CN110375883B - Thermometer based on active heat flow control and temperature measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Thermometer based on active heat flow control and temperature measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/20—Compensating for effects of temperature changes other than those to be measured, e.g. changes in ambient temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermometer based on active heat flow control and a temperature measuring method thereof, wherein the thermometer comprises a heat conduction device, a temperature adjusting device and a heat flow control device; the invention establishes a controllable gradient temperature field between the human tissue at a certain depth and the thermometer temperature control surface through active heat flow control, and obtains the internal temperature of the human tissue through heat flow derivation of the heat conduction channel, thereby eliminating the influence of factors such as environmental temperature, skin condition, contact condition, physiological fluctuation and the like on the measurement result in principle. The body temperature can be measured by directly contacting the skin of a human body by adopting non-invasive measurement, the operation is simple and convenient, and the surface temperature of the skin and the temperature of human tissue in a set depth can be obtained by one-time measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of body temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a thermometer and a temperature measuring method based on active heat flow control.
Background
Body temperature measurement plays a significant role in the medical health field. From the viewpoint of measurement methods, body temperature measurement is classified into invasive, semi-invasive and non-invasive. An invasive body temperature measuring method is usually adopted clinically, and a temperature measuring device is enabled to directly reach the deep part of internal organs or tissues of a human body to measure through special tools such as a catheter or an insertion needle, and typical products comprise a Swan-Ganz catheter, a needle type thermometer/thermocouple and the like. The method has accurate measurement, the nominal body temperature is in a golden standard, but the method has the disadvantages of complex operation, expensive equipment, high risk and poor experience. Semi-invasive and non-invasive body temperature measurement methods are widely used in outpatient, health examination and general measurement occasions, and typical products comprise infrared thermometers, various electronic thermometers, mercury thermometers and the like. The semi-invasive method generally utilizes human orifices such as ear cavities, oral cavities and rectum to measure body temperature, is slightly lower than invasive measurement in measurement accuracy, requires certain professional knowledge in operation, and has general user experience. The non-invasive method is the most convenient method for daily use, is mainly used for contact type and non-contact type body surface measurement, has simpler operation and more friendly user experience, but the measurement result is easily influenced by environmental parameters and the physical sign of the measured object, and an error exists between the measured body surface temperature and the internal temperature of human tissues.
From the measurement principle, most of the measurement devices used in the above three measurement methods are based on the local thermal balance principle, that is, the temperature of the human body is detected by achieving thermal balance between the thermosensitive device and the contacted human tissue, organ or cavity environment, so the deeper the instrument is into the human body, the higher the detection accuracy is, the worse the user experience is, and vice versa. The method is a passive detection method, does not fully utilize the integrity and expansibility of a human body temperature field, and is difficult to realize accurate measurement of the internal temperature of human tissues for non-invasive body temperature measurement. The infrared thermometer measures the body temperature by using the heat radiation principle of the human body, but the measurement result is greatly influenced by environmental factors, and the infrared thermometer does not have the capability of distinguishing the internal temperatures of human tissues at different depths. Currently, technologies such as ultrasound, microwave, magnetic resonance and the like are generally adopted for non-invasive measurement of internal temperature of human tissues, and body temperature measurement is realized by utilizing the influence of the temperatures of human tissues at different depths on the same-layer wave medium. The technology has strong professional, great development and use difficulty, precise and expensive equipment and less popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides the thermometer based on the active heat flow control and the temperature measuring method thereof, the invention realizes the measurement of the temperature of tissues at different depths under the body surface by utilizing the field effect of controllable extended temperature and contacting the surface of the skin, is slightly influenced by external factors, is a non-invasive measuring method of the human body temperature, and has high measuring accuracy; the method has the characteristics of low cost, high accuracy and easy popularization.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
An active heat flow control based thermometer comprising: the device comprises a heat conduction device, a temperature adjusting device and a heat flow control device; the temperature adjusting device is tightly attached to the upper end face of the heat conducting device;
the heat conduction device consists of a heat conduction rod and a heat insulation sleeve which are arranged inside and outside, the heat conduction rod is embedded in the heat insulation sleeve, two heat conduction rods are symmetrically arranged in the heat insulation sleeve relative to the central axis of the heat insulation sleeve, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of each heat conduction rod are respectively provided with a temperature sensor;
the temperature adjusting device comprises a heat conducting fin, a temperature adjuster, a radiating fin and a radiating fan which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in a clinging manner, wherein the heat conducting fin clings to the upper end face of the heat conducting rod;
the heat flow controller comprises a temperature control module, a signal conditioning module, an interface module and a processor module, wherein the temperature measured by each temperature sensor is converted into a resistance signal and transmitted to the signal conditioning module, and the signal conditioning module performs impedance matching, filtering and amplitude adjustment on the received resistance signal of each temperature sensor, outputs a voltage signal and transmits the voltage signal to the processor module; the user inputs the depth of the part to be detected in the interface module, and the interface module transmits the input depth of the part to be detected to the processor module; the processor module analyzes and calculates voltage signals of each temperature sensor and the depth of a part to be measured to obtain active heat flow control temperature and generate temperature control signals, then the temperature control signals are transmitted to the signal conditioning module to carry out impedance matching and signal conditioning, control signals for driving the temperature control module are generated, and the control signals are converted into driving current signals of a temperature regulator and driving speed signals of a cooling fan by the temperature control module and correspondingly transmitted to control ends of the temperature regulator and the cooling fan; and when the active heat flow control temperature is stable, the processor module calculates the temperature of the part to be detected and outputs the temperature to the interface module for display.
Preferably, the temperature sensors are respectively embedded in the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the heat conducting rod, and the temperature sensing planes of the temperature sensors are flush with the end surfaces of the heat conducting rod.
Preferably, the coverage area of the temperature sensor accounts for half of the area of the end face of the heat conducting rod.
Preferably, the heat conducting fin, the temperature regulator and the heat radiating fin are bonded through heat conducting silicone grease.
Preferably, the heat insulation sleeve is internally provided with a mounting hole, and the heat conduction rod is assembled in the mounting hole.
Preferably, the temperature regulator is a TEC refrigeration piece, and the controllable temperature difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of the temperature regulator is more than 30 ℃.
Preferably, the heat flow controller is arranged in the handle.
Preferably, the heat conducting device and the temperature regulating device are fixed in the outer cover.
The heat flow controller also comprises a power supply module which is used for providing a multi-path direct current power supply and supplying power to the temperature control module, the signal conditioning module, the interface module, the processor module, the temperature regulator and the cooling fan.
(II) the temperature measurement method based on active heat flow control comprises the following steps:
and 3, after the temperature of the heat conducting fins is stable, obtaining the temperature values of the four temperature sensors, and calculating the temperature of the depth position of the tissue to be measured.
Further, the obtaining ambient temperature is: the thermometer is placed in the environment, after the thermometer and the environment reach a temperature balance state, the temperature values of the four temperature sensors are read, and the average value of the four temperature values is used as the environment temperature;
the temperature balance state is that the temperature value of each temperature sensor does not change within a set time, namely the temperature balance state is achieved.
Further, the acquiring skin surface temperature is: the lower end face of the heat conducting rod of the thermometer is tightly attached to the surface of the skin to be measured, after the lower end face of the heat conducting rod and the surface of the skin reach a temperature balance state, the temperature values of the temperature sensors on the lower end faces of the two heat conducting rods are read, and the average value of the temperature values is used as the surface temperature of the skin.
Further, the required temperature on the heat conducting sheet is calculated according to the environment temperature, the skin surface temperature and the depth of the tissue to be measured, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Tc＝(Ts-20)-h×D-k×(Ts-Te)
wherein, TcIs the desired temperature on the heat-conducting sheet, and 0 < TcLess than 30, in units of; t issIs the skin surface temperature in units of; d is the depth of the tissue to be detected, and D is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 20, and the unit is mm; t iseIs ambient temperature in units of; h is the temperature in the human tissueThe reduction rate is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5 h, the unit is ℃/mm, and the reduction rate can be obtained by carrying out a comparative test with an intrusion method and fitting a test result; and k is the temperature drop correction coefficient of the thermometer, which is related to the material and the structure of the thermometer and the thermal resistance of the heat conducting rod.
Further, the temperature of the heat-conducting fin reaches the temperature value by adopting a PI regulation method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, the temperature sensors on the upper end surfaces of the two heat conducting rods monitor the temperature T on the heat conducting fins in real timetThe processor module calculates the real-time temperature T on the heat conducting strip according to the input temperature voltage valuetAnd calculating the temperature difference delta T between the temperature and the control temperature for generating the active heat flowc-Tt；
Secondly, the processor module receives the temperature difference signal delta T and then performs PI regulation, and outputs a PWM (pulse-width modulation) speed regulation signal for driving the cooling fan and a voltage control signal for driving the temperature regulator;
and finally, after the PWM speed regulating signal for driving the cooling fan and the voltage control signal for driving the temperature regulator are respectively subjected to signal processing and conversion by the signal conditioning module and the temperature control module in sequence, outputting a power PWM signal to the cooling fan and a power current signal I to the temperature regulator.
Circularly adjusting according to the steps until Tt＝Tc。
Further, the temperature at the depth of the tissue to be measured is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, TtThe temperature at the tissue depth to be measured; t is4、T5、T6、T7After the temperature of the heat-conducting fins reaches the control temperature for generating the active heat flow, the temperature is detected by the corresponding temperature sensor in a temperature balance state; r1、R2Respectively the thermal resistances of the two heat-conducting rods,wherein R is1The temperature of the lower end surface of the corresponding heat conducting rod is T4Upper end surface temperature of T6，R2The temperature of the lower end surface of the corresponding heat conducting rod is T5Upper end surface temperature of T7。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts non-invasive measurement of the temperature below the human epidermis, has simple and safe operation and good user experience effect; meanwhile, the skin surface temperature can be obtained through one-time measurement, the temperature of human tissues at a certain depth below the human epidermis can also be obtained, and the health condition of the human body can be reflected more truly.
(2) The invention adopts active heat flow control, greatly reduces the influence of factors such as environment temperature, skin condition, contact condition, physiological fluctuation and the like on the measurement result, has high measurement accuracy, and provides a new idea for non-invasive measurement of the internal temperature of the human body.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a signal connection diagram of a thermal flow controller of an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a temperature control system of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the principle of temperature measurement in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the above figures, 1 a heat conduction rod; 2, a heat insulation sleeve; 3 a temperature sensor; 4, a heat conducting sheet; 5 a temperature regulator; 6, radiating fins; 7 a heat radiation fan; 8 a heat flow controller; 81 a temperature control module; 82 a signal conditioning module; 83 an interface module; 84 a processor module; 85 a power supply module; 9 a handle.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a thermometer based on active heat flow control according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a heat conduction device, a temperature adjusting device and a heat flow control device; the temperature adjusting device is tightly attached to the upper end surface of the heat conducting device; the heat conduction device consists of a heat conduction rod 1 and a heat insulation sleeve 2 which are arranged inside and outside, the heat conduction rod 1 is embedded in the heat insulation sleeve 2, two heat conduction rods 1 are symmetrically arranged in the heat insulation sleeve 2 relative to the central axis of the heat insulation sleeve 2, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of each heat conduction rod 1 are respectively provided with a temperature sensor 3; the temperature adjusting device comprises a heat conducting fin 4, a temperature adjuster 5, a radiating fin 6 and a radiating fan 7 which are sequentially and closely attached from bottom to top, wherein the heat conducting fin 4 is closely attached to the upper end face of the heat conducting rod 1.
The heat flow controller 8 comprises a temperature control module 81, a signal conditioning module 82, an interface module 83 and a processor module 84, wherein the temperature measured by each temperature sensor 3 is converted into a resistance signal and transmitted to the signal conditioning module 82, the signal conditioning module 82 performs impedance matching, filtering and amplitude adjustment on the received resistance signal of each temperature sensor 3, outputs a voltage signal, and transmits the voltage signal to the processor module 84; the user inputs the depth of the part to be measured in the interface module 83, and the interface module 83 transmits the input depth of the part to be measured to the processor module 84; the processor module 84 analyzes and calculates the voltage signal of each temperature sensor 3 and the depth of the part to be measured to obtain the active heat flow control temperature and generate a temperature control signal, then transmits the temperature control signal to the signal conditioning module 82 for impedance matching and signal conditioning, and generates a control signal for driving the temperature control module 81, and the control signal is converted into a driving current signal of the temperature regulator 5 and a driving speed signal of the cooling fan 7 by the temperature control module 81 and correspondingly transmitted to the temperature regulator 5 and the control end of the cooling fan 7; when the active heat flow control temperature is stable, the processor module 84 calculates the temperature of the portion to be measured and outputs the temperature to the interface module 83 for display.
In the above embodiment, the two heat conducting rods 1 are heat conducting cylinders made of uniform material, and are formed by melting and mixing a plastic substrate and heat conducting metal powder, and the respective upper and lower end surfaces are provided with the mounting seats of the temperature sensors 3. The two heat conducting rods 1 are completely the same in overall dimension, but the thermal resistance difference between the upper end face and the lower end face is more than four times, the two heat conducting rods are used for forming two heat conducting channels with different temperature distribution gradients, the heat insulating sleeve 2 is made of uniform cylindrical heat insulating plastic, the thermal resistance coefficient of the material is far greater than that of the heat conducting rods 1, the thermal resistance between the rods is enough to ensure that the temperature interference between the two does not influence the measurement result, and the heat conducting rods 1 are symmetrically arranged, so that the measurement error is favorably reduced.
The upper end surface and the lower end surface of each heat conducting rod 1 are respectively provided with a temperature sensor 3, wherein the temperature sensor 3 on the lower end surface of each heat conducting rod 1 is used for acquiring the surface temperature of the skin, and the temperature sensor 3 on the upper end surface of each heat conducting rod 1 is used for acquiring the temperature of the heat conducting sheet 4; each temperature sensor 3 is a sheet type platinum resistor with the same model, and the measurement precision is better than +/-0.05 ℃. The heat of the heat conducting rod 1 is conducted to the heat conducting sheet 4, the upper end of the heat conducting sheet 4 is reduced in temperature through the temperature regulator 5, the radiating fin 6 and the radiating fan 7, so that temperature difference is formed between the upper end of the heat conducting sheet 4 and the lower end of the heat conducting rod 1, namely active heat flow from bottom to top is formed, a gradient temperature field established by the temperature difference is deeply inserted into human tissues formed by a skin layer, a fat layer and a muscle layer, and the field edge in the tissues is deepened along with the increase of the temperature difference of the upper part and the lower part of the heat conducting part, such as the curve a in fig. 1 is reduced. The heat sink 6 is attached to the upper end surface of the temperature regulator 5, and dissipates heat by a heat dissipation fan 7.
The heat conducting fins 4 are copper sheets, the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat conducting fins is far greater than that of the heat conducting rods 1, the heat radiating fins 6 are aluminum profiles with heat radiating teeth and are arranged on the upper end face of the temperature regulator 5, and the heat radiating fan 7 is a direct current fan with PWM speed regulation.
The temperature measured by each temperature sensor 3 is converted into a resistance signal and transmitted to the signal conditioning module 82, the signal conditioning module 82 performs impedance matching, filtering and amplitude adjustment on the received resistance signal of each temperature sensor 3, outputs a voltage signal, and transmits the voltage signal to the processor module 84; the user inputs the depth of the part to be measured in the interface module 83, and the interface module 83 transmits the input depth of the part to be measured to the processor module 84; the processor module 84 analyzes and calculates the voltage signal of each temperature sensor 3 and the depth of the part to be measured to obtain the active heat flow control temperature and generate a temperature control signal, then transmits the temperature control signal to the signal conditioning module 82 for impedance matching and signal conditioning, and generates a control signal for driving the temperature control module 81, and the control signal is converted into a driving current signal of the temperature regulator 5 and a driving speed signal of the cooling fan 7 by the temperature control module 81 and correspondingly transmitted to the temperature regulator 5 and the control end of the cooling fan 7; when the active heat flow control temperature is stable, the processor module 84 calculates the temperature of the portion to be measured and outputs the temperature to the interface module 83 for display. Wherein processor module 84 is an STM32F103 series chip.
Referring to fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, temperature sensors 3 are embedded in and mounted on upper and lower end surfaces of a heat conduction rod 1, respectively, and a temperature sensing plane of the temperature sensors 3 is flush with the end surface of the heat conduction rod 1.
In the above embodiment, the temperature sensors 3 are respectively embedded in the upper and lower end surfaces of the heat conducting rod 1, and the temperature sensing planes of the temperature sensors 3 are flush with the end surfaces of the heat conducting rod 1, so as to ensure the stability and the temperature measurement accuracy of the temperature sensors 3.
Referring to fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the area covered by the temperature sensor 3 is half of the area of the end surface of the heat conduction rod 1.
In the above embodiment, the coverage area of the temperature sensor 3 occupies half of the area of the end surface of the heat conducting rod 1, so that the detection accuracy and the structural stability are ensured.
Referring to fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a heat conductive sheet 4, a temperature regulator 5, and a heat sink 6 are bonded to each other by a heat conductive silicone grease.
In the above embodiment, the heat conducting sheet 4, the temperature regulator 5, and the heat sink 6 are bonded by the heat conducting silicone grease to facilitate heat transfer.
Referring to fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower end surfaces of the heat insulating jacket 2 are provided with a mounting seat and a mounting hole, and the heat conducting rod 1 is fitted into the mounting hole and fixed to the mounting seat.
In the above embodiment, the heat insulating sleeve 2 is provided with the mounting hole therein, and the heat conducting rod 1 is assembled in the mounting hole and fixed by interference fit.
Referring to fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature regulator 5 is a TEC refrigeration plate, and the controllable temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces is greater than 30 ℃.
In the above embodiment, the temperature drop of more than 30 ℃ can be provided as power, and the temperature measuring device is suitable for human body temperature measurement.
Referring to fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a handle 9 is further included, and a thermal flow controller 8 is disposed within the handle 9.
Referring to fig. 1, a heat conducting device and a temperature adjusting device are fixed inside an outer cover according to one embodiment of the present invention.
In the above embodiment, the handle 9 and the outer cover facilitate the operation of the detection personnel.
The heat flow controller 8 of the present invention further comprises a power supply module 85 for providing a plurality of dc power supplies to supply power to the temperature control module 81, the signal conditioning module 82, the interface module 83, the processor module 84, the temperature regulator 5, and the cooling fan 7.
The use method of the thermometer comprises the following steps: starting up the temperature measuring instrument, and automatically reading and displaying an ambient temperature value by the instrument after the temperature measuring instrument and the ambient temperature reach a balanced state; then, the user inputs the depth of the tissue to be detected and automatically displays the depth according to the characteristics and the detection purpose of the object to be detected;
at the moment, the lower end face of the thermometer is tightly attached to the skin surface of human tissue, a detection button is pressed, after the reading of a temperature sensor in contact with the skin surface is stable, the instrument automatically calculates and displays the skin surface temperature, and simultaneously automatically calculates and controls the active heat flow control temperature on the heat conducting sheet; after the temperature of the heat conducting sheet is stabilized at a set value and the reading of the temperature sensor is stabilized, the instrument automatically calculates and displays the temperature of the depth of the tissue to be measured according to the reading of the temperature sensor.
Before testing, the invention firstly cleans the skin on the surface of the part to be tested to reduce the measurement error.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a temperature measurement method based on active heat flow control, including the following steps:
and 3, after the temperature of the heat conducting fins is stable, obtaining the temperature values of the four temperature sensors, and calculating the temperature of the depth position of the tissue to be measured.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining ambient temperature is: the thermometer is placed in the environment, after the thermometer and the environment reach a temperature balance state, the temperature values of the four temperature sensors are read, and the average value of the four temperature values is used as the environment temperature; the temperature balance state is that the temperature value of each temperature sensor does not change within a set time, namely the temperature balance state is achieved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining of the skin surface temperature is: the lower end face of the heat conducting rod of the thermometer is tightly attached to the surface of the skin to be measured, after the lower end face of the heat conducting rod and the surface of the skin reach a temperature balance state, the temperature values of the temperature sensors on the lower end faces of the two heat conducting rods are read, and the average value of the temperature values is used as the surface temperature of the skin.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the required temperature on the heat conducting sheet is calculated according to the environmental temperature, the skin surface temperature and the depth of the tissue to be measured, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Tc＝(Ts-20)-h×D-k×(Ts-Te)
wherein, TcIs the temperature required on the heat-conducting plate, and 0 < TcLess than 30, in units of; t issIs the skin surface temperature in units of; d is the depth of the tissue to be detected, and D is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 20, and the unit is mm; t iseIs ambient temperature in units of; h is the temperature drop rate in human tissues, h is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, the unit is ℃/mm, and the temperature drop rate can be obtained by carrying out a comparison test with an invasion method and fitting the test result; and k is the temperature drop correction coefficient of the thermometer, which is related to the material and the structure of the thermometer and the thermal resistance of the heat conducting rod.
In the above formula, (T)s20) term establishing the temperature difference of 20 ℃ between the skin surface and the heat conducting sheet so as to generate a heat flow temperature field, h × D term is a temperature difference correction term determined by the depth of the tissue to be measured, the deeper the depth is, the larger the required temperature difference is, and k × (T ×)s-Te) The term is a temperature difference correction term determined by the difference between the skin surface temperature and the ambient temperature, and the larger the temperature difference between the skin surface temperature and the ambient temperature is, the larger the heat flow loss is, and the larger temperature difference is needed for heat flow compensation.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the PI adjustment method is used to adjust the temperature of the heat-conducting strip to the temperature value, and specifically includes:
referring to FIG. 3, first, the temperature sensors on the upper end surfaces of the two heat-conducting rods monitor the temperature T on the heat-conducting fins in real timetThe processor module calculates the real-time temperature T on the heat conducting strip according to the input temperature voltage valuetAnd calculating the temperature difference delta T between the temperature and the control temperature for generating the active heat flowc-Tt；
Secondly, the processor module receives the temperature difference signal delta T and then performs PI regulation, and outputs a PWM (pulse-width modulation) speed regulation signal for driving the cooling fan and a voltage control signal for driving the temperature regulator;
and finally, after the PWM speed regulating signal for driving the cooling fan and the voltage control signal for driving the temperature regulator are respectively subjected to signal processing and conversion by the signal conditioning module and the temperature control module in sequence, outputting a power PWM signal to the cooling fan and a power current signal I to the temperature regulator.
Circularly adjusting according to the steps until Tt＝Tc。
In an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation formula of the temperature at the depth of the tissue to be measured is:
wherein, TtThe temperature at the tissue depth to be measured; t is4、T5、T6、T7After the temperature of the heat-conducting fins reaches the control temperature for generating the active heat flow, the temperature is detected by the corresponding temperature sensor in a temperature balance state; r1、R2Are respectively two guidesThermal resistance of the hot bar, wherein R1The temperature of the lower end surface of the corresponding heat conducting rod is T4Upper end surface temperature of T6，R2The temperature of the lower end surface of the corresponding heat conducting rod is T5Upper end surface temperature of T7。
The specific derivation process of the above formula is:
as shown in FIG. 4, the temperature at the depth of the tissue to be measured is set to TtFrom there, the thermal resistances of the temperature sensors to the lower ends of the two heat conducting rods are Rt1 and Rt2, respectively, wherein Rt1 and Rt2 are the total thermal resistances of human tissue, skin stain, contact interface and the temperature sensors in the two heat conducting channels. Since the two heat conduction paths have a symmetrical structure and the same skin contact area, Rt1 is considered to be Rt2, R1、R2Respectively the thermal resistances of the two heat-conducting rods. Rt1 and R1Form a first heat conduction path, Rt2 and R2Forming a second heat conduction channel, wherein the heat flow formulas of the two channels are respectively as follows:
wherein, T4、T5、T6、T7After the temperature of the heat-conducting fins reaches the control temperature for generating the active heat flow, the temperature is detected by the corresponding temperature sensor in a temperature balance state; r2、R2Respectively the thermal resistances of two heat-conducting rods, wherein R1The temperature of the lower end surface of the corresponding heat conducting rod is T4Upper end surface temperature of T6，R2The temperature of the lower end surface of the corresponding heat conducting rod is T5Upper end surface temperature of T7。
From equation (1) to equation (2), equation (3) is obtained:
solving the formula (3) to obtain the temperature T at the depth of the tissue to be measuredt：
The above process eliminates the influence of the environmental temperature due to the use of the active heat conduction technology, so that the temperature inside the human tissue can be accurately reflected.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.
Claims (4)
1. A thermometer based on active heat flow control, comprising: the device comprises a heat conduction device, a temperature adjusting device and a heat flow control device; the temperature adjusting device is tightly attached to the upper end face of the heat conducting device;
the heat conduction device consists of a heat conduction rod and a heat insulation sleeve which are arranged inside and outside, the heat conduction rod is embedded in the heat insulation sleeve, two heat conduction rods are symmetrically arranged in the heat insulation sleeve relative to the central axis of the heat insulation sleeve, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of each heat conduction rod are respectively provided with a temperature sensor;
the temperature adjusting device comprises a heat conducting fin, a temperature adjuster, a radiating fin and a radiating fan which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in a clinging manner, wherein the heat conducting fin clings to the upper end face of the heat conducting rod;
the heat flow control device comprises a temperature control module, a signal conditioning module, an interface module and a processor module;
the thermometer is placed in the environment, after the thermometer and the environment reach a temperature balance state, the temperature values of the four temperature sensors are read, and the average value of the four temperature values is used as the environment temperature;
the lower end face of a heat conducting rod of the thermometer is tightly attached to the surface of skin to be detected, after the lower end face of the heat conducting rod and the surface of the skin reach a temperature balance state, temperature values of temperature sensors of the lower end faces of the two heat conducting rods are read, the average value of the temperature values is used as the surface temperature of the skin, and the temperature required for generating active heat flow, namely the temperature required by a heat conducting sheet, is calculated according to the environment temperature, the surface temperature of the skin and the depth of tissue to be detected; the temperature sensor on the lower end face of the heat conducting rod is used for acquiring the surface temperature of the skin, and the temperature sensor on the upper end face of the heat conducting rod is used for acquiring the temperature of the heat conducting sheet; the heat of the heat conducting rod is transferred to the heat conducting fins, the upper ends of the heat conducting fins reduce the temperature of the upper ends of the heat conducting fins through the temperature regulator, the radiating fins and the radiating fan, so that temperature difference is formed between the upper ends of the heat conducting fins and the lower ends of the heat conducting rods, and active heat flow from bottom to top is formed; the radiating fin is arranged on the upper end surface of the temperature regulator and radiates heat through the radiating fan;
after the temperature of the heat conducting fins is stable, temperature values of the four temperature sensors are obtained, the temperature measured by each temperature sensor is converted into a resistance signal and transmitted to the signal conditioning module, the signal conditioning module performs impedance matching, filtering and amplitude adjustment on the received resistance signal of each temperature sensor, outputs a voltage signal and transmits the voltage signal to the processor module; the user inputs the depth of the part to be detected in the interface module, and the interface module transmits the input depth of the part to be detected to the processor module; the processor module analyzes and calculates voltage signals of each temperature sensor and the depth of a part to be measured to obtain active heat flow control temperature and generate temperature control signals, then the temperature control signals are transmitted to the signal conditioning module to carry out impedance matching and signal conditioning, control signals for driving the temperature control module are generated, and the control signals are converted into driving current signals of a temperature regulator and driving speed signals of a cooling fan by the temperature control module and are correspondingly transmitted to control ends of the temperature regulator and the cooling fan; and when the active heat flow control temperature is stable, the processor module calculates the temperature of the part to be detected and outputs the temperature to the interface module for display.
2. The active heat flow control-based thermometer of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensors are embedded in the upper and lower end surfaces of the heat conducting rod respectively, and the temperature sensing planes of the temperature sensors are flush with the end surfaces of the heat conducting rod.
3. The active heat flow control based thermometer of claim 1 wherein the heat conducting fins, temperature regulator and heat sink are bonded together by a thermally conductive silicone grease.
4. The active heat flow control based thermometer of claim 1 wherein the temperature regulator is a TEC cooling plate and the controllable temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces is greater than 30 ℃.
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