CN110375920A - Bottom sediment transports in-situ testing device and its application method - Google Patents
Bottom sediment transports in-situ testing device and its application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110375920A CN110375920A CN201910540894.6A CN201910540894A CN110375920A CN 110375920 A CN110375920 A CN 110375920A CN 201910540894 A CN201910540894 A CN 201910540894A CN 110375920 A CN110375920 A CN 110375920A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L17/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring tyre pressure or the pressure in other inflated bodies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bottom sediments to transport in-situ testing device and its application method, is related to marine geologic disasters and sediment dynamics technical field, and transfer passages are equipped with the close passage that Open Side Down, and the lower ending opening of transfer passages is for being inserted into Seabed sediments；It makes stream device to be arranged on transfer passage, for forming seabed stably stratified flow in the close passage of transfer passages；The top of transfer passages is arranged in reinforcing rib bracket, laying and/or recycling and/or fixing for transfer passages.The invention has the advantages that constructing the annular transfer passages of closed state in situ, the complex environments such as extraneous surface wave is stopped to influence, there is huge advantage than indoor simulation sea bed；It may advantageously facilitate deposit transport process and its mechanism analysis, have important contribution to the dynamic (dynamical) theoretical developments of bottom sediment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine geologic disasters and sediment dynamics technical field, especially a kind of bottom sediment transports original
Bit test device and its application method.
Background technique
External loads suffered by seafloor soil are wave and ocean current under normal circumstances, generate bottom active force, the effect to the soil body
Power can be divided into horizontal and vertical two parts.Horizontal direction shearing force loosens deposit gradually then to suspend, the quilt under action of ocean current
It moves, it is the main reason for controlling Oceanic basalt that deposit caused by being acted on as horizontal direction, which transports, and deposit movement causes sea
Bottom is washed away, deposits.The erosion ratio for testing Seabed sediments has important scientific and engineering meaning, can reveal that different carrying implements
The role and influence and evaluation region of system and the influence of locality.
The cohesive force instrument of test fine grained soil erosion intensity drives in instrument water flowing to generate with gradually increasing by air pressure
Injection water, the shear stress that water flow generates acts on soil body surface and washes away native settling flux to simulate, this device can be used only in
It is helpless for underwater sediment(s) on seashore.
The research that transports for deposit under Different Dynamic flow condition is mainly the following method at present, and (1) is in situ
Test, directly tested at the scene, have timeliness and will not disturbed soil, utmostly guarantee its reset condition, still
Higher cost.(2) carry out adopting product at the scene by gravity type, grab simpler etc., by the sample of acquisition take back laboratory into
Row test measurement, due to destroying the reset condition of deposit, and during transportation, the conditions such as ambient temperature pressure humidity
Variation causes to disturb to undisturbed soil sample, and reasons, the laboratory test such as time difference, operation instrument error itself obtain density, water content
And the physico mechanical characteristics such as shearing strength are not inconsistent with actual conditions.(3) founding mathematical models simulate deposit transport mechanism and sea
Bottom Erosion and progradation process, needs to obtain trend and live deposit data, and analog case is also based primarily upon collected sample and exists
The data tested in laboratory, such as corrode this Insults parameter reasonable value range of constant and floated in 1 to 3 order of magnitude
It is dynamic, with physical presence large error.(4) indoor water tank is tested, and causes water sports above basic sediment with wave maker etc., from
And generate sediments re-suspension.These methods carry out obtaining concussion, extruding, horizontal overall movement up and down to overlying water, with practical feelings
Condition difference is very big, all fails really to reflect hydrodynamic condition, has significant limitation, and it is heavy can not to study complicated hydrodynamic force-
Quantitative relationship between product object settling flux-particle migration distribution, has significant limitation.
The variation of the various properties of deposit can generate certain influence to critical erosion shearing stress, undisturbed sediment
Critical erosion shear stress and single influence factor can determine preferable positive negative correlation.
In conclusion being a kind of accurately and effectively method by in-situ test, overcomes and mutually interconnected between each factor in scene
It is the limitation mutually restricted, can individually studies the influence of a certain factor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to error of test data in decontamination chamber, accurate to test Seabed sediments erosion performance, grind
That studies carefully under the action of ocean current of varying strength deposit transports feature, devises a kind of bottom sediment and transports in-situ testing device
And its application method, it is theoretical with basic theory of hydrodynamics and Mechanical course, determine what Seabed sediments settling flux transported
Critical shearing stress fills up the blank in the field.It is cut by comparing the concentration of lower suspended sediment different in flow rate with known bottom
Concentration in the indoor annular water tank of shearing stress calibrates the device, and constant shear stress is generated at water/sediment interface,
Measure critical erosion shearing stress.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme is that, a kind of bottom sediment transports in-situ testing device, wraps
Include: transfer passages, the transfer passages are equipped with the close passage that Open Side Down, and the lower ending opening of the transfer passages is for being inserted into
Seabed sediments form closure water stream channel；Stream device is made, the stream device of making is arranged on the transfer passage, is used for
Form seabed stably stratified flow in the close passages of the transfer passages, it is described make stream device include make stream plectrum, submersible motor and
Diverter, the stream plectrum of making are arranged in the close passage of transfer passages, and the submersible motor is arranged outside close passage simultaneously
It is connect with stream plectrum is made, the submersible motor and the junction for making stream plectrum are equipped with diverter；Observing unit, the observing unit
It is arranged in the close passage of the transfer passages, for material parameters in situ in synchro measure close passage；And reinforcing rib
The top of the transfer passages is arranged in bracket, the reinforcing rib bracket, for transfer passages lay and/or recycle and/or
It is fixed.
It further, further include deflector, the corner of transfer passages close passage is arranged in the deflector, described to lead
Flowing plate is arcuation.
Further, it is described make stream plectrum be equipped with it is several make flow, it is described to make flow equipped with circular hole.
Further, the observing unit includes the current meter for measuring flow rate of water flow in test section region, measures water
The altimeter of height and the miniature injection for measuring soil layer penetration resistance value are corroded in the nephelometer of body suspension concentration, measurement
Instrument.
It further, further include sampler, the sampler setting communicates on transfer passages, and with close passage.
Further, the sampler is equipped with injection port, for that will inject salinity or variety classes pollution in close passage
Object.
Further, the material of the transfer passages is stainless steel.
Further, the lower end of the transfer passages is set as blade type.
A kind of bottom sediment transports the application method of in-situ testing device, comprising the following steps:
A, stream device will be made and observing unit is installed on transfer passages；
B, testing position is chosen, transfer passages are integrally pressed on sea bed, insertion depth is 0.05~0.1m, is stood to heavy
Product object and trial zone boundary generate gap and become smaller disappearance；
C, it makes stream plectrum to start to rotate with first order revolving speed under submersible motor driving, the deposit concentration in water gradually increases
Add, be then increased up and reach stable state, after deposit concentration reaches stable state, controls submersible motor revolving speed, make stream
The revolving speed of plectrum increases to next shelves, forms next higher stress, repeats the process, and three to six kinds of manufacture is different to answer
Power, observing unit stream field carry out DATA REASONING；
D, B and step C is repeated the above steps at least twice；
E, data processing.
Further, in the step E, comprising the following steps:
E1, Measured Boundary layer are apart from bed bottom hiThe flow velocity m/s at place
In formula: k is dimensionless constant, is drag velocity (m/s) for 0.4, u*；h0It is a bottom roughness length (m),
E2, to flow velocity ui(hi, t) and away from bed bottom height hiLogarithm carry out linear regression analysis, establish linear relation:
Different h are measured along the depth of water on verticaliAnd its corresponding flow velocity ui(hi, t), by can regression analysis obtain aj,
bj(j=1,2,3 ... respectively represent the coefficient under different rotating speeds), calculate the drag velocity u under every grade of revolving speedj* with coarse length
DegreeWherein uj*=kaj,
Every grade of revolving speed bottom shearing stress τ of flow roll wheel is made in E3, calculatingj=ρj(uj*)2, wherein ρjWater sample when for j-th stage revolving speed
Jet density, units/kg/m3；
E4, linear regression method solve critical erosion shearing stress τcr
Using the turbidity under every j grades of flow velocity and shearing stress is corroded, linear regression is carried out, by the tropic and background turbidity line
SSC0Intersection point be expressed as critical erosion shearing stress τ corresponding to this trial zonecr。
E5, erosion rate calculate
The calculation formula of erosion ratio:
The τ < of E (t)=0 τcr
Et represents the erosion ratio in a time interval, unit g/m2·s；SSC is that water body is outstanding in a time interval
The turbidity of floating particles, unit g/L；V is the volume of trial zone water in sink, unit m3, S is the floor space of sink, unit
For m2, t is a time interval.
E6, it establishes and corrodes shearing stress and injection strength relationship
Penetration resistance is measured, abscissa F represents the penetration resistance of every level-one revolving speed, and ordinate is to corrode shearing stress τj,
By each Fi, τjBring into, establish linear relationship: τ=cF+d, wherein c, d are constant.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) the annular transfer passages for constructing closed state in situ stop the complex environments such as extraneous surface wave to influence, compare room
Interior simulation sea bed has huge advantage, than straight channel type device closer to natural sea bed indsole matter sediment resuspension transport process；
(2) SCM program of exploitation, control retarder speed regulating motor revolving speed drive make stream plectrum and form ocean current, can
To change the flow velocity of water flow, variable is freely controlled, rationally uniform bed shear stress is generated, in depth explores different in flow rate cause
The problem in science that sediment resuspension transports；
(3) small modular is installed, the various observations such as compatible carrying current meter, nephelometer, altimeter, miniature penetrometer
Instrument, easy to disassemble and installation, the turbulent flow with known reproducible scale (condition well controlled), cost is relatively low is easy to control
System, is easy to dispose；
(4) sampling system facilitates the live water sample of collection；
(5) it is based on in-situ test, realizes the accurate calculating of nearly bottom shear stress and erosion rate；
(6) deposit transport process and its mechanism analysis be may advantageously facilitate, to the dynamic (dynamical) theoretical developments of bottom sediment
There is important contribution, pushes the development of oceanographic sedimentation dynamics technology equipment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of the application test device；
Fig. 2 is the bottom view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the curve graph of flow velocity-lnh；
Fig. 5 is shearing stress-erosion rate curve.
In above each figure, 1, transfer passages；11, deflector；2, stream device is made；21, stream plectrum is made；22, submersible motor；
23, diverter；3, observing unit；31, current meter；32, nephelometer；33, altimeter；34, miniature penetrometer；4, reinforcing rib branch
Frame；5, sampler.
Specific embodiment
It is of the invention to reach the technical means and efficacy that predetermined goal of the invention is taken further to illustrate, below in conjunction with
Attached drawing and preferred embodiment, to specific embodiment, structure, feature and its effect according to the present invention, detailed description are as follows:
A kind of bottom sediment transports in-situ testing device, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, including transfer passages 1, make stream device
2, observing unit 3 and reinforcing rib bracket 4.
Transfer passages 1 are equipped with the close passage that Open Side Down, and the lower ending opening of transfer passages 1 is for being inserted into sea bed deposition
Object forms closure water stream channel.Device whole long 1.4m, wide 1m, transfer passages width are 20cm, depth 35cm, and test section is
20cm multiplies the region of 40cm, positioned at the tract for making stream device.Counterweight is devised, counterweight is located in 4 lower part branch of reinforcing rib bracket
Support point of intersection can be dismantled, and can be arranged in pairs or groups the clump weight of different number according to Seabed sediments physico-mechanical properties, make device
Quick insertion deposit.Preferably, deflector 11 has also been devised, the bend of 1 close passage of transfer passages is arranged in deflector 11
Place, deflector 11 are arcuation, can effectively reduce shearing stress and centrifugal force that water flow flows through bend generation.
It makes stream device 2 to be arranged on transfer passage, for forming seabed stabilized zone in the close passage of transfer passages 1
Stream, making stream device 2 includes making stream plectrum 21, submersible motor 22 and diverter 23, makes stream plectrum 21 and closing for transfer passages 1 is arranged in
Close channel in, submersible motor 22 be arranged outside close passage and with make stream plectrum 21 connect, submersible motor 22 and make flow plectrum 21
Junction be equipped with diverter 23.The stratified flow for making the upper fast lower slow similar ocean current of the stream manufacture of plectrum 21, can satisfy different stream
Fast testing requirement, flow rates realize revolving speed 10r/min~300r/min, 6 grades of revolving speeds up to 0~50cm/s.Preferably, it makes
Stream plectrum 21 is made of organic glass, and making flow has hole, has good intensity and smoothness, makes stream 21 quantity of plectrum and does not limit
It is fixed, it can be three pieces, four, five, organic glass is drilled with circular hole, is based on Hydrodynamics Theory, forms seabed stably stratified flow.
Submersible motor 22 by 48VDV lithium battery power supply, make stream plectrum by a 12V motor driven and generate, single by shear stress
Piece machine main control processor is responsible for system work.Submersible motor can make stream by diverter with forward and reverse rotation, and it is common to form seabed
" reversing current ", more really simulation ocean current.
Observing unit 3 is arranged in the close passage of transfer passages 1, for substance ginseng in situ in synchro measure close passage
Number.Specifically, observing unit 3 includes the current meter 31 for measuring flow rate of water flow in test section region, current meter 31 can be surveyed
Fluid velocity profile on amount trial zone is vertical, current meter emit the sound wave short pulse of fixed frequency into water, and water is encountered in these pulses
In scatterer (planktonic organism, silt etc.) occur back scattering, receive echo-signal and handle obtain fluid velocity profile；Measure water body
The nephelometer 32 of suspension concentration, nephelometer 32 (OBS) need to calibrate sensor before scattering sensor, test using optics,
The outstanding sand of collection in worksite can need to be used with the concentration of the different interval monitoring channel suspended particulate matter such as 1,3,5,10,15 second
Sample is demarcated.For measuring the miniature penetrometer 34 of soil layer penetration resistance value, miniature 34 depth of penetration of penetrometer reaches 5cm,
Using intensity is good, stability is high, corrosion resistant titanium alloy material, using machining mode, pop one's head in as taper, diameter 1cm, survey
Power range 20N, measurement accuracy are better than ± 5%, total weight 100g, can measure the penetration resistance value of soil layer, and may be implemented not
Region measurement soil strength F is tested in insertion respectively when revolving speed at the same levelj, wherein j is j-th stage revolving speed, is obtained under different rotating speeds state
Intensity analyzes the penetration resistance of deposit and the corresponding relationship of critical erosion shearing stress with this, description that can be more accurate
The variation of critical erosion shearing stress；The altimeter 33 of height is corroded in measurement, and altimeter 33 utilizes acoustic wave principles, moment record deposition
Object state, data variation represent deposit and are etched height.On the basis of the above, camera and headlamp are mounted on transparent organic
On cloche, which is fixed in close passage, and vertically downward, angle is adjustable for headlamp, best to provide for camera
Light.The settling flux phenomenon that deposit in test occurs is taken pictures and is recorded a video, and carrys out comparative test front and back sea bed table with this
The variation of face texture and roughness can be convenient and check, record test phenomenon.
The top of transfer passages 1 is arranged in reinforcing rib bracket 4, and link is arranged on reinforcing rib bracket 4, and realization device is quick
Recycling is laid, the laying and recycling in different waters of transfer passages 1 can be completed by carrying small boat.
In addition, sampler 5 is arranged on transfer passages 1, which communicates with close passage.Inside is full of when initial
Gas, closing, when activated, the air in sampler 5 is discharged, and the sediment-water mixture in transfer passages
It is inhaled into sampler 5 by hydrostatic pressure power.When sampler 5 is filled, sampler 5 can be automatically closed, and realize that sample is received
Collection.By water sample, the size distribution and composition of suspended matter can be obtained, and determines grain size of sediment point between suspended matter and sea bed
The difference of cloth.Sampling bottle is having a size of 30 × 60mm (r=1.5cm), capacity 42ml.When every level-one stabilization of speed, sampling system work
Make to collect the water sample under the rotary regimes.Sampler 5 can be adapted as injection port, fill salinity or variety classes pollutant, examination
By discharging other substances such as salinity, pollutant to test area when testing, to study settling flux deposit under the conditions of different salinities
Micrograined texture variation and motion state, the problems such as the migration of pollutant.
The material of transfer passages 1 is stainless steel, has good corrosion resistance, and lower end is blade type, insertion depth 5~
10cm effectively prevent external infiltration, and is quickly pressed into sea bed convenient for device, utmostly reduces and disturbs to Seabed sediments.
Bottom sediment transports in-situ testing device and its application method, comprising the following steps:
A, stream device 2 will be made and observing unit 3 is installed on transfer passages 1.
Stream device 2 and the equal instrument calibrations of observing unit 3 will be made, such as nephelometer 32, current meter 31, altimeter 33 and miniature will be passed through
Enter instrument 34, sets suitable acquisition parameter frequency, be installed to observation window predetermined position.
B, testing position is chosen, by the whole indentation sea bed of transfer passages 1, insertion depth is 0.05~0.1m, is stood extremely
Deposit and trial zone boundary generate gap and become smaller disappearance.
The suitable testing position in coastal waters is chosen, aboard ship cloth is put into seabed by device, in counterweight, transfer passages blade type knot
It is whole to be pressed on sea bed under the comprehensive functions such as structure, according to the Seabed sediments property tentatively understood, insertion depth is 0.05~
0.1m stands about 20 minutes, and certain deformation can be generated by being inserted into stage apparatus deposit due to squeezing, deposit and trial zone
Boundary can generate gap, and deposits is waited to restore, gap become smaller disappearance after carry out in-situ test.
C, make stream plectrum 21 start under the driving of submersible motor 22 deposit concentration with the rotation of first order revolving speed, in water by
It is cumulative to add, it is then increased up and reaches stable state, after deposit concentration reaches stable state, control 22 turns of submersible motor
Speed, the revolving speed for making stream plectrum 21 increase to next shelves, form next higher stress, repeat the process, manufacture three to six kinds
Different stress, 3 stream field of observing unit carry out DATA REASONING, such as flow velocity, turbidity, height data.
D, B and step C is repeated the above steps at least twice.
One point measurement terminates, and integral device is pulled out the water surface by linking up with, and according to the laying line chosen in advance, arrives next
Testing site repeats 2-3 step.
E, data processing.
Physicochemical analysis sand such as in different time periods, flour sand, clay is carried out to the collected water sample of different periods to contain
Amount variation, is compared with data such as flow velocity, shearing stress, determines the correlation between different parameters.The specific method is as follows:
E1, the drive of submersible motor 22 make stream plectrum 21 with lower rotational speed, and by taking 50r/min as an example, nephelometer 32 is acquired
Data SSC (t), unit g/L；Current meter acquires data ui(hi, t), unit m/s；Altimeter acquires data h (t), unit m,
A number is adopted for every 5s.Measured Boundary layer is apart from bed bottom hiThe flow velocity (m/s) at place:
ui(hi, t) is distance bed bottom h in boundary layeriThe flow velocity (m/s) at place, h1=0.05m, h2=0.10m.h3=
0.15m, h4=0.20m, h5=0.25m, h6=0.30m, 6 flow velocitys can be measured by current meter；In formula: k is immeasurable three cardinal guides
It is drag velocity (m/s) that number, which is 0.4, u*,；h0It is a bottom roughness length (m).
E2, to flow velocity ui(hi, t) and away from bed bottom height hiLogarithm carry out linear regression analysis, establish linear relation:
Different h are measured along the depth of water on verticaliAnd its corresponding flow velocity ui(hi, t), by can regression analysis obtain aj,
bj(j=1,2,3,4,5,6 respectively represent the coefficient under 6 grades of different rotating speeds), calculates the drag velocity u under every grade of revolving speedj* and
Roughness lengthWherein uj*=kaj,
Every grade of revolving speed bottom shearing stress τ of flow roll wheel is made in E3, calculatingj=ρj(uj*)2, wherein ρjWater sample when for j-th stage revolving speed
Jet density, units/kg/m3；
E4, linear regression method solve critical erosion shearing stress τcr
Using the turbidity under every j grades of flow velocity and shearing stress is corroded, linear regression is carried out, by the tropic and background turbidity line
SSC0Intersection point be expressed as critical erosion shearing stress τ corresponding to this trial zonecr。
E5, erosion rate calculate
The data such as depth of erosion and soil body density, water body suspension concentration variable quantity that erosion rate is obtained by altimeter into
Row calculates.
The calculation formula of erosion ratio:
The τ < of E (t)=0 τcr
Et represents the erosion ratio in a time interval, unit g/m2·s；SSC is that water body is outstanding in a time interval
The turbidity of floating particles, unit g/L；V is the volume of trial zone water in sink, unit m3, S is the floor space of sink, unit
For m2, t is a time interval.
E6, it establishes and corrodes shearing stress and injection strength relationship
As shown in figure 5, measurement penetration resistance, abscissa F, represent the penetration resistance of every level-one revolving speed, ordinate is to invade
Lose shearing stress τj, by each Fi, τjBring into, establish linear relationship: τ=cF+d, wherein c, d are constant.
By upper formula can in the hope of the critical erosion shearing stress of this trial zone, erosion shearing stress under every grade of revolving speed,
Erosion rate, the linear relationship etc. of every grade of erosion shearing stress and injection intensity.
Above with reference to preferred embodiment, invention has been described, but protection scope of the present invention is not restricted to
This can carry out various improvement to it and can be replaced wherein with equivalent without departing from the scope of the invention
Component, as long as be not present structural conflict, it is mentioned in the various embodiments items technical characteristic can combine in any way
Get up, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims, no matter comes from which point
It sees, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive.Therefore, any to fall within the scope of the appended claims
All technical solutions be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of bottom sediment transports in-situ testing device characterized by comprising
Transfer passages (1), the transfer passages (1) are equipped with the close passage that Open Side Down, and the lower end of the transfer passages (1) is opened
Mouth forms closure water stream channel for being inserted into Seabed sediments；
Stream device (2) is made, stream device (2) of making is arranged on the transfer passage, is used for closing in the transfer passages (1)
It closes and forms seabed stably stratified flow in channel, stream device (2) of making includes making stream plectrum (21), submersible motor (22) and diverter
(23), stream plectrum (21) of making is arranged in the close passage of transfer passages (1), and submersible motor (22) setting is being closed
It is connect outside channel and with stream plectrum (21) is made, the junction of submersible motor (22) the He Zaoliu plectrum (21) is equipped with diverter
(23)；
Observing unit (3), the observing unit (3) are arranged in the close passage of the transfer passages (1), are used for synchro measure
Material parameters in situ in close passage；And reinforcing rib bracket (4), the reinforcing rib bracket (4) are arranged in the transfer passages
(1) top, laying and/or recycling and/or fixing for transfer passages (1).
2. bottom sediment according to claim 1 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that further include deflector
(11), in the corner of transfer passages (1) close passage, the deflector (11) is arcuation for deflector (11) setting.
3. bottom sediment according to claim 1 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that described to make stream plectrum
(21) be equipped with it is several make flow, it is described to make flow equipped with circular hole.
4. bottom sediment according to claim 1 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that the observing unit
It (3) include measuring the nephelometer (32) of water body suspension concentration for measuring the current meter of flow rate of water flow in test section region (31),
The altimeter (33) of height and the miniature penetrometer (34) for measuring soil layer penetration resistance value are corroded in measurement.
5. bottom sediment according to claim 1 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that further include sampler
(5), the sampler (5) is arranged on transfer passages (1), and communicates with close passage.
6. bottom sediment according to claim 5 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that the sampler (5)
Equipped with injection port, for injecting salinity or different types of pollutant into close passage.
7. bottom sediment according to claim 1 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that the transfer passages
(1) material is stainless steel.
8. bottom sediment according to claim 1 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that the transfer passages
(1) lower end is set as blade type.
9. the application method that bottom sediment described in a kind of claim 1 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
A, stream device (2) will be made and observing unit (3) is installed on transfer passages (1)；
B, testing position is chosen, by transfer passages (1) integrally indentation sea bed, insertion depth is 0.05~0.1m, is stood to heavy
Product object and trial zone boundary generate gap and become smaller disappearance；
C, make stream plectrum (21) submersible motor (22) drive it is lower start to rotate with first order revolving speed, the deposit concentration in water by
It is cumulative to add, it is then increased up and reaches stable state, after deposit concentration reaches stable state, control submersible motor (22) turns
Speed, the revolving speed for making stream plectrum (21) increase to next shelves, form next higher stress, repeat the process, manufacture three to six
The different stress of kind, observing unit (3) stream field carry out DATA REASONING；
D, B and step C is repeated the above steps at least twice；
E, data processing.
10. the application method that bottom sediment according to claim 9 transports in-situ testing device, which is characterized in that institute
It states in step E, comprising the following steps:
E1, Measured Boundary layer are apart from bottom hiThe flow velocity (m/s) at place:
In formula: k is dimensionless constant, is drag velocity (m/s) for 0.4, u*；h0It is a bottom roughness length (m)；
E2, to flow velocity ui(hi, t) and away from bottom height hiLogarithm carry out linear regression analysis, establish linear relation:
Different h are measured along the depth of water on verticaliAnd its corresponding flow velocity ui(hi, t), by can regression analysis obtain aj, bj(j
=1,2,3 ... respectively represent the coefficient under different rotating speeds), calculate the drag velocity u under every grade of revolving speedjAnd roughness length *
hoj, wherein uj*=kaj,
Every grade of revolving speed bottom shearing stress τ of flow roll wheel is made in E3, calculatingj=ρj(uj*)2, wherein ρjThe water of water sample when for j-th stage revolving speed
Current density, units/kg/m3；
E4, linear regression method solve critical erosion shearing stress τcr
Using the turbidity under every j grades of flow velocity and shearing stress is corroded, linear regression is carried out, by the tropic and background turbidity line SSC0's
Intersection point is expressed as critical erosion shearing stress τ corresponding to this trial zonecr。
E5, erosion rate calculate
The calculation formula of erosion ratio:
The τ < of E (t)=0 τcr
E (t) represents the erosion ratio in a time interval, unit g/m2·s；SSC is water body suspension in a time interval
The turbidity of grain, unit g/L；V is the volume of trial zone water in sink, unit m3, S is the floor space of sink, unit m2, t
For a time interval.
E6, it establishes and corrodes shearing stress and injection strength relationship
Penetration resistance is measured, abscissa F represents the penetration resistance of every level-one revolving speed, and ordinate is to corrode shearing stress τj, will be each
Fi, τjBring into, establish linear relationship: τ=cF+d, wherein c, d are constant.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910540894.6A CN110375920A (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Bottom sediment transports in-situ testing device and its application method |
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