CN110375973A - A kind of detection method and mileage conversion method of oil-pressure damper fatigue life - Google Patents
A kind of detection method and mileage conversion method of oil-pressure damper fatigue life Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to oil-pressure damper detection technique fields, more particularly to the detection method and mileage conversion method of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life, oil-pressure damper is installed to being loaded on damper fatigue test board for a long time, loaded load is chosen referring to load of the relevant criterion to damper life requirement, and alternately life test and performance test, detection is unsatisfactory for the requirement of damper up to the result in performance test, then records the service life times N that long-term load test number corresponding to a preceding performance test is damper.The present invention has effectively filled up the blank of oil-pressure damper life test and line equivalent, it is convenient for preferably estimating damper military service mileage in the design phase simultaneously, it is convenient that degraded data of the damper in long-term loading procedure is obtained during damper performance study, it is of great significance to the application development for promoting oil-pressure damper.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection technique fields of oil-pressure damper used in bullet train, and in particular to a kind of for motor-car
The detection method and mileage conversion method of oil-pressure damper fatigue life.
Background technique
Oil-pressure damper is the key components and parts of railway transport vehicle, for guarantee safety of the vehicle under high-speed cruising and
Stablize most important.Damper in design typification, estimate by the mileage that needs to be on active service to it, checks related damper energy
It is no to meet actual demand.Meanwhile in the maintenance procedure of certain type bullet train, damper is reported after running 2,400,000 kilometers
Useless processing.In the damper being scrapped, a considerable amount of damper performances meet requirement.For this part damper
Remaining life is carried out long-term load by test, studies the service life of damper for security reasons.Determine it in reality
Lower mileage that can be on active service of border route service condition, so that the maintenance to damper carries out more reasonable arrangement and planning.
Country in 2015 promulgated " locomotive vehicle oil hydraulic damper " for instruct locomotive vehicle oil hydraulic damper design,
Sizing.The standard is made that detailed regulation, i.e. the load regulation time under the conditions of ordinance load to the durability of damper performance
Requirement is met to damper performance after number, then damper meets life requirement.
The existing durability detection test for damper has the following problems: 1, durability test is just in its rule
The performance of damper after determining number load meets requirement, does not obtain longevity of the damper in the case where the load loads for a long time
Order number；2, durability test load lacks the test of the damping force of damper during loading, can not obtain and test
The degenerate case of damper device performance in journey；3, durability test is the performance for examining damper after load acts on certain number
It is whether stable, and practical damper with and maintenance be with mileage for guidance.
For this purpose, the present invention provides a kind of life test method of oil-pressure damper, loaded with obtaining damper for a long time
Performance degradation rule in journey, while the life test number of damper can be equivalent to the algorithm of military service mileage.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide the detection sides of oil-pressure damper fatigue life a kind of
Method and mileage conversion method effectively fill up the blank of life test and line equivalent, while convenient for preferably in the design phase pair
Damper military service mileage is estimated, damper is on the other hand obtained during damper performance study in long-term loading procedure
In degraded data, to promote oil-pressure damper application development be of great significance.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of detection method of oil-pressure damper fatigue life, oil-pressure damper is installed to damper fatigue test board
It being loaded for a long time, loaded load reference standard TBT1491-2015 chooses the load of damper life requirement, and
Alternately life test and performance test record the damping force F of damper, the relative displacement at damper both ends in detection process
The relative velocity v of x and damper both ends, the performance test include that static test and dynamic are tested, and the static test is to want
The damping force under test speed is asked to meet requirement, the dynamic test is that damper is required to show that function curve do not shake
It swings, jump, distort；Detection is unsatisfactory for the requirement of damper up to the result in performance test, then remembers that a preceding performance is surveyed
The corresponding long-term load test number of examination is the service life times N of damper.
Further, in the detection process, by using cooling provision to damper, the surface temperature for controlling damper is
80 DEG C or less.
A kind of detection method and mileage conversion method of oil-pressure damper fatigue life, setting damper are cold in two groups of differences
But the long-term load test under the conditions of, temperature are respectively T1、T2, calculate separately under condition of different temperatures, damper comprehensive performance with
The deterioration velocity of load, by T1、T2At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio simultaneous, solve B, E two in Arrhenius model ginsengs
Number, and then determine Arrhenius model；
Surface temperature when damper is on active service under line condition is T3, according to Arrhenius model, compared to damper
In T1At a temperature of accelerated factor AFFor,
In formula, AFFor accelerated factor；T1、T3Absolute temperature under respectively two kinds of Different Cooling Conditions；L1、L3Respectively subtract
Device shake in T1、T3At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio；B is a constant relevant to model application；E is natural constant；E is
Activation energy, it is related with material；B is the graceful hereby constant of bohr, b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K.
It is then based on SIMPACK simulation software, the dynamics of vehicle is established according to the kinetic parameter of bullet train vehicle
Model obtains the loading conditions of damper by the kinetic model of vehicle, extracts the damping force F and vibration damping at damper both ends
The ENERGY E of run unit km damper dissipation is calculated in the relative velocity v at device both ends1,
In formula, E1For the energy to dissipate in run unit km damper；F is the damping force of damper；V is damper two
The relative velocity at end；t1、t2Respectively sample the starting and ending time；The mileage run for vehicle in the sampling time.
Damper is subjected to above-mentioned fatigue life detection, in T1At a temperature of, the service life number of damper before failure is N.
It has carried out testing among n times altogether before defective shock absorber, has acquired the damping force F and damper two at the damper both ends in a period
The relative velocity v at end, calculates in T1At a temperature of, the average loaded energy E in a period2,
Wherein, E2For in the monocycle to the average loaded energy of damper；F is the damping force of damper；V is damper two
The relative velocity at end；t1、t2Respectively sample the starting and ending time；A is that signal acquisition obtains periodicity；N is the total of intermediate test
Number；
In T1At a temperature of, damper is during long-term load, the gross energy E of loadtotalFor
Etotal=NE2
In formula, EtotalFor the gross energy loaded in long-term loading procedure；N is the service life number of damper in long-term load；
E2For in the monocycle to the average loaded energy of damper.
It is located at T1The life test of damper is carried out under the conditions of temperature, the gross energy loaded before failure is Etotal；Pass through
It is E that simulation model, which calculates under unit mileage damper by loaded energy,1；In the temperature operation of route, subtract after stable
Vibration device surface temperature is T3；From the angle of energy and temperature, by damper in T1At a temperature of long-term loading environment under service life time
Number N is scaled in T3At a temperature of equivalent lifetime mileage S,
In formula, S is equivalent mileage；EtotalFor the gross energy loaded in long-term loading procedure；E1For in run unit km
The energy that damper dissipates；AFFor accelerated factor.
Further, degradation ratio measuring and calculating process is specifically, be arranged the long-term load under two groups of Different Cooling Conditions of damper
Test, temperature is respectively T1、T2, calculate separately under condition of different temperatures, damper comprehensive performance is determined with the deterioration velocity of load
The difference of maximum tension damping force and maximum compression damping force is referred to as absolute difference under each static test frequency of justice；All previous quiet
In state test, cover m test frequency, respectively f1、f2、…、fm；N times performance test is carried out in long-term load, respectively in length
Phase load number reaches N1、N2、…、Nn；Under temperature, the absolute difference of each test frequency is tied in sum for n times test
Fruit carries out linear fit, and fitting obtains degeneration with load number of the absolute difference under j-th of test frequency under long-term load
Rate L'jAnd goodness of fit r2'j。L'jAnd r2'jCalculating formula difference is as follows,
In formula, L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio for loading number；N is the sum of intermediate test；xiIt is i-th
Corresponding load number when secondary test；yjiFor test frequency fjThe value of absolute difference corresponding to i-th.
In formula, L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio for loading number；N is the sum of intermediate test；xiIt is i-th
Corresponding load number when secondary test；yjiFor in i-th test frequency fjThe value of corresponding absolute difference；r2'jFor frequency fj
The linear fit goodness of corresponding absolute difference and load number.
L after deletion fittingjThe degeneration result of ' > 0, if f after rejectingjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio L' for loading numberjNumber
For p.By the degeneration to the absolute difference of damper under each frequency according to goodness of fit r2'jIt is weighted to obtain damper performance
Comprehensive degradation ratio L, calculation formula are as follows:
In formula, L be damper synthesis degradation ratio, M be sensitive parameter relevant to the service life, dM/dt indicate damper with
The degeneration of service life relevant sensitive parameter at any time；P is f after rejectingjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio L' for loading numberjNumber；
r2'jFor frequency fjThe linear fit goodness of corresponding absolute difference and load number；L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with load
The degradation ratio of number.
In the above manner, obtaining damper in T1At a temperature of damper synthesis degradation ratio L1, in T2At a temperature of damper
Synthesis degradation ratio L2。
Further, the calculation formula of the Arrhenius model is
In formula, L is the synthesis degradation ratio of damper at a certain temperature；M is sensitive parameter relevant to the service life, dM/dt
Indicate the degeneration of damper sensitive parameter relevant to the service life at any time；B is a constant relevant to model application；e
For natural constant；E is activation energy, related with material；B is the graceful hereby constant of bohr, b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K；T is absolutely warm
Degree.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the detection method and mileage of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life proposed by the present invention
Conversion method, by alternately life test and performance test, detection is until the result in performance test is unsatisfactory for damper
Requirement, then obtain long-term load test number corresponding to a preceding performance test be damper service life times N；So
The kinetic model for establishing vehicle based on SIMPACK simulation software afterwards, obtains the loading conditions of damper, and damper can exist
Service life times N under long-term loading environment is scaled equivalent lifetime mileage S, so that the life test number for obtaining damper is equivalent
For the algorithm of military service mileage, the blank of life test and line equivalent is effectively filled up；Meanwhile considering that temperature moves back damper performance
The influence of change, the influence by different temperatures to damper are converted；This method is convenient for preferably in the design phase to damper
Military service mileage is estimated, convenient that degeneration number of the damper in long-term loading procedure is obtained during damper performance study
According to, to promote oil-pressure damper application development be of great significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that damper of the present invention tests loading principle figure；
Fig. 2 is the damping force Degenerate Graphs of certain EMU anti-hunting damper holder of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the figure in test example of the present invention after a part of frequency lower linear fitting rejecting；
Fig. 4 is the figure in test example of the present invention after another part frequency lower linear fitting rejecting；
In figure, the left end 1- mounting base, 2- damper, the right mounting base of 3-, 4- displacement, speed, force snesor, 5- guide holder, 6
Guide holder, 7- actuator.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
It is as described below.
Embodiment
A kind of detection method of oil-pressure damper fatigue life, oil-pressure damper is installed to damper fatigue test board
It being loaded for a long time, loaded load reference standard TBT1491-2015 chooses the load of damper life requirement, and
Alternately life test and performance test；The damping force F of damper, the relative displacement at damper both ends are recorded in detection process
The relative velocity v of x and damper both ends, the performance test include that static test and dynamic are tested, and the static test is to want
The damping force under nominal test speed is asked to meet requirement, the dynamic test is that damper is required to show that function curve does not occur
Concussion, jump, distortion；Detection is unsatisfactory for the requirement of damper up to the result in performance test, then disposable before record
The service life times N that corresponding long-term load test number is damper can be tested, oil-pressure damper can be obtained in specified load
Lotus load for a long time under service life times N.
Oil-pressure damper is different with temperature condition locating when actual motion in long-term load, considers different temperatures to vibration damping
The damage of the rubber structures such as device sealing element introduces Arrhenius model, reflects influence of the temperature to damper performance degradation, together
When, the damper performance degradation rate under different temperatures can be converted as the following formula, Arrhenius model is
In formula, L is the life characteristics of damper；M is sensitive parameter relevant to the service life, and dM/dt indicates damper and longevity
Order the degeneration of relevant sensitive parameter at any time；B is constant；E is natural number；E is activation energy, is indicated needed for changing materials behavior
Energy；B is the graceful hereby constant b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K of bohr；T is absolute temperature.
The long-term load examination that influence of the temperature to damper performance needs damper to be arranged under two kinds of Different Cooling Conditions
It tests, and interts in centre and be tested for the property；If after two kinds of cooling condition temperature are stablized, damper surface temperature is T1、T2；It is logical
Calculating damper is crossed in T1、T2The degeneration of sensitive parameter at any time under the conditions of temperature solves B, E, and then obtains damper
Arrhenius model.
The damping force variation of damper can accurately reflect the performance change of damper, and the performance of damper embodies master
If damping force is in the defined margin of tolerance under nominal test speed；But because comprising stretching under the same test load
Maximum damping force and compression maximum damping force, therefore define maximum tension damping force and maximum compression under each static test frequency
The difference of damping force is referred to as absolute difference, and using absolute difference as the life sensitive parameter of damper；Damper loaded for a long time
The performance test of n times has been carried out in journey, has recorded the degenerate case of absolute difference under each test frequency；It will be to each test frequency
Under degeneration comprehensively considered, assessment damper performance degradation situation at different frequencies obtains in Arrhenius model
Sensitive parameter with load degeneration dM/dt；
With temperature T1For, m test frequency, respectively f are covered in static properties test1、f2、…、fm；In long-term load
N times performance test is carried out, reaches N in load number for a long time respectively1、N2、…、Nn；By the absolute difference of each test frequency in sum
Carry out linear fit for n times test result, fitting obtain absolute difference under j-th of test frequency under long-term load with load
The degradation ratio L' of numberjAnd goodness of fit r2'j；L'jAnd r2'jCalculating formula difference is as follows:
In formula, L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio for loading number；N is the sum of intermediate test；xiIt is i-th
Corresponding load number when secondary test；yjiFor test frequency fjThe value of absolute difference corresponding to i-th.
In formula, L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio for loading number；N is the sum of intermediate test；xiIt is i-th
Corresponding load number when secondary test；yjiFor in i-th test frequency fjThe value of corresponding absolute difference；r2'jFor frequency fj
The linear fit goodness of corresponding absolute difference and load number.
L' after deletion fittingj> 0 degeneration is as a result, set f after rejectingjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio L' for loading numberjNumber
For p.The synthesis degradation ratio L of damper is by the degeneration to the absolute difference of damper under each frequency according to goodness of fit r2'jIt carries out
Weighting obtains；Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, L is the synthesis degradation ratio of damper；M be sensitive parameter relevant to the service life, dM/dt indicate damper with
The degeneration of service life relevant sensitive parameter at any time；P is f after rejectingjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio L' for loading numberjNumber；
r2'jFor frequency fjThe linear fit goodness of corresponding absolute difference and load number；L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with load
The degradation ratio of number.
In the above manner, obtaining damper in T1At a temperature of damper synthesis degradation ratio L1, in T2At a temperature of damper
Synthesis degradation ratio L2, by T1、T2At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio simultaneous, A, E two in Arrhenius model can be solved
Parameter, and then determine model.
According to Arrhenius model, there are accelerated factor AFThe conversion of the degeneration relationship between different temperatures is carried out,
In formula, AFFor accelerated factor；T0、T1Absolute temperature under respectively two kinds of Different Cooling Conditions；L0、L1Respectively subtract
Device shake in T0、T1At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio；B is a constant relevant to model application；E is natural constant；E is
Activation energy, it is related with material；B is the graceful hereby constant of bohr, b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K.
If surface temperature when damper is on active service under line condition is T3, so compared to damper in T1At a temperature of
Accelerated factor AFCalculation formula are as follows:
In formula, AFFor accelerated factor；T1、T3Absolute temperature under respectively two kinds of Different Cooling Conditions；L1、L3Respectively subtract
Device shake in T1、T3At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio；B is a constant relevant to model application；E is natural constant；E is
Activation energy, it is related with material；B is the graceful hereby constant of bohr, b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K.
In addition, it is assumed that defective shock absorber element meets linear elasticity and Hooke's law, load deflection load are as follows:
X=Asin (2 π ft)
In formula, A is load amplitude；F is loading frequency；T is the time.
The available energy e' loaded in single loading cycle are as follows:
E'=2kA2
In formula, e' is the energy loaded in single loading cycle；K is material stiffness；A is load amplitude.
It is respectively x in external load1、x2When, Failure count respectively corresponds n1、n2。
Assuming that external load energy is E at this moment0When, it may be assumed that
E0=n1·e'1=n2·e'2
In formula, E0For external load energy；n1、n2The number respectively loaded；e'1、e'2Respectively in n1、n2Load time
The corresponding monocycle loaded energy of number.
Relationship between frequency n and load amplitude A is then loaded to be expressed as:
n1·A1 2=n2·A2 2
In formula, n1、n2The number of respectively different loads；A1、A2For n1、n2Corresponding load amplitude.
Because of stress σ, there are following relationships with amplitude A again:
In formula, σ is the maximum stress in a loading cycle；Maximum, force suffered by material when F is load；S' is that material is transversal
Face area.
Therefore relationship is expressed as between load frequency n and load amplitude A:
n1·σ1 2=n2·σ2 2
In formula, n1、n2The number of respectively different loads；σ1、σ2Respectively n1、n2Corresponding under loading environment is answered
Power.
The relational expression trend approximation meets Miner defect theory, right so as to think when external loaded energy is equal
It is damaged caused by element also equal.
In order to realize that the test life of damper test is equivalent to actual motion route, need to obtain damper before failure
The loaded energy of damper in the load gross energy and unit mileage of test.
Then with damper in T1For under the conditions of temperature, damper is carried out to above-mentioned fatigue life detection, damper
Service life number before failure is N.It has carried out testing among n times altogether before defective shock absorber, has acquired the damper two in a period
The damping force F at end and the relative velocity v at damper both ends calculate the average loaded energy E in a period2, E2Calculating it is public
Formula is as follows:
In formula, E2For in the monocycle to the average loaded energy of damper；F is the damping force of damper；V is damper two
The relative velocity at end；t1、t2Respectively sample the starting and ending time；A is that signal acquisition obtains periodicity；N is the total of intermediate test
Number.
In T1Temperature condition, damper is during long-term load, the gross energy E of loadtotalAre as follows:
Etotal=NE2
In formula, EtotalFor the gross energy loaded in long-term loading procedure；N is the service life number of damper in long-term load；
E2For in long-term loading procedure, to the average loaded energy of damper in the monocycle.
Based on SIMPACK simulation software, the kinetic model of vehicle is established according to the kinetic parameter of bullet train vehicle,
By the kinetic model of vehicle, the loading conditions of damper are obtained, extract damping force F and the damper both ends at damper both ends
Relative velocity v, be calculated run unit km damper dissipation ENERGY E1, E1Calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula, E1For the energy to dissipate in run unit km damper；F is the damping force of damper；V is damper two
The relative velocity at end；t1、t2Respectively sample the starting and ending time；L is the mileage of vehicle operation in the sampling time.
In T1The life test of damper is carried out under the conditions of temperature, the gross energy loaded before failure is Etotal；By imitative
It is E that true mode, which calculates under unit mileage damper by loaded energy,1；In the temperature operation of route, stable rear vibration damping
Device surface temperature is T3；Therefore, from the angle of energy and temperature, damper is in T1At a temperature of long-term loading environment under service life
Times N can be scaled in T3At a temperature of equivalent lifetime mileage S, S calculation formula it is as follows:
In formula, S is equivalent mileage；EtotalFor the gross energy loaded in long-term loading procedure；E1For in run unit km
The energy that damper dissipates；AFFor accelerated factor.
Distance travelled of the oil-pressure damper in the case where rated load loads for a long time can be obtained.
Test example
1. the life test of oil-pressure damper
After being tested for the property to damper, oil-pressure damper is mounted on damper fatigue test board and add for a long time
Carry, test principle is as shown in Figure 1, in Fig. 1, left end mounting base 1, rubber nodal point 2, damper 3, right mounting base 4, displacement, speed,
Force snesor 5, guide holder 6, actuator 7.
The both ends of the damper 3 are fixedly connected with the mounting base 1,4 at left and right both ends respectively by rubber nodal point 2, actuation
Device 7 is fixedly connected with right mounting base 4, and sensor 5 is provided between actuator 7 and right mounting base 4, and the actuator 7 is passed through and led
It is arranged to seat 6, the guide holder 6 is used for Auxiliary support actuator 7；The damping force F at damper both ends is recorded during test, is subtracted
The relative displacement x and damper both ends relative velocity v at vibration device both ends；Loaded load reference standard TBT1491-2015, to vibration damping
The load of the life requirement of device is chosen, as shown in table 1；
1. durability test load of table
During the test, corresponding cooling provision is taken to the surface temperature of damper, controls damper surface temperature；
Meanwhile in long-term loading procedure, periodically damper is tested for the property, performance test is divided into static test and dynamic is surveyed
Examination, test load is as shown in table 2,
2. performance test load of table
Performance test requires damper in static test, and the damping force under nominal test speed meets requirement；It is dynamic
In state test, damper shows that concussion, jump, distortion does not occur in function curve；Test and test process in, damper there can be no
Situations such as oil leak, rubber nodal point cracks；If test result meets the requirement of damper, continue life test；Such as
The life test and performance test of this alternately damper record previous until the performance of damper is unsatisfactory for test requirements document
Long-term load test number corresponding to secondary performance test is the service life times N of damper.
2. damper performance degradation rule
It is long-term to add by joined the testing process of damper in the long-term loading procedure to oil-pressure damper life test
Whether the number of load depends on damper generation failure；Loading number can be more than the regulation time in shock absorber durability test
Number, and finally obtain the load number of damper before failure；Again because multiple performance test, has recorded damper and failing
The variation of preceding parameters, so the deterioration law with load number of damper is contained in performance test data, it can be with
Reflected by the maximum damping etc. in damper, thus obtain damper in degenerative process maximum damping value etc. with load
Degenerate case, the damping force of certain EMU damper is degenerated as shown in Figure 2 with load number.
3. being equivalent to the algorithm of military service mileage
Influence of 3.1 temperature to the damper service life
Long-term load test that damper is arranged under two kinds of Different Cooling Conditions is simultaneously tested for the property centre is interspersed；Subtract
Vibration device surface temperature is T1=313.15K (40 DEG C), T2=343.15K (70 DEG C)；By calculating damper in T1、T2Temperature strip
The degeneration of sensitive parameter at any time under part solves A, E, and then obtains the Arrhenius model of damper；
With temperature T1For, m test frequency, respectively f are covered in static properties test1、f2、…、fm；In long-term load
N times performance test is carried out, reaches N in load number for a long time respectively1、N2、…、Nn；By the absolute difference of each test frequency in sum
Carry out linear fit for n times test result, fitting obtain absolute difference under j-th of test frequency under long-term load with load
The degradation ratio L' of numberjAnd goodness of fit r2'j；L'jAnd r2'jCalculating formula difference is as follows,
In formula, L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio for loading number；N is the sum of intermediate test；xiIt is i-th
Corresponding load number when secondary test；yjiFor test frequency fjThe value of absolute difference corresponding to i-th.
In formula, L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio for loading number；N is the sum of intermediate test；xiIt is i-th
Corresponding load number when secondary test；yjiFor in i-th test frequency fjThe value of corresponding absolute difference；r2'jFor frequency fj
The linear fit goodness of corresponding absolute difference and load number.
L after deletion fittingjShown in linear fit result following Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 after > 0:
The synthesis degradation ratio L of damper is by the degeneration to the absolute difference of damper under each frequency according to goodness of fit r2'jr2It is weighted to obtain；Calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, L be damper synthesis degradation ratio, M be sensitive parameter relevant to the service life, dM/dt indicate damper with
The degeneration of service life relevant sensitive parameter at any time；P is L after rejectingjThe sum of remaining test frequency after > 0；r2'jFor frequency
fjThe linear fit goodness of corresponding absolute difference and load number；L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degeneration for loading number
Rate.
In the above manner, obtaining damper in T1At a temperature of damper synthesis degradation ratio L1, in T2At a temperature of damper
Synthesis degradation ratio L2, L1For L1=-0.0070144, L2=-0.01548176.
By T1、T2At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio simultaneous, two parameters of A, E in Arrhenius model can be solved, into
And determine model；Arrhenius model is,
In formula, L is the life characteristics of damper；M is sensitive parameter relevant to the service life, and dM/dt indicates damper and longevity
Order the degeneration of relevant sensitive parameter at any time；E is natural number；E is activation energy, indicates energy needed for changing materials behavior；T
For absolute temperature.
According to Arrhenius model, there are accelerated factor AFCarry out the conversion of the degeneration relationship between different temperatures；
In formula, AFFor accelerated factor；T0、T1Absolute temperature under respectively two kinds of Different Cooling Conditions；L0、L1Respectively subtract
Device shake in T0、T1At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio；B is a constant relevant to model application；E is natural constant；E is
Activation energy, it is related with material；B is the graceful hereby constant of bohr, b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K.When damper is on active service under line condition
Surface temperature be T3=323.15K (50 DEG C), so compared to damper in T1At a temperature of accelerated factor AFCalculation formula
Are as follows:
In formula, AFFor accelerated factor；T1、T3Absolute temperature under respectively two kinds of Different Cooling Conditions；L1、L3Respectively subtract
Device shake in T1、T3At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio；B is a constant relevant to model application；E is natural constant；E is
Activation energy, it is related with material；B is the graceful hereby constant of bohr, b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K.Solve AF=0.7556.
Influence of 3.2 energy to the damper service life
In equivalent operation, it is assumed that defective shock absorber element meets linear elasticity and Hooke's law, load deflection load are as follows:
X=Asin (2 π ft)
In formula, A is load amplitude, and f is loading frequency, and t is the load time；
The available energy e' loaded in single loading cycle are as follows:
E'=2kA2
Wherein, e is the energy loaded in single loading cycle；K is material stiffness；A is load amplitude.
It is respectively x in external load1、x2When, Failure count respectively corresponds n1、n2。
Assuming that external load energy is E at this moment0When, i.e.,
E0=n1·e'1=n2·e'2
In formula, E0For external load energy；n1、n2The number respectively loaded, e'1、e'2Respectively in n1、n2Load time
The corresponding monocycle loaded energy of number.
Relationship between frequency n and load amplitude A is then loaded to be expressed as:
n1·A1 2=n2·A2 2
In formula, n1、n2The number of respectively different loads, A1、A2For n1、n2Corresponding load amplitude.
Because of stress σ, there are following relationships with amplitude A again:
In formula, σ is the maximum stress in a loading cycle；Maximum, force suffered by material when F is load；S' is that material is transversal
Face area.
Therefore relationship is expressed as between load frequency n and load amplitude A:
n1·σ1 2=n2·σ2 2
In formula, n1、n2The number of respectively different loads, σ1、σ2Respectively n1、n2Corresponding under loading environment is answered
Power.
The relational expression trend approximation meets Miner defect theory, right so as to think when external loaded energy is equal
It is damaged caused by element also equal.
In order to realize that the test life of damper test is equivalent to actual motion route, need to obtain damper before failure
The loaded energy of damper in the load gross energy and unit mileage of test.
4. energy solves
It is equal based on loaded energy, caused by damage equal reasonable assumption, damper loaded energy will be changed in test
It calculates to the loaded energy of damper, that is, to realize damper between test load and actual motion mileage in actual track
It is equivalent；Therefore load of the life test to damper before seeking the energy load condition of damper on the line respectively and failing is needed
Gross energy.
Since the load test at damper both ends in actual track is difficult, therefore by the way of simulation calculation, to damper
Loaded energy on the line is calculated；In SIMPACK simulation software, joined according to the dynamics of certain type bullet train vehicle
Number establishes the kinetic model of vehicle；Meanwhile it should be with actual track phase by the accounting of the straight line of route and Curve Path in model
Symbol, curve section accounting is about 40% or so；The track excitation of model adds representative track spectrum, such as military
Wide spectrum；By the kinetic model of vehicle, loading conditions of the damper in actual track are obtained, the resistance at damper both ends is extracted
Buddhist nun's power F and damper both ends relative velocity v；The ENERGY E of run unit km damper dissipation is calculated1
In formula, E1For the energy to dissipate in run unit km damper；F is the damping force of damper；V is damper two
The relative velocity at end；t1、t2Respectively sample the starting and ending time；L is the mileage of vehicle operation in the sampling time.
What is calculated obtains the ENERGY E that damper dissipates in unit mileage1=118.77J.
With test in T1At a temperature of for damper test result.During test, it is in load number for a long time respectively
0,400,000,600,000,800,000,1,000,000,1,200,000 times and 1,400,000 times when carry out damper performance test, reach in test number (TN)
At 1200000 times, the performance test of damper meets requirement；At 1,400,000 times, performance test discovery damper has been lost
Effect.So damper is 1,200,000 times in the service life number loaded for a long time.Test acquires the number in 4 periods every time before failure
According to the loaded energy in 4 periods is as shown in table 3 below.
Loaded energy table in 3 four periods of table
Average loaded energy E in available a cycle2=252.31J.Load gross energy Etotal=3.0277 ×
10^8J。T1Temperature conversion is T3At a temperature of accelerated factor AF=0.7556.Service life of the damper under long-term loading environment time
120 × 10^4 of number can be scaled equivalent lifetime mileage S=194.7 × 10^6 km.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to described herein
Form should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be at this
In the text contemplated scope, modifications can be made through the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge.And those skilled in the art institute into
Capable modifications and changes do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should be in the protection scope of appended claims of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of detection method of oil-pressure damper fatigue life, oil-pressure damper is installed enterprising to damper fatigue test board
Row load, and alternately life test and performance test, which is characterized in that the damping force F of damper is recorded in detection process,
The relative displacement x at the damper both ends and relative velocity v at damper both ends, the performance test include that static test and dynamic are surveyed
Examination, the static test are that the damping force under test speed is required to meet requirement, and the dynamic test is to require vibration damping
Device shows that concussion, jump, distortion does not occur in function curve；Detection is until the result of performance test is unsatisfactory for the requirement of damper
When, then record the service life times N that load test number corresponding to a preceding performance test is damper.
2. the detection method of oil-pressure damper fatigue life according to claim 1 a kind of, which is characterized in that detecting
Cheng Zhong, by using cooling provision to damper, the surface temperature for controlling damper is 80 DEG C or less.
3. the detection method and mileage conversion method of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life, the detection method uses claim
Detection method in 1 or 2, which is characterized in that load test of the setting damper under two groups of Different Cooling Conditions, temperature difference
For T1、T2, calculate separately under condition of different temperatures, damper comprehensive performance with load deterioration velocity, by T1、T2At a temperature of
Comprehensive degradation ratio simultaneous solves two parameters of B, E in Arrhenius model, and then determines Arrhenius model；
Surface temperature when damper is on active service under line condition is T3, according to Arrhenius model, compared to damper in T1
At a temperature of accelerated factor AFAre as follows:
In formula, AFFor accelerated factor；T1、T3Absolute temperature under respectively two kinds of Different Cooling Conditions；L1、L3Respectively damper
In T1、T3At a temperature of synthesis degradation ratio；B is constant relevant to model application；E is natural constant；E is activation energy, with
Material is related；B is the graceful hereby constant of bohr, b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K.
4. the detection method and mileage conversion method of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life according to claim 3, special
Sign is, is based on SIMPACK simulation software, the kinetic model of vehicle is established according to train dynamics parameter, passes through vehicle
Kinetic model obtains the loading conditions of damper, extracts the damping force F at damper both ends and the relative velocity at damper both ends
The ENERGY E of run unit km damper dissipation is calculated in v1,
In formula, E1For the energy to dissipate in run unit km damper；F is the damping force of damper；V is damper both ends
Relative velocity；t1、t2Respectively sample the starting and ending time；L is the mileage of vehicle operation in the sampling time.
5. the detection method and mileage conversion method of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life according to claim 4, special
Sign is, in T1At a temperature of, the service life number of damper before failure is N, has carried out surveying among n times altogether before defective shock absorber
Examination acquires the damping force F at the damper both ends in a period and the relative velocity v at damper both ends, calculates in T1At a temperature of,
Average loaded energy E in one period2,
In formula, E2For in the monocycle to the average loaded energy of damper；F is the damping force of damper；V is damper both ends
Relative velocity；t1、t2Respectively sample the starting and ending time；A is that signal acquisition obtains periodicity；N is the sum of intermediate test；
In T1At a temperature of, damper is during long-term load, the gross energy E of loadtotalAre as follows:
Etotal=NE2
In formula, EtotalFor the gross energy loaded in long-term loading procedure；N is the service life number of damper in long-term load；E2For
To the average loaded energy of damper in monocycle.
6. the detection method and mileage conversion method of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life according to claim 5, special
Sign is, is located at T1The life test of damper is carried out under the conditions of temperature, the gross energy loaded before failure is Etotal；By imitative
It is E that true mode, which calculates under unit mileage damper by loaded energy,1；In the temperature operation of route, stable rear vibration damping
Device surface temperature is T3；From the angle of energy and temperature, by damper in T1Service life times N under temperature loading environment is scaled
In T3At a temperature of equivalent lifetime mileage S,
In formula, S is equivalent mileage；EtotalFor the gross energy loaded in long-term loading procedure；E1For in run unit km vibration damping
The energy that device dissipates；AFFor accelerated factor.
7. the detection method and mileage conversion method of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life according to claim 3, special
Sign is that degradation ratio calculates process specifically, the long-term load test under two groups of Different Cooling Conditions of damper is arranged, and temperature is divided
It Wei not T1、T2, calculate separately under condition of different temperatures, damper comprehensive performance defines each static survey with the deterioration velocity of load
The difference of maximum tension damping force and maximum compression damping force is referred to as absolute difference under examination frequency；In all previous static test, contain
Cover m test frequency, respectively f1、f2、…、fm；N times performance test is carried out in long-term load, is reached respectively in load number for a long time
To N1、N2、…、Nn；Under temperature, the absolute difference of each test frequency is subjected to Linear Quasi in sum for n times test result
It closes, fitting obtains degradation ratio L' with load number of the absolute difference under j-th of test frequency under long-term loadjAnd fitting
Goodness r2'j, wherein L'jAnd r2'jCalculating formula difference is as follows,
In formula, L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio for loading number；N is the sum of intermediate test；xiFor i-th survey
Corresponding load number when examination；yjiFor test frequency fjThe value of absolute difference corresponding to i-th,
In formula, L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio for loading number；N is the sum of intermediate test；xiFor i-th survey
Corresponding load number when examination；yjiFor in i-th test frequency fjThe value of corresponding absolute difference；r2'jFor frequency fjInstitute is right
The linear fit goodness of the absolute difference and load number answered.
8. the detection method and mileage conversion method of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life according to claim 7, special
Sign is, L' after deletion fittingj> 0 degeneration is as a result, set f after rejectingjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio L' for loading numberjNumber is
P, the synthesis degradation ratio L of damper is by the degeneration to the absolute difference of damper under each frequency according to goodness of fit r2'jAdded
Power obtains, and calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, L is the synthesis degradation ratio of damper, and M is sensitive parameter relevant to the service life, and dM/dt indicates damper and service life
The degeneration of relevant sensitive parameter at any time；P is f after rejectingjLower absolute difference is with the degradation ratio L' for loading numberjNumber；r2'jFor
Frequency fjThe linear fit goodness of corresponding absolute difference and load number；L'jFor in frequency fjLower absolute difference is with load number
Degradation ratio,
In the above manner, obtaining damper in T1At a temperature of damper synthesis degradation ratio L1, in T2At a temperature of damper it is comprehensive
Close degradation ratio L2。
9. the detection method and mileage conversion method of a kind of oil-pressure damper fatigue life according to claim 3, special
Sign is that the calculation formula of the Arrhenius model is
In formula, L is synthesis degradation ratio of damper under the conditions of temperature；M is sensitive parameter relevant to the service life, and dM/dt is indicated
The degeneration of damper parameter relevant to the service life at any time；B is constant relevant to model application；E is natural constant；E
It is related with material for activation energy；B is the graceful hereby constant of bohr, b=8.623 × 10^5eV/K；T is absolute temperature.
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