CN110391336B - Method for simultaneously forming cathode interface layer and active layer and application of cathode interface layer and active layer in reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell - Google Patents

Method for simultaneously forming cathode interface layer and active layer and application of cathode interface layer and active layer in reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell Download PDF

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CN110391336B
CN110391336B CN201810359288.XA CN201810359288A CN110391336B CN 110391336 B CN110391336 B CN 110391336B CN 201810359288 A CN201810359288 A CN 201810359288A CN 110391336 B CN110391336 B CN 110391336B
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active layer
interface layer
cathode
solar cell
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CN110391336A (en
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侯剑辉
杨蓓
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Institute of Chemistry CAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/20—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising organic-organic junctions, e.g. donor-acceptor junctions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
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    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
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    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for simultaneously forming a cathode interface layer and an active layer. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a film on a substrate containing a cathode by using a mixed solution so as to simultaneously form a cathode interface layer and an active layer, wherein the cathode interface layer is formed on the surface of the cathode, the active layer is formed on the surface of the cathode interface layer, and the mixed solution comprises: polyvinylpyrrolidone; and an active layer solution. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the cathode interface layer and the active layer obtained by the method has better photovoltaic performance, such as high energy conversion efficiency, and the method is simple and convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Method for simultaneously forming cathode interface layer and active layer and application of cathode interface layer and active layer in reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of solar cells. In particular, the invention relates to a method of simultaneously forming a cathode interfacial layer and an active layer and its application in a reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell.
Background
The reverse Organic Solar Cell (OSC) is composed of a substrate, a cathode interfacial layer, an active layer, an anode interfacial layer, and an anode in this order. The use of the cathode interface layer can effectively improve the photovoltaic performance of the device. The traditional reverse OSCs preparation process needs to prepare a cathode interface layer and an active layer respectively, comprises two film forming processes and is complex to operate. Furthermore, when the cathode interface layer material is prepared by using a large-area printing technique, the practical application of the cathode interface layer material, the electron transport property of which is sensitive to the film thickness, is limited due to the inevitable polydispersity of the film thickness obtained by printing. To overcome these drawbacks, a one-step process may be used to prepare the cathode interfacial layer and the active layer. The method is to directly add cathode interface layer material into an active layer, so that the cathode interface layer material spontaneously gathers to the lower surface of a film in the film forming process, and finally a double-layer structure of the cathode interface layer and the active layer is obtained. In general, the larger the surface energy of the interface layer material, the lower the solubility, and the stronger the intermolecular interaction with the underlying layer material, the more easily the interface layer material is concentrated on the lower surface of the film.
The technology for preparing the interface layer and the active layer by the one-step method is successfully applied to the field of fullerene OSCs. For example, polyethylene glycol can be directly added into the active layer as a cathode interface layer material, during the film forming process, the polyethylene glycol spontaneously aggregates on the upper surface of the film, and finally the double-layer structure of the active layer and the polyethylene glycol cathode interface layer is obtained, and the method can be used for preparing the forward fullerene OSCs. However, the technique of preparing the interfacial layer and the active layer in a single step method has not been studied in the field of non-fullerene OSCs. This is mainly because the molecular structures of the non-fullerene acceptor material and the fullerene acceptor material are greatly different, so that OSCs based on the two materials show a large difference in film morphology, exciton dissociation, carrier transport, and the like. For example, most cathode interface layer materials that can be applied to inverse fullerene OSCs have the same performance as in inverse non-fullerene OSCs.
In view of the absolute advantages of non-fullerene OSCs in the aspect of photoelectric conversion, the process which is suitable for the system and can prepare the interface layer and the active layer by one step is developed, and the method has great practical application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least to some extent at least one of the technical problems of the prior art.
To this end, in one aspect of the invention, a method of simultaneously forming a cathode interfacial layer and an active layer is provided. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: preparing a film on a substrate containing a cathode by using a mixed solution so as to simultaneously form a cathode interface layer and an active layer, wherein the cathode interface layer is formed on the surface of the cathode, the active layer is formed on the surface of the cathode interface layer, and the mixed solution comprises: polyvinylpyrrolidone; and an active layer solution. Because the surface energy of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is larger than that of the active layer material, in the process of preparing a membrane by using a mixed solution containing PVP and an active layer solution, PVP tends to be enriched towards the lower surface of the membrane, and finally a double-layer structure of a cathode interface layer and the active layer is formed spontaneously. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the cathode interface layer and the active layer obtained by the method has better photovoltaic performance, such as high energy conversion efficiency, and the method is simple and convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale production.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for simultaneously forming the cathode interface layer and the active layer can further have the following additional technical features:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 200-9000000. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1000-5000000. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the formed cathode interface layer and the active layer further has better photovoltaic performance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinylpyrrolidone is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 50 mass% based on the total mass of solutes in the active layer solution. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinylpyrrolidone is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10 mass% based on the total mass of solutes in the active layer solution. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the formed cathode interface layer and the active layer further has better photovoltaic performance.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinylpyrrolidone is provided in the form of a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution or a polyvinylpyrrolidone solid, wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution has a concentration of 0.001mg/mL to 20g/mL, and the solvent of the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is at least one selected from the group consisting of: n, N-dimethyl sulfoxide, deionized water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, anisole, methyl anisole, diphenyl ether, chloronaphthalene, diiodooctane, dithiooctane, diiodohexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, N-hexane, N-octane, N-heptane, cyclohexane, anisaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, γ -butyrolactone, and methoxyethylene glycol. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the formed cathode interface layer and the active layer further has better photovoltaic performance.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the active layer solution comprises: the electron donor material is selected from polymers or small molecules formed by coupling electron-withdrawing conjugated units and electron-donating conjugated units, the acceptor material is selected from non-fullerene acceptor materials based on perylene and derivatives thereof, naphthalene and derivatives thereof, fluorene and derivatives thereof, and the solvent or additive is selected from at least one of the following components: n, N-dimethyl sulfoxide, deionized water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, anisole, methyl anisole, diphenyl ether, chloronaphthalene, diiodooctane, dithiooctane, diiodohexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, N-hexane, N-octane, N-heptane, cyclohexane, anisaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, γ -butyrolactone, and methoxyethylene glycol. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the formed cathode interface layer and the active layer further has better photovoltaic performance.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the preparation of the film is an operation selected from one of the following: spin coating, doctor blading, screen printing, slot coating, spray coating, ink jet printing, electrostatic printing, wire rod printing. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the formed cathode interface layer and the active layer further has better photovoltaic performance.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises: and annealing the material obtained by the film formation, wherein the annealing treatment is selected from thermal annealing treatment or solvent annealing treatment, the temperature of the thermal annealing treatment is 20-200 ℃, and the time is 0-24 h. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the formed cathode interface layer and the active layer further has better photovoltaic performance.
In another aspect of the invention, a cathode interfacial layer and an active layer are provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cathode interface layer and the active layer are prepared by the method of simultaneously forming the cathode interface layer and the active layer as described above. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell containing the formed cathode interface layer and the active layer further has better photovoltaic performance.
In yet another aspect of the invention, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell is presented. According to an embodiment of the invention, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell comprises: the cathode comprises a substrate, a cathode, the cathode interface layer and the active layer, an anode interface layer and an anode which are sequentially stacked. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell has better photovoltaic performance.
The term "non-fullerene organic solar cell" used in the present invention means: an organic solar cell in which the acceptor in the active layer is an organic material other than fullerene and a derivative thereof; the "reverse organic solar cell" refers to: an organic solar cell having a "substrate/cathode interfacial layer/active layer/anode interfacial layer/anode" structure.
The material of the substrate is not strictly limited in the invention, and can be selected according to actual needs. According to an embodiment of the invention, the substrate material is selected from glass, polyethylene terephthalates, polyimides.
The cathode material is not strictly limited, and can be selected according to actual needs. According to an embodiment of the invention, the cathode material is selected from: ITO, FTO, AZO, aluminum, silver, gold, copper, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, platinum, silver nanowires, gold nanowires, copper nanowires, silver grids, copper grids, gold grids, graphene, high-conductivity PEDOT and PSS.
The anode interface layer material is not strictly limited, and can be selected according to actual needs. According to embodiments of the present invention, the anode interfacial layer material may be selected from, but is not limited to, the following materials: PEDOT PSS, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhenium oxide, cuprous thiocyanate, copper sulfide, copper oxide, cuprous iodide, graphene oxide, fluorene and its derivatives, polythiophene and its derivatives.
The anode material is not strictly limited, and can be selected according to actual needs. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the anode material may be selected from, but is not limited to, the following materials: PSS, aluminum, silver, gold, copper, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, platinum, silver nanowires, gold nanowires, copper nanowires, silver grids, copper grids, gold grids, graphene and high-conductivity PEDOT.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the invention features a method of making an inverse non-fullerene organic solar cell as described above. According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: forming a cathode interface layer and an active layer on the substrate containing the cathode according to the method for simultaneously forming the cathode interface layer and the active layer; and sequentially forming an anode interface layer and an anode on the surface of the active layer so as to obtain the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell. Therefore, the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell obtained by the method has better photovoltaic performance.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of solar cells in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4;
FIG. 2 is a molecular structure of the compounds used in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4;
fig. 3 is a current-voltage curve based on the solar cells of example 1 and comparative example 1;
fig. 4 is a current-voltage curve based on the solar cells of example 2 and comparative example 2;
fig. 5 is a current-voltage curve based on the solar cells of example 3 and comparative example 3;
fig. 6 is a current-voltage curve based on the solar cells of example 4 and comparative example 4.
FIG. 7 is a current-voltage curve of a solar cell according to example 5;
fig. 8 is a current-voltage curve of the solar cell according to example 6.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents, instruments and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
In the following examples, efforts are made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers used (including amounts, temperature, time, etc.) but also to take account of experimental operating errors and deviations due to uncontrollable factors such as environmental changes.
The molecular structures of the compounds PVP, PBDB-T, PBDB-TF, PBDB-TCl, PBDTTT-T-E, IT-M, IT-4F, IEICO employed in the examples below are shown in FIG. 2.
Example 1
In this example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
10mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight of 3500) was added to 1mL of chlorobenzene, and stirred overnight at 40 ℃ to obtain a PVP solution. Adding 10mg of PBDB-T and 10mg of IT-M into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.01mL (0.5 mass percent) of the PVP solution and 0.005mL of diiodooctane, and continuously stirring for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution.
The above mixed solution was spin-coated on ITO-covered glass, and then annealed at 100 ℃ for 10 min. At about 10- 4And (3) evaporating a 10nm molybdenum trioxide and a 100nm aluminum electrode under the pressure of Pa to obtain the solar cell, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as a in figure 1.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
adding 10mg of PBDB-T and 10mg of IT-M into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.005mL of diiodooctane, and continuously stirring for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain an active layer solution.
The above active layer solution was spin coated on ITO-covered glass and then annealed at 100 ℃ for 10 min. Finally at about 10-4Vapor deposition of 10nm of trioxide under PaMolybdenum and 100nm aluminum electrodes to obtain the solar cell, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as b in figure 1.
In a glove box filled with nitrogen, a AAA-level solar simulator AM1.5G was used at 100mW/cm2The current-voltage curves of the solar cells prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were tested at intensity. The above solar simulator was calibrated using a silicon cell certified by Newport corporation, usa.
The test result of the solar cell of comparative example 1 is shown in the curve a of fig. 3, and the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency are 0.71V and 17.5mA/cm, respectively20.54, 6.6%. The test results of the solar cell of example 1 are shown by the curve b in fig. 3, and the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency are 0.91V and 18.3mA/cm, respectively20.69, 11.5%. Therefore, in the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell taking PBDB-T as a donor material and IT-M as an acceptor material, the photovoltaic performance of the device can be effectively improved by using the PVP cathode interface layer.
Example 2
In this example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
10mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight of 3500) was added to 1mL of chlorobenzene, and stirred overnight at 40 ℃ to obtain a PVP solution. Adding 10mg of PBDB-TF and 10mg of IT-4F into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.005mL (0.25 mass percent) of the PVP solution and 0.005mL of diiodooctane, and continuously stirring for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution.
The above mixed solution was spin-coated on ITO-covered glass, and then annealed at 100 ℃ for 10 min. At about 10- 4And (3) evaporating a 10nm molybdenum trioxide and a 100nm aluminum electrode under the pressure of Pa to obtain the solar cell, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as c in figure 1.
Comparative example 2
In this comparative example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
adding 10mg of PBDB-TF and 10mg of IT-4F into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.005mL of diiodooctane, and continuing to stir for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain an active layer solution.
The above active layer solution was spin coated on ITO-covered glass and then annealed at 100 ℃ for 10 min. Finally at about 10-4And (3) evaporating a 10nm molybdenum trioxide and a 100nm aluminum electrode under the pressure Pa to obtain the solar cell, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as d in figure 1.
In a glove box filled with nitrogen, a AAA-level solar simulator AM1.5G was used at 100mW/cm2The current-voltage curves of the solar cells prepared in example 2 and comparative example 2 were tested at the intensity of (a). The above solar simulator was calibrated using a silicon cell certified by Newport corporation, usa.
The test results of the solar cell of comparative example 2 are shown in the curve a of FIG. 4, and the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency are 0.76V and 21.5mA/cm, respectively20.62, 10.1%. The test results of the solar cell of example 2 are shown in the curve b in fig. 4, and the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency are 0.83V and 21.8mA/cm, respectively20.73, 13.3%. Therefore, in the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell taking PBDB-TF as a donor material and IT-4F as an acceptor material, the photovoltaic performance of the device can be effectively improved by using the PVP cathode interface layer.
Example 3
In this example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
10mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight of 3500) was added to 1mL of chlorobenzene, and stirred overnight at 40 ℃ to obtain a PVP solution. Adding 10mg of PBDB-TCl and 10mg of IT-4F into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.005mL (0.25 mass percent) of the PVP solution and 0.005mL of diiodooctane, and continuously stirring for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution.
The above mixed solution was spin-coated on ITO-covered glass, and then annealed at 100 ℃ for 10 min. At about 10- 4Evaporating a molybdenum trioxide electrode with the thickness of 10nm and an aluminum electrode with the thickness of 100nm under the pressure of Pa to obtain the solar cell,the schematic structure of the battery is shown as e in fig. 1.
Comparative example 3
In this comparative example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
adding 10mg of PBDB-TCl and 10mg of IT-4F into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.005mL of diiodooctane, and continuing to stir for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain an active layer solution.
The above active layer solution was spin coated on ITO-covered glass and then annealed at 100 ℃ for 10 min. Finally at about 10-4And (3) evaporating a 10nm molybdenum trioxide and a 100nm aluminum electrode under the pressure of Pa to obtain the solar cell, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as f in the figure 1.
In a glove box filled with nitrogen, a AAA-level solar simulator AM1.5G was used at 100mW/cm2The current-voltage curves of the solar cells prepared in example 3 and comparative example 3 were tested at the intensity of (a). The above solar simulator was calibrated using a silicon cell certified by Newport corporation, usa.
The test result of the solar cell of comparative example 3 is shown in the curve a of FIG. 5, and the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency are 0.81V and 22.2mA/cm, respectively20.64, 11.4%. The test results of the solar cell of example 3 are shown by the curve b in fig. 5, and the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor and energy conversion efficiency are 0.86V and 22.3mA/cm, respectively20.73, 14.0%. Therefore, in the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell taking PBDB-TCl as a donor material and IT-4F as an acceptor material, the photovoltaic performance of the device can be effectively improved by using the PVP cathode interface layer.
Example 4
In this example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
10mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight of 3500) was added to 1mL of chlorobenzene, and stirred overnight at 40 ℃ to obtain a PVP solution. Adding 10mg of PBDTTT-T-E and 10mg of IEICO into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.01mL (0.5 mass percent) of the PVP solution and 0.03mL of diiodooctane, and continuously stirring for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution.
The above mixed solution was spin-coated on ITO-covered glass, and then annealed at 100 ℃ for 10 min. At about 10- 4And (3) evaporating a 10nm molybdenum trioxide and a 100nm aluminum electrode under the pressure of Pa to obtain the solar cell, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as g in figure 1.
Comparative example 4
In this comparative example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
adding 10mg of PBDTTT-T-E and 10mg of IEICO into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.03mL of diiodooctane, and continuously stirring for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain an active layer solution.
The above active layer solution was spin coated on ITO-covered glass and then annealed at 100 ℃ for 10 min. Finally at about 10-4And (3) evaporating a 10nm molybdenum trioxide and a 100nm aluminum electrode under the pressure Pa to obtain the solar cell, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as h in the figure 1.
In a glove box filled with nitrogen, a AAA-level solar simulator AM1.5G was used at 100mW/cm2The current-voltage curves of the solar cells prepared in example 4 and comparative example 4 were tested at the intensity of (a). The above solar simulator was calibrated using a silicon cell certified by Newport corporation, usa.
The test result of the solar cell of comparative example 4 is shown in the curve a of fig. 6, and the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency are 0.57V and 15.3mA/cm, respectively20.51, 4.5%. The test results of the solar cell of example 4 are shown by the curve b in fig. 6, and the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency are 0.81V and 16.5mA/cm, respectively20.59 and 7.8 percent. Therefore, in the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell taking PBDTTT-T-E as a donor material and IEICO as an acceptor material, the use of the PVP cathode interface layer can effectively improve the photovoltaic performance of the device.
Example 5
In this example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
10mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight is 3500, 360000 and 1300000) with different molecular mass is respectively added into 1mL of chlorobenzene and stirred overnight at 40 ℃ to obtain PVP solutions with different molecular mass. Adding 10mg of PBDB-TF and 10mg of IT-4F into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then respectively adding 0.005mL of the PVP solution and 0.005mL (0.25 mass percent) of diiodooctane, and continuously stirring for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution added with PVP with different molecular weights.
The three mixed solutions are respectively coated on ITO-covered glass in a spin mode, and then annealing treatment is carried out for 10min at 100 ℃. At about 10-4And (3) evaporating 10nm molybdenum trioxide and 100nm aluminum electrodes under the pressure of Pa to obtain the solar cell based on PVP with different molecular weights, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as c in figure 1.
In a glove box filled with nitrogen, a AAA-level solar simulator AM1.5G was used at 100mW/cm2The solar cell prepared in example 5 was tested for current-voltage curve at intensity. The above solar simulator was calibrated using a silicon cell certified by Newport corporation, usa.
The test results of the solar cell based on PVP having a molecular weight of 3500 in example 5 are shown in the graph a of FIG. 7, and the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and energy conversion efficiency are 0.83V and 21.7mA/cm, respectively20.71, 12.8%. The test results of the solar cell based on PVP having a molecular weight of 360000 are shown by the curve b in FIG. 7, and the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the fill factor and the energy conversion efficiency are respectively 0.82V and 21.7mA/cm20.71, 12.7%. The test results of the solar cell based on PVP with a molecular weight of 1300000 are shown in the curve c in FIG. 7, and the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the fill factor and the energy conversion efficiency are respectively 0.83V and 21.8mA/cm20.72, 12.9%. Therefore, the polyvinylpyrrolidone with the molecular weight of 3500-1300000 can effectively improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the device.
Example 6
In this example, an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell was prepared as follows:
10mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight of 3500) was added to 1mL of chlorobenzene, and stirred overnight at 40 ℃ to obtain a PVP solution. Adding 10mg of PBDB-TF and 10mg of IT-4F into 1mL of chlorobenzene, stirring for 8h at 40 ℃, then adding 0.005mL of diiodooctane, respectively adding 0mL (not added), 0.002mL (0.1 mass%), 0.005mL (0.25 mass%), and 0.01mL (0.5 mass%) of the PVP solution, and continuously stirring for 30min at 40 ℃ to obtain mixed solution with different PVP adding amounts.
The four mixed solutions are respectively coated on ITO-covered glass in a spin mode, and then annealing treatment is carried out for 10min at 100 ℃. At about 10-4And (3) evaporating and plating 10nm molybdenum trioxide and 100nm aluminum electrodes under the pressure of Pa to obtain the solar cells with different PVP adding amounts, wherein the structural schematic diagram of the cell is shown as c in figure 1.
In a glove box filled with nitrogen, a AAA-level solar simulator AM1.5G was used at 100mW/cm2The current-voltage curve of the solar cell prepared in example 6 was tested at intensity of (a). The above solar simulator was calibrated using a silicon cell certified by Newport corporation, usa.
The test results of the solar cell without PVP in example 6 are shown in the curve a in FIG. 8, and the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and energy conversion efficiency are 0.76V and 21.5mA/cm, respectively20.62, 10.1%. The test results of the solar cell to which 0.1 mass% of PVP was added are shown by a curve b in FIG. 8, and the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current, the fill factor, and the energy conversion efficiency were 0.82V and 21.7mA/cm, respectively20.69, 12.3%. The test results of the solar cell to which 0.25 mass% of PVP was added are shown by curve c in FIG. 8, and the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency were 0.83V and 21.8mA/cm, respectively20.73, 13.3%. The test results of the solar cell to which 0.5 mass% of PVP was added are shown by the curve d in FIG. 8, and the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency were 0.83V and 21.4mA/cm, respectively20.68, 12.0%. Therefore, the photovoltaic efficiency of the device can be effectively improved by adding 0.1-0.5 mass% of PVP.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for simultaneously forming a cathode interfacial layer and an active layer in an inverted non-fullerene solar cell, comprising:
preparing a film on a substrate containing a cathode by using the mixed solution so as to simultaneously form a cathode interface layer and an active layer, wherein the cathode interface layer is formed on the surface of the cathode, the active layer is formed on the surface of the cathode interface layer,
the mixed liquid comprises:
polyvinylpyrrolidone; and
active layer solution.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone has a molecular weight of 200 to 9000000.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 50 mass% based on the total mass of solutes in the active layer solution.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone is provided in the form of a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution or a polyvinylpyrrolidone solid,
wherein the concentration of the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is 0.001 mg/mL-20 g/mL,
the solvent of the polyvinylpyrrolidone solution is selected from at least one of the following: n, N-dimethyl sulfoxide, deionized water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, anisole, methyl anisole, diphenyl ether, chloronaphthalene, diiodooctane, dithiooctane, diiodohexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, N-hexane, N-octane, N-heptane, cyclohexane, anisaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, γ -butyrolactone, and methoxyethylene glycol.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the active layer solution comprises: donor material, acceptor material, solvent and additives,
wherein the donor material is selected from a polymer or a small molecule which is formed by coupling an electron-withdrawing conjugated unit and an electron-donating conjugated unit,
the acceptor material is selected from non-fullerene acceptor materials based on perylene and derivatives thereof, naphthalene and derivatives thereof, fluorene and derivatives thereof,
the solvent or additive is selected from at least one of the following: n, N-dimethyl sulfoxide, deionized water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, anisole, methyl anisole, diphenyl ether, chloronaphthalene, diiodooctane, dithiooctane, diiodohexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, N-dimethylformamide, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, N-hexane, N-octane, N-heptane, cyclohexane, anisaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, γ -butyrolactone, and methoxyethylene glycol.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said preparation of the film is an operation selected from one of the following: spin coating, doctor blading, screen printing, slot coating, spray coating, ink jet printing, electrostatic printing, wire rod printing.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
annealing the material obtained by the prepared film formation, wherein the annealing treatment is selected from thermal annealing treatment or solvent annealing treatment,
the temperature of the thermal annealing treatment is 20-200 ℃, and the time is 0-24 h.
8. A cathode interface layer and an active layer, which are prepared by the method for simultaneously forming a cathode interface layer and an active layer according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. An inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell, comprising: a substrate, a cathode, the cathode interface layer and the active layer according to claim 8, an anode interface layer, and an anode, which are stacked in this order.
10. A method of making an inverted non-fullerene organic solar cell according to claim 9, comprising:
forming a cathode interface layer and an active layer on a substrate containing a cathode according to the method for simultaneously forming the cathode interface layer and the active layer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7; and
and sequentially forming an anode interface layer and an anode on the surface of the active layer so as to obtain the reverse non-fullerene organic solar cell.
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