CN110365075B - Battery charging device and method - Google Patents
Battery charging device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110365075B CN110365075B CN201910606276.7A CN201910606276A CN110365075B CN 110365075 B CN110365075 B CN 110365075B CN 201910606276 A CN201910606276 A CN 201910606276A CN 110365075 B CN110365075 B CN 110365075B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
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Abstract
The application discloses a battery charging device and a battery charging method, which are used for charging a rechargeable battery by converting the current of a constant current power supply into unidirectional pulse current, and solve the technical problems that the rechargeable battery is low in charging reliability and cannot be fully charged by adopting the constant current power supply, and the service life of the battery is shortened. The one-way pulse current is adopted to charge the rechargeable battery, and the duty ratio of the one-way pulse current is changed according to the change of the voltage value of the rechargeable battery, so that the cycle number and the service life of the rechargeable battery are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of charging of rechargeable batteries, in particular to a battery charging device and method.
Background
At present, rechargeable batteries play an increasingly important role in the production and life of people, and the service life of the rechargeable batteries can be ensured by a correct and good charging method. How to better charge the rechargeable battery and further reduce the damage to the battery so as to prolong and guarantee the service life of the battery becomes a technical problem which is always considered and solved by people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a charging method and a charging device for a rechargeable battery, which aim to overcome the defect of charging the rechargeable battery in the prior art.
According to a first aspect, a charging device for charging a battery includes:
a power supply for supplying a constant current;
the power supply module is connected with a power supply and used for converting the constant current into unidirectional pulse current to be output so as to charge the rechargeable battery;
the voltage monitoring circuit is connected with the rechargeable battery and is used for monitoring the voltage value of the rechargeable battery;
and the control module is respectively connected with the power supply module and the voltage monitoring circuit and is used for controlling the duty ratio of the unidirectional pulse current output by the power supply module according to the voltage value monitored by the voltage monitoring circuit.
Further, the power supply module comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube and a load;
the positive pole or the negative pole of the power supply is connected with the positive pole or the negative pole of the rechargeable battery through a first switching tube;
the second switching tube and the load are connected in series between the anode and the cathode of the constant current source;
the control module comprises a controller, the controller is connected with the first switch tube and the second switch tube and is used for respectively controlling the switching states of the first switch tube and the second switch tube so as to control the duty ratio of the unidirectional pulse current output by the power supply module;
when the controller controls the first switching tube to be conducted, the power supply module outputs constant current to charge the rechargeable battery;
when the controller controls the first switch tube to be closed, the power supply module stops charging the rechargeable battery.
Further, the voltage monitoring circuit is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery and used for monitoring the voltage value of the rechargeable battery; the voltage monitoring circuit is also connected with the controller and used for sending the monitored voltage value of the rechargeable battery to the controller.
Further, the first switch tube is a field effect tube Q1; and/or the second switching tube is a field effect tube Q2;
the source electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the constant current source, the drain electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery, and the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the controller;
the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the controller;
and the source electrode of the field-effect tube Q2 is connected with one end of the load, and the other end of the load and the drain electrode of the field-effect tube Q2 are respectively connected between the anode and the cathode of the constant current source.
Further, the load comprises a resistor, a capacitor and/or an LED lamp.
Further, when the controller controls the first switching tube to be switched on, the controller controls the second switching tube to be switched off at the same time, and the controller is used for charging the rechargeable battery with the current output by the constant current source;
when the controller controls the first switch tube to be closed, the controller controls the second switch tube to be opened at the same time, and the controller is used for stopping charging the rechargeable battery and supplying power to the load by the current output by the constant current source.
Further, when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is smaller than a first voltage value, the controller controls the power supply module to output unidirectional pulse current with a first duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery;
when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is between a first voltage value and a second voltage value, the controller controls the power supply module to output constant current to charge the rechargeable battery;
and when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is greater than a second voltage value, the controller controls the power supply module to output the unidirectional pulse current with the second duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery.
Further, the second duty cycle is inversely proportional to a voltage value of the rechargeable battery.
According to a second aspect, a method of charging a rechargeable battery, comprising:
charging the rechargeable battery by adopting a constant current power supply;
monitoring the voltage value of the rechargeable battery;
when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is smaller than a first voltage value, converting the current of the constant current source into a unidirectional pulse current with a first duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery;
when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is between a first voltage value and a second voltage value, the rechargeable battery is charged by the current of the constant current source;
and when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is greater than a second voltage value, converting the current of the constant current source into a unidirectional pulse current with a second duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery.
Further, the second duty ratio is inversely proportional to a voltage value of the rechargeable battery.
According to the charging method and the charging device for the rechargeable battery, the current of the constant current power supply is converted into the unidirectional pulse current to charge the rechargeable battery, and the technical problems that the rechargeable battery is low in charging reliability and cannot be fully charged and the service life of the battery is shortened due to the adoption of the constant current power supply are solved. The one-way pulse current is adopted to charge the rechargeable battery, and the duty ratio of the one-way pulse current is changed according to the change of the voltage value of the rechargeable battery, so that the cycle number and the service life of the rechargeable battery are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging curve of a rechargeable battery;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an emergency LED lamp;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging device for charging a battery according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging device for charging a battery according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a charging device for charging a battery;
FIG. 6 is a timing diagram of charging current for a rechargeable battery according to one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered with like associated elements. In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted or replaced with other elements, materials, methods in different instances. In some instances, certain operations related to the present application have not been shown or described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the core of the present application from excessive description, and it is not necessary for those skilled in the art to describe these operations in detail, so that they may be fully understood from the description in the specification and the general knowledge in the art.
Furthermore, the described features, operations, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the method descriptions may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" as used herein includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings), unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1, a charging curve diagram of a rechargeable battery is shown, and the battery charging is generally divided into three stages, namely, trickle, constant current and constant voltage. Only according to the charging process can the cycle number and the service life of the battery be best guaranteed. The charging current is generally 1C or 0.5C (1C means that the charging current is the same as the battery capacity, and 0.5C means that the charging current is half of the battery capacity). In a charging device for charging a battery, the voltage at the VCC pin rises above the UVLO threshold level and a set resistor with 1% accuracy is connected between the PROG pin and ground or when a battery is connected to the charger output. The specific flow of a charging cycle of the charging device comprises the following steps:
if the BAT pin level is below 2.9V, the charging device enters a trickle mode, and the charging device provides a charging current of about 0.1C to the rechargeable battery to first boost the battery voltage to a safe level in preparation for full current charging.
When the voltage of the BAT pin rises to be higher than 2.9V, the charging device enters a constant current mode, and the charging device provides constant charging current for the battery at the moment.
When the voltage of the BAT pin reaches the final float voltage of 4.2V, the charging device enters a constant voltage charging mode, and the charging current begins to decrease.
When the charging current drops to 1/10 of the initially set charging current value, the charging cycle ends. Because the constant current power supply cannot change the magnitude of the charging current, the requirement of the battery charging curve shown in fig. 1 cannot be met, so the constant current power supply generally cannot be used as a priority power supply for charging the battery, and if the constant current power supply is adopted, the capacity of the battery after charging is insufficient. In addition, in the charging process, the voltage of the rechargeable battery is continuously increased along with the extension of the charging time, so that the charging current of the rechargeable battery is inevitably uncontrollable.
Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of an emergency LED lamp, in which a constant current source is used to charge a rechargeable battery. When an external power supply is input (namely, when the commercial power is on), the LED drives the G1 constant-current power supply to normally work, and a group of LED lamps (from n1 lamp to nN lamp) are lightened to charge the rechargeable battery V1. And when the mains supply is powered off, the EN control chip G2 controls the LED lamp n to be lightened.
The embodiment of the invention provides a charging method and a charging device for a rechargeable battery, which are used for charging the rechargeable battery by converting the current of a constant-current power supply into unidirectional pulse current, thereby solving the technical problems of low charging reliability, incapability of fully charging and reduction of the service life of the rechargeable battery by adopting the constant-current power supply. The charging battery is charged by adopting the unidirectional pulse current, and the duty ratio of the unidirectional pulse current is changed according to the change of the voltage value of the charging battery, so that the cycle number and the service life of the charging battery are ensured.
Example one
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a charging apparatus for a rechargeable battery in an embodiment includes a power supply 10, a power supply module 20, a control module 30, a voltage monitoring circuit 40, and a rechargeable battery 50. The power supply 10 is used to supply a constant current. The power supply module 20 is connected to the power supply 10, and is configured to convert the constant current into a unidirectional pulse current output to charge the rechargeable battery 50. The voltage monitoring circuit 40 is connected to the rechargeable battery 50 and is configured to monitor a voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50. The control module 30 is respectively connected to the power supply module 20 and the voltage monitoring circuit 40, and is configured to control a duty ratio of the unidirectional pulse current output by the power supply module 20 according to the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50 monitored by the voltage monitoring circuit 40.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of a charging apparatus for a rechargeable battery in an embodiment includes a constant current source 11, a first switch tube 21, a second switch tube 22, a load 23, a controller 31, a voltage monitoring circuit 40, and a rechargeable battery 50. In one embodiment, the power supply module 20 includes a first switch tube 21, a second switch tube 22 and a load 23. In one embodiment, the power source 10 is a constant current source 11, and the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the constant current source 11 is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery 50 through the first switch tube 21. The second switching tube 22 and the load 23 are connected in series between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the constant current source 11. The control module 30 includes a controller 31, and the controller 31 is connected to the first switch tube 21 and the second switch tube 22, and is configured to control the switching states of the first switch tube 21 and the second switch tube 22, respectively, so as to control the duty ratio of the unidirectional pulse current output by the power supply module 20. In an embodiment, when the controller 31 controls the first switch tube 32 to be turned on, the power supply module 20 outputs a constant current to charge the rechargeable battery 50. When the controller 31 controls the first switch tube 21 to be turned off, the power supply module 20 stops charging the rechargeable battery 50. And a voltage monitoring circuit 40, wherein the voltage monitoring circuit 40 is connected between the positive pole and the negative pole of the rechargeable battery 50 and is used for monitoring the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50. The voltage monitoring circuit 40 is also connected to the controller 31, and is configured to send the monitored voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50 to the controller 31.
In one embodiment, when the controller 31 controls the first switch tube 21 to be turned on, and at the same time controls the second switch tube 22 to be turned off, the controller is used for charging the rechargeable battery 50 with the current output by the constant current source 11. When the controller 31 controls the first switch tube 21 to be closed, and at the same time controls the second switch tube 22 to be opened, the charging of the rechargeable battery 50 is stopped, and the current output by the constant current source 11 is supplied to the load 23. When the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50 is smaller than the first voltage value, the controller 31 controls the power supply module 20 to output the unidirectional pulse current with the first duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery 50. When the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50 is between the first voltage value and the second voltage value, the controller 31 controls the power supply module 20 to output a constant current to charge the rechargeable battery 50. When the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50 is greater than the second voltage value, the controller 31 controls the power supply module 20 to output the unidirectional pulse current with the second duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery 50. In one embodiment, the second duty ratio is a variable value, and becomes smaller as the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50 becomes larger, i.e. the second duty ratio is inversely proportional to the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 50.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic circuit diagram of a charging apparatus for a rechargeable battery in an embodiment includes a field effect transistor Q1, a field effect transistor Q2, a resistor R1, a microprocessor MCU, a constant current source U1, a voltmeter V, and a rechargeable battery V1. In one embodiment, the first switch is a fet Q, the second switch is a fet Q2, the controller 31 is a microprocessor MCU, and the load 23 is a resistor R1. The source electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the constant current source U1, the drain electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery V1, and the gate electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the controller 31 (i.e., the microprocessor MCU). The gate of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected to the controller 31. The source of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the load 23 (i.e., the resistor R1), and the other end of the load 23 (i.e., the resistor R1) and the drain of the field effect transistor Q2 are connected between the anode and the cathode of the constant current source U1, respectively. In one embodiment, the load 23 may also include resistors, capacitors, and/or LED lights.
In the charging circuit shown in FIG. 5, where I 0 Current output for a constant current source, I 1 Charging current for charging the battery, I 2 For the current on the load resistor R1, according to kirchhoff's current law I 0 =I 1 +I 2 . The basic characteristic of the constant current source is that the output current is constant and the output voltage can be changed. The microprocessor MCU monitors the voltage of the rechargeable battery through the voltmeter to determine the conduction state of the field effect transistor Q1 and the field effect transistor Q2, and controls the current I 1 And current I 2 To ensure I 0 The basic characteristics of the constant current source U1 can be maintained.
In one embodiment, the microprocessor MCU adjusts the conduction time of the FET Q1 to adjust the charging current I 1 Thereby setting trickle, constant current and constant voltage processes to satisfy the basic characteristics of battery charging, and further satisfying the characteristics of prolonging the cycle life and reliability of the battery.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a charging method of the rechargeable battery, which adopts a constant current power supply to charge the rechargeable battery and monitors the voltage value of the rechargeable battery. Referring to fig. 6, a timing diagram of a charging current of a rechargeable battery according to an embodiment is shownIn which I 0 Current output for a constant current source, I 1 Charging current for charging the battery, I 2 Is the current on the load, V BAT Is the voltage value of the charging battery to be monitored.
When the voltage value V of the rechargeable battery BAT When the voltage is less than the first voltage value, the charging enters a trickle mode, and the charging device charges the current I of the constant current source 0 Unidirectional pulse current I converted into first duty ratio 1 Charging the rechargeable battery.
When the voltage value V of the rechargeable battery BAT When the voltage is between the first voltage value and the second voltage value, the charging enters a constant current mode, and the charging device uses the current I of the constant current source 0 And charging the rechargeable battery.
When the voltage value V of the rechargeable battery BAT When the voltage value is larger than the second voltage value, the charging enters a constant voltage charging mode, and the current of the constant current source is converted into the unidirectional pulse current I with the second duty ratio 1 Charging the rechargeable battery, and setting the second duty ratio as a variable value according to the voltage value V of the rechargeable battery BAT Becomes larger and smaller, i.e. the second duty cycle and the voltage value V of the rechargeable battery BAT In inverse proportion.
In one embodiment, the first voltage is set to 2.9 volts and the second voltage is set to 4.1 volts. In the trickle mode, a unidirectional pulse current I is set 1 Is between 0-10%, preferably 10%. When the voltage of the rechargeable battery reaches 4.1V, the charging device starts to control the field effect transistor Q1 to be conducted, and the unidirectional pulse current I of the field effect transistor Q1 is conducted 1 With the voltage value V of the rechargeable battery BAT The closer to 4.2V and the smaller, the duty ratio and the voltage value V BAT In an inversely proportional linear relationship. Voltage V of the rechargeable battery BAT And when the voltage reaches 4.2V, the charging is stopped. Voltage value V when battery self-discharge BAT loop When the voltage reaches 4.05V, the charging device restarts the charging function.
In the embodiment of the invention, the current of the constant current power supply is converted into the unidirectional pulse current to charge the rechargeable battery, so that the technical problems that the rechargeable battery is low in charging reliability and cannot be fully charged by adopting the constant current power supply and the service life of the battery is shortened are solved. The one-way pulse current is adopted to charge the rechargeable battery, and the duty ratio of the one-way pulse current is changed according to the change of the voltage value of the rechargeable battery, so that the cycle number and the service life of the rechargeable battery are ensured.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. Numerous simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may also be made by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings.
Claims (9)
1. A charging device for charging a battery, comprising:
a power supply for supplying a constant current;
the power supply module is connected with a power supply and used for converting the constant current into unidirectional pulse current to be output so as to charge the rechargeable battery;
the voltage monitoring circuit is connected with the rechargeable battery and is used for monitoring the voltage value of the rechargeable battery;
the control module is respectively connected with the power supply module and the voltage monitoring circuit and is used for controlling the duty ratio of the unidirectional pulse current output by the power supply module according to the voltage value monitored by the voltage monitoring circuit;
the power supply module comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube and a load;
the positive pole or the negative pole of the power supply is connected with the positive pole or the negative pole of the rechargeable battery through a first switching tube;
the second switch tube and the load are connected in series between the anode and the cathode of a constant current source;
the control module comprises a controller, the controller is connected with the first switch tube and the second switch tube and is used for respectively controlling the switching states of the first switch tube and the second switch tube so as to control the duty ratio of the unidirectional pulse current output by the power supply module;
when the controller controls the first switching tube to be conducted, the power supply module outputs constant current to charge the rechargeable battery;
when the controller controls the first switch tube to be closed, the power supply module stops charging the rechargeable battery.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the voltage monitoring circuit is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery for monitoring the voltage value of the rechargeable battery; the voltage monitoring circuit is also connected with the controller and used for sending the monitored voltage value of the rechargeable battery to the controller.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first switching transistor is a field effect transistor Q1; and/or the second switching tube is a field effect tube Q2;
the source electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the constant current source, the drain electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery, and the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected with the controller;
the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected with the controller;
and the source electrode of the field-effect tube Q2 is connected with one end of the load, and the other end of the load and the drain electrode of the field-effect tube Q2 are respectively connected between the anode and the cathode of the constant current source.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the load comprises a resistor, a capacitor, and/or an LED light.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein when the controller controls the first switch tube to be turned on, the controller simultaneously controls the second switch tube to be turned off, so as to charge the rechargeable battery with the current output by the constant current source;
when the controller controls the first switch tube to be closed, the controller controls the second switch tube to be opened at the same time, and the controller is used for stopping charging the rechargeable battery and supplying power to the load by the current output by the constant current source.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is smaller than a first voltage value, the controller controls the power supply module to output a unidirectional pulse current with a first duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery;
when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is between a first voltage value and a second voltage value, the controller controls the power supply module to output constant current to charge the rechargeable battery;
and when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is greater than a second voltage value, the controller controls the power supply module to output the unidirectional pulse current with the second duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second duty cycle is inversely proportional to a voltage value of the rechargeable battery.
8. A method of charging a rechargeable battery, comprising:
charging the rechargeable battery by adopting a constant current power supply;
monitoring the voltage value of the rechargeable battery;
when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is smaller than a first voltage value, converting the current of the constant current source into a unidirectional pulse current with a first duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery;
when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is between a first voltage value and a second voltage value, charging the rechargeable battery by using the current of the constant current source;
and when the voltage value of the rechargeable battery is greater than a second voltage value, converting the current of the constant current source into the unidirectional pulse current with the second duty ratio to charge the rechargeable battery.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second duty cycle is inversely proportional to a voltage value of the rechargeable battery.
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| CN201910606276.7A CN110365075B (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | Battery charging device and method |
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| CN201910606276.7A CN110365075B (en) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | Battery charging device and method |
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| WO2023094788A1 (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | Cirrus Logic International Semiconductor Limited | Charging cells in a battery pack |
| CN116960491B (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-12-12 | 北京力源兴达科技有限公司 | Intelligent charging method and system and intelligent charging side |
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