CN110389451B - Optical switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses an optical switching device, which relates to the field of optical information processing and can improve the filtering bandwidth. The device includes: at least one input and output device and an exchange engine; wherein, the input and output devices include: a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper, a dispersion direction spot amplifier device and a grating device sequentially distributed on the transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper , a dispersion direction light spot focusing device; further comprising: a first exchange direction focusing device between the filter spot shaper and the grating device; a second exchange direction focusing device between the grating device and the exchange engine; wherein the dispersion direction is perpendicular to the exchange direction, And both the dispersion direction and the exchange direction are perpendicular to the transmission optical axis.

Description

an optical switch

technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of optical information processing, and in particular, to an optical switching device.

Background technique

Long-distance high baud rate 200G/400G OTN (optical transport network), the new code type CS-16QAM or FTN-QPSK will be used to increase the transmission distance, and the signal baud rate will be greatly improved compared to the traditional PDM-16QAM. The spectral width is very close to or equal to the channel bandwidth. At the same time, the signal needs to be added and dropped through a multi-stage ROADM (reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer) composed of an optical wavelength selective switch (WSS). The number of WSS can reach 10 stages and 16 stages. level or even more. The bandwidth of the cascaded WSS decreases rapidly, resulting in excessive filtering cost and great damage to the signal. Therefore, it is necessary to design a high bandwidth WSS with high filtering steepness.

The first factor that affects the filter bandwidth of WSS is the ratio of the width of the switching engine occupied by the wavelength direction channel to the spot radius on the wavelength direction switching engine. The switching engine may be an LCOS (lquid crystal ON silicon, liquid crystal on silicon) or a MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system, micro-electromechanical system) chip. In order to improve the WSS filtering bandwidth, the width of the switching engine occupied by the wavelength direction channel can be increased, for example, a large-sized switching engine chip is used. Or reduce the spot radius in the wavelength direction of the switching engine. The large size of the switch engine chip will increase the volume of the WSS module, and reducing the spot radius will bring greater optical errors and assembly difficulties.

The second factor that affects the filter bandwidth of the WSS is the shape of the light spot on the switch engine. The traditional spot on the exchange engine is a Gaussian spot. Converting the Gaussian spot to a special spot, such as a uniformly distributed rectangular spot or a Gaussian spot close to a rectangular spot, will bring changes to the WSS filtering characteristics. Compared with the Gaussian spot WSS, the single-stage rectangular spot WSS has no advantages. Only in the case of cascading 10 stages, the 0dB to 3dB bandwidth is increased, but the 3dB to 22dB bandwidth is still poor in performance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The embodiments of the present application provide an optical switching device, which can improve the filtering bandwidth.

In a first aspect, an optical switching device is provided, comprising: at least one input and output device and a switching engine; wherein, the input and output device includes: a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper, which is sequentially distributed on the transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper The dispersion direction light spot amplifying device, grating device, and dispersion direction light spot focusing device; also include: a first exchange direction focusing device between the filter spot shaper and the grating device; a second exchange direction focusing device between the grating device and the exchange engine ; where the dispersion direction is perpendicular to the exchange direction, and both the dispersion direction and the exchange direction are perpendicular to the transmission optical axis; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper is used to receive the Gaussian optical signal sent by the first optical fiber, and convert the Gaussian optical signal into a quasi-rectangular filter Optical signal, wherein the light spot of the Gaussian light signal is a Gaussian light spot, exemplary, the quasi-rectangular filtered light signal has a quasi-rectangular filtered light spot feature or a Fourier transform form of the quasi-rectangular filtered light spot feature; the dispersion direction light spot amplifying device is used in the dispersion direction. The grating device is used to diffract the optical signals of different wavelengths in the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused in the dispersion direction by the dispersion direction beam spot amplifier device in the dispersion direction to form at least one dispersion direction in the dispersion direction. Light; the dispersion direction light spot focusing device is used to focus at least one dispersion direction of the dispersion light to the exchange engine, so that the exchange engine can change the transmission direction of the dispersion light in any dispersion direction and send it to other input and output devices and output through the second fiber the first switching direction focusing device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the grating device in the switching direction; the second switching direction focusing device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal focusing on the grating device on the switching engine in the switching direction, In order to facilitate the switching engine to change the transmission direction of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused on the switching engine in the switching direction, send it to other input and output devices and output through the second optical fiber; the amplitude of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine varies with the distribution The changing first slope changes continuously, and the absolute value of the first slope is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the second slope where the amplitude of the Gaussian spot changes with the distribution, the energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the spot radius on the switching engine The proportion of energy within the spot radius greater than the Gaussian spot.

In the above scheme, since the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper can convert the Gaussian optical signal sent by the optical fiber into the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal, and then transmit it to the switching engine in the dispersion direction and the switching direction respectively, and the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal in the switching engine. The amplitude of the light spot on the light source changes continuously with the first slope of the distribution change, and the absolute value of the first slope is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the second slope of the Gaussian spot amplitude change with the distribution change, the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the switching engine The energy ratio within the spot radius is greater than the energy ratio within the spot radius of the Gaussian spot. In this way, since the energy of the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the light spot on the switching engine converges to the central area of the light spot, the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal transmitted to the switching engine can reduce the edge energy beyond the radius of the light spot, compared with the Gaussian optical signal. Gaussian spot, the energy distribution of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal is more concentrated, and the amplitude changes more steeply with the distribution. For example, the amplitude of the light spot of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the switching engine varies continuously with the first slope K1 of the distribution change, and the absolute value of the first slope K1 is greater than or equal to the second slope K2 of the Gaussian spot amplitude with the distribution change. absolute value, where the amplitude of the Gaussian spot varies with the distribution of the second slope K2;

y为交换方向高斯光斑分布的坐标值，w₀为振幅降至最大值1/e时的光斑半径，x为色散方向高斯光斑分布的坐标值。准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上光斑半径以内的能量占比大于高斯光斑的光斑半径以内的能量占比。示例性的准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上在光斑半径以内的能量占总光斑能量比值大于91.1％，准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上的上述特征可存在于交换引擎的色散方向或者交换方向，也可同时存在于这个两个方向，这样在由于准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上的能量向光斑中心区域汇聚且振幅随分布变化更为陡峭，因此占用的通道带宽更小，因此在不改变交换引擎尺寸的情况下，可以容纳更多的信号能量，从而提高了滤波带宽。in,

y is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the exchange direction, w ₀ is the spot radius when the amplitude drops to the maximum value 1/e, and x is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the dispersion direction. The energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the radius of the light spot on the switching engine is larger than that of the Gaussian light spot within the radius of the light spot. The ratio of the energy within the radius of the spot to the total spot energy of the exemplary quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine is greater than 91.1%. The above-mentioned characteristics of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine may exist in the dispersion direction or the switching direction of the switching engine. , can also exist in these two directions at the same time, so that the energy of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine converges to the central area of the spot and the amplitude changes more steeply with the distribution, so the occupied channel bandwidth is smaller. In the case of changing the size of the switching engine, more signal energy can be accommodated, thereby increasing the filtering bandwidth.

Exemplarily, the spot shape of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the exchange engine presents a unilaterally clipped Gaussian spot; the spot amplitude distribution of the unilaterally clipped Gaussian spot in the exchange direction makes the spot energy distribution satisfy the following formula:

The energy of the unilaterally clipped Gaussian spot outside the spot radius in the dispersion direction is 0, and the amplitude distribution within the spot radius makes the spot energy distribution satisfy the following formula:

A is the highest value of the amplitude after energy normalization, y is the coordinate value of the spot distribution in the exchange direction, w ₀₁ is the spot radius when the amplitude is reduced to the maximum value of 1/e, and x is the coordinate value of the spot distribution in the dispersion direction.

The spot shape of the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the switching engine presents a conical spot; the energy of the conical spot outside the spot radius in the swap direction is 0, and the spot amplitude distribution of the conical spot in the swap direction makes the spot energy distribution satisfy the following formula:

The energy of the conical spot outside the spot radius in the dispersion direction is 0, and the amplitude distribution of the conical spot within the spot radius in the dispersion direction makes the spot energy distribution satisfy the following formula:

A is the highest amplitude value after energy normalization, y is the coordinate value of the spot distribution in the exchange direction, w ₀₂ is the radius of the spot, and x is the coordinate value of the spot distribution in the dispersion direction.

The spot shape of the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the exchange engine presents a circular clipping Gaussian spot; the spot amplitude distribution of the circular clipping Gaussian spot in the exchange direction makes the spot energy distribution satisfy the following formula:

The amplitude distribution of the circular cropped Gaussian spot within the spot radius of the dispersion direction makes the spot energy distribution satisfy the following formula:

A is the highest amplitude value after energy normalization, y is the coordinate value of the spot distribution in the exchange direction, w ₀₃ is the spot radius when the amplitude is reduced to the maximum value of 1/e, and x is the coordinate value of the spot distribution in the dispersion direction.

In an exemplary solution, a specific structure of a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper is provided. The quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper includes: a first phase-shifting device and a Fourier lens; the first phase-shifting device is used to receive a Gaussian optical signal, and configure the initial phase for the Gaussian optical signal; the Fourier lens is used to perform Fourier transform on the Gaussian optical signal configured with the initial phase to generate a quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal.

In addition, in an example, the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper further includes: a second phase-shifting device; the second phase-shifting device is configured to shape the phase of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal configuration. Thus, flexible control of the phase of the output signal of the aligned rectangular filter spot shaper is achieved.

In an exemplary solution, the first exchange-direction focusing device includes at least one level of exchange-direction lenses, and when the first exchange-direction focusing device includes more than two levels of exchange-direction lenses, a relay system can be formed, wherein the dispersion direction light spot The magnifying device is located between any adjacent two-stage interchangeable direction lenses.

In an exemplary solution, the dispersion-direction light spot focusing device is further used for focusing at least one dispersive light in the direction-changed dispersion direction to the grating device; The dispersion light is diffracted to the same transmission direction to form the first output light; the dispersion direction spot amplifier is used to transmit the first output light to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper is used to convert the spot shape of the first output light into The Gaussian light spot is output to the second optical fiber; the second switching direction focusing device is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal that changes the transmission direction of the switching engine in the switching direction to the grating device to form the second output light; the first switching direction focusing device The second output light passing through the grating device is transmitted to the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper; the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is used to convert the light spot shape of the second output light into a Gaussian light spot and output to the second optical fiber.

In an exemplary solution, a collimation device is provided between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper, and the collimation device is used to send the Gaussian optical signal input from the first optical fiber to the quasi-rectangular filter spot after collimation processing shaper; or, the collimating device is used for converging the first output light with a Gaussian spot shape to the second optical fiber; or, the collimating device is used for converging the second output light with a Gaussian spot shape to the second fiber .

In a second aspect, an optical switching device is provided, including: at least one input and output device and a switching engine; wherein the input and output device includes: a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper, which is sequentially distributed on the transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper. Dispersion direction spot amplifier device, grating device, dispersion direction spot focusing device; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper is used to receive the Gaussian optical signal of the first optical fiber, and convert the Gaussian optical signal into a quasi-rectangular filter optical signal, and the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal has The quasi-rectangular filter spot feature or the Fourier transform form of the quasi-rectangular filter spot feature; the dispersion direction light spot amplifier device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filter light signal on the grating device in the dispersion direction; the grating device is used for the dispersion direction spot amplifier The optical signals of different wavelengths in the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused in the dispersion direction are diffracted in the dispersion direction to form at least one dispersion light in the dispersion direction; , so that the exchange engine can exchange the dispersive light in any dispersion direction to other input and output devices and output it through the second optical fiber; the amplitude of the light spot of the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the exchange engine changes continuously with the first slope of the distribution change, and The absolute value of the first slope is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the second slope in which the amplitude of the Gaussian spot changes with the distribution, and the energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the radius of the spot on the exchange engine is greater than the energy within the radius of the Gaussian spot. proportion.

In an exemplary solution, the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper includes: a first phase-shifting device and a Fourier lens; the first phase-shifting device is used to receive a Gaussian optical signal and configure an initial phase for the Gaussian optical signal; The Lie lens is used to Fourier transform the Gaussian optical signal with the initial phase configured to generate a quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal. In an example, the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper further includes: a second phase-shifting device; the second phase-shifting device is configured to shape the phase of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal.

In an exemplary solution, the dispersion direction light spot focusing device is used to focus at least one dispersion light in the direction-changed dispersion direction to the grating device; The light is diffracted to the same transmission direction to form the first output light; the dispersion direction spot amplifier is used to transmit the first output light to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper is used to convert the spot shape of the first output light into Gaussian spot and output to the second fiber.

In an exemplary solution, a collimation device is provided between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper, and the collimation device is used to send the Gaussian optical signal input from the optical fiber to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper after collimation processing ; or, the collimating device is used for converging the first output light whose light spot shape is a Gaussian spot to the second optical fiber.

In a third aspect, an optical switching device is provided, comprising: at least one input and output device and a switching engine; wherein the input and output device includes: a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper, which is sequentially distributed on the transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper The first switching direction focusing device and the second switching direction focusing device; the quasi-rectangular filter light spot shaper is used to receive the Gaussian optical signal sent by the first optical fiber, and convert the Gaussian optical signal into the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal, and the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal has The quasi-rectangular filtering light spot feature or the Fourier transform form of the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot feature, wherein the light spot of the Gaussian light signal is a Gaussian light spot; the first switching direction focusing device is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtering light signal on the first switching direction The output side focus of the first switching direction focusing device; the second switching direction focusing device is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused on the output side focus of the first switching direction focusing device to the switching engine in the switching direction, so that the switching engine can The switching direction changes the transmission direction of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused on the switching engine and sends it to other input and output devices and outputs through the second optical fiber; the first slope of the amplitude of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine varies with the distribution Continuously changing, and the absolute value of the first slope is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the second slope of the Gaussian spot whose amplitude varies with the distribution, and the energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the radius of the spot on the exchange engine is greater than that of the Gaussian spot. The proportion of energy within the radius.

In an exemplary solution, the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper includes: a first phase-shifting device and a Fourier lens; the first phase-shifting device is used to receive a Gaussian optical signal and configure an initial phase for the Gaussian optical signal; The Lie lens is used to Fourier transform the Gaussian optical signal with the initial phase configured to generate a quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal. Exemplarily, the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper further includes: a second phase-shifting device; the second phase-shifting device is configured to shape the phase of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal.

In an exemplary solution, the first exchange-direction focusing device includes at least one level of exchange-direction lenses.

In an exemplary solution, the second switching direction focusing device is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal whose transmission direction is changed by the switching engine to the input side focus of the second switching direction focusing device in the switching direction to form the second output light The first switching direction focusing device is used to transmit the second output light to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper is used to convert the spot shape of the second output light into a Gaussian spot and output it to the second optical fiber.

In an exemplary solution, a collimation device is provided between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper, and the collimation device is used to send the Gaussian optical signal input from the optical fiber to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper after collimation processing or, the collimating device is used for converging the second output light with a Gaussian spot shape to the third optical fiber.

The technical effects that can be achieved by the optical switching devices provided in the second aspect and the third aspect are similar to those of the first aspect, and reference may be made to the relevant description of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a structural view 1 of an optical switching device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a second structural view of an optical switching device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of spot amplitude distribution in the dispersion direction of a unilaterally cropped Gaussian spot provided by an embodiment of the present application;

4 is a schematic diagram of the spot amplitude distribution in the exchange direction of a unilaterally cropped Gaussian spot provided by an embodiment of the present application;

5 is a schematic diagram of spot amplitude distribution in the dispersion direction of a circularly cropped Gaussian spot provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of spot amplitude distribution in the exchange direction of a circularly cropped Gaussian spot provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the light spot amplitude distribution in the dispersion direction of a conical light spot according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the light spot amplitude distribution in the exchange direction of a conical light spot according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a structural view 1 of an optical switching device according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a second structural view of an optical switching device according to another embodiment of the present application;

11 is a schematic structural diagram of a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper provided by an embodiment of the application;

12 is a graph of the amplitude of a conical light spot generated by a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper and the amplitude of a Gaussian light spot of a Gaussian light signal provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 13 is an initial phase φ diagram required to generate the conical light spot shown in FIG. 12 according to an embodiment of the present application;

14 is a graph of the amplitude of a unilaterally cropped Gaussian spot generated in the dispersion direction by a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper provided in an embodiment of the application and the amplitude of the Gaussian spot of a Gaussian optical signal;

15 is a graph of the amplitude of the Fourier transform form of a unilaterally clipped Gaussian spot generated by a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper in the exchange direction and the amplitude of the unilaterally clipped Gaussian spot according to an embodiment of the application;

16 is the phase of the output light spot after the input optical signal is processed by the first phase shift device a1 and the Fourier lens a2 by the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper provided in the embodiment of the application in the exchange direction;

FIG. 17 shows the output light spot of a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper provided by the embodiment of the application after the input optical signal is processed by the first phase-shifting device a1, the Fourier lens a2 and the second phase-shifting device a3 on the exchange side. phase;

FIG. 18 is the filtering of 0 dB to 6 dB (loss) of a single-stage optical switching device using a Gaussian light spot, a rectangular light spot, a single-side clipped Gaussian light spot, a circular clipped Gaussian light spot, and a conical light spot on a switching engine provided by an embodiment of the present application bandwidth;

19 is a single-stage optical switching device using a Gaussian light spot, a rectangular light spot, a single-side clipped Gaussian light spot, a circular clipped Gaussian light spot, and a conical light spot on the switching engine provided by the embodiment of the application. ), and the filter bandwidth of 0dB to 30dB (loss) when 50-stage cascaded optical switching devices using Gaussian spot, rectangular spot, single-side clipped Gaussian spot, circular clipped Gaussian spot and conical spot on the switch engine ;

FIG. 20 is a structural view 1 of an optical switching device according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 21 is a second structural view of an optical switching device provided by another embodiment of the application;

FIG. 22 is a third structural view of an optical switching device according to another embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "/" means or means, for example, A/B can mean A or B; "and/or" in this text is only a relationship to describe the related objects, Indicates that three relationships can exist, for example, A and/or B, can represent: A alone exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. Also, in the description of the present application, unless stated otherwise, "plurality" means two or more than two. In addition, for the convenience of clearly describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the “first” and “second” in the embodiments of the present application are used to distinguish different objects, or to distinguish different processing of the same object , rather than a specific order for describing objects.

1 and 2, the optical switching device 10 includes: a switching engine 11 and at least one input and output device 12 (12-1, 12-2, . The function description is as follows: the input and output device 12-1 is connected to the optical fiber 13-1 to transmit the optical signal input by the optical fiber 13-1 to the switching engine 11, and the input optical signal is deflected by the switching engine 11 by the required angle and then passes through The other input and output devices 12-n are transmitted to the output of other optical fibers 13-n, thereby realizing the optical switching function. The directions of the arrows of the input and output devices 12-1 to 12-n do not represent the light input direction. It is understandable that the input and output devices can be used for both input and output of light.

Specifically, the input and output device 12 includes: a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121, a dispersion-direction spot amplifying device 122, a grating device 123, and a dispersion-direction spot focusing device 124 sequentially distributed on the transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 and the exchange engine 11; further comprising: a first exchange direction focusing device 125 between the filter spot shaper 121 and the grating device 123; a second exchange direction focusing device 126 between the grating device 123 and the exchange engine 11; wherein the dispersion direction is the same as the The exchange direction is perpendicular, and both the dispersion direction and the exchange direction are perpendicular to the optical axis;

Based on the structure of the above-mentioned optical switching device 10, the functions of each part of the structure are described as follows:

The quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is configured to receive the Gaussian optical signal sent by the first optical fiber, and convert the Gaussian optical signal into a quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal, wherein the spot of the Gaussian optical signal is a Gaussian spot, wherein, in the embodiments of the present application The quasi-rectangular filtered light signal has the quasi-rectangular filter spot feature or the Fourier transform form of the quasi-rectangular filter spot feature. Rectangular light spots should all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

The quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 may be composed of diffractive elements, refractive elements, lenses or elements with a specific clear aperture. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a collimating device 127 is arranged between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121, and the collimating device 127 is used for collimating the Gaussian optical signal input by the optical fiber and sending it to the quasi-rectangular filter. Filter spot shaper 121 .

Among them, the processing process of aligning the rectangular filtering optical signal in the dispersion direction is as follows: the dispersion direction light spot amplifying device 122 is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the grating device 123 in the dispersion direction; In the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused in the dispersion direction, the optical signals of different wavelengths are diffracted in the dispersion direction to form at least one dispersion light in the dispersion direction; 11, so that the switching engine 11 can change the dispersive light in any one of the dispersive directions to transmit it to other input and output devices and output it through the second optical fiber.

The quasi-rectangular filtered light signal of the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is focused to the grating device 123 through the dispersion-direction spot amplifying device 122 . For the focal length f1, the distance between the light spot amplifying device 122 in the dispersion direction and the grating device 123 is also the focal length f2 of the light spot amplifying device 122 in the dispersion direction. The grating device 123 diffracts the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signals of different wavelengths along the dispersion direction to generate angular dispersion, and is then focused to the switching engine 11 through the dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 . The distance between the grating device 123 and the dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 is the focal length f3 of the dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 , and the distance between the dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 and the switching engine 11 is also the focal length f4 of the dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 . The shape of the light spot on the grating device 123 of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal is the Fourier transform shape of the shape of the light spot on the switching engine 11 . The dispersion direction light spot amplifying device 122 and the dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 constitute a 4f system.

The processing process of aligning the rectangular filtered optical signal in the switching direction is as follows: the first switching direction focusing device 125 is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the grating device 123 in the switching direction; the second switching direction focusing device 126 is used for switching The direction focuses the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused on the grating device 123 on the switching engine 11, so that the switching engine 11 changes the transmission direction of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused on the switching engine 11 and sends it to other input and output devices. output through the second fiber.

The quasi-rectangular filtered light signal of the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is focused to the grating device 123 through the first exchange direction focusing device 125, and the distance from the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 to the first exchange direction focusing device 125 is the first exchange direction focusing device The focal length f1 of the device 125 and the distance between the focusing device 125 in the first exchange direction and the grating device 123 are also the focal length f2 of the grating device 123 . The second switching direction focusing device 126 focuses the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused on the grating device 11 to the switching engine 11 in the switching direction. In the exchange direction, the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal directly passes through the grating device 11, and the grating device 11 has no diffraction effect. The distance between the grating device 123 and the second exchange direction focusing device 126 is the focal length f3 of the second exchange direction focusing device 126, The distance between the second switching direction focusing device 126 and the switching engine 11 is also the focal length f4 of the second switching direction focusing device 126 . Among them, the light spot shape of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the grating device 123 is the Fourier transform shape of the light spot shape on the switching engine 11 . The first switching direction focusing device 125 and the second switching direction focusing device 126 constitute a 4f system. The switching engine 11 can deflect the propagation direction of the light beam and switch the light beam to the desired output of the input and output device.

Wherein, the first slope K1 of the light spot of the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the switching engine 11 changes continuously with the distribution, and the absolute value of the first slope K1 is greater than or equal to the second slope K2 of the Gaussian spot's amplitude that changes with the distribution. Absolute value, where the amplitude of the Gaussian spot varies with the distribution of the second slope K2.

y为交换方向高斯光斑分布的坐标值，w₀为振幅降至最大值1/e时的光斑半径，x为色散方向高斯光斑分布的坐标值。这样，准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上的光斑半径以内的能量占比大于高斯光斑的光斑半径以内的能量占比。示例性的准矩形滤波光信号在光斑半径以内的能量占总光斑能量比值大于91.1％，甚至100％。in,

y is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the exchange direction, w ₀ is the spot radius when the amplitude drops to the maximum value 1/e, and x is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the dispersion direction. In this way, the energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the radius of the light spot on the switching engine is larger than that of the energy within the radius of the light spot of the Gaussian light spot. The ratio of the energy of the exemplary quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the radius of the spot to the total spot energy is greater than 91.1%, or even 100%.

A为能量归一化后的振幅最高值，y为交换方向光斑分布的坐标值，w₀₁为振幅降至最大值1/e时的光斑半径；色散方向光斑半径以外能量为0，光斑半径以内振幅服从高斯分布

x为色散方向光斑分布的坐标值。The light spot shape of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine 11 presents any one of the following: a single-side clipping Gaussian light spot, a conical light spot, and a circular clipping Gaussian light spot. Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 3, the spot amplitude distribution in the dispersion direction of the unilaterally clipped Gaussian spot is shown, and FIG. 4 shows the spot amplitude distribution in the exchange direction of the unilaterally clipped Gaussian spot; the spot amplitude distribution in the exchange direction still obeys the Gaussian distribution.

A is the highest value of the amplitude after energy normalization, y is the coordinate value of the spot distribution in the exchange direction, w ₀₁ is the spot radius when the amplitude is reduced to the maximum value of 1/e; the energy outside the spot radius in the dispersion direction is 0, within the spot radius The amplitude follows a Gaussian distribution

x is the coordinate value of the light spot distribution in the dispersion direction.

交换方向光斑半径以外能量都为0，光斑半径以内振幅服从高斯分布

w₀₃为光斑能量下降为0时的光斑半径。整体而言，光斑半径以外能量都为0，光斑半径以内振幅服从高斯分布

w₀₃为振幅降至最大值1/e时的光斑半径。Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 5, the spot amplitude distribution in the dispersion direction of the circularly clipped Gaussian spot is shown, and FIG. 6 is the spot amplitude distribution in the exchange direction of the circularly clipped Gaussian spot; the energy beyond the spot radius in the dispersion direction is 0, and the spot The amplitude within the radius follows a Gaussian distribution

The energy outside the spot radius in the exchange direction is 0, and the amplitude within the spot radius obeys a Gaussian distribution

w ₀₃ is the spot radius when the spot energy drops to 0. Overall, the energy outside the spot radius is 0, and the amplitude within the spot radius obeys a Gaussian distribution

w ₀₃ is the spot radius when the amplitude falls to the maximum value 1/e.

交换方向光斑半径以外能量都为0，光斑半径以内振幅服从线性分布

整体而言，光斑半径以外能量都为0，光斑半径以内振幅服从高斯分布

w₀₂为光斑能量下降为0时的光斑半径。Exemplarily, referring to Fig. 7 shows the light spot amplitude distribution in the dispersion direction of the conical light spot, and Fig. 8 shows the light spot amplitude distribution in the direction of the conical light spot exchange; follow a linear distribution

The energy outside the spot radius in the exchange direction is 0, and the amplitude within the spot radius obeys a linear distribution

Overall, the energy outside the spot radius is 0, and the amplitude within the spot radius obeys a Gaussian distribution

w ₀₂ is the spot radius when the spot energy drops to 0.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the positional relationship between the dispersion direction light spot amplifying device 122 and the first switching direction focusing device 125 , nor do they limit the positions of the dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 and the second switching direction focusing device 126 . The relationship shown in the legend is only a positional relationship, and their positional relationship only needs to satisfy the above-mentioned two 4f systems. In addition, it should be noted that since the dispersion direction is perpendicular to the exchange direction, when the optical signal passes through the dispersion direction light spot amplifying device 122, as shown in FIG. The light spot works; similarly, when the light signal passes through the light spot focusing device 124 in the dispersion direction, as shown in FIG. When exchanging the direction focusing device 125, as shown in FIG. 1, the first exchanging direction focusing device 125 is equivalent to a cylindrical lens and does not act on the light spot in its dispersion direction; when the optical signal passes through the second exchanging direction focusing device 126, referring to FIG. As shown in 1, the second exchange-direction focusing device 126 is equivalent to a cylindrical lens, and does not act on the light spot in the dispersion direction. The above-mentioned dispersion direction light spot amplifying device 122 , dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 , first switching direction focusing device 125 , and second switching direction focusing device 126 may all be composed of separate lenses or lens groups.

In the above scheme, since the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper can convert the Gaussian optical signal sent by the optical fiber into the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal, and then transmit it to the switching engine in the dispersion direction and the switching direction respectively, and the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal in the switching engine. The amplitude of the light spot on the light source changes continuously with the first slope of the distribution change, and the absolute value of the first slope is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the second slope of the Gaussian spot amplitude change with the distribution change, the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the switching engine The energy ratio within the spot radius is greater than the energy ratio within the spot radius of the Gaussian spot. In this way, since the energy of the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the light spot on the switching engine converges to the central area of the light spot, the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal transmitted to the switching engine can reduce the edge energy beyond the radius of the light spot, compared with the Gaussian optical signal. Gaussian spot, the energy distribution of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal is more concentrated, and the amplitude changes more steeply with the distribution. For example, the amplitude of the light spot of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the switching engine varies continuously with the first slope K1 of the distribution change, and the absolute value of the first slope K1 is greater than or equal to the second slope K2 of the Gaussian spot amplitude with the distribution change. absolute value, where the amplitude of the Gaussian spot varies with the distribution of the second slope K2;

y为交换方向高斯光斑分布的坐标值，w₀为振幅降至最大值1/e时的光斑半径，x为色散方向高斯光斑分布的坐标值。准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上光斑半径以内的能量占比大于高斯光斑的光斑半径以内的能量占比。示例性的准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上在光斑半径以内的能量占总光斑能量比值大于91.1％，准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上的上述特征可存在于交换引擎的色散方向或者交换方向，也可同时存在于这个两个方向，这样在由于准矩形滤波光信号在交换引擎上的能量向光斑中心区域汇聚且振幅随分布变化更为陡峭，因此占用的通道带宽更小，因此在不改变交换引擎尺寸的情况下，可以容纳更多的信号能量，从而提高了滤波带宽。in,

y is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the exchange direction, w ₀ is the spot radius when the amplitude drops to the maximum value 1/e, and x is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the dispersion direction. The energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the radius of the light spot on the switching engine is larger than that of the Gaussian light spot within the radius of the light spot. The ratio of the energy within the radius of the spot to the total spot energy of the exemplary quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine is greater than 91.1%. The above-mentioned characteristics of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine may exist in the dispersion direction or the switching direction of the switching engine. , can also exist in these two directions at the same time, so that the energy of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine converges to the central area of the spot and the amplitude changes more steeply with the distribution, so the occupied channel bandwidth is smaller. In the case of changing the size of the switching engine, more signal energy can be accommodated, thereby increasing the filtering bandwidth.

In addition, the output of at least one dispersive ray in the direction-converted dispersion direction and the output of the at least one dispersive ray in the direction-converted direction converted by the exchange engine is described as follows:

The dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 is also used for focusing at least one dispersive light in the direction-changed dispersion direction to the grating device 123; The direction forms the first output light; the dispersion direction spot amplifier 122 is used to transmit the first output light to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is used to convert the spot shape of the first output light into a Gaussian spot And output to the second fiber;

The second switching direction focusing device 126 is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal whose transmission direction is changed by the switching engine 11 to the grating device 123 in the switching direction to form the second output light; the first switching direction focusing device 125 is used to transmit the light transmitted through the grating The second output light of the device 123 is transmitted to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is used to convert the spot shape of the second output light into a Gaussian spot and output to the second optical fiber.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , when a collimating device 127 is arranged between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121, the collimating device 127 is used for converging the first output light with a Gaussian spot shape to the second output light. optical fiber; or, the collimating device 127 is used for converging the second output light whose light spot shape is a Gaussian spot to the second optical fiber.

9 and 10, in another solution, the first exchange direction focusing device 125 includes at least one level exchange direction lens, wherein the dispersion direction light spot magnifying device 122 is located between any adjacent two levels of exchange direction lenses . Wherein, in Figures 9 and 10, the first exchange-direction focusing device 125 includes two-stage exchange-direction lenses, a lens a and a lens b.

The solution shown in FIG. 9 is similar to the solution shown in FIG. 1 above, and the dispersion-direction light spot amplifying device 122 and the dispersion-direction light spot focusing device 124 form a 4f system, which will not be repeated here. As shown in FIG. 10 , the quasi-rectangular filtered light signal differentiated from the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is focused to the grating device 123 through the relay system formed by the lens a and the lens b. Since the first exchange direction focusing device 125 includes two-stage lenses, Therefore, the light spot shape on the exchange engine 11 is a quasi-rectangular filter light spot that exchanges the light spot in the direction. The light spot shape of the quasi-rectangular filtered light signal on the switching engine 11 is the Fourier transform shape of the light spot shape output by the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper 121 in the switching direction. That is, the shapes of the light spots output by the quasi-rectangular filter light spot shaper 121 may be the same, or have a Fourier transform relationship with each other.

11, the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 includes: a first phase shifting device a1 and a Fourier lens a2;

The first phase-shifting device a1 is used to receive the Gaussian optical signal and configure the initial phase for the Gaussian optical signal; the Fourier lens a2 is used to perform Fourier transform on the Gaussian optical signal configured with the initial phase to generate a quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal .

Exemplarily, with the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper of the Gerchberg-Saxton Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA), the Gaussian spot of the Gaussian optical signal is loaded with the initial phase φ through the first phase-shifting device a1 (such as a phase plate), and passes through the Fourier After the transformation of the leaf lens a2, the spot amplitude of the generated quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal becomes a quasi-rectangular filtered spot shape. At the same time, referring to FIG. 11 , the phase of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal can be adjusted by further configuring the shaping phase θ for the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal through the second phase shifting device a3 (eg, a phase plate).

As shown in FIG. 12, a graph showing the amplitude of the conical spot generated for the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper based on the iterative Fourier transform algorithm is shown as a graph of the amplitude of the Gaussian spot of the Gaussian light signal, and FIG. 13 shows the generation of this The initial phase φ required for the conical spot. It can be seen that the slope of the cone-shaped spot amplitude changes with the distribution is continuous and the absolute value is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the corresponding Gaussian spot amplitude changes with the distribution. The single-sided clipped Gaussian spot and the circular clipped Gaussian spot can also be generated by the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper, and the corresponding initial phase φ is generated by the iterative Fourier transform algorithm.

Fig. 14 shows the amplitude of the one-sided clipping Gaussian spot produced by the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper based on the iterative Fourier transform algorithm of the optical switching device shown in Figs. 9 and 10 and the amplitude of the Gaussian spot of the Gaussian optical signal in the dispersion direction Graph. It can be seen that the slope of the unilateral clipping Gaussian spot amplitude with the distribution is continuous and the absolute value is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the corresponding Gaussian spot amplitude with the distribution. FIG. 15 shows the amplitude and single-sided Fourier transform of the single-sided clipped Gaussian spot produced by the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper based on the iterative Fourier transform algorithm of the optical switching device shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in the switching direction. Amplitude plot of a clipped Gaussian spot. The mathematical expression of the amplitude of the Fourier transform form of the single-sided clipping Gaussian spot produced by the exchange of directions is the convolution of the Gaussian function Fourier transform and the rectangular function Fourier transform:

conv[FT(gaussian),FT(rectangular)],

Figure 16 shows its phase. The shape of the spot in the exchange direction of the exchange engine is a single-sided clipped Gaussian spot, and the phase is a continuous flat phase. Figure 16 shows the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper based on the iterative Fourier transform algorithm in the exchange direction. The phase of the output light spot after processing by the phase device a1 and the Fourier lens a2. It can be seen that the second phase shifting device a3 is still required to correct the phase of the light spot to the required phase shown in FIG. 17 .

Figure 18 shows the filter bandwidth from 0dB to 6dB (loss) for a single-stage optical switch with Gaussian spot, rectangular spot, single-side clipped Gaussian spot, circular clipped Gaussian spot, and cone spot on the switch engine, with a channel bandwidth of 50GHz . It can be seen that the three optical switching devices based on quasi-rectangular filtering spots have steeper filtering bandwidths than the optical switching devices based on Gaussian and rectangular light spots, which can reduce the optical signal filtering damage. Compared with the optical switching device based on the Gaussian spot, the optical switching device based on the quasi-rectangular filter spot can improve the bandwidth by 0.1dB and exceed 1GHz. Compared with the unilaterally cropped Gaussian light spot, the circular cropped Gaussian spot can improve the filtering bandwidth of the optical switching device, so it is more advantageous to use the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot in the wavelength direction and the switching direction at the same time.

Figure 19 shows the filter bandwidth from 0dB to 30dB (loss) of a single-stage optical switch with Gaussian, rectangular, single-edge-clipped Gaussian, circular-clipped, and tapered optical switches on the switching engine, channel The bandwidth is 50GHz. It is shown that the three optical switching devices based on the quasi-rectangular filter spot have a steeper filter roll-off in the range of 6dB to 30dB than the optical switching devices based on Gaussian and rectangular light spots, which can reduce the crosstalk of adjacent channels. At the same time, Figure 19 shows the filter bandwidth of 0dB to 30dB (loss) when 50-stage cascaded optical switching devices using Gaussian spot, rectangular spot, single-side clipped Gaussian spot, circular clipped Gaussian spot and conical spot on the switching engine are used. . It can be seen that the cascade filtering of the three optical switching devices based on the quasi-rectangular filter spot has a higher bandwidth than the cascade filtering of the optical switching device based on the Gaussian spot and the rectangular spot, which can reduce the optical signal filtering damage.

20, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical switching device, including: at least one input and output device 12 and a switching engine 11; wherein the input and output device 12 includes: a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121, which are sequentially distributed in The quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 transmits the dispersion direction spot amplifying device 122, the grating device 123, and the dispersion direction spot focusing device 124 on the optical axis; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is used to receive the Gaussian light signal of the first fiber, and convert The Gaussian optical signal is converted into a quasi-rectangular filter optical signal; the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal has the quasi-rectangular filter spot feature or the Fourier transform form of the quasi-rectangular filter spot feature, and the spot of the Gaussian optical signal is a Gaussian spot; the dispersion direction spot amplifier 122 The grating device 123 is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal in the dispersion direction on the grating device; the grating device 123 is used to diffract the optical signals of different wavelengths in the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused in the dispersion direction by the optical spot amplifier device 122 in the dispersion direction. At least one dispersion light in the dispersion direction; the dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 is used to focus at least one dispersion light in the dispersion direction to the exchange engine 11, so that the exchange engine 11 can exchange the dispersion light in any dispersion direction to other input and output devices and Output through the second optical fiber; the amplitude of the quasi-rectangular filter optical signal on the switching engine 11 varies continuously with the first slope of the distribution change, and the absolute value of the first slope is greater than or equal to the second change of the Gaussian spot amplitude with the distribution. The absolute value of the slope, the energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the spot radius of the switching engine 11 is greater than the energy ratio within the spot radius of the Gaussian spot.

The output of the dispersive rays in at least one transformed dispersive direction converted by the switching engine is described as follows:

The dispersion direction light spot focusing device 124 is used for focusing at least one dispersive light in the direction-changed dispersion direction to the grating device 123; form the first output light; the dispersion direction spot amplifier 122 is used to transmit the first output light to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is used to convert the spot shape of the first output light into a Gaussian spot and output to the second fiber.

Wherein, a collimation device 127 is arranged between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121, and the collimation device 127 is used to send the Gaussian optical signal input by the optical fiber to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 after collimation processing; or, The collimating device 127 is used for converging the first output light whose light spot shape is a Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber.

In addition, the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper may include the structure shown in FIG. 12 above.

Referring to FIG. 21 , an embodiment of the present application provides an optical switching device, including: at least one input and output device 12 and a switching engine 11;

The input and output device 12 includes: a quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121, a first exchange direction focusing device 125 and a second exchange direction focusing device 126 that are sequentially distributed on the transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121; The rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is used to receive the Gaussian optical signal sent by the first optical fiber, and convert the Gaussian optical signal into a quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal, and the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal has a quasi-rectangular filter spot feature or a Fourier of the quasi-rectangular filter spot feature. Liye transformation form, the light spot of the Gaussian optical signal is a Gaussian light spot; the first switching direction focusing device 125 is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the output side focus of the first switching direction focusing device 125 in the switching direction; the second switching direction The focusing device 126 focuses the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal focused on the output side focus of the first switching direction focusing device 123 to the switching engine 11 in the switching direction, so that the switching engine 11 will focus the quasi-rectangular filtering of the switching engine 11 in the switching direction After changing the transmission direction, the optical signal is sent to other input and output devices and output through the second optical fiber; the amplitude of the light spot of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal on the switching engine 11 changes continuously with the first slope of the distribution change, and the absolute value of the first slope Greater than or equal to the absolute value of the second slope in which the amplitude of the Gaussian spot changes with the distribution, the energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal within the spot radius on the exchange engine is greater than the energy ratio within the spot radius of the Gaussian spot.

It should be noted that the focus of the output side of the first switching direction focusing device 123 coincides with the input side focus of the second switching direction focusing device 126, wherein the output side focus of the first switching direction focusing device 123 is located in the grating provided in the above embodiment on the plane where the device is located.

The output of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal after the transmission direction is changed by the switching engine is explained as follows:

The second switching direction focusing device 126 is used to focus the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal whose transmission direction is changed by the switching engine 11 to the input side focus of the second switching direction focusing device 126 in the switching direction to form the second output light; the first switching direction focuses The device 122 is used to transmit the second output light to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper; the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 is used to convert the spot shape of the second output light into a Gaussian spot and output to the second optical fiber.

Wherein, a collimation device 127 is arranged between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121, and the collimation device 127 is used to send the Gaussian optical signal input by the optical fiber to the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper 121 after collimation processing; or, The collimating device 127 is used for converging the second output light whose light spot shape is a Gaussian spot to the second optical fiber.

Referring to FIG. 22, the first exchange direction focusing device 125 includes at least one level exchange direction lens. The figure shows that the first exchange-direction focusing device 125 includes two-stage exchange-direction lenses, lens a and lens b.

In addition, the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper may include the structure shown in FIG. 12 above.

The specific working principle of the optical switching device shown in Figures 20 and 21 is similar to the optical switching device shown in Figures 1 and 2 above, except that the optical switching device shown in Figure 20 is only used for processing the dispersion direction of the input light. FIG. 21 is only used for processing the switching direction of the input light, the principle and the effect achieved can refer to the corresponding parts of the description of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , which will not be repeated here.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. should be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (21)

1. An optical switching apparatus, comprising: at least one input-output device and a switching engine;

wherein the input-output device includes: the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is sequentially distributed on a dispersion direction light spot amplifying device, a grating device and a dispersion direction light spot focusing device on a transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper; further comprising: a first exchange direction focusing device between the filter spot shaper and the grating device; a second swap direction focusing device between the grating device and the swap engine; wherein the dispersion direction is perpendicular to the switching direction, and the dispersion direction and the switching direction are both perpendicular to the transmission optical axis;

the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is used for receiving a Gaussian light signal sent by a first optical fiber and converting the Gaussian light signal into a quasi-rectangular filtering light signal, the quasi-rectangular filtering light signal has a quasi-rectangular filtering light spot characteristic or a Fourier transform form of the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot characteristic, and a light spot of the Gaussian light signal is a Gaussian light spot;

the dispersion direction light spot amplifying device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the grating device in the dispersion direction;

the grating device is used for diffracting optical signals with different wavelengths in the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signals focused by the dispersion direction light spot amplifying device in the dispersion direction to form at least one dispersion light in the dispersion direction;

the dispersion direction light spot focusing device is used for focusing the at least one dispersion light ray in the dispersion direction on the switching engine, so that the switching engine can convert the dispersion light ray in any dispersion direction into a transmission direction and then send the transmission direction to other input and output devices and output the transmission direction through a second optical fiber;

the first exchange direction focusing device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the grating device in an exchange direction;

the second switching direction focusing device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal focused on the grating device on the switching engine in the switching direction, so that the switching engine converts the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal focused on the switching engine in the switching direction into a transmission direction and then sends the transmission direction to other input and output devices and outputs the transmission direction through the second optical fiber;

a first slope K1 of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal's spot amplitude variation with distribution on the switching engine varies continuously and the absolute value of the first slope K1 is greater than or equal to the absolute value of a second slope K2 of the Gaussian spot's amplitude variation with distribution, wherein,

y is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the exchange direction, w₀The optical spot radius when the amplitude is reduced to the maximum value 1/e, x is the coordinate value of the Gaussian optical spot distribution in the dispersion direction, and the energy ratio of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal within the optical spot radius on the switching engineAnd the energy ratio is larger than the energy ratio within the spot radius of the Gaussian spot.

2. The optical switching device of claim 1 wherein the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal has an energy content within a spot radius of the switching engine of greater than 91.1%.

3. The optical switching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal exhibits a single-edge clipped gaussian spot in a spot shape on the switching engine;

the light spot amplitude distribution of the single-edge cutting Gaussian light spot in the exchange direction enables the light spot energy distribution to meet the following formula:

the energy of the single-edge cutting Gaussian spot in the dispersion direction is 0 outside the spot radius, and the energy distribution of the spot meets the following formula due to the amplitude distribution within the spot radius:

a is the maximum amplitude value after energy normalization, y is the coordinate value of the light spot distribution in the exchange direction, w₀₁The spot radius when the amplitude is reduced to the maximum value of 1/e, and x is a coordinate value of the spot distribution in the dispersion direction.

4. The optical switching apparatus of claim 1 wherein the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal exhibits a cone-shaped spot in a spot shape on the switching engine;

the energy of the conical light spot in the exchange direction is 0 except the light spot radius, and the light spot amplitude distribution of the conical light spot in the exchange direction enables the light spot energy distribution to meet the following formula:

the energy of the conical light spot outside the light spot radius in the dispersion direction is 0, and the amplitude distribution of the conical light spot within the light spot radius in the dispersion direction enables the light spot energy distribution to meet the following formula:

a is the maximum amplitude value after energy normalization, y is the coordinate value of the light spot distribution in the exchange direction, w₀₂The spot radius when the spot energy is reduced to 0, and x is a coordinate value of the distribution of the spot in the dispersion direction.

5. The optical switching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal has a round clipped gaussian spot in a spot shape on the switching engine;

the light spot amplitude distribution of the round cutting Gaussian light spots in the exchange direction enables the light spot energy distribution to meet the following formula:

the amplitude distribution within the spot radius of the circular cutting Gaussian spot in the dispersion direction enables the energy distribution of the spot to meet the following formula:

a is the maximum amplitude value after energy normalization, y is the coordinate value of the light spot distribution in the exchange direction, w₀₃The spot radius when the spot energy is reduced to 0, and x is a coordinate value of the distribution of the spot in the dispersion direction.

6. The optical switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

the quasi-rectangular filtering spot shaper comprises: a first phase shifting device and a Fourier lens;

the first phase shifting device is used for receiving the Gaussian optical signal and configuring an initial phase for the Gaussian optical signal;

the Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transformation on the Gaussian optical signal configured with the initial phase to generate the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal.

7. The optical switching device according to claim 6,

the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper further comprises: a second phase shifting device;

the second phase shifting device is used for configuring a shaping phase for the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal.

8. The optical switching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first switching direction focusing device comprises at least one stage of switching direction lenses, and wherein the dispersion direction spot enlarging device is located between any adjacent two stages of switching direction lenses.

9. The optical switching device according to claim 1,

the dispersion direction light spot focusing device is also used for focusing the at least one dispersion direction dispersed light ray after the direction is changed to the grating device;

the grating device is used for diffracting the focused dispersive light in the at least one dispersion direction after the conversion direction to the same transmission direction to form first output light;

the dispersion direction light spot amplifier is used for transmitting the first output light to the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper;

the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is used for converting the light spot form of the first output light into a Gaussian light spot and outputting the Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber;

the second exchange direction focusing device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal of which the transmission direction is changed by the exchange engine to the grating device in the exchange direction to form second output light;

the first exchange direction focusing device is used for transmitting the second output light penetrating through the grating device to the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper;

and the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is used for converting the light spot form of the second output light into a Gaussian light spot and outputting the Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber.

10. The optical switching device according to claim 9,

a collimating device is arranged between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper and is used for sending a Gaussian light signal input by the first optical fiber to the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper after being collimated;

or the collimating device is used for converging the first output light with the light spot shape of a Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber;

or the collimating device is used for converging the second output light with the light spot shape of a Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber.

11. An optical switching apparatus, comprising: at least one input-output device and a switching engine;

wherein the input-output device comprises thereon: the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is sequentially distributed on a dispersion direction light spot amplifying device, a grating device and a dispersion direction light spot focusing device on a transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper;

the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is used for receiving a Gaussian light signal of a first optical fiber and converting the Gaussian light signal into a quasi-rectangular filtering light signal, wherein the quasi-rectangular filtering light signal has a quasi-rectangular filtering light spot characteristic or a Fourier transform form of the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot characteristic, and a light spot of the Gaussian light signal is a Gaussian light spot;

the dispersion direction light spot amplifying device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on the grating device in the dispersion direction;

the grating device is used for diffracting optical signals with different wavelengths in the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signals focused by the dispersion direction light spot amplifying device in the dispersion direction to form at least one dispersion light in the dispersion direction;

the dispersion direction light spot focusing device is used for focusing the at least one dispersion direction dispersion light ray on the switching engine, so that the switching engine can switch any dispersion direction dispersion light ray to other input and output devices and output the dispersion direction dispersion light ray through a second optical fiber;

a first slope K1 of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal's spot amplitude variation with distribution on the switching engine varies continuously and the absolute value of the first slope K1 is greater than or equal to the absolute value of a second slope K2 of the Gaussian spot's amplitude variation with distribution, wherein,

y is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the exchange direction, w₀The energy proportion of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal within the spot radius of the switching engine is larger than that of the Gaussian spot within the spot radius of the Gaussian spot.

12. The optical switching device according to claim 11,

the quasi-rectangular filtering spot shaper comprises: a first phase shifting device and a Fourier lens;

the first phase shifting device is used for receiving the Gaussian optical signal and configuring an initial phase for the Gaussian optical signal;

the Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transformation on the Gaussian optical signal configured with the initial phase to generate a quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal.

13. The optical switching device according to claim 11,

the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper further comprises: a second phase shifting device;

the second phase shifting device is used for configuring a shaping phase for the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal.

14. The optical switching device according to any one of claims 11 to 13,

the dispersion direction light spot focusing device is used for focusing the at least one dispersion direction dispersed light ray after the direction is changed to the grating device;

the grating device is used for diffracting the focused dispersive light in the at least one dispersion direction after the conversion direction to the same transmission direction to form first output light;

the dispersion direction light spot amplifier is used for transmitting the first output light to the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper;

and the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is used for converting the light spot form of the first output light into a Gaussian light spot and outputting the Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber.

15. The optical switching device of claim 14,

a collimating device is arranged between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper and is used for sending a Gaussian light signal input by the first optical fiber to the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper after being collimated;

or the collimating device is used for converging the first output light with the light spot shape of a Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber.

16. An optical switching apparatus, comprising: at least one input-output device and a switching engine;

wherein the input-output device comprises thereon: the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is sequentially distributed on a first exchange direction focusing device and a second exchange direction focusing device on a transmission optical axis of the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper;

the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is used for receiving a Gaussian light signal sent by a first optical fiber and converting the Gaussian light signal into a quasi-rectangular filtering light signal, wherein the quasi-rectangular filtering light signal has a quasi-rectangular filtering light spot characteristic or a Fourier transform form of the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot characteristic, and a light spot of the Gaussian light signal is a Gaussian light spot;

the first exchange direction focusing device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal on an output side focal point of the first exchange direction focusing device in an exchange direction;

the second switching direction focusing device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal focused on the output side focus of the first switching direction focusing device on the switching engine in the switching direction, so that the switching engine converts the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal focused on the switching engine in the switching direction into the transmission direction and then sends the transmission direction to other input and output devices and outputs the transmission direction through a second optical fiber;

a first slope K1 of the quasi-rectangular filtered optical signal's spot amplitude variation with distribution on the switching engine varies continuously and the absolute value of the first slope K1 is greater than or equal to the absolute value of a second slope K2 of the Gaussian spot's amplitude variation with distribution, wherein,

y is the coordinate value of the Gaussian spot distribution in the exchange direction, w₀The energy proportion of the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal within the spot radius of the switching engine is larger than that of the Gaussian spot within the spot radius of the Gaussian spot.

17. The optical switching device of claim 16,

the quasi-rectangular filtering spot shaper comprises: a first phase shifting device and a Fourier lens;

the first phase shifting device is used for receiving the Gaussian optical signal and configuring an initial phase for the Gaussian optical signal;

the Fourier lens is used for carrying out Fourier transformation on the Gaussian optical signal configured with the initial phase to generate a quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal.

18. The optical switching device of claim 17,

the quasi-rectangular filter spot shaper further comprises: a second phase shifting device;

the second phase shifting device is used for configuring a shaping phase for the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal.

19. The optical switching apparatus of claim 16 wherein said first switching direction focusing device comprises at least one stage of switching direction lenses.

20. The optical switching device according to any one of claims 16 to 19,

the second switching direction focusing device is used for focusing the quasi-rectangular filtering optical signal of which the transmission direction is changed by the switching engine to an input side focus of the second switching direction focusing device in a switching direction to form second output light;

the first exchange direction focusing device is used for transmitting the second output light to the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper;

and the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper is used for converting the light spot form of the second output light into a Gaussian light spot and outputting the Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber.

21. The optical switching device of claim 20,

a collimating device is arranged between the optical fiber and the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper and is used for sending a Gaussian light signal input by the optical fiber to the quasi-rectangular filtering light spot shaper after being collimated;

or the collimating device is used for converging the second output light with the light spot shape of a Gaussian light spot to the second optical fiber.

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