CN110374696B - Method for lifting safe and stable operation of back-extraction type steam turbine unit system - Google Patents
Method for lifting safe and stable operation of back-extraction type steam turbine unit system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110374696B CN110374696B CN201910603288.4A CN201910603288A CN110374696B CN 110374696 B CN110374696 B CN 110374696B CN 201910603288 A CN201910603288 A CN 201910603288A CN 110374696 B CN110374696 B CN 110374696B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/14—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to other specific conditions
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the safe and stable operation of a back-extraction type steam turbine unit system, wherein a steam turbine of the unit system comprises a high-medium pressure outer cylinder and a high-pressure inner cylinder, a cylinder is of a double-layer cylinder structure, the high-medium pressure outer cylinder is internally provided with the high-pressure inner cylinder, a high-pressure steam chamber, a medium-pressure steam chamber, two partition plate sleeves, a front steam seal and a rear steam seal, before the unit is started, a steam seal ring is subjected to process adjustment, the expansion difference is increased from 4mm to 6mm, and a cylinder warming pipeline is additionally arranged outside a cylinder body to perform cylinder warming operation first, so that the steam turbine is ensured to be successfully started at one time and smoothly connected to a grid for power generation; the invention can realize one-time successful grid-connected power generation at each start, the unit operates stably and can realize full-load operation, various parameters of the unit are good during operation, and the power generation benefit of a company is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving safe and stable operation of a back-extraction type steam turbine set system.
Background
The steam turbine is a double-cylinder, single-shaft, impulse and steam extraction back pressure type steam turbine, and a cylinder of the steam turbine is of a double-layer cylinder structure. The high-medium pressure outer cylinder is internally provided with a high-pressure inner cylinder, a high-pressure steam chamber, a medium-pressure steam chamber, two sets of partition plate sleeves, a front steam seal, a rear steam seal and other part sleeves, and the through flow part consists of 13 stages of pressure stages and 2 regulating stages.
Has disadvantages in unit design. There are mainly three problems:
1. the thermal expansion curve of the steam turbine is not consistent with the design, and the steam turbine generator unit cannot realize grid-connected power generation because the steam turbine generator unit trips due to overlarge expansion difference when the steam turbine generator unit is started in a cold state. External heat supply can only be reduced by two times, and the stability and the economic benefit of production are seriously influenced.
2. The load of 1# turbine more than 7MW, 2# turbine load all produce the abnormal sound more than 24MW, and cylinder body high-frequency vibration, influence unit safety, can't realize the high load operation. The steam pressure of the steam turbine unit is 13.24MPa, the steam temperature is 535 ℃, the high-frequency vibration of the cylinder body can lead the bolt of the cylinder body to be loosened, the pipeline interface is broken due to vibration, the pressure gauge is burst, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is leaked, the personal safety and the equipment safety are seriously threatened, and the normal production is influenced.
3. Steam at the high-pressure end shaft seal position of the steam turbine leaks seriously, pollutes lubricating oil of a unit, causes failure or damage of thermal elements and even causes scalding of personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for improving the safe and stable operation of a back-extraction type steam turbine set system,
in order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a promote method of taking out back of body formula steam turbine unit system safety and stability operation, the cylinder of this unit system steam turbine be double-deck jar structure, and high-pressure inner cylinder, high pressure steam chamber, middling pressure steam chamber, two sets of baffle cover, preceding vapor seal and back vapor seal, its characterized in that are equipped with to high-intermediate pressure outer cylinder inside:
before the unit is started, the process adjustment is carried out on the steam seal ring, the expansion difference is improved from 4mm to 6mm, meanwhile, a cylinder warming pipeline is added outside a cylinder body, cylinder warming operation is carried out firstly, the steam turbine is ensured to be successfully started at one time, and grid-connected power generation is smoothly carried out;
in the running process of the unit, the natural frequency test is carried out on the steam outlet side and the steam inlet side of the inner cylinder first partition plate sleeve, the second partition plate sleeve, the medium-pressure steam chamber, and the natural frequency of each stage of partition plate and the natural frequency of each stage of impeller are tested at the same time, the frequency of each stage of partition plate and the frequency of each stage of impeller do not appear between 232Hz and 243Hz, which indicates that the partition plates and the impellers are not the reason for the vibration of the steam turbine, the two stages of partition plate sleeves have high self rigidity, the natural frequency vibration is difficult to be excited through the knocking test, the frequency of the steam inlet side of the medium-pressure steam chamber is slightly high, the three frequencies of the steam outlet side are closer to the frequency of the abnormal vibration of the steam turbine, and the steam outlet side is easy to be excited, which indicates that the rigidity of the steam outlet side is obviously weak;
firstly, changing the connection mode of the radial gland casing and the first-stage clapboard sleeve, changing the original bolt connection mode into a bolt connection and welding mode, enhancing the connection reliability of the radial gland casing and the rigidity of the radial gland casing, and avoiding the high-frequency vibration range;
secondly, four reinforcing bolts are additionally arranged in the medium-pressure steam chamber, and a front partition plate and a rear partition plate of the medium-pressure steam chamber are connected, so that the rigidity of the steam outlet side is improved, and the high-frequency vibration range is avoided;
thirdly, removing four steam baffles right above, right below and left and right of the medium-pressure steam chamber, eliminating a whistle effect generated by steam throttling, and generating high frequency to cause high-frequency vibration of components;
finally, four lugs with the area of 3 square centimeters are welded on the back of the waistline of the first clapboard sleeve in a repairing mode, the clapboard sleeve is stressed on the cylinder through the lugs under the thermal state, the rigidity of the clapboard sleeve is enhanced, and the high-frequency vibration range is avoided;
after the medium-pressure steam chamber of the second steam turbine is reinforced, natural frequency tests are carried out, 22.5 degrees and 67.5 degrees on a steam inlet side and 22.5 degrees and 67.5 degrees on a steam outlet side are respectively tested, and compared with the natural frequency before reinforcement, the natural frequency of the medium-pressure steam chamber is improved;
according to the operating state of the steam turbine in the early stage, the radial designed clearance is adjusted, the clearance is installed and adjusted according to the design lower limit or is lower than the design lower limit, the steam leakage amount of the steam seal is reduced, the utilization efficiency of steam is improved, and the phenomenon of steam leakage is eliminated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: from the completion of transformation to the present, once successful grid-connected power generation can be realized during each starting, the unit operates stably and can operate at full load, all parameters of the unit during operation are good, and the power generation benefit of a company is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a test chart of natural frequency of the steam outlet side of the medium-pressure steam chamber.
Fig. 2 is a test chart of natural frequency of steam inlet side of the medium-pressure steam chamber.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the natural frequency waveform at the 22.5 degree position on the steam inlet side of the medium pressure steam chamber.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the natural frequency waveform at the 67.5 degree position on the steam inlet side of the medium pressure steam chamber.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the natural frequency waveform at the 22.5 degree position on the steam outlet side of the intermediate pressure steam chamber.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the natural frequency waveform at the 67.5 degree position on the steam outlet side of the intermediate pressure steam chamber.
Detailed Description
A method for raising the safety and stability of back-drawing steam turbine set system features that the cylinder of steam turbine has a dual-layer cylinder structure, the high-and medium-pressure external cylinder has internal high-and medium-pressure internal cylinder, high-pressure steam chamber, medium-pressure steam chamber, two sleeve partitions, front and back steam seals,
in order to realize smooth start and grid-connected power generation of the unit, the expansion requirement of a cylinder body is met. After the design drawing of a factory is fully researched and discussed, the process adjustment is carried out on the steam seal ring under the condition that the structure of the existing equipment is not changed, the expansion difference is improved from 4mm to 6mm, the starting requirement is reduced from the technical aspect, meanwhile, a cylinder warming pipeline is additionally arranged outside a cylinder body, the cylinder warming operation is carried out before the unit is started, the steam turbine is ensured to be successfully started at one time, and the grid-connected power generation is smoothly carried out.
In the running process of the unit, the part generating high-frequency vibration is searched and measured, the part generating abnormal sound is preliminarily judged, the drawing of the internal part of the part is carefully researched, and meanwhile, the vibration is measured by using professional equipment, and the result is as follows:
the natural frequency of the inner cylinder 1# baffle sleeve, the 2# baffle sleeve, the steam outlet side and the steam inlet side of the medium-pressure steam chamber are tested, the natural frequency of each stage of baffle and the natural frequency of each stage of impeller are tested at the same time, the frequency of each stage of baffle and the frequency of the impeller do not appear between 232Hz and 243Hz, which shows that the baffle and the impeller are not the reason of the vibration of the steam turbine, the two stages of baffle sleeves have high self rigidity, the natural frequency vibration is difficult to be excited through the knocking test, the frequency of the steam inlet side of the medium-pressure steam chamber is slightly high, the three frequencies of the steam outlet side are closer to the frequency of the abnormal vibration of the steam turbine, and the steam outlet side is easy to be excited, which shows that the rigidity of the steam outlet side is obviously weaker.
TABLE 1 inherent frequency table of each component (Hz)
| Location of a |
2# clapboard sleeve | 1# clapboard sleeve | Steam inlet side of medium pressure steam chamber | Steam outlet side of medium-pressure steam chamber |
| Dominant frequency | Can not excite vibration | Can not excite vibration | 308.8、400、248.8 | 225、251.3、232.5 |
As shown in fig. 1 and 2: based on the measurement results, it was determined through research that an optimization improvement was proposed for the two components of the site.
The connection mode of the radial steam seal body and the first-stage clapboard sleeve is changed, the original bolt connection mode is changed into a bolt connection and welding mode, the connection reliability of the radial steam seal body and the radial steam seal body is enhanced, and the high-frequency vibration range is avoided;
secondly, four reinforcing bolts are additionally arranged in the medium-pressure steam chamber, and a front partition plate and a rear partition plate of the medium-pressure steam chamber are connected, so that the rigidity of the steam outlet side is improved, and the high-frequency vibration range is avoided;
thirdly, removing four steam baffles right above, right below and left and right of the medium-pressure steam chamber, eliminating a whistle effect generated by steam throttling, and generating high frequency to cause high-frequency vibration of components;
finally, four lugs with the area of 3 square centimeters are welded on the back of the waistline of the first clapboard sleeve in a repairing mode, the clapboard sleeve is stressed on the cylinder through the lugs under the thermal state, the rigidity of the clapboard sleeve is enhanced, and the high-frequency vibration range is avoided;
and (3) carrying out natural frequency test after reinforcing the medium-pressure steam chamber of the No. 2 unit, respectively testing 22.5 degrees and 67.5 degrees on a steam inlet side and 22.5 degrees and 67.5 degrees on a steam outlet side, wherein the natural frequencies are shown in table 2, and knocking waveform frequency spectrograms of all points are shown in fig. 3-6.
TABLE 2 Medium pressure steam chamber natural frequency (Hz)
| Upper 22.5 degree | Upper 67.5 degree | |
| Steam inlet side | 683.8、691.3 | 683.8、691.3 |
| Steam outlet side | 690、683.8 | 690、683.8 |
According to the operating state of the steam turbine in the early stage, the abrasion condition of the steam seal after the cylinder is opened is combined, the radial design gap is adjusted through analysis and calculation under the condition of ensuring no collision and abrasion, the gap is installed and adjusted according to the design lower limit or lower than the design lower limit, the steam leakage amount of the steam seal is reduced, the utilization efficiency of steam is improved, and the phenomenon of steam leakage is eliminated at the same time.
After the analysis and discussion of the problems and the implementation according to the optimization scheme, the two machine sets are respectively modified. From the completion of transformation to the present, once successful grid-connected power generation can be realized during each starting, the unit operates stably, full load (35 MW) operation can be realized, and various parameters of the unit during operation are good.
Through this optimization transformation, the 1# unit has realized taking the operation of 35MW load to taking now from the highest only can take 7MW load, and the 2# unit has realized taking the operation of 35MW load to taking now from the highest only can take 24MW load, has greatly improved the generating efficiency of company.
So far, no abnormal sound appears in 2 units under each load, and once all the units are stranded, the problem that the problem is unsolved is solved perfectly under the condition of the force of our driving.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a promote method of taking out back of body formula steam turbine unit system safety and stability operation, the cylinder of this unit system steam turbine be double-deck jar structure, and high-pressure inner cylinder, high pressure steam chamber, middling pressure steam chamber, two sets of baffle cover, preceding vapor seal and back vapor seal, its characterized in that are equipped with to high-intermediate pressure outer cylinder inside:
before the unit is started, the process adjustment is carried out on the steam seal ring, the expansion difference is improved from 4mm to 6mm, meanwhile, a cylinder warming pipeline is added outside a cylinder body, cylinder warming operation is carried out firstly, the steam turbine is ensured to be successfully started at one time, and grid-connected power generation is smoothly carried out;
in the running process of the unit, the natural frequency test is carried out on the steam outlet side and the steam inlet side of the inner cylinder first partition plate sleeve, the second partition plate sleeve, the medium-pressure steam chamber, and the natural frequency of each stage of partition plate and the natural frequency of each stage of impeller are tested at the same time, the frequency of each stage of partition plate and the frequency of each stage of impeller do not appear between 232Hz and 243Hz, which indicates that the partition plates and the impellers are not the reason for the vibration of the steam turbine, the two stages of partition plate sleeves have high self rigidity, the natural frequency vibration is difficult to be excited through the knocking test, the frequency of the steam inlet side of the medium-pressure steam chamber is slightly high, the three frequencies of the steam outlet side are closer to the frequency of the abnormal vibration of the steam turbine, and the steam outlet side is easy to be excited, which indicates that the rigidity of the steam outlet side is obviously weak;
firstly, changing the connection mode of the radial gland casing and the first-stage clapboard sleeve, changing the original bolt connection mode into a bolt connection and welding mode, enhancing the connection reliability of the radial gland casing and the rigidity of the radial gland casing, and avoiding the high-frequency vibration range;
secondly, four reinforcing bolts are additionally arranged in the medium-pressure steam chamber, and a front partition plate and a rear partition plate of the medium-pressure steam chamber are connected, so that the rigidity of the steam outlet side is improved, and the high-frequency vibration range is avoided;
thirdly, removing four steam baffles right above, right below and left and right of the medium-pressure steam chamber, eliminating a whistle effect generated by steam throttling, and generating high frequency to cause high-frequency vibration of components;
finally, four lugs with the area of 3 square centimeters are welded on the back of the waistline of the first clapboard sleeve in a repairing mode, the clapboard sleeve is stressed on the cylinder through the lugs under the thermal state, the rigidity of the first clapboard sleeve is enhanced, and the high-frequency vibration range is avoided;
after the medium-pressure steam chamber of the steam turbine is reinforced, natural frequency tests are carried out, 22.5 degrees and 67.5 degrees on a steam inlet side and 22.5 degrees and 67.5 degrees on a steam outlet side are respectively tested, and compared with the natural frequency before reinforcement, the natural frequency of the medium-pressure steam chamber is improved;
according to the operating state of the steam turbine in the early stage, the radial designed clearance is adjusted, the clearance is installed and adjusted according to the design lower limit or is lower than the design lower limit, the steam leakage amount of the steam seal is reduced, the utilization efficiency of steam is improved, and the phenomenon of steam leakage is eliminated.
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| EP2990609A1 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a machine system with a shaft train |
| CN104895627B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2017-01-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Steam flow excited vibration suppression method and system of steam turbine |
| CN106979036B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2019-03-29 | 大唐东北电力试验研究院有限公司 | Thermal power plant unit block distortion and unit vibration numerical value monitoring method and system |
| CN208502850U (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-02-15 | 国家电投集团东北电力有限公司抚顺热电分公司 | A kind of low voltage partition plate and diaphragm housing ring suitable for high back pressure steam turbine |
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