CN110364744A - A kind of preparation method of the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nanoparticle with high miller index surface - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nanoparticle with high miller index surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN110364744A CN110364744A CN201910664932.9A CN201910664932A CN110364744A CN 110364744 A CN110364744 A CN 110364744A CN 201910664932 A CN201910664932 A CN 201910664932A CN 110364744 A CN110364744 A CN 110364744A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/928—Unsupported catalytic particles; loose particulate catalytic materials, e.g. in fluidised state
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The preparation method of the invention discloses a kind of extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nanoparticle with high miller index surface.The present invention is using chloroplatinic acid, nickel chloride and copper chloride as raw material, ethylene glycol and glycine are reducing agent, NaI is structure directing agent, PVP is stabilizer and dispersing agent, using specific NaI additional amount, a kind of extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle with high miller index surface has been synthesized using one pot of wet chemical method.The alloy nano particle partial size only 12 nm or so, and high miller index surfaces such as { 221 }, { 331 } and { 332 } can be observed on surface.The extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle step atom with high miller index surface obtained is more, and active site density is high, shows outstanding methanol and formic acid electro-chemical activity.Preparation method simple cleaning, repeatability is strong, is with a wide range of applications.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to function nano field of material technology.Specifically, the present invention is using a step wet chemical methods
Prepare a kind of extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle with high miller index surface.
Background technique
Fossil energy is faced with exhausted danger as a kind of non-renewable energy resources, and energy resource supply deficiency will be restricted seriously
Human social development.On the other hand, a large amount of burnings of fossil energy cause serious pollution to environment.Proton exchange membrane combustion
Expect that battery is a kind of efficient generating apparatus that the chemical energy being stored in small molecule fuel is converted directly into electric energy.Due to its energy
The advantages that metric density is high, and environmental pollution is small and low-temperature operation, provides new approach for solution energy crisis and environmental problem.?
To in the pursuit of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells high performance catalyst, Pt based nano-material is considered as that most effective anodic oxidation is anti-
Answer elctro-catalyst.However, the high cost of Pt, low reserves and low stability hinder the extensive development of this technology.Therefore, main
Wanting target is to improve Pt atom utilization efficiency and electro catalytic activity.
The effective method of one of which is that control is synthesized with specific by Pt and 3d- transition metal alloy, while accurately
The Pt nanostructure of size and pattern.On the one hand, Pt is to reduce Pt consumption and improve Pt to urge with other non-noble metal alloyings
A kind of method of agent electrocatalysis characteristic, this is because the d of lattice strain and Pt band center reduce.Importantly, catalysis is lived
Property site is usually located on the surface of catalyst.Therefore, equipped with the nanocrystal of high activity surface, such as specific surface area and height
Index face, by the significant utilization rate and catalytic activity for improving Pt.
Based on above-mentioned viewpoint, the extra small Pt based alloy nanoparticle with high miller index surface by be elctro-catalyst ideal mould
Type.On the one hand, extra small Pt base nanoparticle exposes bigger accessible surface product, and it is close that this can provide higher active sites
Degree.On the other hand, the position of the high density atomic steps on high-index surface, edge and kink has higher surface energy, thus
Lead to higher electro catalytic activity.There are the report, such as Luo et al. of many Pt based nano-materials with high miller index surface at present
It is synthesized in oleyl amine, the PtCu nano particle with high miller index surface has then been synthesized by the method for inside etching.These are closed
It is obtained mostly in oily phase or by secondarily etched method at high miller index surface, at high cost, preparation process is complicated.Therefore, if
There is meter one pot process the extra small Pt base nano particle of high miller index surface to have great importance.The present invention develops one kind one
Walking wet chemistry method preparation has the method for extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle of high miller index surface, easy to operate, repeatability
By force, and the utilization rate and catalytic activity of Pt are substantially increased.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention solves at high cost existing for current Pt catalyst, Pt utilization rate it is low and
The more low technical problem of activity, prepares a kind of extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle with high miller index surface, improves Pt and receives
The performance of rice structure catalyst.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A kind of experimental procedure of the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle preparation method with high miller index surface is as follows:
300 mg glycine are weighed, 2.0 mL are added in beaker in 200 mg PVP, 150 mg NaI under stirring condition
H2PtCl6 (19.3 mM), 1.0 mL NiCl2 (20.0 mM), 1.0 mL CuCl2(20.0 mM) and 0.7 mL second two
Alcohol forms uniform solution, is then transferred in reaction kettle, 200 DEG C of 4 h of holding, washes after reaction by water and ethyl alcohol centrifugation
It the processing steps such as washs, be freeze-dried, obtaining the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle with high miller index surface.
Preferably, the amount ranges of NaI are 100-200 mg, more preferably 150 mg.
Preferably, use ethylene glycol as reducing agent.
Preferably, the amount ranges of PVP are 200 mg.
Preferably, the reaction time is 3-4 h, more preferably 4 h.
Further, it should be noted that the addition of ethylene glycol and PVP are that the synthesis present invention has the extra small of high miller index surface
The essential factor of Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle facilitates this is because it provides hydroxyl and carboxyl abundant
Stablize the active site of low coordination, so that high miller index surface can be kept during the growth process.
The present invention is using chloroplatinic acid, nickel chloride and copper chloride as raw material, and ethylene glycol and glycine are reducing agent, and NaI is structure
Directed agents, PVP have synthesized a kind of tool using one pot of wet chemical method using specific NaI additional amount for stabilizer and dispersing agent
There is the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle of high miller index surface.The alloy nano particle partial size only 12 nm or so, and can be with
High miller index surfaces such as { 221 }, { 331 } and { 332 } are observed on surface.The extra small Pt-Ni-Cu with high miller index surface obtained
Alloy nano particle step atom is more, and active site density is high, shows outstanding methanol and formic acid electro-chemical activity.Preparation method letter
Just it cleans, repeatability is strong, is with a wide range of applications.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the XRD diagram for the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle with high miller index surface that embodiment 1 is prepared
Spectrum.
Fig. 2 is the TEM figure for the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle with high miller index surface that embodiment 1 is prepared
Spectrum.
Fig. 3 is the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle and business with high miller index surface that embodiment 1 is prepared
Cyclic voltammetry curve comparison diagram of the Pt/C as methanol electro-oxidizing-catalyzing agent.
Fig. 4 is the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle and business with high miller index surface that embodiment 1 is prepared
Cyclic voltammetry curve comparison diagram of the Pt/C as formic acid electro-oxidizing-catalyzing agent.
Fig. 5 is the TEM map for the Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle that comparative example 1 is prepared.
Fig. 6 is the TEM map for the Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle that comparative example 2 is prepared.
Fig. 7 is the TEM map for the Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle that comparative example 3 is prepared.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of the implementation and possessed beneficial effect of specific embodiment the present invention will be described in detail technical solution, but not
It can regard as any restriction to enforceable range of the invention.
Embodiment 1
300 mg glycine are weighed, 2.0 mL are added in beaker in 200 mg PVP, 150 mg NaI under stirring condition
H2PtCl6 (19.3 mM), 1.0 mL NiCl2 (20.0 mM), 1.0 mL CuCl2(20.0 mM) and 0.7 mL second two
Alcohol forms uniform solution, is then transferred in reaction kettle, 200 DEG C of 4 h of holding, washes after reaction by water and ethyl alcohol centrifugation
The processing steps such as wash, be freeze-dried, the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle for obtaining having high miller index surface is (such as Fig. 2 institute
Show).
The test of methanol (formic acid) electroxidation: anodic oxidation performance test is using conventional three-electrode system, in CHI650D
It is carried out on type electrochemical workstation.It is a platinum filament to electrode with saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for reference electrode, and the electricity that works
Extremely diameter be 3 mm glass-carbon electrode (GC).A certain amount of catalyst suspension (holding metal quality is 6 μ g) is taken to drip to GC electricity
It is dry under infrared lamp on the surface of pole, then there is one end of sample against UV ozone lamp (launch wavelength working electrode drop
For 185 nm and 254 nm, power is 10 W) it is separated by 5 mm irradiation, 12 h to remove the organic molecule of sample surfaces (such as
PVP).Then the 0.5 wt% Nafion solution (ethyl alcohol dilution) of upper 2 μ L is dripped on the surface of working electrode.Catalyst electrochemistry
Active area is tested with 0.5 M H2SO4Solution first leads to the high-purity N of 30min as electrolyte before experiment2To electrolyte deoxygenation, connect
With 50 mV/s rates carry out cyclic voltammetric (CV) scanning, the scanning range of setting is 0.24~1.0 V.It is protected in experimentation
Holding superjacent is N2Atmosphere.The test of methanol (formic acid) electroxidation is in 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 M CH3OH(0.5 M H2SO4
+ 0.25 M HCOOH) it carries out in electrolyte, before CV test, lead to high-purity N2It is molten in electrolyte for removing to purge 30 min
Oxygen is solved, the scanning range set determines that scanning speed is 50 mV/s as 0.24~1.0 V.Current density is on working electrode
Unit catalyst electrochemical activation area (cm2) on electric current indicate.Each working electrode is scanned with the rate loop of 50 mV/s
The stable CV curve that 50 circle of processing obtains.Extra small Pt-Ni-Cu nanometers with high miller index surface prepared for embodiment 1
Particle, it just sweep the current density that peak is normalized on electrochemical surface area ECSA represent catalyst latent active it is big
It is small, from figs. 3 and 4 it can be seen that the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle with high miller index surface is in methanol electro-oxidizing
Highest current density be 3.0 mA cm-2, the highest current density in the experiment of formic acid electroxidation is 1.32 mA cm-2, far
Methanol highest current density higher than commercial Pt/C is 0.55 mA cm-2, formic acid highest current density is 0.29 mA cm-2。
Comparative example 1
300 mg glycine are weighed, 2.0 mL are added in beaker in 200 mg PVP, 450 mg NaI under stirring condition
H2PtCl6 (19.3 mM), 1.0 mL NiCl2 (20.0 mM), 1.0 mL CuCl2(20.0 mM) and 0.7 mL second two
Alcohol forms uniform solution, is then transferred in reaction kettle, 200 DEG C of 4 h of holding, washes after reaction by water and ethyl alcohol centrifugation
It the processing steps such as washs, be freeze-dried, obtaining Pt-Ni-Cu nanoparticle (as shown in Figure 5), and using survey same as Example 1
Strip part, obtaining its highest current density in methanol electro-oxidizing is 2.06 mA cm-2, in the experiment of formic acid electroxidation most
High current density is 0.73 mA cm-2。
Comparative example 2
300 mg glycine are weighed, 2.0 mL are added in beaker in 200 mg PVP, 150 mg NaI under stirring condition
H2PtCl6 (19.3 mM), 1.0 mL NiCl2 (20.0 mM), 1.0 mL CuCl2(20.0 mM) and 0.7 mL second two
Alcohol forms uniform solution, is then transferred in microwave reaction kettle, 200 DEG C of 30 min of holding, passes through water and ethyl alcohol after reaction
The processing steps such as centrifuge washing, freeze-drying obtain Pt-Ni-Cu nanoparticle (as shown in Figure 6), and use and 1 phase of embodiment
Same test condition, obtaining its highest current density in methanol electro-oxidizing is 1.95 mA cm-2, tested in formic acid electroxidation
In highest current density be 0.84 mA cm-2。
Comparative example 3
300 mg glycine are weighed, 2.0 mL are added in beaker in 200 mg PVP, 150 mg NaI under stirring condition
H2PtCl6 (19.3 mM), 1.0 mL NiCl2 (20.0 mM), 1.0 mL CuCl2(20.0 mM) and 0.7 mL the third three
Alcohol forms uniform solution, is then transferred in reaction kettle, 200 DEG C of 4 h of holding, washes after reaction by water and ethyl alcohol centrifugation
It the processing steps such as washs, be freeze-dried, obtaining Pt-Ni-Cu nanoparticle, and use test condition same as Example 1, obtain
Its highest current density in methanol electro-oxidizing is 1.67 mA cm-2, formic acid electroxidation experiment in highest current density
For 0.59 mA cm-2。
Moreover, it relates to arrive multiple groups comparative example, it will not enumerate in view of length, be respectively relative to embodiment 1
Change one or more parametric variables, cannot get this hair in the case where changing one or more variable as the result is shown
The bright extra small Pt-Ni-C alloy nano particle with high miller index surface shows that each technology of the technical solution of the application is special
There is synergistic effect, and catalytic activity is far below the catalytic activity of the embodiment of the present invention 1, shows the technology of the application between sign
No matter scheme has reached unexpected technical effect for alloy pattern or catalytic activity.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of preparation method of the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nanoparticle with high miller index surface, specific steps are as follows:
300 mg glycine are weighed, 2.0 mL are added in beaker in 200 mg PVP, 150 mg NaI under stirring condition
H2PtCl6 (19.3 mM), 1.0 mL NiCl2 (20.0 mM), 1.0 mL CuCl2(20.0 mM) and 0.7 mL second two
Alcohol forms uniform solution, is then transferred in reaction kettle, 200 DEG C of 4 h of holding, washes after reaction by water and ethyl alcohol centrifugation
It the processing steps such as washs, be freeze-dried, obtaining the extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle with high miller index surface.
2. a kind of extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle preparation method with high miller index surface described in claim 1,
Be characterized in that: the amount ranges of NaI are 100-200 mg, preferably 150 mg.
3. a kind of extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle preparation method with high miller index surface claimed in claims 1-2,
It is characterized by: using dihydric alcohol as reducing agent, preferably ethylene glycol.
4. a kind of extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle preparation method with high miller index surface described in claim 1-3,
It is characterized by: the amount ranges of PVP are 180-230 mg, preferably 200 mg.
5. a kind of extra small Pt-Ni-Cu alloy nano particle preparation method with high miller index surface described in claim 1-4,
It is characterized by: the reaction time is 3-4 h.
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| CN110943234A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-31 | 南京工业大学 | High-performance platinum alloy catalyst based on magnetic regulation and control and preparation method thereof |
| CN111534833A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-14 | 北京化工大学 | Copper nano electrode with high-index crystal face and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114976079A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-08-30 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Pt-Mn-Fe series high-index crystal face catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191022 |