CN110372050B - Application of laterite-nickel ore as catalyst in wastewater treatment and method thereof - Google Patents
Application of laterite-nickel ore as catalyst in wastewater treatment and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Abstract
The invention discloses an application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment and a method thereof, belonging to the field of environmental protection and chemical industry. The method comprises the steps of adding the ground and dried catalyst and high-concentration wastewater into a reaction kettle, and heating the mixture to a supercritical system for catalytic gasification. The catalyst is natural laterite-nickel ore, and strong catalytic degradation reaction is carried out on pollutants under the synergistic effect of the multi-metal catalyst in a supercritical system, so that organic matters in the wastewater can be quickly and completely oxidized and decomposed, toxic and harmful substances are removed, and high-quality combustible gas is obtained. The catalyst in the method has the characteristics of wide source, low price and high catalytic efficiency, and meanwhile, the reaction time is short and the degradation rate is high in a supercritical system, so that the purpose of harmless and resource treatment of high-concentration wastewater is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and chemical industry, and relates to application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment and a method thereof, in particular to the application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst, and the method for performing harmless treatment on high-concentration wastewater by using a supercritical water system, wherein the obtained byproduct is clean energy, and the purpose of recycling the high-concentration wastewater is realized.
Background
The high-concentration wastewater mainly comprises wastewater produced in the agricultural industry, and the wastewater has strong degradability and contains harmless organic substances; pharmaceutical wastewater, chemical wastewater and the like, wherein the wastewater contains certain harmful ions and chemical substances; the fine chemical wastewater has complex components, strong toxicity and great influence on the environment. The properties of the three types of high-concentration wastewater are difficult to see, the high-concentration wastewater has high organic matter concentration, high suspended matter content in water, high chroma, complex components of water quality, difficult biodegradation and high treatment difficulty. In addition, the high-concentration wastewater has complex components, and the wastewater contains more organic compounds such as aromatic compounds and heterocyclic compounds, sulfides, nitrides, heavy metals and toxic organic substances; the traditional biological treatment technology is difficult to meet the technical and economic requirements of high-concentration wastewater purification treatment.
Supercritical water (Pc =22.1 MPa, Tc =374.3 ℃) has various unique physicochemical properties which are not possessed by water under normal state, and has extremely strong dissolving capacity for organic matters and nonpolar gases, so that reactants and products can be rapidly diffused in a reaction system, the physical barrier between the reactants is greatly reduced, and the reaction speed is accelerated. Compared with normal water, the hydrogen bond quantity in the supercritical water is reduced, the hydrogen bond effect is weakened, the conductivity is lowered, and the water can dissolve gas and organic matters at the same time, so that a uniform reaction medium is provided for various chemical reactions, and the reaction efficiency is correspondingly improved. Based on the characteristics, the supercritical water technology has wide application and can efficiently treat various toxic and chemically stable pollutants.
At present, supercritical water oxidation treatment on high-concentration wastewater is less researched, higher conversion rate is generally obtained, the reaction conditions are severer, the temperature of CN 101928080A is as high as 600 ℃, the temperature of CN 102874916A is as high as 700 ℃,
researches find that the organic waste liquid adopts excessive oxidant in supercritical water, the temperature exceeds 600 ℃, and the oxidation treatment effect is better when the pressure reaches up to 100 MPa. It follows that the reactor requirements under ultra-high pressure and ultra-high temperature conditions are necessarily high, with increased processing costs and operational risks. Therefore, the addition of catalyst can increase the reaction time and speed and reduce the reaction temperature, and the common catalysts at present comprise NaOH and Na2CO3KOH, and the like or artificially synthesized metal-based catalysts, but the treatment cost is relatively high and the corrosion to reaction equipment is great. Therefore, in the existing research on treating high-concentration wastewater in a supercritical water state, the problems of high energy consumption, high temperature, high pressure, high oxidant consumption, high catalyst cost and the like still exist, and the popularization and development of the technology are limited to a great extent.
In summary, there is a need to invent an application of laterite nickel ore as catalyst in wastewater treatment and a method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the characteristics of high organic matter content and resource utilization value of high-concentration organic matter wastewater, and aims at providing an application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment and an application method of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment. In particular to a method for efficiently degrading organic matters in wastewater under the supercritical condition by adding a natural laterite-nickel ore catalyst with low cost without adding an oxidant and obtaining H2、CH4Mainly clean energy and improve the economical efficiency of high-concentration wastewater treatment.
The first purpose of the invention is realized by the application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment.
Furthermore, the wastewater is high-concentration wastewater, and the high-concentration wastewater is any one or more of agricultural wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, chemical wastewater and fine chemical wastewater.
Further, the organic concentration of pollutants in the wastewater is 5-50%, and COD = 5000-50000 mg/L.
Furthermore, the laterite-nickel ore is natural laterite-nickel ore, and the natural laterite-nickel ore is any one or more of iron laterite-nickel ore, iron magnesium laterite-nickel ore and magnesium laterite-nickel ore.
Further, the laterite-nickel ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 10 percent of Ni, 5 to 80 percent of Fe, 2 to 30 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.10 percent of Co, 1 to 8 percent of Al and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Mn.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the method for applying the laterite-nickel ore as the catalyst in the wastewater treatment, the method comprises the steps of grinding and drying the laterite-nickel ore, adding the laterite-nickel ore as the catalyst into the wastewater to be treated under the closed condition and under the protection of inert gas, heating and pressurizing to perform supercritical catalytic gasification reaction, discharging the treated water sample reaching the standard, and collecting combustible gas H2Or CH4As a by-product.
Further, the grinding granularity of the laterite-nickel ore is 100-400 meshes, and the drying time is 3-5 hours.
Furthermore, the mass filling ratio of the organic pollutants to the catalyst in the wastewater is 1 (1-10).
Further, the temperature of the supercritical catalytic gasification reaction is 400-550 ℃, the pressure is 22-24 MPa, and the reaction time is 1-60 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, a supercritical water reaction system is utilized, and low-cost natural laterite-nickel ore is added at a lower temperature as a catalyst, so that high-concentration wastewater is efficiently degraded, gas with a byproduct of clean energy can be obtained, organic matters in the wastewater are converted into energy on the premise of not adding an oxidant, the effective degradation of waste is realized, and resource combustible gas is obtained at the same time.
2. The treatment method provided by the invention realizes catalytic gasification of high-concentration wastewater in a high-efficiency low-temperature mode, and particularly has a good treatment effect on wastewater with high COD.
3. The catalyst adopted by the invention accelerates the reaction process, is a natural product, has low price, wide source and low corrosion degree to reaction equipment, and simultaneously has short reaction time and high degradation rate under a supercritical system, thereby realizing harmless and recycling treatment of high-concentration wastewater.
4. The catalyst and pollutants adopted by the invention have high reaction activity in the catalytic gasification degradation process, and the synergistic effect of different metals plays a key role. The laterite-nickel ore is used as a catalyst, wherein the dispersion degree of active metal in the catalyst is increased by main metal components, so that the active metal has higher exposure, and the selectivity of the metal catalyst to reaction is enhanced; in addition, the alloy phase formed among different metals inhibits the generation of surface carbon deposit under the condition of supercritical water, and enhances the reaction activity; the dehydrogenation selectivity of the organic matter is increased by the synergistic effect of different metals; the intermetallic synergistic effect can avoid or reduce the surface sintering of the catalyst and promote the stability of the metal catalyst.
5. The system adopted by the invention is clean and pollution-free, and has simple process and stable operation.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment and a method thereof, which comprises the following steps:
1) grinding the laterite-nickel ore serving as the catalyst to the granularity of 100 meshes, and drying for 3 hours for later use;
2) manually screwing down the reactor, filling inert gas through the gas inlet, and putting the reactor into water for leakage test until the reactor is qualified;
3) and (3) after the gas leakage detection of the reaction kettle in the step (2) is qualified, adding an iron laterite-nickel ore catalyst, wherein the mass fraction of the metal component Ni in the catalyst is 1%. The laterite-nickel ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% of Ni, 80% of Fe, 2% of Mg, 0.01% of Co, 1% of Al and 0.1% of Mn.
4) And (3) adding high-concentration wastewater into the reaction kettle, wherein the concentration of organic matters is 5%, COD =5000mg/L, and the mass filling ratio of organic pollutants to the catalyst in the high-concentration wastewater is 1:1, and sealing the reaction kettle. The high-concentration wastewater is agricultural wastewater.
5) And (3) heating and pressurizing the reaction kettle until the temperature of the reaction system reaches 400 ℃ and the pressure reaches 22MPa, keeping the reaction time for 1min, and carrying out catalytic gasification reaction of a supercritical system.
6) Cooling the reaction kettle, and collecting high-quality combustible gas H2Or CH4And discharging the treated water sample reaching the standard.
Example 2
An application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment and a method thereof, which comprises the following steps:
1) grinding natural laterite-nickel ore serving as a catalyst for 3.5 hours for later use, wherein the grinding granularity and the mesh number of the natural laterite-nickel ore are 200;
2) manually screwing down the reactor, filling inert gas through the gas inlet, and putting the reactor into water for leakage test until the reactor is qualified;
3) and (3) after the gas leakage detection of the reaction kettle in the step (2) is qualified, adding a magnesium laterite-nickel ore catalyst, wherein the mass fraction of the metal component Ni in the catalyst is 5%. The laterite-nickel ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of Ni, 5% of Fe, 30% of Mg, 0.10% of Co, 8% of Al and 0.5% of Mn.
4) Adding high-concentration wastewater into a reaction kettle, wherein the concentration of organic matters is 10%, COD =15000mg/L, the mass filling ratio of organic pollutants to catalyst in the high-concentration wastewater is 1:2, and sealing the reaction kettle. The high-concentration wastewater is pharmaceutical wastewater.
5) And (3) heating and pressurizing the reaction kettle until the temperature of the reaction system reaches 450 ℃ and the pressure reaches 23MPa, keeping the reaction time for 10min, and carrying out catalytic gasification reaction of a supercritical system.
6) Cooling the reaction kettle, and collecting high-quality combustible gas H2Or CH4And discharging the treated water sample reaching the standard.
Example 3
An application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment and a method thereof, which comprises the following steps:
1) grinding the natural laterite-nickel ore serving as the catalyst for 4 hours for later use, wherein the grinding granularity and the mesh number of the natural laterite-nickel ore are 300.
2) And (4) manually screwing the reactor, filling inert gas through the gas inlet, and putting the reactor into water for leakage test until the reactor is qualified.
3) And (3) after the gas leakage detection of the reaction kettle in the step (2) is qualified, adding an iron-magnesium laterite-nickel ore catalyst, wherein the mass fraction of the metal component Ni in the catalyst is 8%. The laterite-nickel ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8% of Ni, 50% of Fe, 20% of Mg, 0.05% of Co, 4% of Al and 0.3% of Mn.
4) Adding high-concentration wastewater into a reaction kettle, wherein the concentration of organic matters is 20%, COD =30000mg/L, the mass filling ratio of organic pollutants to catalyst in the high-concentration wastewater is 1:5, and sealing the reaction kettle. The high-concentration wastewater is fine chemical wastewater.
5) And (3) heating and pressurizing the reaction kettle until the temperature of the reaction system reaches 475 ℃ and the pressure of the reaction system reaches 24MPa, keeping the reaction time for 30min, and carrying out catalytic gasification reaction of a supercritical system.
6) Cooling the reaction kettle, and collecting high-quality combustible gas H2Or CH4And discharging the treated water sample reaching the standard.
Example 4
An application of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment and a method thereof, which comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding natural laterite-nickel ore serving as a catalyst for 5 hours for later use, wherein the grinding granularity and the mesh number are 400.
(2) And (4) manually screwing the reactor, filling inert gas through the gas inlet, and putting the reactor into water for leakage test until the reactor is qualified.
(3) And (3) after the gas leakage detection of the reaction kettle in the step (2) is qualified, adding an iron-magnesium laterite-nickel ore catalyst, wherein the mass fraction of the metal component Ni in the catalyst is 10%. The laterite-nickel ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of Ni, 40% of Fe, 15% of Mg, 0.07% of Co, 3% of Al and 0.2% of Mn.
(4) Adding high-concentration wastewater into a reaction kettle, wherein the concentration of organic matters is 30%, COD =50000mg/L, the mass filling ratio of organic pollutants to catalyst in the high-concentration wastewater is 1:10, and sealing the reaction kettle. The high-concentration wastewater is a mixture of agricultural wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, chemical wastewater and fine chemical wastewater.
(5) And (3) heating and pressurizing the reaction kettle until the temperature of the reaction system reaches 550 ℃ and the pressure reaches 24MPa, keeping the reaction time at 60min, and carrying out catalytic gasification reaction of a supercritical system.
(6) Cooling the reaction kettle, and collecting high-quality combustible gas H2Or CH4And discharging the treated water sample reaching the standard.
TABLE 1 Main indices of gas production obtained in the examples
TABLE 2 Main indices before and after treatment of high-concentration wastewater in examples
Claims (3)
1. An application method of laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment is characterized by comprising the steps of grinding and drying laterite-nickel ore, adding laterite-nickel ore as a catalyst into wastewater to be treated under a closed condition and under the protection of inert gas, heating and pressurizing to perform supercritical catalytic gasification reaction, discharging treated water sample reaching the standard, and collecting combustible gas H2Or CH4As a by-product;
the wastewater is high-concentration wastewater, and the high-concentration wastewater is any one or more of agricultural wastewater and chemical wastewater; the organic concentration of pollutants in the wastewater is 5-50%, and COD = 5000-50000 mg/L; the laterite-nickel ore comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-10% of Ni, 5-80% of Fe, 2-30% of Mg, 0.01-0.10% of Co, 1-8% of Al and 0.1-0.5% of Mn; the mass filling ratio of the organic pollutants to the catalyst in the wastewater is 1 (1-10); the temperature of the supercritical catalytic gasification reaction is 400-550 ℃, the pressure is 22-24 MPa, and the reaction time is 1-60 min.
2. The method for applying lateritic nickel ore as a catalyst in wastewater treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateritic nickel ore is a natural lateritic nickel ore, which is any one or more of ferruginous lateritic nickel ore, ferromagnesian lateritic nickel ore, and magnesian lateritic nickel ore.
3. The application method of the lateritic nickel ore as the catalyst in the wastewater treatment according to the claim 1, characterized in that the grinding particle size of the lateritic nickel ore is 100-400 meshes, and the drying time is 3-5 h.
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