CN110371186B - Integrated chassis four-wheel steering device, working method and multifunctional working vehicle - Google Patents
Integrated chassis four-wheel steering device, working method and multifunctional working vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN110371186B CN110371186B CN201910794233.6A CN201910794233A CN110371186B CN 110371186 B CN110371186 B CN 110371186B CN 201910794233 A CN201910794233 A CN 201910794233A CN 110371186 B CN110371186 B CN 110371186B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
- B62D5/08—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle characterised by type of steering valve used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
- B62D5/10—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle characterised by type of power unit
- B62D5/12—Piston and cylinder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
- B62D5/18—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle characterised by power transmitting means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated chassis four-wheel steering device, a working method and a multifunctional working vehicle, wherein the integrated chassis four-wheel steering device comprises a chassis body, a chassis body and a chassis body, wherein the chassis body comprises a chassis body, a chassis body and a chassis body, the chassis body comprises a chassis body, a: the device comprises a front steering power-assisted cylinder, a rear steering power-assisted cylinder, a first electromagnetic valve, a power-assisted valve, a reversing valve and a second electromagnetic valve, wherein two piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinder and the front steering power-assisted cylinder are respectively connected with a steering knuckle of a front wheel system, two piston rods of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder are respectively connected with a steering knuckle of a rear wheel system, and the piston rod of the front steering power-assisted cylinder is also connected with a steering device; the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder is characterized in that an oil port E of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder is connected with an oil port A of the reversing valve and an oil port J of the power-assisted valve through a first electromagnetic valve, an oil port F of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder is connected with an oil port B of the reversing valve and an oil port K of the power-assisted valve through a second electromagnetic valve, and an oil port P of the power-assisted valve is connected with a hydraulic oil source; and the C oil port and the D oil port of the reversing valve are respectively connected with the G oil port and the H oil port of the rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder. The invention can realize three steering modes, and the switching of the steering modes is realized by controlling the electromagnetic valve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multifunctional operation vehicles, in particular to an integrated chassis four-wheel steering device, a working method and a multifunctional operation vehicle.
Background
The front of the multifunctional working vehicle can be provided with various different types of working devices, such as a bucket, a fork and a rotary tillage device, according to the needs. The steering function of the multifunctional working vehicle determines the passing performance and the maneuverability of the working vehicle to a certain extent, and the chassis of the multifunctional working vehicle is divided into an integrated chassis and a separated chassis, wherein the steering performance of the separated chassis is better, but the gravity center of the separated chassis can deviate into the turning radius in the steering process, the loading performance of the separated chassis is influenced, and even the vehicle turns over.
Therefore, an integrated chassis is usually adopted for a working vehicle with strict load capacity, in order to solve the steering problem of the integrated chassis working vehicle, a four-wheel steering mode is usually adopted in the prior art to improve the steering performance of the multifunctional working vehicle, but the wheel steering device in the prior art has a single function and usually adopts a mechanical link linkage mode, for example, patent number 2015108527050 discloses a link four-wheel steering system, which has a certain influence on the passing performance of the chassis, and in actual use, only four wheels can be steered simultaneously, but in actual use, the four-wheel steering function is not required to be in an opening state all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an integrated chassis four-wheel steering device, a working method and a multifunctional working vehicle, and solves the technical problem that the four-wheel steering mode of the multifunctional working vehicle is too single in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an integral chassis four-wheel steering device which is characterized in that: the steering device comprises a front steering power-assisted cylinder, a rear steering power-assisted cylinder, a first electromagnetic valve, a power-assisted valve, a reversing valve and a second electromagnetic valve, wherein the inner diameters of piston cylinders of the front steering power-assisted cylinder and the rear steering power-assisted cylinder are the same, piston rods with the same diameters are arranged on two sides of each piston, two piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinder are respectively connected with a steering knuckle of a front wheel system, two piston rods of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder are respectively connected with a steering knuckle of a rear wheel system, and the piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinders are also connected with a steering device;
the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder is characterized in that an oil port E of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder is connected with an oil port A of the reversing valve and an oil port J of the power-assisted valve through a first electromagnetic valve, an oil port F of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder is connected with an oil port B of the reversing valve and an oil port K of the power-assisted valve through a second electromagnetic valve, and an oil port P of the power-assisted valve is connected with a hydraulic oil source;
and the C oil port and the D oil port of the reversing valve are respectively connected with the G oil port and the H oil port of the rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder.
Preferably, the four-wheel steering device of the integrated chassis is characterized in that: the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder, the reversing valve and the rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder are connected through a hard pipe.
Preferably, the four-wheel steering device of the integrated chassis is characterized in that: the rear steering power-assisted cylinder is characterized by further comprising a V-shaped centering fork, wherein a piston rod of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder is further provided with a V-shaped centering ring, and the V-shaped centering fork is further connected with a driving device for driving the V-shaped centering fork to be connected with or disconnected from the V-shaped centering ring.
Preferably, the four-wheel steering device of the integrated chassis is characterized in that: the driving device is a centering oil cylinder, a spring is arranged in a rodless cavity of the centering oil cylinder, and an oil rod cavity of the centering oil cylinder is connected with a hydraulic oil source.
Preferably, the four-wheel steering device of the integrated chassis is characterized in that: the device also comprises a position sensor for detecting the position of the V-shaped centering ring, and when the rear wheel turns, the V-shaped centering ring triggers the position sensor which is connected with a centering oil cylinder control device.
Preferably, the four-wheel steering device of the integrated chassis is characterized in that: the piston rods of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder and the rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder are connected with the steering knuckle of the front wheel system and the steering knuckle of the rear wheel system through intermediate connecting rods.
Preferably, the four-wheel steering device of the integrated chassis is characterized in that: the steering device comprises a steering rack connected with a piston rod of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder and steering teeth meshed with the steering rack, and the steering teeth are connected with a steering wheel.
The working method of the integrated chassis four-wheel steering device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
when only the front wheel system turns, the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve are in a closed state, the J oil port and the K oil port of the booster valve are respectively communicated with the E oil port and the F oil port of the front steering booster cylinder, and the rear wheel system is in a centering state;
when the front wheel system and the rear wheel system are both in a steering state and the steering directions of the front wheel system and the rear wheel system are the same, one of the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve connected with the oil return cavity of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder is in a conducting state, the other is in an oil return state, and an oil port A of the reversing valve is conducted with an oil port C and an oil port B of the reversing valve is conducted with an oil port D;
when the front wheel system and the rear wheel system are both in a steering state and the steering directions of the front wheel system and the rear wheel system are opposite, one of the first electromagnetic valve and the second electromagnetic valve, which is connected with the oil return cavity of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder, is in a conducting state, the other is in an oil return state, and an oil port A of the reversing valve is conducted with an oil port D and an oil port B of the reversing valve is conducted with an oil port C.
A multifunctional working vehicle, characterized in that: the four-wheel steering device of the integrated chassis is provided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can realize three steering modes of independent steering of front wheels, synchronous steering of front and rear wheels in one direction and synchronous steering of front and rear wheels in the opposite direction by means of the two steering power-assisted cylinders and the hydraulic circuit and matching with the electric control technology of the electromagnetic valves, and improves the overall control performance, the passing performance and the maneuverability of the vehicle.
The steering mode is switched by adopting the hydraulic circuit, compared with the mechanical connecting rod technology in the prior art, the hydraulic circuit can be connected to improve the height of the chassis, improve the passing performance, and the hydraulic circuit is more beneficial to the layout of the whole chassis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of the present invention-front wheel only;
FIG. 2 is a second overall schematic of the present invention (front and rear wheels are the same);
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic of the overall invention (front and rear wheels opposite);
meaning of reference numerals: 1-a front wheel system; 2-rear wheel system; 3-front steering power-assisted oil cylinder; 4-a rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder; 5-V type centering fork; 6-a first solenoid valve; 7-a booster valve; 8-reversing valve; 9-a second solenoid valve; 31-steering rack; 32-steering teeth; 41-V type centering ring; 42-a position sensor; 51-centering oil cylinder; 10-intermediate connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1: the embodiment discloses an integrated chassis four-wheel steering device: the steering device comprises a front steering power-assisted cylinder 3, a rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4, a first electromagnetic valve 6, a power-assisted valve 7, a reversing valve 8 and a second electromagnetic valve 9, wherein piston rods with the same diameter are arranged on two sides of a piston of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 and two sides of a piston of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4, the two piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 are respectively connected with a steering knuckle of a front wheel system 1, the two piston rods of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 are respectively connected with a steering knuckle of a rear wheel system 2, and the piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 are also connected with a steering device.
The E port of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 is connected with the A port of the reversing valve 8 and the J port of the power-assisted valve 7 through the first electromagnetic valve 6, the F port of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 is connected with the B port of the reversing valve 8 and the K port of the power-assisted valve 7 through the second electromagnetic valve 9, and the P port of the power-assisted valve 7 is connected with a hydraulic oil source;
and the C oil port and the D oil port of the reversing valve 8 are respectively connected with the G oil port and the H oil port of the rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder 4.
The front steering power-assisted cylinder 3, the reversing valve 8 and the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 are preferably connected through a hard pipe, namely, connected through a metal hydraulic pipe, so that the overall expansion proportion of a hydraulic circuit can be reduced, and the purpose of accurate steering is achieved.
The embodiment further comprises a V-shaped centering ring 5, the piston rod of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 is further provided with a V-shaped centering ring 41, and the V-shaped centering ring 5 is further connected with a driving device for driving the V-shaped centering ring 5 to be connected with or disconnected from the V-shaped centering ring 41. Specifically, in the driving device of the present embodiment, the centering cylinder 51 is preferred, the rodless cavity of the centering cylinder 51 is provided with a spring, the V-shaped centering fork 5 can clamp the V-shaped centering ring 41 under the pressure of the spring under the condition of no hydraulic pressure, and when the rear wheel steering is required, the oil rod cavity of the centering cylinder 51 is connected with a hydraulic oil source to compress the spring, so that the V-shaped centering fork 5 is disconnected from the V-shaped centering ring 41.
In order to ensure the accurate combination of the V-shaped centering ring 5 and the V-shaped centering ring 41, the embodiment further comprises a position sensor 42 for detecting the position of the V-shaped centering ring 41, when the rear wheel rotates, the V-shaped centering ring 41 triggers the position sensor 42, and the position sensor 42 is connected with a centering cylinder 51 control device to ensure that the V-shaped centering ring 41 can be clamped when the V-shaped centering ring 5 extends.
Specifically, the piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 and the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 are connected with the knuckle of the front wheel system 1 and the knuckle of the rear wheel system 2 through the intermediate connecting rod 10. The front steering booster cylinder 3 and the rear steering booster cylinder 4 can be fixed on the chassis by the aid of the middle connecting rod 10, so that when the steering knuckle is prevented from rotating, the booster cylinder needs to adjust the distance between the front wheel system and the rear wheel system 2, and the strength and the stability of the booster cylinder are improved.
Specifically, the steering device of the present embodiment includes a steering rack 31 connected to the piston rod of the front steering cylinder 3, and steering teeth 32 engaged with the steering rack 31, the steering teeth 32 being connected to the steering wheel.
The embodiment also specifically discloses a working method adopting the integrated chassis four-wheel steering device, and the working method is described in one-to-one mode with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1: when only the front wheel system 1 is required to steer, the first electromagnetic valve 6 and the second electromagnetic valve 9 are in a closed state, the J oil port and the K oil port of the booster valve 7 are respectively communicated with the E oil port and the F oil port of the front steering booster cylinder 3, the rear wheel system 2 is in a centering state, namely the V-shaped centering fork 5 is combined with the V-shaped centering ring 41, the rear wheel is ensured to be in a centering state, and the centering state of the rear wheel is more reliable because the centering state of the rear wheel is realized through mechanical clamping. The whole chassis corresponds to front wheel steering. The electric control end of the booster valve 7 is connected with a steering detection device (belonging to the prior art).
When the steering rack 31 is driven to reciprocate through the steering teeth 32, the power-assisted valve 7 adjusts the conduction states of the P oil port, the J oil port and the K oil port according to the steering of the steering wheel, so as to realize steering power assistance, for example, when the steering wheel turns left, the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder 3 moves leftwards, P is conducted to K, and F is conducted to the T oil port to return oil.
In some application places, the whole vehicle is required to move in one direction, when the front wheel system 1 and the rear wheel system 2 are in a steering state, and the steering directions of the front wheel system 1 and the rear wheel system 2 are the same, one (electromagnetic valve) of the first electromagnetic valve 6 and the second electromagnetic valve 9 connected with the oil return cavity of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 is in a conducting state, the other (electromagnetic valve) is in an oil return state, an oil port A of the reversing valve 8 is conducted to an oil port D, and an oil port B is conducted to an oil port C.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2: the front wheel system 1 and the rear wheel system 2 are in the same steering state, and the steering direction is the direction of an arrow in fig. 2, wherein an oil port A of the reversing valve 8 is communicated with an oil port C, and an oil port B is communicated with an oil port D; in this state, when the piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 and the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 move in opposite directions, the hydraulic oil source P sequentially enters the oil port F and the oil port G (through the BC flow passage of the reversing valve 8) through the oil port K, the oil at the E port sequentially enters the G oil port of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 through the first electromagnetic valve 6 and the reversing valve 8, the oil at the H oil port of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 enters the oil return port T of the second electromagnetic valve 9 through the reversing valve 8, and oil return is realized.
When the whole vehicle is required to turn in a short distance and a large extent, the front wheel and the rear wheel are required to rotate in two opposite directions at the same time, and the working principle is similar to that of the front wheel system 1 and the rear wheel system 2 in the same turning direction, and the difference is the conduction condition of the reversing valve 8.
As shown in fig. 3, when the front wheel system 1 and the rear wheel system 2 are both in a steering state, and the steering directions of the front wheel system 1 and the rear wheel system 2 are opposite. Taking the direction of the arrow in fig. 3 as an example, the movement directions of the front steering power-assisted cylinder 3 and the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 are all leftward, at this time, the oil port a of the reversing valve 8 is communicated with the oil port D, the oil port B is communicated with the oil port C, the oil port E is communicated with the oil port H through the reversing valve 8, and similarly, the oil of the oil port G of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder 4 enters the oil return port T of the second electromagnetic valve 9 through the reversing valve 8, so as to realize oil return.
In the four-wheel steering process, the steering performance of the whole vehicle is not affected even if the steering amplitudes of the front wheel system 1 and the rear wheel system 2 are slightly different due to the hydraulic circuit.
The invention can realize independent steering of the front wheels, synchronous steering of the front wheels and the rear wheels in one direction and synchronous steering of the front wheels and the rear wheels in the opposite direction by means of the two steering power-assisted cylinders and the hydraulic circuit and matching with the electric control technology of the electromagnetic valves, thereby improving the overall control performance, the passing performance and the maneuverability of the vehicle.
The steering mode is switched by adopting the hydraulic circuit, compared with the mechanical connecting rod technology in the prior art, the hydraulic circuit can be connected to improve the height of the chassis, improve the passing performance, and the hydraulic circuit is more beneficial to the layout of the whole chassis.
The embodiment also discloses a multifunctional operation vehicle, which is provided with the integrated chassis four-wheel steering device.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An integral chassis four-wheel steering device which is characterized in that: the steering device comprises a front steering power-assisted cylinder (3), a rear steering power-assisted cylinder (4), a first electromagnetic valve (6), a power-assisted valve (7), a reversing valve (8) and a second electromagnetic valve (9), wherein the inner diameters of piston cylinders of the front steering power-assisted cylinder (3) and the rear steering power-assisted cylinder (4) are the same, piston rods with the same diameters are arranged on two sides of each piston, two piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinder (3) are respectively connected with a steering knuckle of a front wheel system (1), two piston rods of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder (4) are respectively connected with a steering knuckle of a rear wheel system (2), and the piston rods of the front steering power-assisted cylinder (3) are also connected with a steering device;
the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder (3), the reversing valve (8) and the rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder (4) are connected through a hard pipe;
the piston rods of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder (3) and the rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder (4) are connected with the steering knuckle of the front wheel system (1) and the steering knuckle of the rear wheel system (2) through intermediate connecting rods (10);
the steering device comprises a steering rack (31) connected with a piston rod of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder (3) and steering teeth (32) meshed with the steering rack (31), wherein the steering teeth (32) are connected with a steering wheel;
the E oil port of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder (3) is connected with the A oil port of the reversing valve (8) and the J oil port of the power-assisted valve (7) through a first electromagnetic valve (6), the F oil port of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder (3) is connected with the B oil port of the reversing valve (8) and the K oil port of the power-assisted valve (7) through a second electromagnetic valve (9), and the P oil port of the power-assisted valve (7) is connected with a hydraulic oil source;
the C oil port and the D oil port of the reversing valve (8) are respectively connected with the G oil port and the H oil port of the rear steering power-assisted oil cylinder (4);
the steering device further comprises a V-shaped centering fork (5), wherein a piston rod of the rear steering power-assisted cylinder (4) is further provided with a V-shaped centering ring (41), and the V-shaped centering fork (5) is further connected with a driving device for driving the V-shaped centering fork (5) to be connected with or disconnected from the V-shaped centering ring (41);
the driving device is a centering oil cylinder (51), a spring is arranged in a rodless cavity of the centering oil cylinder (51), and an oil rod cavity of the centering oil cylinder (51) is connected with a hydraulic oil source;
the device also comprises a position sensor (42) for detecting the position of the V-shaped centering ring (41), wherein the V-shaped centering ring (41) triggers the position sensor (42) when the rear wheel rotates, and the position sensor (42) is connected with a centering oil cylinder (51) control device.
2. The working method of the integrated chassis four-wheel steering device based on the claim 1 is characterized in that:
when only the front wheel system (1) turns, the first electromagnetic valve (6) and the second electromagnetic valve (9) are in a closed state, the J oil port and the K oil port of the booster valve (7) are respectively communicated with the E oil port and the F oil port of the front steering booster cylinder (3), and the rear wheel system (2) is in a centering state;
when the front wheel system (1) and the rear wheel system (2) are in a steering state and the steering directions of the front wheel system (1) and the rear wheel system (2) are the same, one of the first electromagnetic valve (6) and the second electromagnetic valve (9) connected with the oil return cavity of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder (3) is in a conducting state, the other is in an oil return state, an oil port A of the reversing valve (8) is conducted with an oil port C and an oil port B is conducted with an oil port D;
when the front wheel system (1) and the rear wheel system (2) are in a steering state and the steering directions of the front wheel system (1) and the rear wheel system (2) are opposite, one of the first electromagnetic valve (6) and the second electromagnetic valve (9) connected with the oil return cavity of the front steering power-assisted oil cylinder (3) is in a conducting state, the other is in an oil return state, an oil port A of the reversing valve (8) is conducted to an oil port D and an oil port B is conducted to an oil port C.
3. A multifunctional working vehicle, characterized in that: an integrated chassis four-wheel steering assembly as defined in claim 1.
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CN201910794233.6A CN110371186B (en) | 2019-08-27 | 2019-08-27 | Integrated chassis four-wheel steering device, working method and multifunctional working vehicle |
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CN110371186B true CN110371186B (en) | 2024-03-08 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
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CN114771635A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏金钟机械制造有限公司 | Structure-adjustable steering column |
CN114954643A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-08-30 | 中通新能源汽车有限公司 | Steering device of small four-wheel steering road sweeper |
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