CN110390859A - A kind of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille - Google Patents
A kind of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille Download PDFInfo
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- CN110390859A CN110390859A CN201810356739.4A CN201810356739A CN110390859A CN 110390859 A CN110390859 A CN 110390859A CN 201810356739 A CN201810356739 A CN 201810356739A CN 110390859 A CN110390859 A CN 110390859A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
- G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille, including a kind of conversion method (referred to as " method ") based on MusicXML music score to braille and a kind of converting system (referred to as " system ") based on MusicXML music score to braille.The method mainly includes that the content of a kind of pair of music notation general format MusicXML file is pre-processed, music score to braille is converted, the method for braille music score simplification processing；The system specifically includes that user interface layer, conversion logic layer；User interface layer includes: MusicXML music score recording module, score formats setup module and result previewing module；Conversion logic layer includes: preprocessing module, conversion module, simplification processing module；System helps user to convert MusicXML music score to braille music score by means of method.Accuracy is converted 96% or more.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille, belong to artificial intelligence and know
Know management domain.
Background technique
China is the most country of whole world blind person, there is blind person 12,000,000, account for the world blind person sum 18%, blind person due to
Obstacle visually, thus acoustically having sensibility and sensitivity different from ordinary person.In the occupation that blind person is engaged in, more
The relevant work of music is engaged in come more practitioner's selections.A kind of music notation is described herein to the conversion side of Chinese braille
Method, mainly music score be converted into MusicXML file reconvert to Chinese braille conversion method.
Music is generally divided into staff and numbered musical notation according to the difference of note spectrum mode.Staff be represent different rhythm and
The note and musical notations of the rhythm are documented in a kind of method on five equidistant horizontal lines, and note spectrum general in the world
Method.Numbered musical notation refers to a kind of easy musical notation, score word numbered musical notation and alphabetical two kinds of numbered musical notation.Using software of setting the chessman on the chessboard according to the chess manual, staff and letter
Spectrum can be converted mutually, and currently, most of music score are recorded using staff mode.
MusicXML is a kind of opening, the text for electronic music information exchange and electronic music publication based on XML
Part format, target are to construct a kind of general format for music note spectrum, support note spectrum, analysis, information retrieval, typesetting cloth
Office.Music information defined in the format can be identified and be applied by most music softwares (more than 140 kinds), including note
Compose software, sound sequence software, play software, music education software and musical database etc..
MusicXML contains music-book information and its description information, such as author, clef, tone mark, trifle, pitch, the duration of a sound, rotation
Rule, rhythm, chord, round and smooth sound etc..Element 297 in MusicXML, attribute 226, entity 59, element is used to describe number
According to attribute is used to descriptive metadata.There are two types of remember spectrum mode by MusicXML: one kind is recorded according to part, using transverse direction group
Music data is knitted, note forms trifle, and trifle composition composition part, part forms music score, using score- partwise as root.
Another kind is recorded according to the time, using longitudinal mode tissue music data, is divided by trifle, is recorded each part in a trifle
With the note of trifle, using score-timewise as root.
Blind person, can only be by realizing with tactile braille to real world because it is for the invisible of real world
Understand.Braille is also known as braille or type, is to be made of on a different material different salient points.Currently common braille is by 6
Point composition square, referred to as " side ", printing or manually write come out braille be protrude point expression available point, left side from
It is 1 point, 2 points, 3 points under, right side is followed successively by, from top to bottom at 4 points at 5 points at 6 points, is illustrated in fig. 17 shown below.
Braille ASCII is the ASCII symbol for storing and identifying braille in computer, can correspond to and change into corresponding braille point
Word.
Braille music symbol is a part for the tactile salient point text that blind person uses, and is the symbol that music is recorded in the form of braille
Number system.Braille music symbol is using quaver as fundamental note, wherein combined with 1,2,4,5 point, including Indicate scale 1234567 (in staff
CDEFGAB), duration, such as whole note, minim, crotchet, quaver are indicated with 3,6 points of combinations.Generation in 1996
It is a world that blind person association, boundary, which issues " New International Manual of Braille Music Notation ",
General braille music standards.In China, the unit consolidations such as China Blind Person Association, Chinese braille publishing house are formulated " Chinese blind
Literary music symbol GB/T 16431-2008 " be China's braille music score national standard, China braille musical signs is in addition to including
General common music symbol, vocal music symbol and western musical instrument outer symbol in the world further include national musical instruments with Chinese characteristics
Symbol.
Currently, part domestic and foreign scholars have studied braille music score related work.Number of patent application:
201610244257.0, entitled " a kind of interpretation method and system by MIDI to braille music score " include it is a kind of by MIDI to blind
The interpretation method of literary music score and a kind of by MIDI to the translation system of braille music score.Mainly MIDI data formatted file is converted
At the music data of formatting, staff is then drawn, ultimately produces braille music score.This patent use music score source format be
Midi format file, MIDI are primarily upon the playing mode and control means of music, i.e. acoustics in electronic music apparatus；
For music-book information, such as multi part, method expression, display mode, composition method, the lyrics are played, cannot all indicate or effectively show；
During remembering spectrum, that musician is more concerned about is how clear, accurately recorded in a manner of symbol, text and image can quilt
The music of people's reading and understanding, MIDI are difficult to meet music note spectrum demand；For the same MIDI file, broadcast using different software
Sound equipment may be the same when putting, but the music score restored and original score gap are larger, can lose the important sign in music score.This
The outer patent does not carry out Reduction to the braille music score after conversion, the more numerous length of braille after conversion, when increasing blind person's reading
Between.
Number of patent application: 201610044996.5, it is entitled " based on the braille music score Automatic Typesetting side to section musical notation
Method " using beat information carry out the typesetting of braille music score, and according to section musical notation rule for braille music score carry out Automatic Typesetting.
The method that the patent proposes only has carried out Automatic Typesetting to music-book on pianoforte, and the music score of other instrument playings is lacked due
Typesetting strategy, furthermore the patent solves only braille music score typesetting problem, does not solve plaintext music score to braille music score transfer problem.
Method or system disclosed above are also not associated with Chinese Musical Instruments and Chinese braille music rule, therefore are actually using
In, it generally requires to understand that the people of braille and music manually adjusts transformation result, it is time-consuming and laborious.The current published braille in China is happy
Spectrum is mainly by human translation come translation speed and accuracy rate are unable to satisfy demand of the person visually impaired to braille music score.The present invention
Realize that music notation to the conversion method of braille, is dedicated to overcoming inefficient, the high-cost disadvantage of human translation braille music score,
And prior art shortcoming, it is intended to propose a kind of automatic translating method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille,
The music score of plaintext state is converted to braille music score by the reading and processing of computer technology by the present invention, solves blind person's identification
And the problem of reading sheet music.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve plaintext music score to braille transfer problem, propose a kind of based on MusicXML music score
To the conversion method and system of braille；
1. a kind of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille of the present invention is based on including one kind
MusicXML music score is to the conversion method (referred to as " method ") of braille and a kind of conversion based on MusicXML music score to braille
System (referred to as " system ") two parts；
The system specifically includes that user interface layer, conversion logic layer；
User interface layer be it is a kind of provide the graphic interface of respective service for user, serve user convert MusicXML
Music score is to braille ASCII character and Braille；
User interface layer includes: MusicXML music score recording module, score formats setup module and result previewing module；
MusicXML music score recording module is used for the MusicXML music score to be converted of typing, there is code input and MusicXML
File uploads two units；
Score formats setup module includes braille typesetting setting unit and transformation result selecting unit, and braille typesetting setting is single
Member is for being arranged the small joint number of every row, every page line number, every row number formulary, and transformation result selecting unit is for selecting display Braille also
It is braille ASCII character；
As a result previewing module is for showing transformation result, and can download the braille ASCII character and Braille of conversion；
Conversion logic layer provides switching strategy, mode and method for user, while packaged mode and method are used for
Convert the MusicXML music score of user's typing；
Conversion logic layer includes: preprocessing module, conversion module, simplification processing module；
Preprocessing module, which specifically includes that, obtains MusicXML music score unit, verifies MusicXML music score normalization unit；
Conversion module specifically includes that MusicXML DOM resolution unit, MusicXML music score element spider module；
MusicXML music score element spider module include: again music score header information processing unit, music score clef processing unit,
Music score tone mark processing unit, music score time signature processing unit, score note processing unit, music score chord processing unit, music score liaison
Processing unit, music score dynamics, speed and expression mark processing unit, music score grace processing unit and music score are changed voice at mark
Manage unit；
Simplification module includes: that braille music score simplification processing unit, braille music score publishing process unit and braille are happy
Compose result treatment unit；
2. method described in mainly includes a kind of conversion method based on MusicXML music score to braille, mainly includes as follows
Step:
Step 1: the typing of MusicXML music score and pretreatment；
Step 2: MusicXML music score traverses and is converted to braille；
Step 3: braille music score simplification and typesetting output；
Specifically, step 1 includes:
Step 1.1 obtains MusicXML music score；The first scheme is to be manually entered MusicXML code；Second scheme is
Directly upload MusicXML file；
Step 1.2 verifies the standardization of MusicXML music score；The MusicXML content that step 1.1 is obtained uses
MusicXML Schema or MusicXML DTD automaticly inspect MusicXML music score；If complying with standard, continue
Next step prompts user to modify music score if not being inconsistent standardization；
3. the MusicXML music score of pair step 1 output is traversed and be converted to braille, the following steps are specifically included:
The pretreated MusicXML music score of step 1 is used DOMParser according to different browsers by step 2.1 respectively
Method or ActiveXObject method resolve to XML DOM form；
Step 2.2 traverses the element of MusicXML music score, and is successively converted to braille, specifically includes following several
Step:
The processing of step 2.2.1 music score header information, scans and obtains the work node and child node work- of music score
Number, work-title node, or movement-title node is obtained as music score title, obtain the 1st music measures
Key node is as tone mark, and time node is as time signature, and credit-words node is as music basic display attribute；Then it obtains
The details of identification node and the inside are taken, are converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；
These information are placed on braille music score foremost as start information；
The processing of step 2.2.2 music score main information, recursive traversal part node；
Step 2.2.3 recursive traversal measure node；
The processing of step 2.2.4 music score clef；The attributes node in measure node is obtained, is judged whether there is
Staves child node obtains the value of the node if there is the child node, according to the content of value, obtains the specific clef of music score
Type；For each child node of measure, if there is staff node, then correspondence is belonged to according to the value of staff node
The information of clef, staff nodal value are 1 to be converted to high music in braille music score or right hand spectrum, and staff nodal value is 2 to indicate
For bass spectrum or left spectrum, ASCII character and braille are converted to according to standard control table later；If there is no staff child node, then
It is directly entered next step processing；
The processing of step 2.2.5 music score tone mark；When traversing attributes node, key child node is judged whether there is；Such as
There are the child nodes for fruit, the value for belonging to fifths node and mode node below key node are obtained, then according to this two entry value
Content, be converted to corresponding tone mark value, be converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；If there is no key
Child node is then directly entered next step processing；
The processing of step 2.2.6 music score time signature；When traversing attributes node, time child node is judged whether there is；
If there is the child node, the value for belonging to beats node and beat-type node below time node is obtained, then basis
The content of this two entry value is converted to corresponding time signature value, is converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；If
There is no time child nodes, then are directly entered next step processing；
The processing of step 2.2.7 score note；The note node in measure node is obtained, judges that present node is
And chord node, it then obtains type nodal value and belongs to the value of the step node and octave node below pitch node, then
According to the content of this three entry value, corresponding music symbol and music duration are converted to, is converted to later according to standard control table
ASCII character and braille；If there is no pitch child node, then next step processing is directly entered；
The processing of step 2.2.8 music score chord；The note node in measure node is obtained, judges that present node is
And chord node, then judgement immediately following be all staff value next note node whether be and chord node, until being all
In the subsequent note node of staff value be not with chord node until；Record each note node during this note, when
Value and interval；If staff value is 1, as high music or right hand spectrum, the calculating of interval calculate from high to low, most by interval
For high note note as root note, note note immediately after is only meant as the difference of interval；If staff value is 2, i.e.,
It calculates for bass spectrum or left hand spectrum, the calculating of interval, using the minimum note note of interval as root note, closely follows from low to high
Thereafter note note is only meant as the difference of interval, is converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；
The processing of step 2.2.9 music score liaison；When traversing liaison label slur node in note note node, it is obtained
Attribute type value；If it is start, judge in the subsequent note note node in same staff slur attribute type value as stop
Node, be converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；If the counting of the two is more than 3, starting
Braille is added before note noteBraille is added before terminating note noteExcept this it
Outside, braille directly is added after corresponding note?；
Step 2.2.10 music score dynamics, speed and the processing of expression mark；Label of changing voice is traversed in note note node
When words node, its value is obtained；Dynamics and speed mark are generally indicated by before the note that corresponding note node indicates, but
Crescendo symbol and diminuendo symbol indicate beginning and the end of note in note node, are converted to later according to standard control table
ASCII character and braille；Musical expression term before abbreviation often with needing plus write a Chinese character in simplified form font size brailleThereafter plus slightly point number is blind
Text Summation tone group number is needed before first note node note after music terms；
The processing of step 2.2.11 music score grace；It traverses to change voice in note note node and marks articulations
When node, its value is obtained；Trill, upper trill, lower trill and preceding upper glide, front lower glide symbol need to be marked on the expression of note node
Before note, rear upper glide and afterwards lower glide need to be marked on after note node expression note, then be converted according to standard control table
For ASCII code and braille；
Step 2.2.12 music score change voice mark processing；The accidental for label of changing voice is traversed in note note node
When node, its value is obtained；Sharp, flat, reduction number write on before note node note, indicate interim ascending, descending semitone；Each
Ascending, descending number is only effective to unisonance note node in same measure node；When same measure node sound not ascending, descending
When, ASCII character and braille then are converted to according to standard control table before the note plus reduction number；
If there is also next untreated measure node, return step 2.2.3 to continue under traversal by step 2.2.13
One measure node；
If step 2.2.14 is there is also next untreated part node, return step 2.2.2 continues to traverse next
A part node；
4. step 3 carries out simplification processing for the braille music score that step 2 exports, the following steps are specifically included:
The processing of step 3.1 braille music score simplification；Referring to braille music score international standard " New International
Manual of Braille Music Notation " and national standard " China braille musical signs GB/T 16431-2008 "
Write a Chinese character in simplified form rule, to Jing Guo above-mentioned steps result carry out simplification processing；Detailed step are as follows:
3.1.1 the sound group number of braille music score is traversed, judge the sound group number whether before first note, if
Do not simplify then before first note, is otherwise simplified；
3.1.2 two neighboring note xi、xj, sound group uses G (x respectivelyi)、G(xj) indicate, note degree uses ζ (x respectivelyi)、
ζ(xj) indicate, if G (xi)=G (xj) then as | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | sound group number is removed when≤5, | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | when >=6
Retain sound group number；If G (xi)≠G(xj) then as | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | sound group number is removed when≤3, | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | when >=4
Retain sound group number；
3.1.3 if several trifles, the summation tone group number before number before repeating to play, sing in other sound groups；If only weighed
Repetition, the several trifles of beginning for singing several trifles in front, then omitting notation using number indicates；If duplicate contents need to be moved to
Other sound groups, then the summation tone group number before several numbers of duplicate contents；
3.1.4 to the trifle S of braille music score1S2……Si……SnIt is traversed, if Si=Si+1Then Si+1It can be repetition
It is small save braille expression；
3.1.5 if according to works trifle S1S2……Si……SnWhich trifle is repeated, then uses demotion number table
Show；If omitting notation using number, retain sound group number before first note；
3.1.6 judge trifle number of repetition, if be repeated twice, indicated using repeated number；If number of repetition is greater than
Three times or more than three times, then add digital representation after using repeated number；
3.1.7 if the repeated number of half trifle is clapped with one or half bat repeated number meets, must add between the two
3.1.8 if discovery has compartment partially to use braille repeatedly repeatedly when traversing braille music scoreIt marks, braille when occurring next timeIt indicates；If from the beginning repeatedly,
Then use braille It indicates, if midway is repeatedly, uses brailleIt indicates；
3.1.9 when 4 dieresis (f) are a bat in each beat (T), every first 16 note clapped in (T)By reality
Border duration write, others can simplify into 8 dieresis (f)；But 8 dieresis (f) before, or it is not inner in 1 bat (T)
16 dieresisIt cannot simplify；
3.1.10 8 dieresis (f) it is demisemiquaver in a beat (T) clappedThe short cut technique in 3.1.9 can be used,
But 128 dieresisIt cannot simplify；
3.1.11 inner in the beat (T) that 4 points of dotted notes (f) are a bat, 6 16 notes can be usedFor one group of letter
Change, if demisemiquaverIt can be simplified with 4 one group of method；If traversing rest cannot write a Chinese character in simplified form；
The typesetting and display of step 3.2 braille music score are handled；Default every row show most small joint numbers be M, every page of display most
Multirow number is that N, every row show that most number formularies are R, and forward scan a, the braille music score of the side's a+1 braille composition, m, n, r are respectively indicated
The number formulary of the small joint number, the line number of current page and current line of current line, initial value m=0, n=0, r=0 when scanning；Often sweep to
One side's braille carries out a r++, judges whether to scan through braille music score, if circulation display music score is jumped out, if not then sentencing
Whether current trifle of breaking terminates, if then m++, if not then then carrying out in next step；Judge r >=R judge if invalid m >=
M continues to scan on next side's braille if invalid, uses function BW (a, a+1) to judge current braille as r >=R if setting up
It whether is liaison with next braille, if next line first party braille is added to current line finally simultaneously by BW (a, a+1)=1 by force
N++, m=0, r=0 are allowed, if BW (a, a+1)=0 directly allows n++, m=0, r=0；Under judging that n >=N is scanned if invalid
One side's braille allows if setting up and n=0 while setting up another one page and continue to scan on next side's braille；
The result treatment of step 3.3 braille music score；MusicXML music score is converted to braille pleasure by above step
The ASCII character format and braille music score of spectrum, wherein display and downloading may be selected in ASCII character, to may further pass through braille
Printing device obtains the papery braille music score of latticed form；
Step 1 completes a kind of conversion method based on MusicXML music score to braille to step 3；
Beneficial effect
A kind of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille and other similar method or system of the invention
It compares, has the following beneficial effects:
1. the present invention uses MusicXML music score as converting objects, spectral method such as MIDI, NIFF, SMDL are remembered compared with other,
Have many advantages, such as strong, the comprehensive specification of compatibility, it is clear in structure, be easy to shared；
2. system operatio of the invention is simple and convenient, accuracy rate is up to 96%, and supports a variety of inputs and a variety of output sides
Method had not only been convenient for user's online editing but also had been convenient for printing out on braille imprinter and the aobvious device of point；
3. realizing the Automatic Typesetting of braille music score in the present invention, and support a variety of customized type-setting modes of user；
4. the present invention realizes the automatic simplification processing of braille music score according to national standard, the braille music score of generation is succinctly bright
, it is easy to read；
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of system module figure of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of user interface map of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is conversion method overview flow chart of the MusicXML music notation to braille；
Fig. 4 is the typing of MusicXML music notation and pretreatment process figure；
Fig. 5 is the flow chart for traversing MusicXML music notation and being converted to braille；
Fig. 6 is measure node processing flow chart；
Fig. 7 is braille music score simplification and typesetting output flow chart；
Fig. 8 is typesetting and the display process flow diagram of braille music score；
Fig. 9 is braille music score simplification flow chart；
Figure 10 is braille music score sound group number simplification process flow diagram；
Figure 11 is braille music score trifle simplification process flow diagram；
Figure 12 is " Mazu's bliss ballad is chanted " staff
Figure 13 is " Mazu's bliss ballad is chanted " MusicXML music score
Figure 14 is " Mazu's bliss ballad is chanted " MusicXML music score XML DOM
Figure 15 is that the present invention converts out " Mazu's bliss ballad is chanted " braille music score
Figure 17 is six-dot braille schematic diagram
Figure 18 is braille, braille ASCII character and the Unicode code table of comparisons
Figure 19 is braille and the MusicXML table of comparisons
Specific implementation step
In order to further illustrate the present invention and the characteristics of beneficial effect, with reference to the accompanying drawing and example is to method of the invention
In-depth explanation and detailed description are carried out with system；
Fig. 1 is system module figure of the invention, and Fig. 2 is user interface map of the present invention；Table 1 is braille, ASCII character, braille
ASCII character and the Unicode code table of comparisons, table 2 are braille and the MusicXML table of comparisons；Fig. 3 is that one kind of the invention is based on
MusicXML music score to braille conversion method overview flow chart, as shown in figure 3, the method mainly includes the following steps:
Step 1000.MusicXML music score typing and pretreatment；
Step 2000. traverses and is converted to braille to the MusicXML music score that step 1000 exports；
The braille music score simplification and typesetting output that step 3000. exports step 2000；
As shown in figure 4, step 1000MusicXML music score typing of the present invention and pretreatment include the following steps:
Step 1100. obtains MusicXML music score；The first scheme is typing MusicXML code；Second scheme is to make
With the musical input editors Software Create MusicXML file such as MuseScore, Braille Music Editor, Sibelius.With five
Line spectrum " Mazu's bliss " (hereinafter referred to as Mazu) is used as translation example, and Figure 12 is first three page of content of Mazu staff, Tu13Shi
Corresponding MusicXML music score；
Step 1200. verifies the standardization of MusicXML music score；The MusicXML content that step 1100 is obtained uses
MusicXMLSchema or MusicXMLDTD carries out regular recurrence inspection to MusicXML music score；If complying with standard, continue into
Row next step prompts user to modify music score if not being inconsistent standardization；
The MusicXML music score that step 2000 mainly exports step 1000 is traversed and is converted to braille, and Fig. 5 is step
Rapid 2000 flow chart, including the following steps:
Step 2100. uses the MusicXML music score pretreated in step 1000 according to different browsers respectively
DOMParser method or ActiveXObject method are converted to XML DOM form, XML DOM such as Figure 14 institute of example Mazu
Show, the Partial Elements in XML DOM are shown only since length is limited, in Figure 14；
The processing of step 2200. music score header information, scans and obtains the work node and child node work- of music score
Number, work-title, as work the and work-title node scanned in Mazu is
" Mazu's bliss ballad is chanted " is translated as As music score title, the 1st music measures key node is obtained as tone mark, time section
Point is used as time signature, and credit-words node is as music basic display attribute, such as first scanned in Mazu
Credit-words node is
< credit-words default-x=" 72 " default-y=" 1624 " font-style=" normal "
Font-weight=" normal "
Justify=" left " valign=" middle ">2</credit-words>
Wherein attribute default-x, default-y are the position that plaintext music score essential information is shown, system is corresponding to be calculated
Its display position in braille music score, for font-size, font-weight attribute, since Braille font format is fixed,
Therefore it disregards；Then the details for obtaining identification node and the inside, as scanned in Mazu
Identification node is
ASCII character and braille are converted to according to standard control table later；These information are placed on braille as header information
Music score foremost；
The processing of step 2300. music score main information, loops through part node；In Mazu
<part id="Pi">
Node, wherein i=1 ... n；
Step 2400. loops through and handles measure node；In Mazu
<measure number=" j " width=" C ">
Node, wherein j=1 ... n, C are music score width；
If step 2500. is there is also next untreated measure node, return step 2400 continues with next
A measure node；
If step 2600. is there is also next untreated part node, return step 2300 continues with next
Part node；
Fig. 6 is the detailed step for looping through measure node in the present invention to step 2400, specific as follows:
The processing of step 2410. music score clef；The attributes node in measure node is obtained, is judged whether there is
Staves child node；If there is the child node, the value for belonging to staves node is obtained, such as the staves scanned in Mazu
Node is
<staves>1</staves>
Therefore value is 1；According to the content of value, the specific clef type of music score is obtained；For each child node of measure,
If there is staff node, then belong to the information of corresponding clef according to the value of staff node, if staff nodal value is 1 table
It is shown as high music or right hand spectrum, staff nodal value is expressed as bass spectrum or left spectrum for 2, such as the staff node scanned in Mazu
For
<staff>1</staff>
Therefore its value is 1；ASCII character and braille are converted to according to standard control table later；If there is no staff section
Point is then directly entered next step processing；
The processing of step 2420. music score tone mark；When encountering attributes node, key child node is judged whether there is；If
There are the child node, the value of the fifths node and mode node under key node is obtained, then according to the content of this two entry value,
Corresponding tone mark value is converted to, as the key child node scanned in Mazu is
Therefore the value that the value of fifths node is 1, mode node is major, is converted to ASCII according to standard control table later
Code " % " and brailleIf there is no key child node, then next step processing is directly entered；
The processing of step 2430. music score time signature；When encountering attributes node, time child node is judged whether there is；Such as
Fruit obtains the value for belonging to beats node and beat-type node under time node there are the child node, then according to this two
The content of entry value is converted to corresponding time signature value, as the time child node scanned in Mazu is
Therefore the value that the value of its beats node is 4, beat-type node is 4, is converted to later according to standard control table
ASCII character " #D4 " and brailleIf there is no time child node, then it is directly entered next
Step process；
The processing of step 2440. score note；The note node in measure node is obtained, judges that present node is
And chord node, it then obtains type nodal value and belongs to the value of the step node and octave node below pitch node, then
According to the content of this three entry value, corresponding music symbol and music duration are converted to, as the type node scanned in Mazu is
<type>whole</type>
Therefore its value is whole, the pitch node scanned is
Therefore the value of its step node is A, the value of octave node is 4, is converted to ASCII character according to standard control table later
"！" and brailleIf there is no pitch child node, then next step processing is directly entered；
The processing of step 2450. music score chord；Obtain measure node in note node, judge present node whether be
And chord node, then judgement immediately following be all staff value next note node whether be and chord node, until being all
In note node after staff value until non-sum chord node；Record the note of each note node during this, duration and
Interval；If staff value is 1, as high music or right hand time spectrum, the calculating of interval calculates from high to low, and interval is highest
For note note as root note, note note immediately after is only meant as the difference of interval；If staff value is 2, as
Bass spectrum or left hand time spectrum, the calculating of interval calculate from low to high, using the minimum note note of interval as root note, closely follow it
Note note afterwards is only meant as the difference of interval, is converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；
The processing of step 2460. music score liaison；When traversing liaison label slur node in note note node, it is obtained
Attribute type value；If it is start, judge in the subsequent note note node in same staff slur attribute type value as stop
Node, be converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；If the counting of the two is more than 3, starting
Braille is added before note noteBraille is added before terminating note note Except this it
Outside, braille directly is added after corresponding noteAs the slur node scanned in Mazu is
<slur color=" #000000 " type=" start " orientation=" under "/>
<slur color=" #000000 " type=" stop " orientation=" under "/>
It wherein counts and is less than 3, therefore directly add braille after corresponding note, later according to mark
The quasi- table of comparisons is converted to ASCII character and braille；
Step 2470. music score dynamics, speed and the processing of expression mark；Label of changing voice is traversed in note note node
When words node, its value is obtained；Dynamics and speed mark are generally indicated by before the note that corresponding note node indicates, but
Crescendo symbol and diminuendo symbol indicate beginning and the end of note in note node, are converted to later according to standard control table
ASCII character and braille；Musical expression term before abbreviation often with needing plus write a Chinese character in simplified form font size brailleThereafter plus slightly point number is blind
Text Summation tone group number is needed before first note node note after music terms；
The processing of step 2480. music score grace；Traversing to change voice in note note node marks articulations to save
When point, its value is obtained；Trill, upper trill, lower trill and preceding upper glide, front lower glide symbol need to be marked on note node and indicate sound
Fu Qian, rear upper glide and afterwards lower glide need to be marked on after note node expression note, then be converted to by standard control table
ASCII character and braille；
Step 2490. music score change voice mark processing；The accidental for label of changing voice is traversed in note note node
When node, its value is obtained；Before being converted to braille by sharp, flat or reduction number and write on note node note, indicate interim
Ascending, descending semitone；Each ascending, descending number is only effective to unisonance note node in same measure node；When same measure is saved
When certain sound not ascending, descending of point, reduction braille is added before the noteSuch as the accidental scanned in Mazu
Node is
<accidental>natural</accidental>
Therefore the value of accidental node is natural, is then converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table；
Step 3000 mainly carries out simplification to the braille music score that step 2000 exports and typesetting exports, as shown in fig. 7, step
Rapid 3000 include the following steps: again
The processing of step 3100. braille music score simplification；According to international braille music score standard " New International
Manual Of Braille Music Notation " and national standard " China braille musical signs GB/T 16431-2008 "
Write a Chinese character in simplified form rule, to step 2000 export result carry out simplification processing；
The typesetting and display of step 3200. braille music score are handled, as shown in Figure 8；Default every row and shows that most small joint numbers are
M, every page of most line numbers of display are N, every row show that most number formularies are R, forward scan a, the braille music score that the side's a+1 braille forms,
M, the number formulary of the small joint number, the line number of current page and current line of current line, initial value m=0, n when n, r respectively indicate scanning
=0, r=0；It often sweeps to side's braille and carries out a r++, judge whether to scan through braille music score, if jumping out circulation display pleasure
Spectrum, if not then judging whether current trifle terminates, if then m++, if not then carrying out in next step；If judging, r >=R is invalid
Then judge m >=M, next side's braille is continued to scan on if invalid, uses function BW (a, a+1) to judge as r >=R if setting up
Whether current braille and next braille are liaison, if BW (a, a+1)=1 is by force added to next line first party braille currently
Row is last and allows n++, m=0, r=0, if BW (a, a+1)=0 directly allows n++, m=0, r=0；If judging, n >=N is invalid
Next side's braille is then scanned, is allowed if setting up and n=0 while being set up another one page and continue to scan on next side's braille；
The result treatment of step 3300. braille music score；MusicXML music score is converted to braille by above step
The ASCII character format and braille music score of music score, wherein display and downloading may be selected in ASCII character, thus may further be by blind
Literary printing device obtains the papery braille music score of latticed form；This convert generate braille music score result into Figure 15, braille
ASCII character music score is Figure 16；
Fig. 9 is the detailed step of step 3100 in the present invention, is specifically divided into:
The processing of step 3110. braille music score sound group number simplification, as shown in Figure 10, specific steps include:
Step 3111. traverses the sound group number of braille music score, judge the sound group number whether before first note,
Do not simplify if before first note, is otherwise simplified；
The two neighboring note x of step 3112.i、xj, their sound group uses G (x respectivelyi)、G(xj) indicate, if G (xi)=
G(xj) then as | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | sound group number is removed when≤5, | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | retain sound group number when >=6；If G (xi)≠G
(xj) then as | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | sound group number is removed when≤3, | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | retain sound group number when >=4；
If several trifles before step 3113. repeats to play, sing in other sound groups, the summation tone group number before number；If
The several trifles of beginning of several trifles in front are played, are sung in repetition, then omitting notation using number indicates；If duplicate contents need to move
Other sound groups are moved, then the summation tone group number before several numbers of duplicate contents；
Step 3120. braille music score trifle simplification, as shown in figure 11, specific steps include:
Trifle S of the step 3121. to braille music score1S2……Si……SnIt is traversed, if Si=Si+1Then Si+1It can be
Duplicate small braille of saving indicates；
If step 3122. is according to the trifle S of works1S2……Si……SnWhich trifle is repeated, then with demotion number
It indicates；If omitting notation using number, retain sound group number before first note；
Step 3123. judges trifle number of repetition, if be repeated twice, is indicated using repeated number；If number of repetition
Greater than three times or more than three times, then add digital representation after using repeated number；
Step 3130. braille music score compartment simplifies simplified processing repeatedly；If the repeated number of half trifle and a bat or half
It claps repeated number to meet, then must add between the twoIf discovery has compartment repeatedly when traversing braille music score, repeatedly portion
Divide and usesIt marks, is used when occurring next timeIt indicates；If from the beginning repeatedly,
Then useIt indicates, if midway is repeatedly, uses Table
Show；
Step 3140. braille score note simplification；Such as by taking the Do in example as an example, 4 dieresis in each beat (T)When being clapped for one, every first 16 dieresis clapped in (T)It is write by practical duration, others can simplify into
8 dieresisBut in 8 dieresisBefore, or not 16 inner dieresis of (T) are clapped 1It cannot letter
Change；In 8 dieresisIn the beat (T) clapped for one, demisemiquaver It can use short cut technique above, but 128 points
NoteIt cannot simplify；In 4 points of dotted notesThe beat (T) clapped for one is inner, can use 6 16 notes
Simplify for one group, if demisemiquaver It can be simplified with 4 one group of method；If traversing rest cannot write a Chinese character in simplified form.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille, it is characterised in that:
MusicXML is based on including a kind of conversion method (referred to as " method ") based on MusicXML music score to braille and one kind
Converting system (referred to as " the system ") two parts of music score to braille；
The system specifically includes that user interface layer, conversion logic layer；
User interface layer be it is a kind of provide the graphic interface of respective service for user, serve user convert MusicXML music score
To braille and braille ASCII character；
User interface layer includes: MusicXML music score recording module, score formats setup module and result previewing module；
MusicXML music score recording module has code typing and MusicXML file for inputting the MusicXML music score to be converted
Upload two units；
Score formats setup module includes braille typesetting setting unit and transformation result selecting unit, and braille typesetting setting unit is used
In being arranged the small joint number of every row, every page line number, every row number formulary, transformation result selecting unit is for selecting display Braille or blind
Literary ASCII character；
As a result previewing module is for showing transformation result, and can download the braille ASCII character and Braille of conversion；
Conversion logic layer provides switching strategy, mode and method for user, while packaged mode and method for converting
The MusicXML music score of user's input；
Conversion logic layer includes: preprocessing module, conversion module, simplification processing module；
Preprocessing module, which specifically includes that, obtains MusicXML music score unit, verifies MusicXML music score normalization unit；
Conversion module specifically includes that MusicXML DOM resolution unit, MusicXML music score element spider module；
MusicXML music score element spider module includes: music score basic processing unit, music score clef processing unit, music score again
Tone mark processing unit, music score time signature processing unit, score note processing unit, music score chord processing unit, the processing of music score liaison
Unit, music score dynamics, speed and expression mark processing unit, music score grace processing unit and music score change voice mark processing singly
Member；
Simplification module includes: braille music score simplification processing unit, braille music score publishing process unit and braille music score knot
Fruit processing unit.
2. a kind of conversion method and system based on MusicXML music score to braille as described in claim 1, feature also exist
In:
A kind of conversion method based on MusicXML music score to braille, mainly includes the following steps:
Step 1: the input of MusicXML music score and pretreatment；
Step 2: MusicXML music score traverses and is converted to braille；
Step 3: braille music score simplification and typesetting output.
3. a kind of conversion method based on MusicXML music score to braille as claimed in claim 2, it is further characterized in that:
Specifically, step 1 includes:
Step 1.1 obtains MusicXML music score；The first scheme is to be manually entered MusicXML code；Second scheme is direct
Upload MusicXML file；
Step 1.2 verifies the standardization of MusicXML music score；The MusicXML content that step 1.1 is obtained, uses MusicXML
Schema or MusicXML DTD automaticly inspects MusicXML music score；If complying with standard, continue next step
Suddenly, user is prompted to modify music score if not being inconsistent standardization.
4. a kind of conversion method based on MusicXML music score to braille as claimed in claim 2, it is further characterized in that:
Step 2: being traversed and being converted to braille to the MusicXML music score of step 1 output, the following steps are specifically included:
The pretreated MusicXML music score of step 1 is used DOMParser method according to different browsers by step 2.1 respectively
Or ActiveXObject method, resolve to XML DOM form；
Step 2.2 traverses the element of MusicXML music score, and is successively converted to braille.
5. a kind of conversion method based on MusicXML music score to braille as claimed in claim 4, it is further characterized in that:
Step 2.2 traverses the element of MusicXML music score, and is successively converted to braille, specifically:
Step 2.2.1 music score header information processing, scan and obtain music score work node and child node work-number,
Work-title node, or movement-title node is obtained as music score title, obtain the 1st music measures key node
As tone mark, time node is as time signature, and credit-words node is as music basic display attribute；Then it obtains
The details of identification node and the inside are converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；These
Information is placed on braille music score foremost as start information；
The processing of step 2.2.2 music score subject information, loops through part node；
Step 2.2.3 loops through measure node；
The processing of step 2.2.4 music score clef；The attributes node in measure node is obtained, is judged whether there is
Staves child node obtains the value of the node if there is the child node, according to the content of value, obtains the specific clef of music score
Type；For each child node of measure, if there is staff node, then correspondence is belonged to according to the value of staff node
The information of clef, staff nodal value are 1 to be converted to high music in braille music score or right hand spectrum, and staff nodal value is 2 to indicate
For bass spectrum or left spectrum, ASCII character and braille are converted to according to standard control table later；If there is no staff child node, then
It is directly entered next step processing；
The processing of step 2.2.5 music score tone mark；When traversing attributes node, key child node is judged whether there is；If deposited
In the child node, the value for belonging to fifths node and mode node below key node is obtained, then according in this two entry value
Hold, is converted to corresponding tone mark value, is converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；If there is no key section
Point is then directly entered next step processing；
The processing of step 2.2.6 music score time signature；When traversing attributes node, time child node is judged whether there is；If
There are the child node, obtain the value for belonging to beats node and beat-type node below time node, then according to this two
The content of entry value is converted to corresponding time signature value, is converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；If do not deposited
In time child node, then next step processing is directly entered；
The processing of step 2.2.7 score note；The note node in measure node is obtained, judges that present node is chord
Node then obtains type nodal value and belongs to the value of the step node and octave node below pitch node, then basis
The content of this three entry value is converted to corresponding music symbol and music duration, is converted to ASCII character according to standard control table later
And braille；If there is no pitch child node, then next step processing is directly entered；
The processing of step 2.2.8 music score chord；The note node in measure node is obtained, judges that present node is chord
Node, then judgement immediately following be all staff value next note node whether be and chord node, until being all staff value
In subsequent note node be not with chord node until；Record note, duration and the sound of each note node during this
Journey；If staff value is 1, as high music or right hand spectrum, the calculating of interval calculates from high to low, and interval is highest
For note note as root note, note note immediately after is only meant as the difference of interval；If staff value is 2, as low
Music or left hand spectrum, the calculating of interval calculate from low to high, using the minimum note note of interval as root note, immediately after
Note note be only meant as the difference of interval, be converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；
The processing of step 2.2.9 music score liaison；When traversing liaison label slur node in note note node, its attribute is obtained
Type value；If it is start, judge in the subsequent note note node in same staff slur attribute type value as the section of stop
Point is converted to ASCII character and braille according to standard control table later；If the counting of the two is more than 3, starting note sound
The preceding addition braille of symbol "(456,14) ", before terminating note note add braille "(45,23) ", in addition to this, directly
After corresponding note add braille "(14) "；
Step 2.2.10 music score dynamics, speed and the processing of expression mark；It traverses to change voice in note note node and marks words
When node, its value is obtained；Dynamics and speed mark are generally indicated by before the note that corresponding note node indicates, but crescendo accords with
Number and diminuendo symbol note node indicate note beginning and end, later according to standard control table be converted to ASCII character and
Braille；Musical expression term often with needed before abbreviation plus write a Chinese character in simplified form font size braille "(345) ", thereafter plus slightly point number braille "
(3)"；Summation tone group number is needed before first note node note behind music terms；
The processing of step 2.2.11 music score grace；It traverses to change voice in note note node and marks articulations node
When, obtain its value；Trill, upper trill, lower trill and preceding upper glide, front lower glide symbol need to be marked on note node and indicate note
Before, rear upper glide and rear lower glide need to be marked on after note node expression note, be then converted to according to standard control table
ASCII character and braille；
Step 2.2.12 music score change voice mark processing；The accidental node for label of changing voice is traversed in note note node
When, obtain its value；Sharp, flat, reduction number write on before note node note, indicate interim ascending, descending semitone；Each ascending, descending
It is number only effective to unisonance note node in same measure node；When same measure node sound not ascending, descending,
ASCII character and braille then are converted to according to standard control table before the note plus reduction number；
If step 2.2.13 is there is also next untreated measure node, return step 2.2.3 continues to traverse next
Measure node；
If step 2.2.14 is there is also next untreated part node, return step 2.2.2 continues to traverse next
Part node.
6. a kind of conversion method based on MusicXML music score to braille as claimed in claim 2, it is further characterized in that:
Step 3 carries out simplification processing for the braille music score that step 2 exports, specifically:
The processing of step 3.1 braille music score simplification；Using comparison " New International Manual of Braille
Music Notation " and national standard " China braille musical signs GB/T 16431-2008 " write a Chinese character in simplified form rule, to by upper
The result for stating step carries out simplification processing；
The typesetting and display of step 3.2 braille music score are handled；Default every row and shows that most small joint numbers are M, every page of display most multirow
Number is that N, every row show that most number formularies are R, and forward scan a, the braille music score of the side's a+1 braille composition, m, n, r respectively indicate scanning
When current line small joint number, the number formulary of the line number of current page and current line, initial value m=0, n=0, r=0；Often sweep to a side
Braille carries out a r++, judges whether to scan through braille music score, if circulation display music score is jumped out, if not then judgement is worked as
Whether preceding trifle terminates, if then m++, if not then then carrying out in next step；Judge that r >=R judges m >=M if invalid, if
It is invalid, next side's braille is continued to scan on, function BW (a, a+1) is used to judge current braille under as r >=R if setting up
Whether one braille is liaison, if that next line first party braille is added to current line by force is last and allow n+ by BW (a, a+1)=1
+, m=0, r=0, if BW (a, a+1)=0 directly allows n++, m=0, r=0；If judge n >=N it is invalid then scan it is next
Square braille allows if setting up and n=0 while setting up another one page and continue to scan on next side's braille；
The result treatment of step 3.3 braille music score；MusicXML music score is converted to braille music score by above step
ASCII character format and braille music score, wherein display and downloading may be selected in ASCII character, to may further be printed by braille
Equipment obtains the papery braille music score of latticed form.
7. a kind of conversion method based on MusicXML music score to braille as claimed in claim 6, it is further characterized in that:
The processing of step 3.1 braille music score simplification；Using comparison " New International Manual of Braille
Music Notation " and national standard " China braille musical signs GB/T 16431-2008 " write a Chinese character in simplified form rule, to by upper
The result for stating step carries out simplification processing；Specifically include the following steps:
3.1.1 the sound group number of braille music score is traversed, the sound group number is judged whether before first note, if
Do not simplify then before one note, is otherwise simplified；
3.1.2 two neighboring note xi、xj, sound group uses G (x respectivelyi)、G(xj) indicate, note degree uses ζ (x respectivelyi)、ζ
(xj) indicate, if G (xi)=G (xj) then as | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | sound group number is removed when≤5, | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | it is protected when >=6
Stay sound group number；If G (xi)≠G(xj) then as | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | sound group number is removed when≤3, | ζ (xi)-ζ(xj) | it is protected when >=4
Stay sound group number；
3.1.3 if several trifles, the summation tone group number before number before repeating to play, sing in other sound groups；If only repeat to play,
The several trifles of beginning of several trifles in front are sung, then omitting notation using number indicates；If duplicate contents need to be moved to other
Sound group, then the summation tone group number before several numbers of duplicate contents；
3.1.4 to the trifle S of braille music score1S2……Si……SnIt is traversed, if Si=Si+1Then Si+1It can be duplicate small
Save braille expression；
3.1.5 if according to works trifle S1S2……Si……SnWhich trifle is repeated, then uses demotion digital representation；If
Notation is omitted using number, then retains sound group number before first note；
3.1.6 judge trifle number of repetition, if be repeated twice, indicated using repeated number；If number of repetition is greater than three times
Or more than three times, then add digital representation after using repeated number；
3.1.7 if the repeated number of half trifle is clapped with one or half bat repeated number meets, must add between the two "(3)"；
3.1.8 if traversal braille music score when discovery have compartment repeatedly, repeatedly part with braille "(346……16)”
Mark, when occurring next time with braille "(5,346) " indicate；If from the beginning repeatedly, with braille " (345,
145,14,3) " indicate, if midway repeatedly, with braille "(345,145,234,3) " indicate；
3.1.9 when 4 dieresis (f) are a bat in each beat (T), every first 16 note clapped in (T)By practical duration
Write, others can simplify into 8 dieresis (f)；But 8 dieresis (f) before, or 16 inner dieresis of (T) are not clapped 1It cannot simplify；
3.1.10 8 dieresis (f) it is demisemiquaver in a beat (T) clappedThe short cut technique in 3.1.9 can be used, still
128 dieresisIt cannot simplify；
3.1.11 inner in the beat (T) that 4 points of dotted notes (f) are a bat, 6 16 notes can be usedSimplify for one group, if
DemisemiquaverIt can be simplified with 4 one group of method；If traversing rest cannot write a Chinese character in simplified form.
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