CN110380429A - A kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic - Google Patents
A kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H02J3/382—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The present invention relates to hydroelectric generations to control optimisation technique field, disclose a kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic, by establishing turbine governor system model, the relational model for constructing speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation, building for coordinating the multiple objective function of Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property, building constraint condition, solving to multiple objective function, and the non-dominant disaggregation of Pareto is carried out preferably, to obtain optimized operation parameter of the Hydropower Unit under primary frequency modulation operating condition.The present invention can coordinate the contradictory relation between Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property, under the premise of guaranteeing that primary frequency modulation dynamic property meets national standard, the damping for improving Hydropower Unit is horizontal, to inhibit the generation of ultra-low frequency oscillation, effective technological means is provided to improve the power network safety operation of grid-connected Hydropower Unit operational reliability, the isolated network and direct current sending end isolated island that instruct the high accounting of Hydropower Unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydroelectric generations to control optimisation technique field, and in particular to a kind of Hydropower Unit for taking into account damping characteristic
Primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method.
Background technique
It is built in positive advance to perfect order large size Hydropower Base, rational deployment energy enriching area is sent outside under this background, great Rong
The operation stability for measuring the direct current sending end isolated island that extra-high voltage DC transmission system and mating large hydropower system are constituted becomes research
Hot spot.
In recent years, occurs ultra-low frequency oscillation successively in the higher isolated network of Hydropower Unit accounting and direct current isolated island transmitting system
Phenomenon.2016, during the debugging of the Asynchronous Interconnection of Yunnan Power System and south electric network major network, frequency of oscillation occur was about
0.05Hz continues 20 minutes ultra-low frequency oscillation phenomenons, after exiting each main force power station primary frequency function in succession, oscillation
It is calmed down.2012, in the test of bright and beautiful Su Zhiliu isolated island, the once unusual fluctuations of occurrence frequency passed through optimization governor system control
Parameter and reduction direct current frequency controlling dead error, so that oscillation is eliminated.2014, Burma's electric system switched to orphan in simultaneously major network
When net operation, there is apparent ultra-low frequency oscillation event, accident investigation analysis is made by the negative damping of turbine governor system
With caused.In addition, ultra-low frequency oscillation also once occurred existing for direct current islanded system in power grid in hiding, Colombia's power grid, gold
As.Therefore, for promoting the safe and stable operation of domestic and international electric system to be of great significance, this is asked for ultra-low frequency oscillation research
Topic also results in relevant department and the highest attention of scholar.
The water hammer effect of turbine governor system control parameter and flow passage system is total after existing research shows Asynchronous Interconnection
Negative resistance character under same-action is the main reason for leading to ultra-low frequency oscillation.And in current system, part power plant is to meet
Primary frequency modulation performance assessment criteria, by speed-regulating system response be adjusted so as to it is extremely sensitive so that being easier to induce ultralow frequency vibration after grid disturbance
Swing phenomenon.Ultra-low frequency oscillation is mechanical oscillation mode caused by speed-regulating system, can fundamentally be solved to speed-regulating system parameter optimization
Certainly oscillation problem, but the Primary frequency control ability of unit is also reduced simultaneously.Existing research is stressing to improve Hydropower Unit speed regulation system
While damping characteristic of uniting is to inhibit ultra-low frequency oscillation, the Primary frequency control ability of unit is often ignored.Or it is primary taking into account
When the governor system control parameter optimization that frequency modulation performance and ultra-low frequency oscillation inhibit, the primary frequency modulation with Game Relationship is moved
State performance indicator and low-frequency range damp horizontal index by weighted superposition, do not coordinate the contradiction between each index.
In view of the above deficiencies, a kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation multiple-objection optimization side for taking into account damping characteristic has been researched and developed
Method, effective coordination turbine governor system ultra-low frequency oscillation damping capacity index and primary frequency modulation performance criteria of the response it
Between contradictory relation.Under the premise of guaranteeing that primary frequency modulation response meets national standard, the damping water of Hydropower Unit is improved
It is flat, to inhibit the generation of ultra-low frequency oscillation.To improve grid-connected Hydropower Unit operational reliability, the high accounting of Hydropower Unit is instructed
The power network safety operation of isolated network and direct current sending end isolated island provides effective technological means.
Summary of the invention
Based on problem above, the present invention provides a kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation multiple-objection optimizations for taking into account damping characteristic
Method, the damping that under the premise of guaranteeing that primary frequency modulation response meets national standard, can improve Hydropower Unit is horizontal, to inhibit
The generation of ultra-low frequency oscillation.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation multiple targets for taking into account damping characteristic
Optimization method includes the following steps:
Step 1: establishing the turbine governor system model for being suitable for minor swing operating condition;
Step 2: establishing speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model;
Step 3: the multiple objective function of building Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property, including Hydropower Unit
In the damping characteristic objective function and primary frequency modulation Comprehensive Performance Objective function of ultralow frequency range;
Step 4: building rise time and stable time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping characteristic are about
The constraint condition of the optimization magnitude of beam and decision variable constraint, and execute corresponding constraint processing strategie;
Step 5: solving multiple objective function with multi-objective optimization algorithm, obtain the non-dominant disaggregation of Pareto;
Step 6: the non-domination solution that Pareto non-domination solution is concentrated being carried out preferably, obtaining most preferably compatible solution is hydroelectric machine
Optimal control parameter under group speed-regulating system primary frequency modulation operating condition.
Further, turbine governor system model is mainly by governor, pressure water conveyance system, the hydraulic turbine, generator
And load composition;Governor includes PID controller and hydraulic actuating mechanism.
Further, speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model expression formula are as follows:
A0=bpTyKp+Ty;A1=bpKp+bpTyKi+1;A2=bpKi;A3=eqhTw
B0=(eqyeh-eqhey)Tw;B1=-(A0+A1A3)KpB0-A0A3Kpey+A0A3KiB0;
B2=KpB0A2-Kiey(A0+A1A3)+(A1+A2A3)Kpey-(A1+A2A3)KiB0;B3=KieyA2
Wherein, KpFor proportional component parameter, KiFor differentiation element parameter, bpFor the coefficient of state slip forever, TyFor hydraulic execution machine
Structure inertia time constant, TwFor diversion system inertia time constant, f is system oscillation frequency, DGFor speed-regulating system damped coefficient,
ey,eh,eqy,eqhRespectively hydraulic turbine carry-over factor, is sought by combined characteristic.
Further, Hydropower Unit is as follows in the damping characteristic objective function expression formula of ultralow frequency range:
Wherein, n=(fmax-f0)/Δ f, for the stepped-frequency signal number in concern frequency band;Δ f is frequency point sampling step
It is long, there is f to i-th of Frequency pointi=f0+(i-1)Δf。
Further, primary frequency modulation performance integrated objective function expression formula is as follows:
Min Obj2(Kp,Ki)=k1T′r+k2T′s+k3P′m
Wherein, k1、k2、k3For corresponding weight coefficient, each index can be neatly adjusted to primary by the way that its size is arranged
The contribution rate of frequency modulation performance overall target;Tr′、Ts′、P′mThe respectively nondimensional rise time stablizes time and maximum anti-tune
Power index.
Further, dimensionless rise time Tr', dimensionless stablize time Ts' and dimensionless maximum anti-tune power P 'mPlace
Reason method is respectively such as following formula:
In formula, Tr、Ts、PmRespectively rise time actual value, stable time actual value and maximum anti-tune power actual value,
Tr_minAnd Tr_maxMinimum value and maximum value for the rise time obtained in optimization range, Ts_minAnd Ts_maxFor in optimization range
The minimum value and maximum value of obtained stabilization time, Pm_minAnd Pm_maxMaximum to obtain in optimization range demodulates power most
Small value and maximum value.
Further, rise time and stable time-constrain expression formula are as follows:
In formula, Tr_g、Ts_gRise time, stable time period value are responded for the power of the assembling unit of national standard;
Maximum regulatory power clipping constraint expression formula is as follows:
Ps≤ 6%Pr
In formula, PsFor the active power variable quantity of primary frequency modulation, PrFor unit nominal output;
Most bad damping characteristic constraint expression formula is as follows:
min(DG(f0),…,DG(fi),…,DG(fn))≥Dampmin
In formula, DampminFor the most bad damped coefficient of Hydropower Unit;
The optimization magnitude constraint expression formula of decision variable is as follows:
In formula, M [Kp] it is decision variable KpMagnitude, M [Ki] it is decision variable KiMagnitude.
Further, constraint processing strategie is formed by pre-processing strategy and post-processing strategy, the optimized amount of decision variable
Grade constraint using pre-process strategy, the rise time and stablize time-constrain, maximum regulatory power clipping constraint, most bad damping
Characteristic constraint is using post-processing strategy;
Wherein, pre-processing strategy is that decision variable is being input to turbine governor system model, speed regulation system
It unites before damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model, judges whether decision variable meets constraint condition, to being unsatisfactory for constraint
Decision variable carries out corresponding numerical precision processing;
Post-processing strategy uses the feasible solution Enhancement Method based on constraint violation degree, by original fitness function base
Overall constraint violation degree is considered on plinth, to increase the fitness value of infeasible solution, to deteriorate the individual for violating constraint, is increased
The mastery of strong feasible solution, post-processing policy expression are as follows:
In formula, fm(XiIt (t)) is the fitness function value of i-th of individual of m-th of target,For m-th target
Worst fitness function value, XiIt (t) is i-th of individual decision variable value in the t times iteration, when post-processing constraint refers to rising
Between and stablize time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, the constraint of most bad damping characteristic, v (XiIt (t)) is overall constraint
Violation degree, is given by:
In formula, vj_normalized(X (t)) is the normalization constraints violation degree of j-th of target;V (X (t)) is the totality of X (t)
Constraint violation degree, i.e., the difference of out-of-limit index and corresponding binding occurrence;vmaxFor the violation degree of all X (t) individual of j-th of target
Maximum value.
Further, multi-objective optimization algorithm is multi-objective particle, multi-objective genetic algorithm, multiple target are drawn
One of power searching algorithm, artificial flock of sheep algorithm or multiple target grey wolf algorithm.
Further, best compatible solution preferred method are as follows: two endpoints for determining the forward position Pareto first are A and B point, so
Afterwards by A and B point, parallel coordinate axes do straight line, take straight-line intersection be O point be perfect balance point, finally find O point with
The nearest M point in the forward position Pareto is best compatible solution.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effect:
(1) fixed in a kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic disclosed by the invention
The justice rise time and stablize time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping characteristic constraint and decision variable
Constraint conditions, these constraint conditions such as optimization magnitude constraint constitute search gallery, can accelerate the receipts of multi-objective optimization algorithm
It holds back, improves Searching efficiency.
(2) a kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic disclosed by the invention, can be with
Contradictory relation between effective coordination Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property, to instruct Hydropower Unit height to account for
The isolated network of ratio and the power network safety operation of direct current sending end isolated island provide effective technological means, and there is preferable engineering to answer
With value.
(3) with existing by weighted superposition objective function and compared with using the method for single object optimization algorithm, the present invention
A kind of disclosed hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic can guarantee primary frequency modulation dynamic
Under the premise of being able to satisfy national standard, the damping for improving Hydropower Unit is horizontal, to inhibit the generation of ultra-low frequency oscillation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is turbine governor system illustraton of model of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is governor structure block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the hydraulic turbine of the present invention, generator and pressure water conveyance system structural block diagram.
Fig. 5 is the forward position the Pareto figure that present invention optimization obtains.
Fig. 6 is each scheme speed-regulating system damping characteristic comparison diagram.
Fig. 7 is each scheme primary frequency modulation dynamic response characteristic comparison diagram.
Fig. 8 is present invention optimization front and back speed-regulating system damping characteristic comparison diagram.
Fig. 9 is present invention optimization front and back primary frequency modulation dynamic response characteristic comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic, including such as
Lower step:
Step 1: establishing the turbine governor system model for being suitable for minor swing operating condition;
Step 2: establishing speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model;
Step 3: the multiple objective function of building Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property, including Hydropower Unit
In the damping characteristic objective function and primary frequency modulation Comprehensive Performance Objective function of ultralow frequency range;
Step 4: building rise time and stable time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping characteristic are about
The constraint condition of the optimization magnitude of beam and decision variable constraint, and execute corresponding constraint processing strategie;
Step 5: more mesh of Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property are solved with multi-objective optimization algorithm
Scalar functions obtain the non-dominant disaggregation of Pareto;
Step 6: the non-domination solution that Pareto non-domination solution is concentrated being carried out preferably, obtaining most preferably compatible solution is hydroelectric machine
Optimal control parameter under group speed-regulating system primary frequency modulation operating condition.
In the present embodiment, the turbine governor system model suitable for minor swing operating condition has been initially set up, has been derived
Speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model;Then Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic are constructed
The multiple objective function of performance;It establishes the rise time and stablizes time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping
The optimization magnitude of characteristic constraint and decision variable constrains, and is handled using pre-processing and post-processing strategy constraint condition;
Finally multiple objective function is optimized using multi-objective optimization algorithm, and by preferably obtaining being suitable for Hydropower Unit speed regulation
The optimal control parameter of system primary frequency modulation operating condition.The hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation proposed by the present invention for taking into account damping characteristic is more
Purpose optimal method can coordinate the contradictory relation between Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property, guarantee one
Under the premise of secondary frequency modulation dynamic property meets national standard, the damping for improving Hydropower Unit is horizontal, to inhibit ultra-low frequency oscillation
Occur.To improve grid-connected Hydropower Unit operational reliability, the isolated network of the high accounting of Hydropower Unit and the electricity of direct current sending end isolated island are instructed
Net safe and stable operation provides effective technological means.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to Fig. 1-9, effect to illustrate the invention, below using a certain turbine governor system as implementation of the invention
The method of the present invention is described in detail in object:
Step 1: establishing as shown in Figure 2 suitable for the turbine governor system model of minor swing operating condition.Governor structure
Block diagram is as shown in figure 3, include PID controller and hydraulic actuating mechanism, frequency measurement link Proportional coefficient KfIt is set as 1, power is surveyed
Measure link Proportional coefficient KpgIt is set as 1, integral element time constant TvIt is 1, EyAnd EpRespectively artificial aperture dead zone and artificial function
Rate dead zone, is set as 0, e in the present embodimentpFor the power difference coefficient rate under power mode, the present embodiment is set as 0.05, Pg
For power of the assembling unit value of feedback.In the operation of power station primary frequency modulation, switch C1 closure, when switch A1, B1 closure, at governor
In aperture regulation mode, when switch A2, B2 closure, governor is in power regulation mode, when frequency departure is more than artificial frequency
Behind rate dead zone, the power of the assembling unit can be automatically increased or decreased, and complete primary frequency modulation task, and corresponding transmission function is expressed as follows:
Wherein, proportional component parameter Kp, differentiation element parameter KiTo need the control parameter optimized, integral element parameter Kd
It is 0, the coefficient of state slip forever bpIt is 0.05, hydraulic actuating mechanism inertia time constant TyIt is Laplace operator for 2, s.
Hydraulic actuating mechanism model further includes hunting gear dead zone, electrically opens the non-linear loops such as limit clipping, servomotor speed limit
Section, hunting gear the dead time are 0.0137, and electrically opening limit amplitude limit link minimum stroke relative value is 0, range relative value
It is 1.12, servomotor speed limit link closes time conversion according to guide vane standard-sized sheet and entirely, and the present embodiment bound relative value is respectively
Llim_open=0.01244, Llim_close=-0.00747.
The hydraulic turbine and pressure water conveyance system structural block diagram such as Fig. 3, hydraulic turbine model expression formula are as follows:
In formula,Respectively the hydraulic turbine transmits
Coefficient is sought by combined characteristic.E is taken in the present embodimenty=1, ex=-1, eqx=0, eqh=0.5, eh=1.5, eqy=
0.5。
Under minor swing operating condition, rigid water attack model is can be used in pressure water conveyance system, and the hydraulic turbine and pressure water conveyance system are comprehensive
It is as follows to close transmission function:
Wherein, water attack inertia time constant TwIt is 3.85.
Generator and load module expression formula are as follows:
Wherein, Δ x is per unit value velocity variable, Δ mtFor machine torque variable quantity, Δ meFor electromagnetic torque variable quantity, D
Δ x is damping term, and Δ δ is the rotor angle variable quantity that electrical radian indicates, w0For benchmark rotor electrical speed, TjFor unit set inertia
Time constant is taken as 8.5.
Step 2: speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model are established, expression formula is as follows:
B0=(eqyeh-eqhey)Tw;B1=-(A0+A1A3)KpB0-A0A3Kpey+A0A3KiB0;
B2=KpB0A2-Kiey(A0+A1A3)+(A1+A2A3)Kpey-(A1+A2A3)KiB0;B3=KieyA2
Wherein, f is system oscillation frequency, DGFor speed-regulating system damped coefficient.
Step 3: the multiple objective function of building Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property, including Hydropower Unit
In the damping characteristic objective function and primary frequency modulation Comprehensive Performance Objective function of ultralow frequency range.
Define damped coefficient curve frequency f corresponding with the first intersection point of horizontal axis0For boundary frequency, i.e. DG(f0)=0.?
When studying the damping characteristic of Hydropower Unit ultra-low frequency oscillation, the frequency band upper limit f of concernmaxIt can be taken as 0.1Hz, therefore, can acquire
Concern frequency band internal damping coefficient algebraical sum D (f) of the turbine governor system in ultra-low frequency oscillation are as follows:
In formula, n=(fmax-f0)/Δ f, for the stepped-frequency signal number in concern frequency band;Frequency point sampling step length Δ f
=0.001Hz has f to i-th of Frequency pointi=f0+(i-1)Δf。
It is as follows in the damping characteristic objective function of ultralow frequency range further to obtain speed-regulating system:
Using unit active power performance graph as investigation object, the index of reflection primary frequency modulation response performance has the rise time
Tr, stablize time TsAnd demodulate power Pm, it is as follows to establish primary frequency modulation performance integrated objective function:
Min Obj2(Kp,Ki)=k1Tr′+k2Ts′+k3P′m
Wherein, k1、k2、k3For corresponding weight coefficient, the equal value of the present embodiment is 1.Tr′、Ts′、P′mIt is respectively immeasurable
The rise time of guiding principle stablizes time and maximum anti-tune power index.Since each index is smaller more excellent index, therefore use following formula
Each index is handled:
In formula, Tr、Ts、PmRespectively rise time actual value, stable time actual value and maximum anti-tune power actual value,
Tr_maxAnd Tr_minAnd Tr_maxMinimum value and maximum value for the rise time obtained in optimization range, Ts_minAnd Ts_maxFor optimization
The minimum value and maximum value of the stabilization time obtained in range, Pm_minAnd Pm_maxFor the maximum anti-tune function obtained in optimization range
The minimum value and maximum value of rate.
Step 4: building rise time and stable time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping characteristic are about
The constraint condition of the optimization magnitude of beam and decision variable constraint, and execute corresponding constraint processing strategie.
Rise time and stable time-constrain expression formula are as follows:
In formula, Tr_g、Ts_gRise time, stable time period value are responded for the power of the assembling unit of national standard.It is different to meet
Step networking after system ultra-low frequency oscillation control consumption, These parameters need to suitably relax, the implementation case be respectively set to 30s,
60s。
Maximum regulatory power clipping constraint expression formula is as follows:
Ps≤ 6%Pr
In formula, PsFor the active power variable quantity of primary frequency modulation, unit nominal output PrFor 300MW.According to national regulations,
When Hydropower Unit participates in primary frequency modulation, maximum regulatory power clipping is within the 6% of rated power.
Most bad damping characteristic constraint expression formula is as follows:
min(DG(f0),…,DG(fi),…,DG(fn))≥Dampmin
In formula, the most bad damped coefficient Damp of turbine governor systemminIt is taken as -6.
The optimization magnitude constraint expression formula of decision variable is as follows:
In formula, M [Kp] it is decision variable KpMagnitude, M [Ki] it is decision variable KiMagnitude, in power station actual motion mistake
The setting precision of Cheng Zhong, governor control parameter are generally 2 significant digits effective digital, at the beginning of optimization algorithm decision variable
In beginningization and update, numerical precision should be consistent with actual motion.
Constraint processing strategie is formed by pre-processing strategy and post-processing strategy, and the optimization magnitude of decision variable, which constrains, to be used
Strategy is pre-processed, rise time and stable time-constrain, maximum regulatory power clipping constrain, most bad damping characteristic constraint is adopted
With post-processing strategy.
Pre-processing strategy is that decision variable is being input to turbine governor system model, speed-regulating system damping
Before characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model, judge whether decision variable meets constraint condition, the decision for being unsatisfactory for constraint is become
Amount carries out corresponding numerical precision processing.
Post-processing strategy uses the feasible solution Enhancement Method based on constraint violation degree, by original fitness function base
Overall constraint violation degree is considered on plinth, to increase the fitness value of infeasible solution, to deteriorate the individual for violating constraint, is increased
The mastery of strong feasible solution, post-processing policy expression are as follows:
In formula, fm(XiIt (t)) is the fitness function value of i-th of individual of m-th of target,Most for m-th of target
Poor fitness function value, Xi(t) for i-th individual the t time iteration decision variable value, post-processing constrain refer to the rise time and
Stablize time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping characteristic constraint, v (XiIt (t)) is overall constraint violation
Degree, is given by:
In formula, vj_normalized(X (t)) is the normalization constraints violation degree of j-th of target, i.e., out-of-limit index with it is corresponding about
The difference of beam value;V (X (t)) is the global restriction violation degree of X (t);vmaxFor the violation of all X (t) individual of j-th of target
Spend maximum value.
Step 5: in multiple target gravitation search algorithm solution procedure 3 Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation it is dynamic
The multiple objective function of state property energy, multi-objective optimization algorithm can be widely applied multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) calculation
Method, multi-objective Genetic (NSGAII, NSGAIII) algorithm, multiple target gravitation search for (MOGSA) algorithm, are also possible to based on group
The new algorithm (such as artificial flock of sheep algorithm, multiple target grey wolf algorithm) or improved algorithm that intelligent concept proposes.The present embodiment uses
Multiple target gravitation search algorithm (MOGSA) specifically includes following sub-step:
Step1: algorithm initialization.It includes Population Size N=30, iteration sum T=200, Jing Yingdang that algorithm parameter, which is arranged,
Case collection scale Nrep=30, gravitational constant G0=6.5, gravitation attenuation coefficient α=10, decision vector dimension D=2, neighborhood
Step-size in search L0=0.2 and adaptive step coefficient δ=8.5;It includes diversion system that turbine governor system model parameter, which is arranged,
Unite water attack inertia time constant Tw, servomotor inertia time constant Ty, six parameter of the hydraulic turbine, the coefficient of state slip forever bp, artificial frequency
Rate dead zone Ef, hunting gear dead zone, electrically open the nonlinear elements such as limit, servomotor speed limit etc.;Mains frequency is set and disturbs deviation
For Δ F=0.1Hz;The optimization section that decision variable is arranged is respectively [Kp_min,Ki_min]=[1,0.6], [Kp_max,Ki_max]=
[15,10];In optimization section in random initializtion group all individuals position vector, individual position vector Xi, i=
1 ..., N represents one group of control parameter, enables current iteration number t=0;
Step 2: extracting decision variable from a body position, judges control parameter Kp、KiWhether decision variable excellent is met
Change magnitude constraint, the pre-processing strategy of constraint is executed if being unsatisfactory for, numerical precision is controlled to be had in 2 significant digits
Effect number;
Step 3: by decision variable, that is, control parameter Kp、KiIt is input in turbine governor system model, obtains primary
The dynamic response of Hydropower Unit under frequency modulation operating condition, and solve primary frequency modulation Comprehensive Performance Objective function;
Step 4: by decision variable, that is, control parameter Kp、KiIt is input to speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relationship mould
In type, damping characteristic of the speed-regulating system in the case where paying close attention to frequency band is obtained, and solves Hydropower Unit in the damping characteristic mesh of ultralow frequency range
Scalar functions;
Step 5: judge whether individual meets the rise time and stablize time-constrain, maximum regulatory power clipping constrains, most
Bad damping characteristic constraint executes post-processing strategy, the target letter asked according to Step 2 and Step 3 to the individual for being unsatisfactory for constraint
Number solves the fitness function value of all individuals according to the following formula, and after carrying out non-dominated ranking, current non-domination solution is stored in
Pareto non-domination solution is concentrated;
In formula, fm(XiIt (t)) is the fitness function value of i-th of individual of m-th of target,Most for m-th of target
Poor fitness function value, Xi(t) for i-th individual the t time iteration decision variable value, post-processing constrain refer to the rise time and
Stablize time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping characteristic constraint, v (XiIt (t)) is overall constraint violation
Degree, is given by:
In formula, vj_normalized(X (t)) is the normalization constraints violation degree of j-th of target, i.e., out-of-limit index with it is corresponding about
The difference of beam value;V (X (t)) is the global restriction violation degree of X (t);vmaxFor the violation of all X (t) individual of j-th of target
Spend maximum value;
Step 6: according to multiple target gravitation search algorithm location updating mechanism, more new individual position obtains Xi(t+1), i=
1,...,N;
Step 7: repeating 2~Step of Step 6, until reaching maximum number of iterations or default precision, then it is excellent to stop parameter
Change search, exports the non-dominant disaggregation of Pareto;
Step 6: the non-domination solution that Pareto non-domination solution is concentrated being carried out preferred, it is first determined two of the forward position Pareto
Endpoint be A and B point, then by A and B point, parallel coordinate axes do straight line, take straight-line intersection be O point be perfect balance
Point finally finds O point with the forward position Pareto nearest M point as best compatible solution, and best compatible solution is exactly Hydropower Unit speed regulation
Optimal control parameter under system primary frequency modulation operating condition.
The forward position Pareto optimized using the method for the present invention is as shown in figure 5, Pareto non-domination solution concentration is corresponding
Optimum control scheme such as table 1.As shown in Figure 5, optimize the resulting forward position Pareto to be evenly distributed, coordinate speed-regulating system super
Contradiction between the damping characteristic index and primary frequency modulation performance overall target of low-frequency range is power station according to on-site actual situations
Selection preferred plan is concentrated to provide decision support in Pareto non-domination solution.
Most preferably compatible solution preferred method is as shown in Figure 5 in step 6.Choice A, option b, scheme M from Fig. 5 and table 1
Three kinds of schemes are applied in turbine governor system model, verify the validity of optimisation strategy.It can by Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and table 2
To know, option A has best damping characteristic, and minimum damped coefficient is -3.10, but its primary frequency modulation dynamic property is most bad, on
Rising the time is 29.94s, and stablizing the time is 48.32s.Option b has a best primary frequency modulation dynamic property, rise time and steady
Fix time respectively 16.34s and 21.90s, but its corresponding speed-regulating system damping characteristic is worst, and minimum damped coefficient reaches-
6.49.Therefore, option A primary frequency modulation quick-action is poor, but for inhibiting power grid ultra-low frequency oscillation advantageous;Option b disturbs power grid
Dynamic response performance is preferable, but it is horizontal in the poor damping of ultralow frequency range, will increase the general of power grid ultra-low frequency oscillation generation
Rate.Compared to option b, the damping characteristic of scheme M improves 2.31, but the rise time and stablize the time only increase separately 3.20s and
6.86s;Compared to option A, the damping characteristic of scheme M only reduces 1.08, but the rise time and stablizes the time and reduce respectively
10.4s and 19.56s.In summary, the best compatible solution that scheme M is concentrated as non-domination solution, can effective coordination speed-regulating system
Contradictory relation between damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property.
Scheme M (after optimization) and original control program (before optimization) are compared, result is as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9.It is excellent
The rise time of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation and stablize the time after change and only reduce 3.16s, 3.48s, but damped coefficient improves
23.02%.While best compatible Xie Neng after optimization avoids primary frequency modulation from being examined, the preferable speed-regulating system that must be promoted exists
The damping of ultralow frequency range is horizontal, is conducive to the generation for inhibiting ultra-low frequency oscillation.
1 non-domination solution of table concentrates each scheme fitness function table
2 non-domination solution of table concentrates optimum control scheme table
A kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic disclosed by the invention can avoid
While primary frequency modulation is examined, the preferable speed-regulating system that must be promoted is horizontal in the damping of ultralow frequency range, is conducive to inhibit ultralow frequency
The generation of oscillation instructs the isolated network of the high accounting of Hydropower Unit and direct current sending end lonely to improve grid-connected Hydropower Unit operational reliability
The power network safety operation on island provides effective technological means.
It as above is the embodiment of the present invention.Design parameter in above-described embodiment and embodiment is merely to understand table
Invention verification process is stated, the scope of patent protection being not intended to limit the invention, scope of patent protection of the invention is still with it
It is all to change with equivalent structure made by specification and accompanying drawing content of the invention subject to claims, it should all similarly wrap
Containing within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hydroelectric units primary frequency modulation Multipurpose Optimal Method for taking into account damping characteristic, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1: establishing the turbine governor system model for being suitable for minor swing operating condition;
Step 2: establishing speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model;
Step 3: the multiple objective function of building Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property, including Hydropower Unit is super
The damping characteristic objective function and primary frequency modulation Comprehensive Performance Objective function of low-frequency range;
Step 4: the building rise time and stablize time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, the constraint of most bad damping characteristic and
The constraint condition of the optimization magnitude constraint of decision variable, and execute corresponding constraint processing strategie;
Step 5: the multiple target letter of Hydropower Unit damping characteristic and primary frequency modulation dynamic property is solved with multi-objective optimization algorithm
Number, obtains the non-dominant disaggregation of Pareto;
Step 6: the non-domination solution that Pareto non-domination solution is concentrated being carried out preferably, obtaining most preferably compatible solution is Hydropower Unit tune
Optimal control parameter under speed system primary frequency modulation operating condition.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the turbine governor system model mainly by governor,
Pressure water conveyance system, the hydraulic turbine, generator and load composition;The governor includes PID controller and hydraulic actuating mechanism.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the speed-regulating system damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model
Expression formula is as follows:
A0=bpTyKp+Ty;A1=bpKp+bpTyKi+1;A2=bpKi;A3=eqhTw
B0=(eqyeh-eqhey)Tw;B1=-(A0+A1A3)KpB0-A0A3Kpey+A0A3KiB0;
B2=KpB0A2-Kiey(A0+A1A3)+(A1+A2A3)Kpey-(A1+A2A3)KiB0;B3=KieyA2
Wherein, KpFor proportional component parameter, KiFor differentiation element parameter, bpFor the coefficient of state slip forever, TyIt is used for hydraulic actuating mechanism
Property time constant, TwFor diversion system inertia time constant, f is system oscillation frequency, DGFor speed-regulating system damped coefficient, ey,
eh,eqy,eqhRespectively hydraulic turbine carry-over factor, is sought by combined characteristic.
4. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that damping characteristic objective function table of the Hydropower Unit in ultralow frequency range
It is as follows up to formula:
Wherein, n=(fmax-f0)/Δ f, for the stepped-frequency signal number in concern frequency band;Δ f is Frequency point sampling step length, to the
I Frequency point has fi=f0+(i-1)Δf。
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that primary frequency modulation performance integrated objective function expression formula is as follows:
Min Obj2(Kp,Ki)=k1Tr′+k2Ts′+k3P′m
Wherein, k1、k2、k3For corresponding weight coefficient, each index can be neatly adjusted to primary frequency modulation by the way that its size is arranged
The contribution rate of composite of performance index;Tr′、Ts′、P′mThe respectively nondimensional rise time stablizes time and maximum anti-tune power
Index.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that dimensionless rise time Tr', dimensionless stablize time Ts' and nothing
Dimension maximum anti-tune power P 'mProcessing method is respectively such as following formula:
In formula, Tr、Ts、PmRespectively rise time actual value, stable time actual value and maximum anti-tune power actual value, Tr_min
And Tr_maxMinimum value and maximum value for the rise time obtained in optimization range, Ts_minAnd Ts_maxTo be obtained in optimization range
The stabilization time minimum value and maximum value, Pm_minAnd Pm_maxFor the maximum minimum value for demodulating power obtained in optimization range
And maximum value.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the rise time and stable time-constrain expression formula are as follows:
In formula, Tr_g、Ts_gRise time, stable time period value are responded for the power of the assembling unit of national standard;
The maximum regulatory power clipping constraint expression formula is as follows:
Ps≤ 6%Pr
In formula, PsFor the active power variable quantity of primary frequency modulation, PrFor unit nominal output;
The most bad damping characteristic constraint expression formula is as follows:
min(DG(f0),…,DG(fi),…,DG(fn))≥Dampmin
In formula, DampminFor the most bad damped coefficient of Hydropower Unit;
The optimization magnitude constraint expression formula of the decision variable is as follows:
In formula, M [Kp] it is decision variable KpMagnitude, M [Ki] it is decision variable KiMagnitude.
8. the method as described in claim 2-7 any one, which is characterized in that the constraint processing strategie is by pre-processing plan
It omits and is formed with post-processing strategy, the optimization magnitude constraint of decision variable, which uses, pre-processes strategy, rise time and stable time
Constraint, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping characteristic constraint are using post-processing strategy;
Wherein, the pre-processing strategy is that decision variable is being input to turbine governor system model, speed regulation system
It unites before damping characteristic and frequency of oscillation relational model, judges whether decision variable meets constraint condition, to being unsatisfactory for constraint
Decision variable carries out corresponding numerical precision processing;
The post-processing strategy uses the feasible solution Enhancement Method based on constraint violation degree, by original fitness function base
Overall constraint violation degree is considered on plinth, to increase the fitness value of infeasible solution, thus deteriorate the individual for violating constraint, enhancing
The mastery of feasible solution, post-processing policy expression are as follows:
In formula, fm(XiIt (t)) is the fitness function value of i-th of individual of m-th of target,It is fitted for m-th of the worst of target
Response functional value, XiIt (t) is i-th of individual in the decision variable value of the t times iteration, post-processing, which constrains, refers to rise time and stabilization
Time-constrain, the constraint of maximum regulatory power clipping, most bad damping characteristic constraint, v (XiIt (t)) is overall constraint violation degree, by
It is given below:
In formula, vj_normalized(X (t)) is the normalization constraints violation degree of j-th of target;V (X (t)) is the global restriction of X (t)
Violation degree, i.e., the difference of out-of-limit index and corresponding binding occurrence;vmaxViolation degree for all X (t) individual of j-th of target is maximum
Value.
9. the method as described in claim 2-7 any one, which is characterized in that the multi-objective optimization algorithm is multiple target grain
In subgroup optimization algorithm, multi-objective genetic algorithm, multiple target gravitation search algorithm, artificial flock of sheep algorithm or multiple target grey wolf algorithm
One kind.
10. the method as described in claim 2-7 any one, the best compatible solution preferred method are as follows: determine first
Two endpoints in the forward position Pareto be A and B point, then by A and B point, parallel coordinate axes do straight line, take straight-line intersection be O
Point is perfect balance point, and finally finding O point with the forward position Pareto nearest M point is best compatible solution.
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