CN110378071B - Shallow pool treatment unit design method based on ecological safety control - Google Patents

Shallow pool treatment unit design method based on ecological safety control Download PDF

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CN110378071B
CN110378071B CN201910718091.5A CN201910718091A CN110378071B CN 110378071 B CN110378071 B CN 110378071B CN 201910718091 A CN201910718091 A CN 201910718091A CN 110378071 B CN110378071 B CN 110378071B
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shallow pool
toxicity
treatment unit
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sewage
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马晓妍
王晓昌
王永坤
郑于聪
唐磊
张世莹
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a shallow pool treatment unit design method based on ecological safety control. The method comprises the steps of fitting the dynamic attenuation characteristic of the acute toxicity of the luminescent bacteria in the shallow pool by using a k-C model, estimating the 5% hazard concentration of a positive control compound in the acute toxicity detection of the luminescent bacteria by using an SSD curve, taking the hazard concentration as a toxicity threshold value for guaranteeing ecological safety, introducing the value into the k-C model, determining the time required for treating the sewage with a certain flow rate, and then obtaining the relation between the water depth and the treatment area of a shallow pool treatment unit. In order to ensure that the sunlight can completely penetrate through the sewage layer in the shallow pool, the water depth is not more than 50cm, and finally the minimum treatment area can be determined according to the designed water depth of the shallow pool. The invention provides a design method of a shallow pool treatment unit, comprehensively considers the ecological safety of sewage advanced treatment, and ensures the safety of aquatic organisms in sewage receiving water bodies or sewage recycling.

Description

Shallow pool treatment unit design method based on ecological safety control
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a shallow pool treatment unit design method based on ecological safety control, which can be applied to advanced treatment of secondary treatment effluent of a sewage plant.
Background
In recent years, shallow water ponds have gradually gained wide attention in the field of sewage treatment as a water ecological treatment unit for enhancing natural photolysis. The shallow pool is used as a unit of a surface flow constructed wetland system at first, is operated by plug flow, mainly comprises a plurality of groups of rectangular shallow pools (the water depth is less than or equal to 50cm), is provided with a waterproof lining at the bottom, and is not planted with any aquatic plants. Compared with the artificial wetland, the shallow pond treatment unit has the following advantages: natural illumination is not shielded by floating water and emergent aquatic plants, and can fully penetrate through a water body; improving hydraulic efficiency without dead water area; thirdly, a large amount of photosynthetic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria can be enriched and fixed at the bottom, and the treatment effect is good; low cost and high flexibility, and can be combined with other treatment units (UASB, artificial wetland, etc.) for application. Unlike other artificial or ecological treating units, the shallow pond as one kind of natural ecological treating facility provides one kind of micro environment favorable to pollutant photolysis and biotransformation and has obvious purifying effect. Under natural environmental conditions, the shallow pool treatment unit can not only strengthen the removal of conventional pollutants (nitrogen and phosphorus) in tail water of a sewage plant, but also further remove various trace toxic and harmful compounds from urban domestic sewage. However, since shallow pools are an emerging processing unit, there is currently no relevant design methodology. And with global concern about ecological pollution of surface water environment, the ecological safety of secondary treatment effluent needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the shallow pool design in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a shallow pool treatment unit design method based on ecological safety control, which is used for further carrying out advanced treatment on secondary treated effluent of a sewage plant under the condition that the conventional physicochemical indexes of the effluent meet the standards, comprehensively considering the dynamic attenuation characteristic of ecological toxicity caused by toxic and harmful pollutants in sewage in the shallow pool treatment and the ecological safety of the sewage, and designing the minimum treatment area of the shallow pool. The method utilizes a k-C model to simulate the dynamic attenuation characteristic of the acute toxicity of the photobacteria in the shallow pool, utilizes an SSD curve to estimate the 5% hazard concentration of a positive control compound in the photobacteria detection, takes the hazard concentration as a toxicity threshold value for guaranteeing ecological safety, brings the value into the k-C model, determines the time required for treating the sewage with a certain flow rate, and obtains the relationship between the water depth and the treatment area of a shallow pool treatment unit. In order to ensure that the sunlight can completely penetrate through the sewage layer in the shallow pool, the water depth of the sewage layer is not more than 50cm, and finally the minimum treatment area can be determined according to the designed water depth of the shallow pool. The method provides a design method of a shallow pool treatment unit, comprehensively considers the ecological safety of sewage advanced treatment, and ensures the safety of aquatic organisms in sewage receiving water bodies or sewage recycling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a shallow pool treatment unit design method based on ecological safety control introduces the attenuation characteristic of biological toxicity of sewage in a shallow pool treatment unit, comprehensively considers the safety of effluent of the shallow pool treatment unit to aquatic organisms in an ecological environment, and designs the area of a shallow pool, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the attenuation characteristic of the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria in the sewage, the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria in the sewage is measured in the treatment process, the test result is converted into the concentration of a positive control compound, and a k-C model is used for fitting to obtain a dynamic attenuation curve of the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria;
(2) constructing a species sensitivity distribution curve by using the collected acute toxicity data of the positive control compound, and estimating 5% hazard concentration of the positive control compound, namely ensuring that 95% of organisms are not harmed, and taking the concentration as a threshold value of the shallow pool effluent toxicity;
(3) determining the corresponding treatment time under the condition of a toxicity threshold value by utilizing a dynamic attenuation curve of acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria in the sewage in the shallow pool, and combining the water depth of the shallow pool treatment unit to obtain the relationship between the area and the water depth of the shallow pool treatment unit so as to finally obtain the minimum treatment area.
In the step (1), the decay of the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria along with the time accords with a k-C model, and the model formula is as follows:
C t ＝C * +(C 0 -C * )·e -kt
wherein, C t The acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria of the sewage on the treatment day t is expressed by the concentration of a positive control substance in mg/L; c is a constant, representing undiminished toxicity, in mg/L; c 0 The unit is the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria on the 0 th day of the sewage treatment, and the acute toxicity is mg/L; k is the apparent rate constant in d -1 (ii) a t is the processing time in units of d.
In the step (2), acute toxicity data of the positive control compound is collected by using a toxicology database, the toxicity data are classified and arranged from large to small, the cumulative probability of each species is calculated, the toxicity is used as an abscissa, the cumulative probability is used as an ordinate, and computer software is used for fitting an SSD curve by using a Burr III model, so that 5% hazard concentration, namely a toxicity control threshold value, is obtained and is expressed as EBT. Burr iii model form is as follows:
Figure BDA0002156161600000031
wherein, x is the concentration of the positive control compound and has a unit of mg/L, and a, b and c are three parameters of the function.
In the step (3), a threshold value EBT for toxicity control and the water depth (generally not more than 0.5m) of the shallow pool treatment unit are brought into a k-C model for toxicity kinetic attenuation, so that the minimum shallow pool treatment area for achieving ecological safety is obtained, and the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002156161600000032
wherein Q is daily treated water amount, unit m 3 D; z is the water depth of the shallow pond treatment unit in unit m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a design method of the minimum treatment area of the shallow pool treatment unit under the condition that no design basis of the shallow pool treatment unit exists at present, and provides a basis and a method for designing the green, low-carbon and environment-friendly treatment process.
(2) The design method disclosed by the invention is provided by further improving the water quality under the condition that the conventional water quality index of the sewage reaches the standard, and the safety of the effluent water quality to aquatic organisms is ensured by designing under the condition that the ecological toxicity caused by toxic and harmful pollutants in the sewage is acceptable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the design method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan configuration view of a shallow pool processing unit.
FIG. 3 is a k-C model fit of acute toxicity of photobacteria in wastewater.
FIG. 4 is a graph of SSD for phenol.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the area and depth of water in a shallow pond treatment unit for ensuring ecological safety.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary only and is not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
the shallow pool treatment unit is in a planar configuration as shown in figure 2. The design method is described in detail in the description of fig. 1:
acute toxicity test of luminescent bacteria (Virbio fischeri) phenol was a positive control compound, determined by microplate toxicity method, according to the modified ISO11348 method. Determining the EC of the sewage according to the obtained measurement-effect curve 50 Value and converted to the concentration of positive control compound (expressed as TEQ) phenol ). Toxicity values of the wastewater and treatment times of the shallow pond are plotted. The fitting was performed using a k-C model. The k-C model fitted curve of acute toxicity of luminescent bacteria in wastewater is shown in fig. 3.
The toxicology data of phenol as a positive control compound is inquired from the US EPA ECOTOX database (http:// cfpub. eta. gov/ECOTOX /), and after abnormal values are screened and eliminated, the data are grouped and combined, and the arithmetic mean of the data is taken from a plurality of data sources in the same species. The toxicity data of phenol for each species after the species grouping is shown in table 1. This example was fitted using the Burr iii model by the USEPA recommendation SSD generator.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002156161600000041
Burr type iii distribution is a model recommended for use in both environmental risk assessment and environmental quality standards in australia and new zealand. The form of the Burr type III function is shown below:
Figure BDA0002156161600000042
in the formula, x is the concentration of the pollutant (mu g. L-1), and a, b and c are three parameters of the function respectively. The SSD curves of phenol are shown in fig. 4 using Burr type iii function fitting results (straight line) and 95% confidence interval results (dashed line).
The concentration corresponding to 5% accumulation probability, also alternatively referred to as 95% protection concentration, is determined on the fitted curve, i.e. when the contaminant environmental concentration is less than this value, 95% of the organisms are not affected. From the SSD curve, the 95% protection concentration of phenol was 6.04 mg/L. The value is taken as the threshold value for controlling the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria in the effluent of the shallow pool treatment, namely the EBT value is 6.04 mg/L. When the flow rate Q is 1m 3 And then, the obtained parameters are substituted into an equation to obtain the relationship between the shallow pool treatment area and the water depth, and particularly, the design of the shallow pool treatment unit can be completed according to the curve as shown in figure 5. When the amount of treated water is 1m 3 D, when the depth of the shallow pool water is 20cm, the minimum treatment area of the shallow pool is 8.8m 2 . The shallow pool treatment area can ensure that the acute toxicity value of the luminous bacteria for treating the effluent is within an acceptable range, aquatic organisms cannot be threatened, and the water quality is ecologically safe.

Claims (6)

1. A shallow pool treatment unit design method based on ecological safety control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) according to the attenuation characteristic of the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria in the sewage, the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria in the sewage is measured in the treatment process, the test result is converted into the concentration of a positive control compound, and a k-C model is used for fitting to obtain a dynamic attenuation curve of the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria;
(2) constructing a species sensitivity distribution curve by using the collected acute toxicity data of the positive control compound, and estimating 5% hazard concentration of the positive control compound, namely ensuring that 95% of organisms are not harmed, and taking the concentration as a threshold value of the shallow pool effluent toxicity;
(3) determining the corresponding treatment time under the condition of a toxicity threshold value by utilizing a dynamic attenuation curve of the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria in the sewage in the shallow pool, and obtaining the relationship between the area and the water depth of the treatment unit in the shallow pool by combining the water depth of the treatment unit in the shallow pool, thereby finally obtaining the minimum treatment area.
2. The ecological safety control-based shallow pool treatment unit design method in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the decay of acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria with time conforms to a k-C model, and the model formula is as follows:
C t ＝C * +(C 0 -C * )·e -kt
wherein, C t The acute toxicity of the luminescent bacteria on the treatment day t of the sewage is expressed by the concentration of a positive control substance, and the unit is mg/L; c is a constant, representing undiminished toxicity, in mg/L; c 0 The unit is the acute toxicity of the luminous bacteria on the 0 th day of sewage treatment, and the unit is mg/L; k is the apparent rate constant in d -1 (ii) a t is the processing time in d.
3. The ecological safety control-based shallow pool processing unit design method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a toxicology database is used to collect acute toxicity data of the positive control compound, the toxicity data are classified and arranged from large to small, and the cumulative probability of each species is calculated, the toxicity magnitude is used as abscissa, the cumulative probability is used as ordinate, and a Burr iii model is used to fit the SSD curve by using computer software, so as to obtain 5% hazard concentration, namely threshold value of toxicity control, which is expressed as EBT.
4. The ecological safety control-based shallow pool treatment unit design method according to claim 3, wherein the Burr III model is in the form of:
Figure FDA0002156161590000021
wherein, x is the concentration of the positive control compound and has the unit of mg/L, and a, b and c are three parameters of the function.
5. The ecological safety control-based shallow pool treatment unit design method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the threshold value EBT for toxicity control and the water depth of the shallow pool treatment unit are introduced into a k-C model of toxicity kinetic attenuation, so as to obtain the minimum shallow pool treatment area for achieving ecological safety, and the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002156161590000022
wherein Q is daily treated water amount, unit m 3 D; z is the water depth of the shallow pond treatment unit in unit m.
6. The ecological safety control-based shallow pond treatment unit design method according to claim 1, wherein the shallow pond treatment unit water depth Z is less than or equal to 0.5 m.
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105279356A (en) * 2014-07-04 2016-01-27 中国环境科学研究院 Method and device for obtaining criteria priority research pollutant of water environment
WO2016179864A1 (en) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-17 中国环境科学研究院 Fresh water acute standard prediction method based on metal quantitative structure-activity relationship

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105279356A (en) * 2014-07-04 2016-01-27 中国环境科学研究院 Method and device for obtaining criteria priority research pollutant of water environment
WO2016179864A1 (en) * 2015-05-13 2016-11-17 中国环境科学研究院 Fresh water acute standard prediction method based on metal quantitative structure-activity relationship

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
污水处理与回用过程对生态毒性的削减和水质安全评价;戴迪楠等;《安全与环境学报》;20170825(第04期);全文 *

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