CN110387520B - Crack-stopping anti-stripping bionic dam structure gradient coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Crack-stopping anti-stripping bionic dam structure gradient coating and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110387520B
CN110387520B CN201910830862.XA CN201910830862A CN110387520B CN 110387520 B CN110387520 B CN 110387520B CN 201910830862 A CN201910830862 A CN 201910830862A CN 110387520 B CN110387520 B CN 110387520B
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dam structure
thermal barrier
barrier coating
coating
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CN110387520A (en
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张志辉
张盼盼
任露泉
佟鑫
梁云虹
于征磊
李秀娟
张宝玉
王熙
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Jilin University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/073—Metallic material containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a crack-stopping anti-stripping bionic dam structure gradient coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of thermal barrier coatings and surface modification thereof. Comprises a surface ceramic layer, a metal bonding layer and an annular dam structure body. And preparing the annular dam structure body on the surface of the ceramic layer by adopting a laser technology. The proportion of the self-healing particle molybdenum disilicide in the annular dam structure body is gradually increased from the inner side to the outer side, so that a thermal barrier coating with a gradient characteristic dam structure body is formed, and the initiation and the expansion of cracks can be effectively retarded. The invention adopts the method of arranging dam structure bodies of different material systems in the thermal barrier coating by adopting the laser technology, so that the dam structure body with hard texture and the spraying ceramic coating with relatively soft texture form a reinforced structure with the characteristic of double-phase mixing and alternating change, thereby delaying the initiation of cracks, retarding the expansion of the cracks and improving the thermal shock resistance of the thermal barrier coating.

Description

Crack-stopping anti-stripping bionic dam structure gradient coating and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermal barrier coatings and surface modification thereof, in particular to a crack-stopping anti-stripping bionic dam structure gradient coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The thermal barrier coating technology is a key technology for developing a high-performance aeroengine, and is widely applied to a combustion chamber and engine blades of the aeroengine at present. Therefore, with the development of science and technology, the thermal barrier coating can be widely researched and applied in the fields of aerospace, aviation, gas power generation, chemical industry, metallurgy and the like.
The thermal barrier coating which is widely used at present is a double-layer structure, namely, the thermal barrier coating consists of a metal bonding layer and a surface ceramic coating. The ceramic layer is generally zirconia with 6-8% of yttria and partially stabilized, plays a role in heat insulation, and is generally prepared by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying method, an electron beam physical vapor deposition method or a plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition method. The bonding layer material is commonly MCrAlY alloy, wherein M represents Ni, Co or a mixture of Ni and Co, and the metal bonding layer plays a role in resisting oxidation corrosion and enabling the ceramic layer to be tightly combined with the substrate. This intermediate transition layer reduces interfacial stress and avoids premature spalling of the ceramic layer. Generally, the coating is prepared by adopting a low-temperature supersonic flame spraying or low-pressure plasma spraying method.
The service environment of the thermal barrier coating of the turbine blade of the aeroengine is very complex, the thermal shock load and the mechanical load are applied in the working process, the coating can be subjected to a cold and hot cycle for many times in the working and non-working states, microcracks begin to grow and expand until finally the cracks are fused and converged to cause the spalling failure of the thermal barrier coating and the service life is reduced. Therefore, premature spallation of the thermal barrier coating is one of the main forms of failure of the thermal barrier coating. The laser technology and the thermal spraying composite technology are adopted to improve the thermal shock resistance of the thermal barrier coating, which is concerned by experts and scholars at home and abroad, and the following methods are generally adopted for research. Firstly, the ceramic layer on the surface of the thermal barrier coating is subjected to integral lapping remelting by adopting a laser remelting technology with larger laser energy density; and secondly, overlapping and remelting the extremely thin layer of the surface ceramic layer of the thermal barrier coating by adopting a laser glazing technology with smaller laser energy density. However, these methods cause the residual stress in the coating to be large, the coating cracks seriously, and the performance of the thermal barrier coating cannot be effectively improved. Therefore, research on improving the thermal shock resistance of the thermal barrier coating needs to be researched.
The use of crack healing mechanisms to improve ceramic properties has been a focus of recent research. Ceramics are brittle materials and are very sensitive to cracks. The process of thermal shock failure of a thermal barrier coating is actually a series of crack initiation, propagation and merging, which finally leads to the spalling of the coating. The self-healing particles are added in the thermal barrier coating, when the surface of a crack in the coating meets oxygen in the atmosphere, the self-healing particles around the crack generate an oxidation reaction to fill the crack under a high-temperature condition, and a crack healing mechanism is triggered, so that the strength of the material is recovered.
Many organisms such as shells, plant leaves and the like in nature have excellent crack-stopping and fatigue-resisting properties. The biological body surfaces are generally characterized by geometrical unsmooth morphological characteristics, namely structural unit bodies with certain geometrical shapes (stud shapes, dyke shapes, fence shapes and the like) are randomly or regularly distributed on the body surfaces. The geometrical non-smooth unit bodies not only have good rigidity and toughness, but also the unique structures are firmly connected with the matrix in various ways, thereby endowing the biological excellent functional characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crack-stopping and stripping-resistant bionic dam structure gradient coating and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem that an atmospheric plasma spraying thermal barrier coating in the prior art is stripped too early in a high-temperature service environment, namely the thermal shock resistance. The invention not only optimizes the appearance and structure of the surface modification of the coating, but also greatly improves the high-temperature oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance of the coating by adding self-healing particles with different proportions and distributing the self-healing particles in the annular dam structure in a gradient manner from inside to outside. The thermal barrier coating with the gradient characteristic dam structure body is prepared by adopting a bionics concept, utilizing a laser technology and a thermal spraying composite technology and adding crack self-healing particles.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the bionic dam structure gradient coating comprises a surface ceramic layer 1, a metal bonding layer 3 and annular dam structures 2, wherein the surface ceramic layer 1 is provided with three annular dam structures 2 with different sizes, the cross sections of the three annular dam structures 2 are in an inverted parabolic shape, the three annular dam structures are concentric, the depth of each annular dam structure is 100-350 mu m, the width of each annular dam structure is 1-3 mm, and the distance between every two adjacent annular dam structures is 1-4 mm; the distance between the annular dam structure body at the innermost side and the center of the circular sample is 1-4 mm, the distance between the annular dam structure body at the outermost side and the outer edge of the circular sample is 1-3 mm, and the sum of the surface areas of all the annular dam structure bodies in the thermal barrier coating accounts for 10-70% of the surface of the thermal barrier coating; the material of the annular dam structure body 2 consists of ZrO2 (7 YSZ) and molybdenum disilicide which are partially stabilized by 7wt.% of Y2O3, and the molybdenum disilicide accounts for 5-10%, 10-15% and 15-20% of the annular dam structure body from inside to outside in sequence.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the crack-stopping and anti-stripping bionic dam structure gradient coating, which comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning and sand blasting the surface of a substrate 4;
preparing a thermal-sprayed thermal barrier coating on the surface of a substrate, wherein the thermal barrier coating comprises a surface ceramic layer 1 and a metal bonding layer 3, and when the thermal barrier coating is prepared, firstly preparing the metal bonding layer 3 on the surface of a substrate 4, and then preparing a surface ceramic layer 1 on the metal bonding layer 3;
step three, carrying out preheating treatment on the thermal barrier coating;
preparing annular dam structures 2 on the surface ceramic layer by using a laser technology, wherein the three annular dam structures are concentric and have the depth of 100-350 mu m, the width of the three annular dam structures is 1-3 mm, and the distance between the adjacent annular dam structures is 1-4 mm; the distance between the annular dam structure body at the innermost side and the center of the circular sample is 1-4 mm, the distance between the annular dam structure body at the outermost side and the outer edge of the circular sample is 1-3 mm, and the sum of the surface areas of all the dam structure bodies in the thermal barrier coating accounts for 10-70% of the surface of the thermal barrier coating.
And step three, the heating temperature for preheating the thermal barrier coating is 500-700 ℃.
In the laser technology of the fourth step, the laser adopts Nd with the rated power of 800-1000W: YAG solid laser, the current of the laser is 60A-200A, the pulse width is 1 ms-10 ms, the frequency is 1 Hz-20 Hz, the scanning speed is 1 mm/s-5 mm/s, and the overlapping rate of the adjacent laser radiation area is 10% -50%.
The molybdenum disilicide accounts for 5-10%, 10-15% and 15-20% of the annular dam structure from inside to outside in sequence.
The metal bonding layer 3 is prepared by adopting a low-temperature supersonic flame spraying method, and the thickness of the metal bonding layer is 50-120 mu m.
The surface ceramic layer 1 is prepared by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying method, and the thickness of the surface ceramic layer is 150-400 μm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the laser and thermal spraying composite technology to prepare the dam structure body on the thermal barrier coating. The self-healing particle molybdenum disilicide in the dam structure body is gradually increased from the inner side to the outer side in mass percentage, so that the initiation of cracks can be effectively delayed, the expansion of the cracks is retarded, and the thermal shock resistance of a thermal barrier coating is improved. The self-healing particles are subjected to oxidation reaction at high temperature, and the generated oxidation product can fill the defects such as air holes, gaps, microcracks and the like in the coating so as to achieve the self-healing effect, so that on one hand, the oxidation resistance of the coating can be improved, on the other hand, the thermal shock resistance of the thermal barrier coating can be improved to the maximum extent by regulating and controlling the size of the cracks and utilizing the higher strain tolerance capability of the cracks, and the service life of the coating is prolonged. Meanwhile, the laser technology eliminates inherent defects of air holes, cracks and the like of the thermal barrier coating prepared by plasma spraying, obviously improves the surface roughness of the coating, and improves the density and hardness of the coating. The practicability is strong.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the surface structure of the dam structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional structural view of an as-sprayed thermal barrier coating of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an inverted parabolic cross-sectional structure of a dam structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of a dam structure of the present invention on the surface of a thermal barrier coating.
In the figure: 1. a surface ceramic layer; 2. an annular dam structure; 3. a metal bonding layer; 4. a substrate.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention and its embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the crack-stopping and peeling-resistant bionic dam structure gradient coating and the preparation method thereof of the invention comprise a surface ceramic layer, a metal bonding layer and a dam structure. The surface ceramic layer is prepared by an atmospheric plasma spraying technology, the metal bonding layer is prepared by a low-temperature supersonic flame spraying technology, and the dam structure body of different material systems is prepared on the surface of the ceramic layer by a laser technology. The material of the dam structure consisted of yttria partially stabilized zirconia, i.e., 7wt.% Y2O3 partially stabilized ZrO2 (7 YSZ) and molybdenum disilicide, in varying compositional ratios. The mass percentage of the self-healing particle molybdenum disilicide in the dam structure body is gradually increased from the inner side to the outer side, so that a thermal barrier coating with gradient characteristics of the dam structure body is formed, and the initiation and the expansion of cracks can be effectively retarded. The invention adopts the method of arranging dam structure bodies of different material systems in the thermal barrier coating by adopting the laser technology, so that the dam structure body with hard texture and the spraying ceramic coating with relatively soft texture form a reinforced structure with the characteristic of double-phase mixing and alternating change, thereby delaying the initiation of cracks, retarding the expansion of the cracks and improving the thermal shock resistance of the thermal barrier coating. Meanwhile, the self-healing particles are subjected to oxidation reaction at high temperature, and the generated oxidation product can fill the defects such as air holes, gaps, microcracks and the like in the coating so as to achieve the self-healing effect, so that on one hand, the oxidation resistance of the coating can be improved, and on the other hand, the thermal shock resistance of the thermal barrier coating can be maximally improved by regulating and controlling the size of the cracks and utilizing the higher strain tolerance capability of the cracks, and the service life of the coating is prolonged. In addition, the laser technology eliminates inherent defects of air holes, cracks and the like of the thermal barrier coating prepared by plasma spraying, obviously improves the surface roughness of the coating, and improves the density and hardness of the coating. The crack-stopping anti-stripping bionic dam structure gradient coating comprises a surface ceramic layer 1, a metal bonding layer 3 and annular dam structures 2, wherein the surface ceramic layer 1 is provided with three annular dam structures 2 with different sizes, the cross sections of the three annular dam structures 2 are in an inverted parabolic shape, the three annular dam structures are concentric, the depth of each annular dam structure is 100-350 mu m, the width of each annular dam structure is 1-3 mm, and the distance between every two adjacent annular dam structures is 1-4 mm; the distance between the annular dam structure body at the innermost side and the center of the circular sample is 1-4 mm, the distance between the annular dam structure body at the outermost side and the outer edge of the circular sample is 1-3 mm, and the sum of the surface areas of all the annular dam structure bodies in the thermal barrier coating accounts for 10-70% of the surface of the thermal barrier coating; the material of the annular dam structure body 2 consists of ZrO2 (7 YSZ) and molybdenum disilicide which are partially stabilized by 7wt.% of Y2O3, and the molybdenum disilicide accounts for 5-10%, 10-15% and 15-20% of the annular dam structure body from inside to outside in sequence.
The preparation method of the crack-stopping anti-stripping bionic dam structure gradient coating comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning and sand blasting the surface of a substrate 4 according to a conventional process;
preparing a thermal-sprayed thermal barrier coating on the surface of a substrate, wherein the thermal barrier coating comprises a surface ceramic layer 1 and a metal bonding layer 3, and when the thermal barrier coating is prepared, firstly preparing the metal bonding layer 3 on the surface of a substrate 4, and then preparing a surface ceramic layer 1 on the metal bonding layer 3;
step three, carrying out preheating treatment on the thermal barrier coating;
preparing annular dam structures 2 on the surface ceramic layer by using a laser technology, wherein the three annular dam structures are concentric and have the depth of 100-350 mu m, the width of the three annular dam structures is 1-3 mm, and the distance between the adjacent annular dam structures is 1-4 mm; the distance between the annular dam structure body at the innermost side and the center of the circular sample is 1-4 mm, the distance between the annular dam structure body at the outermost side and the outer edge of the circular sample is 1-3 mm, and the sum of the surface areas of all the dam structure bodies in the thermal barrier coating accounts for 10-70% of the surface of the thermal barrier coating.
And step three, the heating temperature for preheating the thermal barrier coating is 500-700 ℃.
In the laser technology of the fourth step, the laser adopts Nd with the rated power of 800-1000W: YAG solid laser, the current of the laser is 60A-200A, the pulse width is 1 ms-10 ms, the frequency is 1 Hz-20 Hz, the scanning speed is 1 mm/s-5 mm/s, and the overlapping rate of the adjacent laser radiation area is 10% -50%.
The molybdenum disilicide accounts for 5-10%, 10-15% and 15-20% of the annular dam structure from inside to outside in sequence.
The metal bonding layer 3 is prepared by adopting a low-temperature supersonic flame spraying method, and the thickness of the metal bonding layer is 50-120 mu m.
The surface ceramic layer 1 is prepared by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying method, and the thickness of the surface ceramic layer is 150-400 μm.
Example 1:
the substrate 4 used in this example was a K417G superalloy substrate.
Firstly, the surface of the K417G superalloy substrate is cleaned and sandblasted according to the conventional process. Then preparing a thermal barrier coating in a thermal spraying state on the surface of the substrate, wherein the thermal barrier coating comprises a surface ceramic layer 1 and a metal bonding layer 3, and the thermal barrier coating is shown in figures 1 and 2. When the thermal barrier coating is prepared, a NiCrAlY metal bonding layer 3 with the thickness of about 50 mu m is prepared on the surface of a substrate 4 by low-temperature supersonic flame spraying, and then a 7wt.% Y2O3 partially-stabilized ZrO2 (7 YSZ) surface ceramic layer 1 with the thickness of about 200 mu m is prepared on the metal bonding layer 3 by atmospheric plasma spraying. FIG. 3 is a sectional structure of a thermal barrier coating in a sprayed state, and it can be seen that defects such as air holes and cracks are distributed in the coating. The heating temperature of the thermal barrier coating for the preheating treatment is 500 ℃, and the Nd with the rated power of 800W is adopted: YAG solid laser processes the annular dyke structure 2 on the thermal barrier coating, the current of this laser is 100A, the pulse width is 5ms, the frequency is 1Hz, the scanning speed is 1.2mm/s, the adjacent laser radiation area overlap ratio is 20%. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the cross section of the annular embankment body 2 is an inverted parabolic shape; the surface topography of the annular dam structure is shown in figure 5. The width of the annular embankment structure was 1.5mm, and the depth of the annular embankment structure was 210. mu.m. The distance between the adjacent annular dam structure bodies is 3mm, the distance between the innermost annular dam structure body and the center of the circular test sample is 3mm, the distance between the outermost annular dam structure body and the outer edge of the circular test sample is 2mm, and the sum of the surface areas of all the annular dam structure bodies in the thermal barrier coating accounts for 45% of the surface of the thermal barrier coating. The interior-to-exterior annular dam structure material consisted of 7wt.% partially stabilized ZrO2 (7 YSZ) of Y2O3 and molybdenum disilicide, with the proportions of molybdenum disilicide being 5%, 10%, 15% in that order. In the prepared thermal barrier coating of the dam structure with gradient characteristics, the microhardness HV of the sprayed coating is less than 840, and the microhardness HV of the annular dam structure is more than 1200. The annular dam structure body is formed on the surface of the thermal barrier coating by adopting a laser technology, so that the surface roughness of the coating is improved, the density and hardness of the coating are improved, and the defects of inherent air holes, cracks and the like of the plasma spraying thermal barrier coating are removed.
Example 2:
the substrate 4 used in this example was a K417G superalloy substrate.
Firstly, the surface of the K417G superalloy substrate is cleaned and sandblasted according to the conventional process. Then preparing a thermal spraying thermal barrier coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the thermal barrier coating comprises a surface ceramic layer 1 and a metal bonding layer 3. When the thermal barrier coating is prepared, a NiCrAlY metal bonding layer 3 with the thickness of about 100 mu m is prepared on the surface of a substrate 4 by low-temperature supersonic flame spraying, and then a 7wt.% Y2O3 partially-stabilized ZrO2 (7 YSZ) surface ceramic layer 1 with the thickness of about 250 mu m is prepared on the metal bonding layer 3 by atmospheric plasma spraying. The preheating treatment heating temperature of the thermal barrier coating is 700 ℃, and Nd with the rated power of 1000W is adopted: YAG solid laser processes the annular dyke structure 2 on the thermal barrier coating, the current of this laser is 160A, the pulse width is 6ms, the frequency is 5Hz, the scanning speed is 3.5mm/s, the adjacent laser radiation area overlap ratio is 35%. The width of the annular bank structure was 1mm, and the depth of the annular bank structure was 265. mu.m. The distance between the adjacent annular dam structures is 3mm, the distance between the innermost annular dam structure and the center of the circular test sample is 2.5mm, the distance between the outermost annular dam structure and the outer edge of the circular test sample is 3mm, and the sum of the surface areas of all the annular dam structures in the thermal barrier coating accounts for 30% of the surface of the thermal barrier coating. The interior-to-exterior annular dam structure material consisted of 7wt.% partially stabilized ZrO2 (7 YSZ) of Y2O3 and molybdenum disilicide, with the proportions of molybdenum disilicide being 7.5%, 12.5%, 17.5% in that order. In the prepared thermal barrier coating of the dam structure with gradient characteristics, the microhardness HV of the annular dam structure is more than 1400.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A crack-stopping and anti-stripping gradient coating of a bionic dam structure is used for a thermal barrier coating and is characterized in that: the ceramic-based energy-saving energy; the distance between the annular dam structure body at the innermost side and the center of the circular sample is 1-4 mm, the distance between the annular dam structure body at the outermost side and the outer edge of the circular sample is 1-3 mm, and the sum of the surface areas of all the annular dam structure bodies in the thermal barrier coating accounts for 10-70% of the surface of the thermal barrier coating; the material of the annular embankment structure (2) consists of 7wt.% Y2O3Partially stabilized ZrO2(7 YSZ) and molybdenum disilicide, and the molybdenum disilicide accounts for 5-10%, 10-15% and 15-20% of the dam structure from inside to outside in sequence.
2. The method for preparing the crack-stopping and spalling-resisting bionic dam structure gradient coating according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning and sand blasting the surface of a matrix (4);
step two, preparing a thermal-sprayed thermal barrier coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the thermal barrier coating comprises a surface ceramic layer (1) and a metal bonding layer (3), when the thermal barrier coating is prepared, firstly preparing the metal bonding layer (3) on the surface of the substrate (4), and then preparing the surface ceramic layer (1) on the metal bonding layer (3);
step three, carrying out preheating treatment on the thermal barrier coating;
preparing annular dam structures (2) on the surface ceramic layer by using a laser technology, wherein the three annular dam structures are concentric and have the depth of 100-350 mu m, the width of the three annular dam structures is 1-3 mm, and the distance between the adjacent annular dam structures is 1-4 mm; the distance between the annular dam structure body at the innermost side and the center of the circular sample is 1-4 mm, the distance between the annular dam structure body at the outermost side and the outer edge of the circular sample is 1-3 mm, and the sum of the surface areas of all the dam structure bodies in the thermal barrier coating accounts for 10-70% of the surface of the thermal barrier coating.
3. The method for preparing a crack-stopping and spalling-resisting bionic dam structure gradient coating as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: and step three, the heating temperature for preheating the thermal barrier coating is 500-700 ℃.
4. The method for preparing a crack-stopping and spalling-resisting bionic dam structure gradient coating as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: in the laser technology of the fourth step, the laser adopts Nd with the rated power of 800-1000W: YAG solid laser, the current of the laser is 60A-200A, the pulse width is 1 ms-10 ms, the frequency is 1 Hz-20 Hz, the scanning speed is 1 mm/s-5 mm/s, and the overlapping rate of the adjacent laser radiation area is 10% -50%.
5. The method for preparing a crack-stopping and spalling-resisting bionic dam structure gradient coating as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the molybdenum disilicide accounts for 5-10%, 10-15% and 15-20% of the annular dam structure from inside to outside in sequence.
6. The method for preparing a crack-stopping and spalling-resisting bionic dam structure gradient coating as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the metal bonding layer (3) is prepared by adopting a low-temperature supersonic flame spraying method, and the thickness of the metal bonding layer is 50-120 mu m.
7. The method for preparing a crack-stopping and spalling-resisting bionic dam structure gradient coating as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the surface ceramic layer (1) is prepared by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying method, and the thickness of the surface ceramic layer is 150-400 μm.
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