CN110377940A - A method of obtaining CFRP workpiece milling vibration amplitude - Google Patents
A method of obtaining CFRP workpiece milling vibration amplitude Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method for obtaining CFRP workpiece milling vibration amplitude of the present invention belongs to carbon fibre composite Milling Process field, is related to a kind of acquisition methods of Workpiece vibration amplitude in composite laminated plate milling process.This method is directed to the CFRP milling under different machining states, obtains Milling Force first with experiment.Based on ABABQUS finite element stimulation software, the lower simplified CFRP layer plywood Milling Process limit element artificial module of Milling Force excitation is established.Model is by the way of Equivalent Modeling, it is contemplated that the clamp position of bolt in the different laying directions of practical CFRP layer plywood and process.The Milling Force that experiment obtains is loaded at milling active position in model by way of concentrated force；By calculating the simulation model under different clamp positions, the Oscillation Amplitude of workpiece different location under different conditions in CFRP layer plywood milling is obtained.The method reduce the time is calculated, when solving experimental method measurement workpiece amplitude, the problems such as process is cumbersome, and instrumentation is complicated, and time cost is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to carbon fibre composite Milling Process field, it is related in a kind of composite laminated plate milling process
The acquisition methods of Workpiece vibration amplitude.
Background technique
Carbon fibre reinforced composite (CFRP) have the characteristics that specific strength is high, high temperature resistant with it is corrosion-resistant, be widely used
In fields such as aerospace, automobile manufactures.To meet assembly and required precision, it usually needs a large amount of Milling Process.However,
CFRP is made of on thin see fiber and resin, anisotropy and stacking characteristic is macroscopically being presented, therefore, in Milling Process
It is easy to produce layering, tearing, burr equivalent damage.Simultaneously as vibration can be inevitably generated in milling process, these vibrations
It can aggravate above-mentioned damage.It is especially vibrated in the relatively thin CFRP laminate of milling more obvious, seriously affects processing quality.
For the relationship of Workpiece vibration amplitude and machining damage in further investigation CFRP milling process, need to obtain first under different machining states
Workpiece vibration amplitude.
In recent years, scholar mostly uses the mode of experiment to obtain the Oscillation Amplitude in CFRP Milling Processes, experimental method
Usually using the Oscillation Amplitude situation of CFRP workpiece in laser vibration measurer acquisition Milling Processes, this needs is taken outside lathe
Laser emitter, controller and oscillograph are connect, process is cumbersome, and instrumentation is complicated, and time and material cost are high；And vibration measurement with laser
Instrument measures outside lathe, and laser is unable to vertical irradiation on workpiece, there is certain angular deviation between workpiece, causes to measure
As a result there is error；In addition, primary experiment can only be observed the amplitude situation of any on CFRP layer plywood, work can not be obtained
The Oscillation Amplitude and deformation of part entirety.And the method for using theoretical calculation, calculating process are complicated, are typically only capable to acquire simple
Static deformation situation under loading method, can not consider the response of its dynamic process.
Finite element simulation can easily obtain Workpiece vibration amplitude in CFRP milling process.Practical milling process is abstracted as
Finite element model can obtain the Workpiece vibration amplitude under different machining states by changing boundary condition, and be easy to get each
The Oscillation Amplitude situation of node intuitively and is easy to observe.R.Capozucca in 2018 etc. " Composite Structures " hair
" the Experimental vibration response of homogeneous beam models damaged by of table
Notches and strengthened by CFRP lamina " obtains the intrinsic of homogeneous beam using the method for finite element analysis
Frequency and modal response, simulation result and experiment are close.But it studies the intrinsic frequency and mould for focusing primarily upon CFRP layer plywood
The acquisition of state response, is not analyzed for the specific process of workpiece, the vibration of material when can not obtain the processing such as milling
Amplitude.For the Oscillation Amplitude of workpiece in CFRP milling process, research at this stage is less, lacks and obtains in CFRP milling process
Oscillation Amplitude effective ways.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming prior art defect, Workpiece vibration width in a kind of acquisition CFRP milling process has been invented
The method of degree.This method is directed to the CFRP milling under different machining states, obtains Milling Force using experiment.Based on ABABQUS
Finite element stimulation software establishes the lower simplified CFRP layer plywood Milling Process limit element artificial module of Milling Force excitation.
Model is by the way of Equivalent Modeling, it is contemplated that the folder of bolt in the different laying directions of practical CFRP layer plywood and process
Hold state.The Milling Force that experiment obtains is loaded at milling active position in model by way of concentrated force；Finally, lead to
Cross the Oscillation Amplitude that simulation calculation obtains workpiece.By calculating the simulation model under different clamp positions, CFRP layer is obtained
In plywood milling, the Oscillation Amplitude of workpiece different location under different conditions.The method overcome experimental methods to measure workpiece amplitude
When process it is cumbersome, instrumentation is complicated, and time cost is high, the problem of can not obtaining workpiece body vibration amplitude and deformation.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of method for obtaining CFRP workpiece milling vibration amplitude, characterized in that should
Approach application tests the technology combined with finite element simulation, first measures Milling Force in milling experiment；Milling Force is resettled to swash
The CFRP layer plywood Milling Process limit element artificial module of lower simplification is encouraged, for true reflection composite material attribute, which is based on
Equivalent homogenizing method considers its anisotropy and laying direction；Later, to improve computational efficiency, according to practical Milling Process feelings
Cutter is reduced to be applied to the concentrfated load on workpiece to the shear action of workpiece, and the Milling Force that experiment obtains is led by condition
Enter in simulation model as this concentrfated load, is based on this simplification, is not necessarily to consider the failure of material in simulation model process
And tool-workpiece contact, it greatly reduces and calculates the time；Finally, can obtain CFRP milling by calculating the simulation model and add
The Oscillation Amplitude of workpiece different location during work；Specific step is as follows for method:
Step 1: the clamping CFRP workpiece on numerical control machining center puts up dynamometer, and setting technological parameter is milled
Experiment is cut, exports Milling Force using dynamometer；
Step 2: establishing the geometrical model of CFRP layer plywood A Yu support section B respectively, two geometrical models are disposed as three
Tie up deformable body；Wherein, CFRP layer plywood A is made of the laying of different fiber angles；
Step 3: grid division, setting unit type
Respectively CFRP layer plywood A and support section B grid division, setting unit type；Due to model comparison rule, adopt
Neutral axis algorithm is taken to be easier to obtain the grid of cell configuration rule.The amplitude of workpiece and the shape of grid are related, using other
Shape such as: wedge shape, computational accuracy do not have hexahedron precision high.Therefore CFRP layer plywood A and support section B are all made of neutral axis calculation
Method generates hexahedral mesh by sweeping mode, and sweeping direction is thickness direction；CFRP layer plywood A cell type is eight nodal lines
Property hexahedron Reduced Integral shell unit, support section B cell type be eight node linear hexahedron Reduced Integral units；
Step 4: the material properties of different piece are set
Since CFRP layer plywood A shows orthotropy and brittleness characteristic, machine direction and vertical is assigned respectively
The material properties of machine direction；Since the fiber angles between CFRP layer plywood A different layers are different, and laminate is than relatively thin, institute
Material property is assigned in the method using creation composite layer, the continuous shell unit type based on shell theory is selected, layer is set
The number of plies N of plywood；The global coordinate systems of laying direction selecting system default, are arranged the fiber angles θ between different layers；Its
The relative thickness of middle unit is 1, and relevant material properties are arranged；It should be noted that selection and the thickness direction in laying region
Grid dividing is related, therefore needs that different unit sets is arranged according to different laying regions in thickness direction, corresponding to assign
Material properties；The different unit set of different laying regional choices；Material properties after imparting can pass through interrogation model spy
Property, whether the fiber angles of every layer of verifying are correct；
Step 5: being directed respectively into the component of CFRP layer plywood A Yu support section B, its relative position is adjusted, in milling cutter and layer
Reference point and reference planes are arranged to apply the active force of different directions in the initial position of plywood contact；
Step 6: setting analysis step, constraint and the way of contact
Simulation analysis is carried out using dynamic explicit analysis step, output request manager and history on the scene export request manager
It is middle to define required output variable respectively；It, will due to not considering the abrasion of support section in emulation, while in order to improve computational efficiency
Support section is constrained to rigid body by Rigid Body；Define the constraint and the way of contact of CFRP layer plywood A and support section B；
The reference planes of the reference point of milling position and Milling Force effect are constrained together using Coupling；In order to avoid calculating
It is invaded in journey, defines universal contact between in all contacts of model；
Step 7: setting load and boundary condition
The position being clamped by bolt is set to apply pressure loading in CFRP layer plywood A Milling Processes first；Then
It tests the power measured and imports software, the reference point of milling position is applied to by way of concentrated force；And limit the 6 of support section
A freedom degree；The basic representation of unit amplitude of the laminate under power effect is as follows:
Wherein,It is acceleration, M is quality, and K is rigidity, and F (t) is external applied load, and x is amplitude；
Step 8: submitting analysis, obtain Workpiece vibration amplitude in CFRP Milling Processes
Submission task carries out simulation calculation, to obtain the Oscillation Amplitude of workpiece in CFRP Milling Processes；In result
Passing through creation in file needs the field of observation point to export the Oscillation Amplitude that the point can be obtained, and by changing observation point, can obtain
Take the amplitude of CFRP layer plywood different location.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows according to practical Milling Process situation, cutter is reduced to apply to the shear action of workpiece
The concentrfated load being added on workpiece, and the Milling Force that experiment is obtained imports and is used as this concentrfated load in simulation model, is based on this
One simplifies, and is not necessarily to consider failure and the tool-workpiece contact of material in simulation model process, when greatly reducing calculating
Between.Process is cumbersome when solving experimental method measurement workpiece amplitude, and instrumentation is complicated, and time cost is high, can not obtain workpiece
It is the problem of body vibration amplitude and deformation, limited by establishing the lower simplified CFRP layer plywood Milling Process of Milling Force excitation
First simulation model, the Milling Force that Binding experiment measures, the Vibration Condition of workpiece, obtains workpiece when analogue simulation milling CFRP
The Oscillation Amplitude of different location.It can be realized the analysis to Oscillation Amplitude situation in CFRP Milling Process using this method, obtain
CFRP layer plywood different location Oscillation Amplitude be conducive to instruct the inhibition of Workpiece vibration and damage in Milling Processes.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the lower simplified CFRP layer plywood Milling Process limit element artificial module of Milling Force excitation, and A is CFRP layer conjunction
Plate, B are support section, and Fx, Fy, Fz are the Milling Forces for applying different directions, and P1, P2, P3 are the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd observation respectively
Point, RP1, RP2, RP3 are the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd reference point respectively, and 1,2,3,4,5 be the position clamped with 5 bolts, and 1,3,5 are
The position clamped with 3 bolts.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart for obtaining CFRP layer plywood different location amplitude.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to technical solution and the attached drawing specific embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention is based on ABAQUS finite element stimulation softwares, process on silver dollar GONA five-axis NC machine center.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart for obtaining CFRP layer plywood different location amplitude, the analogy method of Workpiece vibration amplitude in CFRP milling process
Specific step is as follows:
Step 1: the clamping CFRP workpiece on silver dollar GONA five-axis NC machine center puts up KISTLER dynamometer,
It tests using the micro- tooth milling cutter progress milling experiment of multiple-cutting-edge, speed of mainshaft 3000n/min, feed speed 280mm/min, cutting-in 2mm,
Milling Force is exported in real time using dynamometer；
Step 2: establishing the geometrical model of CFRP layer plywood A Yu support section B respectively, two geometrical models are disposed as three
Tie up deformable body；Wherein the length of CFRP layer plywood A is L1For 120mm, width is W1For 30mm, height is H1For 4mm, in CFRP
The region of the position setting loaded load of laminate bolt clamping, the radius R=3mm in region, region equally-spaced, in length
Direction regional center isolated edge L '=20mm, in width direction regional center isolated edge W '=15mm；Support section
Length is L2For 120mm, width is W2For 20mm, height is H2For 10mm, the outstanding length that CFRP layer plywood stretches out is L=10mm；
Step 3: being respectively CFRP layer plywood A and support section B grid division, the mesh-density of component is consistent, such as Fig. 1 institute
Show.Due to model comparison rule, neutral axis algorithm is taken to be easier to obtain the grid of cell configuration rule.The amplitude and net of workpiece
The shape of lattice is related, such as using other shapes: wedge shape, and computational accuracy does not have hexahedron precision high, and amplitude is hexahedral 2
Times or so.CFRP layer plywood A and support section B is all made of neutral axis algorithm and generates hexahedral mesh, sweeping by sweeping mode
Direction is thickness direction.The side length of element of CFRP layer plywood A is about 1mm, and cell type is eight node linear hexahedrons decrement product
Divide shell unit, the side length of element of support section B is about 5mm, and cell type is eight node linear hexahedron Reduced Integral units；Point
Not Sheng Cheng net member, and for support member B be arranged reference point: the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd reference point RP1, RP2, RP3.
Step 4: assigning corresponding material properties to each net member；In view of the fibre between CFRP layer plywood A different layers
It is different to tie up angle, and every layer than relatively thin, so assigning material property using the method for creation composite layer, selection is managed based on shell
The continuous shell unit type of opinion, setting laminate laying are 10.The global cartesian coordinate system of laying direction selecting system default,
Then fiber angles between different layers are set, the laying direction of model is [(- 45/0/45/90)2/0/0]s.Wherein, unit
Relative thickness be 1, relevant material properties are set.It should be noted that the selection in laying region and the grid of thickness direction are drawn
It is point related, due to grid has divided 5 grids in thickness and CFRP layer plywood A has 10 layers altogether.Therefore, it is set in thickness direction needs
5 different unit sets are set, there are two different for the different unit set of different laying regional choices, i.e. a unit set
The laying of fiber angles., can be by interrogation model characteristic after having assigned material properties, whether the fiber angles of every layer of verifying
Correctly.Specific material parameter is as shown in table 1 below, and the material parameter of support member is as shown in table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
Wherein, E is elasticity modulus, and G is modulus of shearing, and ν is Poisson's ratio, and ρ is density.
Step 5: being directed respectively into the component of CFRP layer plywood A Yu support section B, its relative position is adjusted, in milling cutter and layer
The initial position setting reference point and reference planes of plywood contact are to apply load, such as attached drawing 1.Wherein, the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd reference
Height of point RP1, RP2, the RP3 apart from workpiece is 1mm, and reference planes are 10mm in Fx, the area in the direction Fy, the direction Fz
Area is 4mm；
Step 6: simulation analysis is carried out using dynamic explicit analysis step, it is on the scene to export and in history output request manager points
It Ding Yi not required output variable；Define the constraint and the way of contact of CFRP layer plywood A and support section B；Due to not examined in emulation
Consider the abrasion of support section, while in order to improve computational efficiency, support section is constrained to rigid body by Rigid Body；It will milling
The reference planes of the reference point and Milling Force effect of cutting position are constrained together, as shown in attached drawing one using Coupling；In order to
It avoids invading in calculating process, defines universal contact between in all contacts of model, define CFRP layer plywood A and support
Part B contact；
Step 7: so that the position being clamped by bolt is applied pressure loading in CFRP layer plywood A Milling Processes first,
Load is 20MPa, perpendicular to workpiece surface；Limit 6 freedom degrees of support section.Then power experiment measured imports soft
Part is vertically applied to the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd ginseng of milling position by Fx, Fy, Fz by way of concentrated force with workpiece surface
Examination point RP1, RP2, RP3, as shown in Fig. 1.The Milling Force applied when being clamped with 5 bolts are as follows: the average value of Fx is 18.89N,
The average value of Fy is 18.35N, and the average value of Fz is 4.87N.The Milling Force applied when being clamped with 3 bolts are as follows: the average value of Fx
It is 15.54N, the average value of Fy is 16.41N, and the average value of Fz is 4.03N.
Step 8: submitting task, simulation calculation is carried out, to obtain Workpiece vibration amplitude in CFRP milling process；In result
Need the field output of observation point that the Oscillation Amplitude of the point can be obtained by creation in file, the 1st observation point P1 is apart from width side
To about 7mm；Five bolt clamping simulation result Oscillation Amplitude average values are 0.00154mm, and three bolts clamp simulation result
Oscillation Amplitude average value is 0.000834mm.
By changing the output position of different observation points, to obtain the amplitude situation of CFRP layer plywood A different location.2nd
Observation point P2 is about 40mm apart from width direction, and the 3rd observation point P3 is about 70mm apart from width direction.Obtain five bolt clampings
When result: the 2nd observation point P2 Oscillation Amplitude average value is 0.00221mm, and the 3rd observation point P3 Oscillation Amplitude average value is
0.00258mm.When three bolt clampings, the 2nd observation point P2 Oscillation Amplitude average value is 0.00106mm, the 3rd observation point P3 vibration
Amplitude average value is 0.00147mm.
This method simulates Workpiece vibration situation in CFRP milling process, can be realized using this method and adds to CFRP milling
The CFRP layer plywood different location Oscillation Amplitude of the analysis of Oscillation Amplitude situation in work, acquisition is conducive to instruct Milling Processes
The inhibition of middle Workpiece vibration and damage.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for obtaining CFRP workpiece milling vibration amplitude, characterized in that this method is with experiment and finite element simulation
Combined technology first measures Milling Force in milling experiment；Then, the lower simplified CFRP layer plywood milling of Milling Force excitation is established
Cut processing limit element artificial module；The model is based on equivalent homogenizing method, considers its anisotropy and laying direction；According to reality
Cutter is reduced to be applied to the concentrfated load on workpiece to the shear action of workpiece, and experiment is obtained by Milling Process situation
Milling Force import simulation model in, as this concentrfated load；Finally, obtaining CFRP milling by calculating the simulation model and adding
The Oscillation Amplitude of workpiece different location during work；Specific step is as follows for method:
Step 1: the clamping CFRP workpiece on numerical control machining center puts up dynamometer, and it is real that setting technological parameter carries out milling
It tests, exports Milling Force using dynamometer；
Step 2: establishing the geometrical model of CFRP layer plywood (A) Yu support section (B) respectively, two geometrical models are disposed as three
Tie up deformable body；Wherein CFRP layer plywood is made of the laying of different fiber angles；
Step 3: grid division, setting unit type
Respectively CFRP layer plywood (A) and support section (B) grid division, setting unit type；Due to model comparison rule, work
The amplitude of part and the shape of grid are related, and neutral axis algorithm is taken to be easier to obtain the grid of cell configuration rule；CFRP layer closes
Plate (A) and support section (B) are all made of neutral axis algorithm and generate hexahedral mesh by sweeping mode, and sweeping direction is thickness side
To；CFRP layer plywood (A) cell type is eight node linear hexahedron Reduced Integral shell units, support section (B) cell type
For eight node linear hexahedron Reduced Integral units；
Step 4: the material properties of different piece are set
Since CFRP layer plywood (A) shows orthotropy and brittleness characteristic, machine direction and vertical fibre are assigned respectively
Tie up the material properties in direction；Since the fiber angles between CFRP layer plywood (A) different layers are different, and laminate is than relatively thin, institute
Material property is assigned in the method using creation composite layer, the continuous shell unit type based on shell theory is selected, layer is set
The number of plies N of plywood；The global coordinate systems of laying direction selecting system default, are arranged the fiber angles θ between different layers；Its
The relative thickness of middle unit is 1, and relevant material properties are arranged；It should be noted that selection and the thickness direction in laying region
Grid dividing is related, therefore needs that different unit sets is arranged according to different laying regions in thickness direction, corresponding to assign
Material properties；The different unit set of different laying regional choices；Material properties after imparting, by interrogation model characteristic,
Whether correct verify every layer of fiber angles；
Step 5: being directed respectively into the component of CFRP layer plywood (A) Yu support section (B), its relative position is adjusted, in milling cutter and layer
Reference point and reference planes are arranged to apply the active force of different directions in the initial position of plywood contact；
Step 6: setting analysis step, constraint and the way of contact
Simulation analysis is carried out using dynamic explicit analysis step, is divided in output request manager and history output request manager on the scene
It Ding Yi not required output variable；It, will due to not considering the abrasion of support section (B) in emulation, while in order to improve computational efficiency
Support section (B) is constrained to rigid body by Rigid Body；It defines the constraint of CFRP layer plywood (A) and support section (B) and connects
Touching mode；The reference planes of the reference point of milling position and Milling Force effect are constrained together using Coupling；In order to keep away
Exempt to invade in calculating process, defines universal contact between in all contacts of model；
Step 7: setting load and boundary condition
The position being clamped by bolt is set to apply pressure loading in CFRP layer plywood (A) Milling Processes first；Then reality
The power that test obtains imports software, and the reference point of milling position is applied to by way of concentrated force；And limit 6 of support section
Freedom degree；The basic representation of unit amplitude of the laminate under power effect is as follows:
Wherein,It is acceleration, M is quality, and K is rigidity, and F (t) is external applied load, and x is amplitude；
Step 8: submitting analysis, obtain Workpiece vibration amplitude in CFRP Milling Processes
Submission task carries out simulation calculation, to obtain the Oscillation Amplitude of workpiece in CFRP Milling Processes；In destination file
In by creation need the field of observation point export, obtain the Oscillation Amplitude of the point, pass through change observation point, acquisition CFRP layer plywood
The amplitude of different location.
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| CN111736529A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-10-02 | 南京理工大学 | Method for improving cutting angle of carbon fiber reinforced composite material fiber based on ultrasonic milling |
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