CN110386618A - A kind of preparation method of the low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN110386618A CN110386618A CN201910768390.XA CN201910768390A CN110386618A CN 110386618 A CN110386618 A CN 110386618A CN 201910768390 A CN201910768390 A CN 201910768390A CN 110386618 A CN110386618 A CN 110386618A
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- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910004369 ThO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VGBPIHVLVSGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium(IV) nitrate Inorganic materials [Th+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VGBPIHVLVSGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002007 uranyl nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/037—Emission tomography
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation methods of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide, comprising the following steps: (1) feed liquid is prepared: concentration is the LuCl of 0.1-1.3mol/L3Solution, wherein ThO2Content is 5-20mg/L, UO3Content is 5-20mg/L, the LuCl3The concentrated nitric acid that solution and concentration are 14mol/L, is uniformly mixed and forms feed liquid, and nitrate concentration is 2.0-3.5mol/L in feed liquid;(2) extractant prepare: the extractant is mixed by TBP and kerosene, wherein TBP(tributyl phosphate) content be 20%;(3) extraction removes thorium, uranium: after above-mentioned feed liquid, extractant are mixed, standing clarification separates feed liquid with extractant, and the feed liquid isolated is the qualified lutetium feed liquid of low thorium and low uranium, and integrated artistic of the present invention is simple, and luteium oxide excellent product quality obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rare earth material technical fields, are related to the preparation method of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide, are
A kind of preparation method of rare earth oxide.
Background technique
Positron e mission computed tomography (Positron Emission Computed Tomography, PET)
System is widely used in the Diagnosis and differential diaggnosis of a variety of diseases, state of an illness judgement, therapeutic evaluation, organ function research and new drug development
Etc..In PET system, scintillation crystal spontaneous radiation reasons for its use event, non-genuine random coincidence event and scattering symbol
Ambient noise caused by conjunction event is likely to cause large effect to signal noise ratio (snr) of image.Therefore, PET system would generally adopt
Guarantee signal noise ratio (snr) of image with the following method: reduce spontaneous radiation and improve system capacity resolution ratio etc..In these methods, improve
The quality index of scintillation crystal is that a kind of approach is solved the problems, such as from source.
Currently, most commonly used rare earth scintillating crystals are Lu in PET system2SiO5: Ce (LSO:Ce) and (LuxY1–x)2SiO5: Ce (LYSO:Ce).In both crystal, luteium oxide is main host material component part, occupies crystal weight
80% or so.For LSO the or LYSO scintillation crystal for obtaining higher performance, quality index requirement of the manufacturing enterprise to luteium oxide
Also it is increasingly stringenter.
Luteium oxide initial raw material is often southern ion adsorption type rare earth ore, it is a kind of special rare-earth mineral, wherein 60% ~
95% rare earth (mass fraction) has many advantages, such as that distribution is wide, reserves are big, exploitation is easy, leads for China's rare earth with the presence of ion phase rare earth
The development in domain makes a great contribution.In southern ion type rareearth feed liquid, in addition to the radioactive isotope of rare earth itself, also association
There are micro uranium, thorium radionuclide, these radioactive elements are further enriched with into lutecium chloride feed liquid during the separation process.Visitor
Family propose non-rare earth impurity index just include:232Th < 0.5ppm,238U < 0.5ppm.Firstly, naturally being deposited in rare earth
Isotope have:175The beta emitter that Lu and half-life period are 2.1 × 1010 years176Lu, it is difficult to classified by conventional extraction,
Therefore the non-terres rares radioactive element in luteium oxide is reduced as far as possible such as232Th,238U is the key that reduce radioactive background.
Luteium oxide material quality index and the quality index of scintillation crystal are positively correlated, and are ceased with the performance of PET system
Therefore how correlation realizes that luteium oxide material quality index becomes many rare earths material producers and wishes the great skill solved
Art problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide, luteium oxide obtained is produced
Product are best in quality, and integrated artistic is simple.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The preparation method of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide, comprising the following steps: (1) feed liquid is prepared: concentration 0.1-
The LuCl of 1.3mol/L3Solution, wherein ThO2Content is 5-20mg/L, UO3Content is 5-20mg/L, the LuCl3Solution with
Concentration is the concentrated nitric acid of 14mol/L, is uniformly mixed and forms feed liquid, and nitrate concentration is 2.0-3.5mol/L in feed liquid;(2) it extracts
Agent prepare: the extractant is mixed by TBP and kerosene, wherein TBP(tributyl phosphate) content be 20%;(3) extraction removes
Thorium, uranium: after above-mentioned feed liquid, extractant are mixed, standing clarification separates feed liquid with extractant, and the feed liquid isolated is
The qualified lutetium feed liquid of low thorium and low uranium.
A kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide preparation method further include step (4) wash recycling lutetium: step (3) is stayed
Extractant in agitated kettle adds the hydrochloric acid solution of 0.01-05N, is mixed, and after clarification, lutetium washing is entered water
Phase, water phase are also the qualified lutetium feed liquid of low thorium and low uranium.
A kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide preparation method further include that step (5) extractant is purified: step (4) is washed
Extractant after washing is added salt-free water and is mixed, thorium, uranium element in extractant are washed in salt-free water, extractant is made
It is purified.
A kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide preparation method further include that step (6) is converted into oxide: isolate
Feed liquid is mixed with water, after oxalic acid precipitation and high temperature sintering, obtains high-purity mangesium oxide lutetium product.
A kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide preparation method further include step (7) nitrate anion recycling: through step (6)
The waste water of feed liquid and water phase through oxalic acid precipitation isolated after mixing recycles nitrate anion, carrying out circulation makes by being concentrated by evaporation
With, that is, enter step (1) recycling.
By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention is mixed by concentrated nitric acid with luteium oxide solution, and cooperation is mixed by TBP with kerosene
Made of extractant extraction remove thorium, uranium so that the feed liquid isolated is the qualified lutetium feed liquid of low thorium and low uranium, therefore, this hair
The low thorium of bright PET, low uranium luteium oxide preparation method cleaned by TBP single extraction, can single-stage complete, after removal of impurities gained oxidation
Thorium < 0.5ppm in lutetium product, integrated artistic is simple, process is short and equipment is few, luteium oxide excellent product quality obtained.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Present invention discloses the preparation methods of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide, comprising the following steps:
(1) feed liquid is prepared: concentration is the LuCl of 1.3mol/L3Solution, wherein ThO2Content is 20mg/L, UO3Content is 20mg/
L, LuCl3The volume of solution is 0.5m3, volume 166L and concentration are added as the concentrated nitric acid of 14mol/L, are uniformly mixed and are formed material
Liquid, nitrate concentration is 3.49mol/L in feed liquid.
(2) extractant is prepared: by TBP+ kerosene, 2:3 is mixed the extractant by volume, the body of the extractant
Product is 0.7m3, wherein TBP(tributyl phosphate) content be 40%.
(3) extraction removes thorium, uranium: by above-mentioned 0.666 m of feed liquid3, 0.7 m of extractant33m is added3Glass reinforced plastic agitated kettle in,
It is mixed 1 hour, standing clarification separates feed liquid with extractant, feed liquid is discharged from glass reinforced plastic agitated kettle bottom, into conjunction
Feed liquid is this time discharged labeled as material one in lattice feed liquid storage tank, and material one is the qualified lutetium feed liquid of low thorium and low uranium.
In the mixed process of this step, NO3 -、TBP、Th4- 、UO2 2+Four collaborations generate Th (NO3)4·2TBP、UO2
(NO3)22TBP, so that Th4- 、UO2 2+It is extracted into extractant, and the lutecium chloride containing low thorium, low uranium stays in feed liquid
In.Reaction equation is as follows:
Th4+ + 4 NO3 - + 2 TBP = Th(NO3)4·2TBP
UO2 2+ + 2 NO3 - + 2 TBP = UO2(NO3)2·2TBP
(4) extractant that step (3) stays in agitated kettle washing recycling lutetium: is added to the hydrochloric acid solution of the 0.1N of 20L, hydrochloric acid
The volume of solution can be the volume 3% of extractant, be mixed, and after clarification, lutetium washing be entered water phase, water phase is from glass
Into qualified feed liquid storage tank feed liquid is this time discharged labeled as material two, material two is also low thorium and low uranium in the discharge of glass steel agitated kettle bottom
Qualified lutetium feed liquid improve feed liquid yield to realize a small amount of feed liquid for carrying secretly in recycling extractant.
(5) extractant purifies: by the extractant after step (4) washing, 100L salt-free water is added and is mixed, will extract
It takes thorium in agent, uranium element to wash in salt-free water, purifies extractant, repeat and be recycled, the discharge of wastewater of thoriated, uranium
It is handled to sewage workshop.
(6) be converted into oxide: material one is mixed with material two, after oxalic acid precipitation and high temperature sintering, obtains high-purity mangesium oxide
Lutetium product, Th < 0.5ppm, U < 0.5ppm in luteium oxide product, can meet the application requirement of PET medical field.
(7) nitrate anion recycles: one and two waste water through oxalic acid precipitation of material are expected after the mixing of step (6), it is dense through pervaporation
Contracting is recycled nitrate anion, is recycled, that is, enters step (1) recycling, save the cost.
Therefore, the low thorium of PET of the invention, low uranium luteium oxide preparation method cleaned by TBP single extraction, can single-stage it is complete
At, it is organic using salt-free water back extraction after, can be recycled, and clean after gained luteium oxide product in thorium < 0.5ppm, whole work
Skill is simple, process is short and equipment is few, luteium oxide excellent product quality obtained.
Embodiment 2
Present invention discloses the preparation methods of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide, comprising the following steps:
(1) feed liquid is prepared: concentration is the LuCl of 0.7mol/L3Solution, wherein ThO2Content is 13mg/L, UO3Content is 13mg/
L, LuCl3The volume of solution is 0.8m3, volume 134L and concentration are added as the concentrated nitric acid of 14mol/L, are uniformly mixed and are formed material
Liquid, nitrate concentration is 2.0mol/L in feed liquid.
(2) extractant is prepared: by TBP+ kerosene, 1:4 is mixed the extractant by volume, the body of the extractant
Product is 1.0m3, wherein TBP(tributyl phosphate) content be 20%.
(3) extraction removes thorium, uranium: 3m is added in above-mentioned feed liquid, extractant3Glass reinforced plastic agitated kettle in, be mixed 1 small
When, standing clarification separates feed liquid with extractant, by feed liquid from the discharge of glass reinforced plastic agitated kettle bottom, into qualified feed liquid storage tank,
This time for discharge feed liquid labeled as material one, material one is the qualified lutetium feed liquid of low thorium and low uranium.
In the mixed process of this step, NO3 -、TBP、Th4- 、UO2 2+Four collaborations generate Th (NO3)4·2TBP、UO2
(NO3)22TBP, so that Th4- 、UO2 2+It is extracted into extractant, and the lutecium chloride containing low thorium, low uranium stays in feed liquid
In.Reaction equation is as follows:
Th4+ + 4 NO3 - + 2 TBP = Th(NO3)4·2TBP
UO2 2+ + 2 NO3 - + 2 TBP = UO2(NO3)2·2TBP
(4) extractant that step (3) stays in agitated kettle washing recycling lutetium: is added to the hydrochloric acid solution of the 0.5N of 30L, hydrochloric acid
The volume of solution can be the volume 3% or so of extractant, be mixed, and after clarification, lutetium washing is entered water phase, water phase
Be discharged from glass reinforced plastic agitated kettle bottom, into qualified feed liquid storage tank, feed liquid be this time discharged labeled as material two, material two be also low thorium and
The qualified lutetium feed liquid of low uranium improves feed liquid yield to realize a small amount of feed liquid carried secretly in recycling extractant.
(5) extractant purifies: by the extractant after step (4) washing, 150L salt-free water is added and is mixed, will extract
It takes thorium in agent, uranium element to wash in salt-free water, purifies extractant, repeat and be recycled, the discharge of wastewater of thoriated, uranium
It is handled to sewage workshop.
(6) be converted into oxide: material one is mixed with material two, after oxalic acid precipitation and high temperature sintering, obtains high-purity mangesium oxide
Lutetium product, Th < 0.5ppm, U < 0.5ppm in luteium oxide product, can meet the application requirement of PET medical field.
(7) nitrate anion recycles: one and two waste water through oxalic acid precipitation of material are expected after the mixing of step (6), it is dense through pervaporation
Contracting is recycled nitrate anion, is recycled, that is, enters step (1) recycling, save the cost.
Therefore, the low thorium of PET of the invention, low uranium luteium oxide preparation method cleaned by TBP single extraction, can single-stage it is complete
At, it is organic using salt-free water back extraction after, can be recycled, and clean after gained luteium oxide product in thorium < 0.5ppm, uranium <
0.5ppm, integrated artistic is simple, process is short and equipment is few, luteium oxide excellent product quality obtained.
Technology contents and technical characterstic of the invention have revealed that as above, composition of the invention is not limited with above-mentioned, ability
The technical staff in domain is still potentially based on announcement of the invention and makees various replacements and modification without departing substantially from creation spirit of the present invention.Cause
This, protection scope of the present invention should be not limited to disclosed in embodiment, and should include it is various without departing substantially from replacement and modification of the invention,
And covered by claims.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide, which comprises the following steps:
(1) feed liquid is prepared: concentration is the LuCl of 0.1-1.3mol/L3Solution, wherein ThO2Content is 5-20mg/L, UO3Content is
5-20mg/L, the LuCl3The concentrated nitric acid that solution and concentration are 14mol/L, is uniformly mixed and forms feed liquid, nitrate anion in feed liquid
Concentration is 2.0-3.5mol/L;
(2) extractant is prepared: the extractant is mixed by TBP and kerosene, and wherein the content of TBP is 20%;
(3) extraction removes thorium, uranium: after above-mentioned feed liquid, extractant are mixed, standing clarification separates feed liquid with extractant, point
The feed liquid separated out is the qualified lutetium feed liquid of low thorium and low uranium.
2. the preparation method of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include step
Suddenly lutetium is recycled in (4) washing: the extractant that step (3) stays in agitated kettle being added to the hydrochloric acid solution of 0.01-05N, is mixed
Stirring is closed, after clarification, lutetium washing is entered into water phase, water phase is also the qualified lutetium feed liquid of low thorium and low uranium.
3. the preparation method of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: further include step
Suddenly (5) extractant purifies: by the extractant after step (4) washing, salt-free water is added and is mixed, by thorium in extractant,
Uranium element is washed in salt-free water, and extractant is purified.
4. the preparation method of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: further include step
Suddenly (6) are converted into oxide: the feed liquid isolated is mixed with water, after oxalic acid precipitation and high temperature sintering, obtains high purity oxygen
Change lutetium product.
5. the preparation method of a kind of low thorium of PET, low uranium luteium oxide according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: further include step
Suddenly (7) nitrate anion recycles: the waste water of feed liquid and water phase through oxalic acid precipitation isolated after the mixing of step (6), through pervaporation
Concentration is recycled nitrate anion, is recycled, that is, enters step (1) recycling.
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Cited By (3)
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CN111620361A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-04 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of thorium dioxide nano material |
CN112062147A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-11 | 山东大学 | Low-cost and high-efficiency preparation method of lutetium oxide film |
CN115536053A (en) * | 2022-10-29 | 2022-12-30 | 中稀(广西)金源稀土新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of low-chloride high-purity lutetium oxide |
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US20170022071A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-01-26 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Separation of terbium(iii,iv) oxide |
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