CN110374704A - Low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system and working method based on reversible chemical reaction - Google Patents
Low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system and working method based on reversible chemical reaction Download PDFInfo
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- CN110374704A CN110374704A CN201910492299.XA CN201910492299A CN110374704A CN 110374704 A CN110374704 A CN 110374704A CN 201910492299 A CN201910492299 A CN 201910492299A CN 110374704 A CN110374704 A CN 110374704A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/106—Ammonia
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of, and the low grade heat energy based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, the system includes first circulation circuit, second circulation circuit and third circulation loop, including decomposition reactor, expanding machine, generator, regenerator, synthesis reactor and heat exchanger.The present invention also provides the working methods of the system, reactant decomposes after absorbing heat in decomposition reactor, the high temperature and high pressure gas of generation, which enters in expanding machine, to do work and pushes engine operating power generation, enter synthesis reactor generation synthetic reaction after finishing the lack of gas backheat of function and be dissolved in transmission liquid and forms solution, decomposition reactor is returned to after force (forcing) pump boosting in fluid power recyclable device, completes circulation.The present invention is by realizing low grade heat energy driving power generation using the reversible chemical reaction carried out under the conditions of different pressures and temperature, cycle fluid is natural refrigerant, it is economic and environment-friendly, the recycling to waste heat, overbottom pressure is realized by complementary energy recovery devices such as setting regenerator, heat exchanger and fluid power recyclable devices, is reduced system energy consumption, is improved system effectiveness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to low grade heat energies to utilize technical field, and in particular to a kind of based on the low-grade of reversible chemical reaction
Heat-driven electricity generation system and working method.
Background technique
With population in the world total amount be continuously increased and economic sustainable development, the energy demand of the mankind are growing.So
And the environmental problem generated during energy shortage and using energy source is increasingly prominent, energy conservation and environmental protection becomes the common master in the whole world
Topic.According to current Status of Energy Sources, low grade heat energy is not utilized effectively, and improving low grade heat energy utilization rate is to change
The key link of kind energy shortages situation, received more and more attention in recent years.
Low grade heat energy refers generally to the thermal energy that temperature is lower than 200 DEG C, and it is raw to be typically included in metallurgy, electric power, chemical industry, food etc.
The industrial exhaust heat and part renewable energy discharged during producing, such as solar energy, geothermal energy.Especially 150 DEG C below
Utilization efficiency of heat energy is lower, it is very difficult to utilize.Therefore develop low grade heat energy and drive generation technology, low-grade energy can be utilized
Source carries out heat to power output and generates electricity, and while improving low grade heat energy utilization rate, does not generate and pollutes to environment, to improving me
State's energy resource structure realizes that energy-saving and emission-reduction and comprehensive energy utilization have important theory and realistic meaning.
Organic Rankine Cycle is to replace vapor as circulation industrial using the lower organic working medium of boiling point in Rankine cycle
Matter carries out the circulation of heat to electricity conversion, in low-grade energy using upper, driving heat source temperature be typically necessary 200 DEG C it is even higher,
It is one of the low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system currently received significant attention.Although the research to Organic Rankine Cycle has very
It is more, but still in place of Shortcomings, if hot merit transformation efficiency is low, part working medium may aggravate greenhouse effects and depletion of the ozone layer,
Influence ecological environment.When heat source temperature is lower than 150 DEG C, Organic Rankine Cycle efficiency is lower or even generated energy does not support system also
The power consumption of system pump.Therefore, exploitation is to develop low-grade heat to the higher new circulation of more environment-friendly, Lowlevel thermal energy utilization rate
The critical issue of generation technology can be driven.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention provides a kind of low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system based on reversible chemical reaction, this is
The problem of system is able to solve the Organic Rankine Cycle low efficiency of low-grade heat driving, has an adverse effect to environment；Meanwhile this hair
It is bright to additionally provide the working method of the electricity generation system.
Technical solution: a kind of low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system based on reversible chemical reaction of the present invention, packet
Include first circulation circuit, second circulation circuit and third circulation loop；
The first circulation circuit includes decomposition reactor, the import of the gas vent and expanding machine of the decomposition reactor
Connection, the outlet of the expanding machine and the high temperature side-entrance of regenerator connect, and are provided with low-grade heat in the decomposition reactor
Source capsule road, the expanding machine and generator shaft connect；
The second circulation circuit includes synthesis reactor, the gas feed of the synthesis reactor and the regenerator
High temperature side outlet connection, the synthesis reactor taphole and force (forcing) pump import connection, the outlet of the force (forcing) pump with return
The low temperature side-entrance of hot device connects, and the low temperature side-entrance of the low temperature side outlet and heat exchanger of the regenerator connects, the heat exchange
The low temperature side outlet of device is connect with the solution inlet port of the decomposition reactor, and cooling water pipeline is equipped in the synthesis reactor；
The third circulation loop is that transmission liquid from the liquid outlet of decomposition reactor flows through heat exchanger to enter fluid power saturating
Flat, reaction solution enters synthesis reactor from the liquid outlet of hydraulic turbine.
Preferably, the force (forcing) pump is connected with hydraulic turbine by stand-by motor axis.
Preferably, corrugated sheet is arranged in the decomposition reactor gas outlet.
Preferably, the reactant is the substance that can be decomposed under certain condition with synthetic reaction, and is decomposed anti-
Answering product at least a kind of is gas.
Heretofore described gas is that above-mentioned reactant is decomposed the product of reaction.Preferably, it is selected in the present invention
Reactant be aminoquinoxaline, when the reactant in the present invention be aminoquinoxaline when, power generation cycle working medium of the present invention be from
Right working medium CO2And NH3。
The transmission liquid is that can dissolve the reactant and non-pneumatic product, the gas not generated with decomposition reaction
Pyrolysis, volatilization will not occur under required operating temperature or influence the liquid that reaction carries out for reaction.
If reactant is aminoquinoxaline, transmitting liquid can be Organic Alcohol, such as one of propylene glycol or ethylene glycol
Or both mixture.
The working method of the above-mentioned low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system based on reversible chemical reaction, comprising the following steps:
(a) in decomposition reactor, the reactant dissolved in liquid is transmitted, absorbs and is inputted from low-grade heat source pipeline
Heat after decompose reaction, enter expander after the transmission liquid that the gas of generation is mingled with through corrugated sheet removal and do work
And pushing generator operating power generation, the low pressure exhaust of generation are sent into synthesis reactor after discharging waste heat in regenerator；
(b) the transmission liquid isolated in decomposition reactor after exchanging heat in heat exchanger, does work into hydraulic turbine, drop
Synthesis reactor is sent into after to required pressure；
(c) after gas enters synthesis reactor, synthetic reaction, the cooled water lines of the heat released in reaction process occur
It takes away, the reactant of generation is dissolved in the transmission liquid from hydraulic turbine and forms mixed solution；
(d) regenerator is sent into after the pressurized pump pressurization of mixed solution to exchange heat with the exhaust from expanding machine, then into
Enter heat exchanger further to exchange heat with the transmission liquid from decomposition reactor, be finally sent into decomposition reactor, completes circulation.
The force (forcing) pump is connected with hydraulic turbine by stand-by motor axis, if the transmission liquid from decomposition reactor is in fluid power
It is down to required pressure work done in turbine, is forced into required pressure more than or equal to the mixed solution for exporting synthesis reactor
Consumed function, then stand-by motor does not work；Conversely, then stand-by motor works, mixed solution is forced into compensate by institute with this
Need the insufficient section of pressure.
The utility model has the advantages that (1) present invention uses reversible chemical reaction fuel factor as new principle, driven using low grade heat energy
Dynamic power generation, energy-saving effect are significant；(2) present invention selects suitable working medium according to heat source condition, can be under specified working condition
It absorbs heat and decomposes and react generation high pressure mixed gas promotion expanding machine acting, Applicable temperature range is wider, using more
Low-grade thermal energy；(3) present system uses natural refrigerant, harmless to living nature, to more environment-friendly, is conducive to alleviate
Artificial synthesized working medium largely uses the influence caused by environment；(4) regenerator, heat exchanger and fluid power are provided in present system
The surplus energy utilities device such as recyclable device can reduce system energy consumption with effective recycling waste heat, overbottom pressure, improve operational efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the low grade heat energies of reversible chemical reaction to drive electricity generation system schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, technical solution of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the low grade heat energy of the present invention based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, the system
System 1 includes first circulation circuit 10, second circulation circuit 20 and third circulation loop 30.
First circulation circuit 10 is the gas circulation loop of system 1, including decomposition reactor 101, decomposition reactor 101
Gas vent is connect with the import of expanding machine 102, and the outlet of expanding machine 102 is connect with the high temperature side-entrance of regenerator 103, backheat
The high temperature side outlet of device 103 is connect with second circulation circuit 20, and low-grade heat source pipeline 104 is provided in decomposition reactor 101,
Expanding machine 102 and 105 axis of generator connect, and corrugated sheet 106 is arranged at 101 mixed gas outlet of decomposition reactor.
Decomposition reaction under the heat source heating condition that reactant in decomposition reactor is passed through in low-grade heat source pipeline 104
Product is gas, and the high-temperature high-voltage reaction gas of generation enters in expanding machine 102 from the gas vent of decomposition reactor 101, swollen
Swollen 102 pushing generator 105 of machine acting, after subsequent low pressure exhaust further absorbs heat by regenerator 103, entrance second is followed
In loop back path 20.
Second circulation circuit 20 is reaction solution circulation loop, including synthesis reactor 201, the gas of synthesis reactor 201
Import is connect with the high temperature side outlet of regenerator 103, enters synthesis reactor 201 by the low pressure exhaust that regenerator 103 exchanges heat
In, taphole is connect with the import of force (forcing) pump 202 in reactor 201, the outlet of force (forcing) pump 202 and the low temperature of regenerator 103
Side-entrance connection, the low temperature side outlet of regenerator 103 are connect with the low temperature side-entrance of heat exchanger 203, the low temperature side of heat exchanger 203
Outlet is connect with the solution inlet port of decomposition reactor 101, and cooling water pipeline 204 is equipped in synthesis reactor 201.
Third circulation loop 30 be transmission liquid circulation loop, circuit include decomposition reactor 101, heat exchanger 203 and
Hydraulic turbine 301, specific connection relationship are as follows: the high temperature side-entrance of the liquid outlet and heat exchanger 203 of decomposition reactor 101 connects
It connects, 203 high temperature side outlet of heat exchanger is connect with 301 import of hydraulic turbine, the biography flowed out from the liquid outlet of decomposition reactor 101
Liquor charging body passes through heat exchanger 203, subsequently enters hydraulic turbine 301, the biography that hydraulic turbine 301 will be flowed out from decomposition reactor 101
Liquor charging body pressure is down to synthetic reaction pressure, and the transmission liquid by decompression enters synthesis from the liquid outlet of hydraulic turbine 301
Reactor 201, the reaction system solution as synthetic reaction.
Electric auxiliary drive fluid power recovery system 40 is also provided in the present invention, fluid power recovery system is anti-from decomposing for recycling
The pressure energy for answering the high pressure isolated in device transmission liquid, is used for the pressurization of mixed solution in synthesis reactor 201, avoids
The pressure loss of energy caused by it is directly depressured.Electric auxiliary drive fluid power recovery system 40 is by force (forcing) pump 202, liquid in the present embodiment
Power turbine 301 and stand-by motor 302 form, and force (forcing) pump 202 and hydraulic turbine 301 are connected by 302 axis of stand-by motor.If coming from
The transmission liquid of decomposition reactor 101 is down to required pressure work done in hydraulic turbine 301, and being greater than or equal to will synthesize instead
The mixed solution for answering device 201 to export is forced into function consumed by required pressure, then stand-by motor 302 does not work；Conversely, then passing through
Mixed solution is forced into the part of required insufficient pressure to compensate by stand-by motor.
Between each equipment of low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system provided in this embodiment based on reversible chemical reaction
It is connected by pipeline, needs is controlled according to system, can also arrange the equipment such as valve, instrument on pipeline.It can also be wrapped in system
Include auxiliary equipment, electrical system, control system etc..
Aminoquinoxaline (NH is used in the present embodiment2COONH4) it is used as reactant, aminoquinoxaline is closed in chemical industry
At the intermediate product of urea, white tetragonal system, column, plate or flaky crystal powder can be dissolved in Organic Alcohol such as second two
The substances such as alcohol or propylene glycol can decompose under certain condition and synthetic reaction, reaction equation are as follows:
The decomposition of aminoquinoxaline and synthetic reaction are reversible, in reaction process absorb or release heat, this reaction with
Temperature and pressure is closely related, reaction forward or reverse progress can be made by control reactor pressure or temperature, thus real
The now carbon dioxide of endothermic decomposition generation high temperature and pressure and the acting of ammonia gas mixture body pushing turbine, low-temp low-pressure at high temperature
Lower gas occurs synthetic reaction generation aminoquinoxaline and is dissolved in transmission solution and is pressurized, to complete to recycle.
The low-grade heat source pipeline 104 being equipped in decomposition reactor 101 provides required heat for decomposition reactor 101,
Aminoquinoxaline inhales thermogenetic high temperature and pressure carbon dioxide and ammonia gas mixture body pushing turbine in decomposition reactor 101
Acting.For the transmission solution that the present embodiment uses for propylene glycol, propylene glycol is nontoxic, and boiling point is 188.2 DEG C, can dissolve carbamic acid
Ammonium is simultaneously conducive to its decomposition, can solve the problem of blocking in real system.
The aminoquinoxaline that carbon dioxide and ammonia synthetic reaction generate in synthesis reactor is by transmission liquid absorption shape
At mixed solution, be overpressurized, exchange heat after be sent into decomposition reactor, to realize the circulation of working medium, set in synthesis reactor 201
There is cooling water pipeline, the heat generated in synthesis reactor is discharged.
The working method of the above-mentioned low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system based on reversible chemical reaction are as follows:
In decomposition reactor 101, the aminoquinoxaline being dissolved in propylene glycol solution is decomposed reaction after heat absorption,
Carbon dioxide, the ammonia gas mixture body of high temperature and pressure are generated, reaction process pressure is 1.8MPa, and temperature is 120 DEG C, reaction heat master
It to be inputted by low-grade heat source pipeline 104；The mixed gas of high temperature and pressure passes through the waveform that 101 top of decomposition reactor is arranged in
Removal is mixed in propylene glycol solution therein after plate 106, into 102 expansion work of expanding machine and the operating hair of pushing generator 105
Electricity, the low pressure exhaust of generation are sent into synthesis reactor 201 after discharging waste heat in regenerator 103；
The propylene glycol solution isolated in decomposition reactor 101, after exchanging heat in heat exchanger 203, into hydraulic turbine 301
Acting is sent into synthesis reactor 201 after being down to required pressure；
In synthesis reactor 201, synthetic reaction occurs for mixed gas carbon dioxide and ammonia, and the reactant of generation is dissolved in
Propylene glycol solution from hydraulic turbine 301 forms mixed solution, cooled 204 band of water lines of the heat released in reaction process
It walks, cooling water uses environment temperature water, such as: 30 DEG C, reaction process pressure is corresponding point of aminoquinoxaline under coolant water temperature
Decompression force 0.018MPa；Be sent into after pressurized 202 pressurization of pump of mixed solution regenerator 103 and the exhaust from expanding machine 102 into
Row heat exchange, further exchanges heat subsequently into heat exchanger 203 and the propylene glycol solution from decomposition reactor 101, is finally sent into and divides
Reactor 101 is solved, is so recycled.
In the present embodiment, the propylene glycol solution from decomposition reactor 101 is down to synthetic reaction in hydraulic turbine 301
Pressure work done, the mixed with propylene glycol solution dissolved with aminoquinoxaline for just enough exporting synthesis reactor 201 pressurize
To decomposition reaction pressure, therefore stand-by motor 302 does not work；If selected transmission liquid is different in system, liquid may cause
The function that power turbine 301 is exported is insufficient, and stand-by motor 302 needs to open in this case, is forced into mixed solution with compensation
The part of required insufficient pressure.
The generating efficiency of low grade heat energy based on reversible chemical reaction driving electricity generation system is obtained by the above parameter estimation
Up to 18.4%, further sophisticated systems process can be such that generating efficiency further increases, it can be seen that, this system is in low-grade heat
Power generation can be driven has certain prospect using upper.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of low grade heat energy based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, which is characterized in that the system (1) includes
First circulation circuit (10), second circulation circuit (20) and third circulation loop (30)；
The first circulation circuit (10) includes decomposition reactor (101), the gas vent of the decomposition reactor (101) with it is swollen
The import of swollen machine (102) connects, and the outlet of the expanding machine (102) is connect with the high temperature side-entrance of regenerator (103), and described point
It is provided with low-grade heat source pipeline (104) in solution reactor (101), the expanding machine (102) and generator (105) axis connect；
The second circulation circuit (20) includes synthesis reactor (201), the gas feed of the synthesis reactor (201) and institute
State the high temperature side outlet connection of regenerator (103), the import of synthesis reactor (201) taphole and force (forcing) pump (202)
Connection, the outlet of the force (forcing) pump (202) are connect with the low temperature side-entrance of regenerator (103), the low temperature of the regenerator (103)
Side outlet is connect with the low temperature side-entrance of heat exchanger (203), the low temperature side outlet of the heat exchanger (203) and the decomposition reaction
The solution inlet port of device (101) connects, and is equipped with cooling water pipeline (204) in the synthesis reactor (201)；
The third circulation loop (30) is to transmit liquid to flow through heat exchanger (203) from the liquid outlet of decomposition reactor (101)
Into hydraulic turbine (301), reaction solution enters synthesis reactor (201) from the liquid outlet of hydraulic turbine (301).
2. the low grade heat energy according to claim 1 based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, which is characterized in that
The force (forcing) pump (202) and hydraulic turbine (301) are connected by stand-by motor (302) axis.
3. the low grade heat energy according to claim 1 based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, which is characterized in that
Corrugated sheet (106) are arranged in decomposition reactor (101) gas outlet.
4. the low grade heat energy according to claim 1 based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, which is characterized in that
Reactant in the system (1) is the substance that can decompose and synthesize reversible reaction, and decomposition reaction includes at least one kind
Gaseous product.
5. the low grade heat energy according to claim 4 based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, which is characterized in that
The reactant is aminoquinoxaline.
6. the low grade heat energy according to claim 1 based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, which is characterized in that
The transmission liquid is that can dissolve the reactant and non-pneumatic product, the gas reaction not generated with decomposition reaction,
It will not be pyrolyzed under required operating temperature, volatilize or influence the liquid that reaction carries out.
7. the low grade heat energy according to claim 6 based on reversible chemical reaction drives electricity generation system, which is characterized in that
The transmission liquid is one of propylene glycol or ethylene glycol or a variety of.
8. the work of the low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 based on reversible chemical reaction
Make method, comprising the following steps:
(a) in decomposition reactor (101) reactant dissolved in liquid, is transmitted, is absorbed from low-grade heat source pipeline
(104) it decomposes reaction after the heat inputted, the gas of generation enters after corrugated sheet (106) remove the transmission liquid being mingled with
Expanding machine (102) expansion work and pushing generator (105), which operate, to generate electricity, and the low pressure exhaust of generation is released in regenerator (103)
Synthesis reactor (201) are sent into after putting waste heat；
(b) the transmission liquid isolated in decomposition reactor (101), in heat exchanger (203) after heat exchange, into hydraulic turbine
(301) it does work, is sent into synthesis reactor (201) after being down to required pressure；
(c) after gas enters synthesis reactor (201), synthetic reaction, the cooled water pipe of the heat released in reaction process occurs
Road (204) is taken away, and the reactant of generation is dissolved in the transmission liquid from hydraulic turbine (301) and forms mixed solution；
(d) regenerator (103) are sent into after pressurized pump (202) pressurization of mixed solution to carry out with the exhaust from expanding machine (102)
Heat exchange further exchanges heat subsequently into heat exchanger (203) and the transmission liquid from decomposition reactor (101), is finally sent into and divides
It solves reactor (101), completes circulation.
9. the working method of the low grade heat energy driving electricity generation system according to claim 8 based on reversible chemical reaction,
It is characterized by: the force (forcing) pump (202) and hydraulic turbine (301) are connected by stand-by motor (302) axis, if coming from decomposition reaction
The transmission liquid of device (101) is down to required pressure work done in hydraulic turbine (301), is greater than or equal to synthesis reactor
(201) mixed solution exported is forced into function consumed by required pressure, then stand-by motor (302) does not work；Conversely, then assisting
Motor work compensates the part that mixed solution is forced into required insufficient pressure with this.
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| WO2023083242A1 (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2023-05-19 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Low-temperature cyclic power generation system and method with carbon dioxide gas as working medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114623713B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2024-02-02 | 东南大学 | Rotary heat storage heat exchanger based on reversible chemical reaction thermal effect and heat storage method |
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| CN110374704B (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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