CN110380199B - Common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on micro-strip grids and patches - Google Patents

Common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on micro-strip grids and patches Download PDF

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CN110380199B
CN110380199B CN201910539116.5A CN201910539116A CN110380199B CN 110380199 B CN110380199 B CN 110380199B CN 201910539116 A CN201910539116 A CN 201910539116A CN 110380199 B CN110380199 B CN 110380199B
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microstrip
rectangular
patch
array antenna
antenna
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CN110380199A (en
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徐光辉
彭宏利
张跃平
尹文言
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Abstract

The invention provides a common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on a micro-strip grid and a patch, which comprises: the antenna comprises an antenna radiator, a dielectric substrate and a ground plane; the antenna radiator is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate in parallel; the ground plane is arranged on the lower surface of the medium substrate in parallel; the antenna radiator includes: the antenna comprises a grid array antenna consisting of a plurality of microstrip rectangular rings and a patch array antenna consisting of a plurality of microstrip rectangular patches, wherein each patch array antenna is correspondingly arranged in one microstrip rectangular ring; the antenna radiator adopts differential coaxial feed. The antenna radiator has the advantages of common caliber, integration, small size, dual-band operation and the like. The grid array antenna and the rectangular patch antenna are designed to be in a common caliber, so that a dual-band common-caliber microstrip array antenna is formed. The patch unit and the parasitic units on two sides of the patch unit can improve the working bandwidth of the grid array antenna working in a low frequency band.

Description

Common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on micro-strip grids and patches
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna microwave, in particular to a common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on a micro-strip grid and a patch.
Background
The antenna is used as a converter of circuit signals of communication equipment and space radiation electromagnetic waves, is a bridge of space wireless communication, and the characteristics of the antenna influence the performance of a wireless network. With the advent of the 5G era, mobile communication networks have put higher demands on the performance of antennas.
Due to the need for downward compatibility of 5G communication, in the future, there is a situation where multiple frequency bands coexist, that is, in addition to a high frequency band with coverage transmission, 2G, 3G, and 4G frequency bands need to be supported. Considering the trend of mobile terminals toward "small" and "thin", an antenna covering a low frequency band needs to have the characteristics of miniaturization and multiple frequency bands, and it is particularly important to cover all the frequency bands with the minimum number of antennas. Currently, the further reduction of the size of the multi-band miniaturized antenna and the further expansion of the frequency band are hot spots and difficulties of global research.
The patent of publication number CN103606745A discloses a low-profile compact dual-band dual-polarized common-aperture microstrip antenna, which is composed of a dual-layer double-sided copper-coated microwave dielectric plate, the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate forms a required dual-band antenna array and a Ku-band antenna feed network through a corrosion process, and the lower surface of the upper dielectric plate is provided with an L-shaped coupling slot on a ground plate. And the Ka frequency band antenna feed network is positioned on the lower layer of the lower layer dielectric plate and performs coupling feed on the antenna through a gap. The two frequencies covered by the antenna are the Ka band and the Ku band, respectively.
The grid array antenna and the patch antenna are independently developed, designed and applied in the past, and a common-caliber dual-band design based on the grid array antenna and the patch antenna is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on a microstrip grid and patches.
The invention provides a common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on a microstrip grid and a patch, which comprises: an antenna radiator, a dielectric substrate 1 and a ground plane 2;
the antenna radiator is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 in parallel;
the ground plane 2 is arranged on the lower surface of the medium substrate 1 in parallel;
the antenna radiator includes: the grid array antenna 3 consists of a plurality of microstrip rectangular rings and the patch array antenna consists of a plurality of microstrip rectangular patches, and each patch array antenna is correspondingly arranged in one microstrip rectangular ring;
the antenna radiator adopts differential coaxial feed.
Preferably, the spatial rectangular coordinate system o-xyz includes: origin o, x-axis, y-axis, z-axis;
the dielectric substrate 1 and the ground plane 2 are parallel to the xoy surface of a space rectangular coordinate system o-xyz;
the plurality of microstrip rectangular rings are staggered along the y-axis direction of a space rectangular coordinate system to form a grid array;
and the plurality of micro-strip rectangular patches are arranged along the x-axis direction of a space rectangular coordinate system to form the patch array antenna.
Preferably, the patch array antenna includes:
a rectangular patch unit 5 centrally disposed in the microstrip rectangular ring;
and the parasitic unit (6) for expanding the bandwidth of the low frequency band is arranged on the outer sides of two short sides of the rectangular patch unit (5).
Preferably, the width s of the short side of the microstrip rectangular ringw1mm long side width lwThe length of the short side is 4.5mm, the length of the long side is 9.4mm, the short side of the microstrip rectangular ring is parallel to the y axis, and the long side of the microstrip rectangular ring is parallel to the x axis;
the width p of the short side of the rectangular patch unit 5y2mm long side width px＝2.45mm；
The width j of the short side of the parasitic patch element 6x1mm long side width jy2.4mm, and the rectangular patch element 5 has a gap of 1mm, and the microstrip rectangular loop has a short-side gap of 0.675 mm.
Preferably, the number of the microstrip rectangular rings is 8, and the microstrip rectangular rings are arranged in a queue of 2, 1 and 2.. the array is arranged along the y-axis direction;
the long sides of the microstrip rectangular rings in the even columns are shared by the long sides of the two microstrip rectangular rings in the odd columns on two sides respectively;
each row of the microstrip rectangular rings is symmetrical about a straight line where a short side shared by all odd rows is located.
Preferably, the position where the short side of the microstrip rectangular loop in the even column perpendicularly intersects with the long side of the microstrip rectangular loop in the odd column on both sides is the central position of the long side of the microstrip rectangular loop in the odd column.
Preferably, the ground plane 2 is a copper-clad layer on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
Preferably, the short side of the microstrip rectangular ring has an electrical length half of the high-frequency resonance wavelength, the long side has the resonance wavelength, the long side transmits current, and the short side is used for radiation; the current distribution of each long edge is symmetrical at the middle position of the long edge, the phases are opposite, radiation cancellation is generated, and energy is not radiated.
Preferably, the antenna further comprises a probe, wherein the probe penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1 and the ground plane 2, is insulated and separated from the ground plane 2 by using an annular retrowelding pad, and two ends of the probe are respectively connected with a feed point and a feed network of the antenna radiator.
Preferably, the area size of the grid array antenna 3 is 19.3mm × 18 mm;
the dielectric substrate 1 is rectangular, the thickness t is 0.787mm, and the length L is140mm, width L240mm, dielectric constantrThe loss angle tan of the dielectric substrate is 0.0009, which is 2.2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the antenna radiator has the advantages of common caliber, integration, small size, dual-band operation and the like.
2. The invention forms a dual-band common-caliber microstrip array antenna by carrying out common-caliber design on the grid array antenna and the rectangular patch antenna. The patch unit and the parasitic units on two sides of the patch unit can improve the working bandwidth of the grid array antenna working in a low frequency band.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a top view of a common-aperture dual-band array antenna based on a microstrip grid and a patch according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a microstrip grid and patch based co-aperture dual band array antenna provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a feed network structure of a common-aperture dual-band array antenna based on a microstrip grid and a patch according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of parameters of low frequency bands S11 and S21 of the microstrip grid and patch based co-aperture dual-band array antenna provided by the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of high-frequency bands S22 and S21 of the common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on the microstrip grid and the patch provided by the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a real gain direction of the common-aperture dual-band array antenna based on the microstrip grid and the patch at 28 GHz;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an actual gain direction of the common-aperture dual-band array antenna based on the microstrip grid and the patch at 38 GHz;
in the figure:
Figure BDA0002102054820000031
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on the microstrip grid and the patch can be used for two wireless communication frequency bands of 28GHz and 38GHz, and can also be optimally designed to cover other specific frequency bands. The method comprises the following steps: an antenna radiator, a dielectric substrate 1 and a ground plane 2; the antenna radiator is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 in parallel; the ground plane 2 is arranged in parallel on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The antenna also comprises a probe, wherein the probe penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1 and the ground plane 2 and is insulated and separated from the ground plane 2 by using an annular reverse welding disc, and two ends of the probe are respectively connected with a feed point and a feed network of the antenna radiator.
The antenna radiator includes: the grid array antenna 3 consisting of a plurality of microstrip rectangular rings and the patch array antenna consisting of a plurality of microstrip rectangular patches, wherein each patch array antenna is correspondingly arranged in one microstrip rectangular ring; the antenna radiator adopts differential coaxial feed. Patch array antennas are used for high frequency radiation and each patch can be excited with a coaxial feed. The patch element feed uses a differential excitation network for high frequency band patterns and smaller cross polarization. The electrical length of the short side of the grid array antenna 3 is about half of the high frequency resonance wavelength and the long side is about the resonance wavelength. The long side acts as a current transport and the short side is used for radiation. And moreover, the central rectangular unit and the parasitic rectangular unit can expand the operating bandwidth of the grid antenna. At high frequency bands, the rectangular patch element resonates, producing radiation.
The patch array antenna includes: a rectangular patch unit 5 centrally disposed in the microstrip rectangular ring.
Parasitic element for extending low band bandwidth: and the antenna elements are arranged on the outer sides of two short sides of the rectangular patch unit 5 and are used for further expanding the working bandwidth of the expanded grid antenna.
Let the rectangular space coordinate system o-xyz include: origin o, x-axis, y-axis, z-axis; the dielectric substrate 1 and the ground plane 2 are parallel to the xoy plane of the space rectangular coordinate system o-xyz; the plurality of microstrip rectangular rings are staggered along the y-axis direction of the space rectangular coordinate system to form a grid array; the plurality of microstrip rectangular patches are arranged along the x-axis direction of a space rectangular coordinate system to form a patch array antenna.
The antenna works in such a way that in a low frequency band, an excitation source is loaded between the grid array and the floor through the coaxial feed. When the rectangular patch unit works in a high-frequency band, the rectangular patch unit works in a resonant mode.
In this embodiment, the width s of the short side of the microstrip rectangular loopw1mm long side width lwThe length of the short side is 0.8mm, the length of the short side is 4.5mm, the length of the long side is 9.4mm, the short side of the microstrip rectangular ring is parallel to the y axis, and the long side is parallel to the x axis; short side width p of rectangular patch unit 5y2mm long side width px2.45 mm; short side width j of parasitic patch element 6x1mm long side width jy2.4mm, the gap with the rectangular patch element 5 is 1mm, and the gap with the short side of the microstrip rectangular loop is 0.675 mm.
The number of the microstrip rectangular rings is 8, and the microstrip rectangular rings are arranged in a queue of 2, 1, 2, 1 and 2 along the y-axis direction; the two microstrip rectangular rings in each of the 1, 3 and 5 rows share one short side, and the long sides of the microstrip rectangular rings in the 2 and 4 rows are shared by the long sides of the two microstrip rectangular rings in the 1, 3 and 5 rows on two sides respectively;
each row of microstrip rectangular rings is symmetrical about a straight line where the short side shared by all odd rows is located. The position where the short side of the microstrip rectangular ring in the even-numbered row is vertically intersected with the long side of the microstrip rectangular ring in the odd-numbered row at two sides is the central position of the long side of the microstrip rectangular ring in the odd-numbered row.
The ground plane 2 is a copper-clad layer on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1.
The short side of the microstrip rectangular ring has an electrical length which is half of the high-frequency resonance wavelength, the long side has the resonance wavelength, the long side transmits current, and the short side is used for radiation; the current distribution of each long edge is symmetrical at the middle position of the long edge, the phases are opposite, radiation cancellation is generated, and energy is not radiated.
The common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on the microstrip grid and the patch further comprises a probe, wherein the probe penetrates through the dielectric substrate 1, and two ends of the probe are respectively connected with a feed point (a patch unit feed point 9 and a grid array antenna feed point 10) of an antenna radiator and a feed network (a grid array antenna feed network 7 and a rectangular patch antenna array feed network 8) of the ground plane 2 in common ground for radiation excitation.
The area size of the grid array antenna 3 is 19.3mm × 18mm, the dielectric substrate 1 is rectangular, the thickness t is 0.787mm, and the length L is140mm, width L240mm, dielectric constantrThe loss angle tan of the dielectric substrate is 0.0009, which is 2.2.
In this embodiment, the antenna volume is only 40mm × 40mm × 0.787mm, and can cover both 28 and 38GHz bands. The dielectric substrate adopts Rogers 5880 with the thickness of 0.787mm, and the length and the width of a ground plane are 40 multiplied by 40 mm. And feeding the power coaxially. Figure 3 shows the antenna feed network on a 0.127mm thick rogue 5880 sheet with the ground plane (2) common and the low band grating feed network using a one-to-two power divider, the two branches being 180 ° out of phase. The high-frequency-band rectangular patch array feed network is divided into eight, the phase difference of ports of the upper half part and the lower half part is also 180 degrees, and therefore the feed network adopts a balanced feed mode.
The reflection coefficient and isolation of the grid array antenna of the common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on the microstrip grid and the patch are shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from the figure, the impedance bandwidth of-10 dB in the low frequency band reaches 20%, and the frequency range is 26.2-32 GHz. The isolation is greater than 20dB in the frequency range 27-32 GHz.
The reflection coefficient and isolation of the patch unit array antenna of the common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on the microstrip grid and the patches are shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from the figure, the impedance bandwidth of-10 dB in the high frequency band reaches 15%, and the frequency range is 37-43 GHz. The isolation is greater than 20dB in the frequency range 37-42 GHz.
The grid array antenna of the microstrip grid and patch based co-aperture dual-band array antenna operates in a 28GHz radiation pattern, as shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from the graph, the real gain reaches 15.8dBi at the frequency of 28 GHz; the cross polarization is 20dB less compared to the main polarization.
The patch unit array antenna of the common-aperture dual-band array antenna based on the microstrip grid and the patch works in a radiation pattern of 38GHz, as shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from the graph, the real gain reaches 13.5dBi at the frequency of 38 GHz; similarly, the cross polarization is 15dB less than the main polarization. In the main lobe beam range, the cross-polarization level is further reduced.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (6)

1. A common-caliber dual-band array antenna based on a microstrip grid and a patch is characterized by comprising: the antenna comprises an antenna radiator, a dielectric substrate (1) and a ground plane (2);
the antenna radiating bodies are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1) in parallel;
the ground plane (2) is arranged on the lower surface of the medium substrate (1) in parallel;
the antenna radiator includes: the grid array antenna (3) is composed of a plurality of microstrip rectangular rings, and the patch array antenna is composed of a plurality of microstrip rectangular patches, wherein each patch array antenna is correspondingly arranged in one microstrip rectangular ring;
the antenna radiator adopts differential coaxial feed;
let the rectangular space coordinate system o-xyz include: origin o, x-axis, y-axis, z-axis;
the dielectric substrate (1) and the ground plane (2) are parallel to the xoy surface of a space rectangular coordinate system o-xyz;
the plurality of microstrip rectangular rings are staggered along the y-axis direction of a space rectangular coordinate system to form a grid array;
the plurality of microstrip rectangular patches are arranged along the x-axis direction of a space rectangular coordinate system to form the patch array antenna;
the patch array antenna includes:
a rectangular patch unit (5) centrally disposed in the microstrip rectangular ring;
the parasitic patch unit (6) for expanding the bandwidth of the low frequency band is arranged on the outer sides of two short sides of the rectangular patch unit (5);
the short side width s of the microstrip rectangular ringw1mm long side width lwThe length of the short side is 4.5mm, the length of the long side is 9.4mm, the short side of the microstrip rectangular ring is parallel to the y axis, and the long side of the microstrip rectangular ring is parallel to the x axis;
the width p of the short side of the rectangular patch unit (5)y2mm long side width px＝2.45mm；
The short side width j of the parasitic patch unit (6)x1mm long side width jy2.4mm, the gap between the rectangular patch unit (5) and the microstrip rectangular ring is 1mm, and the gap between the short side of the microstrip rectangular ring is 0.675 mm;
the short side of the microstrip rectangular ring has an electrical length which is half of the high-frequency resonance wavelength, the long side has the resonance wavelength, the long side transmits current, and the short side is used for radiation; the current distribution of each long edge is symmetrical at the middle position of the long edge, the phases are opposite, radiation cancellation is generated, and energy is not radiated.
2. The microstrip grid and patch based co-aperture dual band array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the number of microstrip rectangular rings is 8, and the microstrip rectangular rings are arranged in a 2, 1, 2.
The long sides of the microstrip rectangular rings in the even columns are shared by the long sides of the two microstrip rectangular rings in the odd columns on two sides respectively;
each row of the microstrip rectangular rings is symmetrical about a straight line where a short side shared by all odd rows is located.
3. The microstrip grid and patch based co-aperture dual band array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the position where the short side of the microstrip rectangular loop of even columns perpendicularly intersects with the long side of the microstrip rectangular loop of both sides odd columns is the center position of the long side of the microstrip rectangular loop of odd columns.
4. The microstrip grid and patch based co-aperture dual band array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the ground plane (2) is a copper clad layer on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1).
5. The microstrip grid and patch based co-aperture dual band array antenna according to claim 1 further comprising a probe passing through said dielectric substrate (1) and ground plane (2) and insulated from ground plane (2) by a loop antipad, both ends being connected to the feed point and feed network of the antenna radiator, respectively.
6. The microstrip grid and patch based co-aperture dual band array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the area size of the grid array antenna (3) is 19.3mm x 18 mm;
the dielectric substrate (1) is rectangular, the thickness t is 0.787mm, and the length L is140mm, width L240mm, dielectric constantrThe loss angle tan of the dielectric substrate is 0.0009, which is 2.2.
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