CN110363431A - The evaluation method of subway station domain public space - Google Patents
The evaluation method of subway station domain public space Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of evaluation methods of subway station domain public space.The present invention is according to the assessment indicator system of subway station domain public space safety and hommization, including 3 levels destination layer one by one, rule layer, indicator layer.In conjunction with subway station domain public space status, by generating FCE investigation marking table；Object carries out marking grading according to standard；It is evaluated and tested according to AHP method, then obtains the result of an overall merit.The present invention, which is proposed that, reduces or eliminates dangerous valid model, in place of can also analyzing the project of implementation and lack of identification, to take early stage improvement and precautionary measures, offers reference for the following safety for improving city underground station domain public space with humanization level.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluation methods of subway station domain public space.
Background technique
In high density settling pond development environment, subway is not only to carry the communications and transportation space of a large amount of crowds, while
It is the public environmental art of various Urban populations.
For various reasons, the construction of the previous extensive style of subway station has often resulted in problems, such as subway station domain space
Impersonality, accessible facilities lazy weight, mark system perturbations, above and below ground space lack connection, subway station and week
While being adjacent to block space without connection etc..Space environment system is surface-stable, however it should not ignore various internal factors
The security risk of interaction.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of evaluation methods of subway station domain public space.
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of evaluation method of subway station domain public space, comprising:
Step S1 is based on AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model, obtains the evaluation of subway station domain public space safety and hommization
Index system simultaneously obtains corresponding evaluation criterion weight, in conjunction with subway station domain public space status, by generating FCE investigation marking
Table；Marking grading is carried out according to standard to each and every one object；Each and every one is evaluated according to rn syp AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model
Index is evaluated and tested, and the result of an overall merit of each test object is then obtained；
Step S2 proposes the corresponding Reconstruc-tion policy of subway station domain public space according to the result of the overall merit.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, step S1 is based on AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model, show that subway station domain is public
Space safety and the assessment indicator system of hommization simultaneously obtain corresponding evaluation criterion weight, existing in conjunction with subway station domain public space
Shape, by generating FCE investigation marking table；Marking grading is carried out according to standard to each and every one object；It is comprehensive according to rn syp AHP-FCE
The evaluation model index of evaluating each and every one is closed to evaluate and test, then obtain an overall merit of each test object as a result,
Include:
Step S11 determines subway station domain public space safety and humanized evaluation goal, determines the range of evaluation object；
Step S12 decomposes the evaluation object, with the standard evaluated, including finally obtains destination layer, standard
The then evaluation criterion and system of layer and the indicator layer standard of totally three levels；
Step S13 is collected according to the evaluation criterion and system, and to the AHP questionnaire of brainstrust, with
To the weight proportion of corresponding evaluation goal, to complete the process of AHP；
Step S14 is generated FCE and is investigated grading system table with solution layer factors evaluation index；
Step S15 carries out comprehensive grading marking based on FCE investigation grading system table；According to the power of evaluation goal
Weight ratio, carries out comprehensive evaluation, to the evaluation object to obtain the result of a comprehensive overall merit.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, subway station domain public space is divided into: internal public space and outside are public
The space in space and external public use, wherein the space of the external public use includes the sky on square, public greening land used
Between range.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, the range of the evaluation object include: Urban Underground aisle, the square Xia Cheng with
And rail hands over the city space in 500 meters of radius.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, 5, the evaluation method of subway station domain as claimed in claim 2 public space,
It is characterized in that, step S12, decomposes the evaluation object, with the standard evaluated, including target is finally obtained
The evaluation criterion and system of layer, rule layer and the indicator layer standard of totally three levels, comprising:
The division for endanger to the subway station domain each composition part of public space severity obtains preparatory risk point
Analysis is as a result, so that it is determined that the evaluation criterion and system.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, step S12 decomposes the evaluation object, with the mark evaluated
Standard, evaluation criterion and system including finally obtaining destination layer, rule layer and the indicator layer standard of totally three levels, comprising:
It determines the assessment indicator system of subway station domain public space safety and hommization, including destination layer, rule layer and refers to
Marking layer, totally 3 levels are comprising 6 Recurison order hierarchies, totally 19 indexs.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, step S13, according to the evaluation criterion and system, and to brainstrust
AHP questionnaire is collected, to obtain the weight proportion of corresponding evaluation goal, comprising:
S131 collects the AHP questionnaire of brainstrust, by the standard of the measurement of the 1-9 of Santy, constructs one two
Then two judgment matrixs being compared carry out relevant convergence by using Delphi method and feed back, to the power of each destination layer
It is determined again；
S132, according to relative weighting vector calculation criterion layer and the combining weights vector of solution layer each element and verification result
Consistency is retained the evaluation and test data of expert on maximum degree, is modified with the data collected to these, final to realize
The weight proportion of its corresponding evaluation goal in total sequence.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, S132, according to relative weighting vector calculation criterion layer and solution layer each element
Combining weights vector and verification result consistency retain the evaluation and test data of expert on maximum degree, to these collections
Data be modified, finally realize the corresponding weight proportion of its evaluation goal in total sequence, comprising:
The mode for carrying out product test is to be judged using YAAHP software the consistency of matrix, and use certainly
Dynamic adjustment and incomplete judgement are automatically replenished existing matrix,
The index of consistency is calculated according to formula CI:CI=(λ max-n)/(n-1),
Wherein, λ max refers to has his maximum positive value in a matrix, n be exactly in a rule layer criterion had
Number,
Consistency ratio CR, formula CR=CI/RI,
Wherein, the index of random consistency is indicated with RI, is determined when CR < 0.1 by inquiry table, then
Judging into has satisfactory consistency.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, it generates in FCE investigation grading system table,
The reflected subway station domain public space safety of listed index and the identical journey of hommization are selected according to the scale of 1-10
Degree；
9-10 point indicate very well, 7-8 points indicate preferably, 5-6 points indicate it is general, 3-4 points indicate it is poor, 1-2 points indicate very
Difference；
Situation is investigated according to practical, arranges the rating result that data obtain subway station domain public space safety and hommization.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is directed to existing for subway station domain public space appraisement system, not by ground Shangdi
Down space integration, space environment evaluation index are difficult to the case where being quantified and provided more specific evaluation index, can not
Adapt to the variation of subway station domain Public space Environment.The present invention is that the subway station domain based on AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model is public
Space safety and humanized evaluation model.Specifically: according to the evaluation index body of subway station domain public space safety and hommization
System, including 3 levels --- destination layer, rule layer, indicator layer.6 Recurison order hierarchies are contained, totally 19 indexs.In conjunction with subway
It stands domain public space status, passes through and generate FCE investigation marking table；Object carries out marking grading according to standard；It is carried out according to AHP method
Evaluation and test, then obtains the result of an overall merit.The present invention, which is proposed that, reduces or eliminates dangerous valid model, can also divide
In place of project and lack of identification that analysis is implemented, to take early stage improvement and precautionary measures, city underground station domain is improved to be following
The safety of public space is offered reference with humanization level.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the evaluation method of the subway station domain public space of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is that subway station domain public space constitutes schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is subway station domain public space safety and humanized evaluation index schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is subway station domain public space safety and humanized evaluation model and evaluation criterion weight schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that the subway station domain public space safety of one embodiment of the invention evaluates appraisal result with humanized landscape design
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that the subway station domain public space safety of one embodiment of the invention evaluates appraisal result with humanized landscape design
Weighted score result schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Presently, there are aiming at the problem that, be badly in need of provide a kind of subway station domain public space safety and hommization evaluation mould
Type, to solve the security hidden trouble of present subway station domain public space.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of evaluation method of subway station domain public space, comprising:
Step S1 is based on AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model, obtains the evaluation of subway station domain public space safety and hommization
Index system simultaneously obtains corresponding evaluation criterion weight, in conjunction with subway station domain public space status, by generating FCE investigation marking
Table；Marking grading is carried out according to standard to each and every one object；Each and every one is evaluated according to rn syp AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model
Index is evaluated and tested, and the result of an overall merit of each test object is then obtained；
Step S2 proposes the corresponding Reconstruc-tion policy of subway station domain public space according to the result of the overall merit.
In one embodiment of evaluation method of subway station domain public space of the invention, step S1 is commented based on AHP-FCE synthesis
Valence model obtains subway station domain public space safety and the assessment indicator system of hommization and obtains corresponding evaluation index power
Weight, in conjunction with subway station domain public space status, by generating FCE investigation marking table；It is given a mark to each and every one object according to standard
Grading；It is evaluated and tested according to the index that rn syp AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model evaluates each and every one, then obtains each test
The result of one overall merit of object, comprising:
Step S11 determines subway station domain public space safety and humanized evaluation goal, determines the range of evaluation object；
Step S12 decomposes the evaluation object, with the standard evaluated, including finally obtains destination layer, standard
The then evaluation criterion and system of layer and the indicator layer standard of totally three levels；
Step S13 is collected according to the evaluation criterion and system, and to the AHP questionnaire of brainstrust, with
To the weight proportion of corresponding evaluation goal, to complete the process of AHP；
Step S14 is generated FCE and is investigated grading system table with solution layer factors evaluation index；
Step S15 carries out comprehensive grading marking based on FCE investigation grading system table；According to the power of evaluation goal
Weight ratio, carries out comprehensive evaluation, to the evaluation object to obtain the result of a comprehensive overall merit.
Wherein S11-13 is AHP process, and S14-15 is FCE process, and applications of an evaluative model process is S14-15.
For the defect and blank of the research of existing model, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of subway station domain public spaces
Safety and humanized evaluation model.It can propose some models may be less or dangerous situation is allowed to disappear, also need
To be analyzed according to the concrete condition of project, to improving now there are also insufficient place, thus take early stage improve and
Precautionary measures.Not only to reduce because some negative factors and caused by dangerous situation, while below ground space build
The harbor to avoid the coming trouble at people can be become when causing danger situation.
The present invention is for existing for subway station domain public space appraisement system, not by above and below ground spatial integration, space
Environmental evaluation index is difficult to the case where being quantified and provided more specific evaluation index, and it is public can not to adapt to subway station domain
The variation of space environment.The present invention is subway station domain public space safety and hommization based on AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model
Evaluation model.Specifically: according to the assessment indicator system of subway station domain public space safety and hommization, including 3 layers
It is secondary --- destination layer, rule layer, indicator layer.6 Recurison order hierarchies are contained, totally 19 indexs.In conjunction with subway station domain public space
Status, by generating FCE investigation marking table；Object carries out marking grading according to standard；It is evaluated and tested according to AHP method, then
To the result of an overall merit.The present invention, which is proposed that, reduces or eliminates dangerous valid model, can also analyze the item of implementation
Mesh and lack of identification place, so that early stage improvement and precautionary measures are taken, for the following raising city underground station domain public space
Safety is offered reference with humanization level.
In one embodiment of evaluation method of subway station domain public space of the invention, the range of the evaluation object includes:
Urban Underground aisle, the square Xia Cheng and rail hand over the city space in 500 meters of radius.
In one embodiment of evaluation method of subway station domain public space of the invention, subway station domain public space point
Are as follows: the space of internal public space and outside innovation and external public use, wherein the space of the external public use
Spatial dimension including square, public greening land used.
In one embodiment of evaluation method of subway station domain public space of the invention, step S12, the evaluation object into
Row decomposes, and with the standard evaluated, including finally obtaining destination layer, rule layer and indicator layer, the standard of totally three levels is commented
Price card standard and system, comprising:
The division for endanger to the subway station domain each composition part of public space severity obtains preparatory risk point
Analysis is as a result, so that it is determined that the evaluation criterion and system.
In one embodiment of evaluation method of subway station domain public space of the invention, step S12, the evaluation object into
Row decomposes, and with the standard evaluated, including finally obtaining destination layer, rule layer and indicator layer, the standard of totally three levels is commented
Price card standard and system, comprising:
It determines the assessment indicator system of subway station domain public space safety and hommization, including destination layer, rule layer and refers to
Marking layer, totally 3 levels are comprising 6 Recurison order hierarchies, totally 19 indexs.
In one embodiment of evaluation method of subway station domain public space of the invention, step S13, according to the evaluation criterion
And system, and the AHP questionnaire of brainstrust is collected, to obtain the weight proportion of corresponding evaluation goal, comprising:
S131 collects the AHP questionnaire of brainstrust, by the standard of the measurement of the 1-9 of Santy, constructs one two
Then two judgment matrixs being compared carry out relevant convergence by using Delphi method and feed back, to the power of each destination layer
It is determined again；
S132, according to relative weighting vector calculation criterion layer and the combining weights vector of solution layer each element and verification result
Consistency is retained the evaluation and test data of expert on maximum degree, is modified with the data collected to these, final to realize
The weight proportion of its corresponding evaluation goal in total sequence.
In one embodiment of evaluation method of subway station domain public space of the invention, S132, according to relative weighting to meter
The combining weights vector and verification result consistency for calculating rule layer and solution layer each element, retain expert on maximum degree
Evaluation and test data, be modified with the data collected to these, finally realize the corresponding of its evaluation goal in total sequence
Weight proportion, comprising:
The mode for carrying out product test is to be judged using YAAHP software the consistency of matrix, and use certainly
Dynamic adjustment and incomplete judgement are automatically replenished existing matrix,
The index of consistency is calculated according to formula CI:CI=(λ max-n)/(n-1),
Wherein, λ max refers to has his maximum positive value in a matrix, n be exactly in a rule layer criterion had
Number,
Consistency ratio CR, formula CR=CI/RI
The index of random consistency is indicated with RI, is determined when CR < 0.1, then judged by inquiry table
There is satisfactory consistency.
In one embodiment of evaluation method of subway station domain public space of the invention, generate in FCE investigation grading system table,
The reflected subway station domain public space safety of listed index and the identical journey of hommization are selected according to the scale of 1-10
Degree；
9-10 point indicate very well, 7-8 points indicate preferably, 5-6 points indicate it is general, 3-4 points indicate it is poor, 1-2 points indicate very
Difference；
Situation is investigated according to practical, arranges the rating result that data obtain subway station domain public space safety and hommization.
Specifically, under normal circumstances, needing the 1-9 scale model for using Santy for the relative importance of challenge
Scale is highly effective, the intermediate value of 2,4,6,8 above-mentioned two adjacent judgements.System is consulted by expert, is received by Delphi method
After holding back feedback, the assignment for the judgment matrix that data craft gives fills in generation judgment matrix.
Determination for the weight in appraisement system needs to carry out each element in rule layer and indicator layer group and carries out two
Two compare, judgment matrix expression formula.
Then the data of every group of judgment matrix can be obtained.The power of evaluation points is carried out firstly the need of the rule layer to judgement
Weight, then calculates corresponding weight proportion.
Table 1.1 combines consistency check result
By formula CR=CI/RI, learn that the calculated result of combination consistency ration CR=0.053 < 0.1 is to meet
It is required that.(calculated result is assembled, the corresponding CI weighted average of each expert of CI=).
After index determines, using the model of questionnaire survey, to determine specific subway station domain public space safety and human nature
Change most important evaluation criterion.It is assessed using by Likert scale, considers evaluation index.Subway station domain public space safety with
Humanized landscape design grading, listed the reflected subway station domain public space safety of index and people are selected according to the scale of 1-10
Property degree of agreement.9-10 point indicate very well, 7-8 points indicate preferably, 5-6 points indicate it is general, 3-4 points indicate that poor, 1-2 divides table
Show very poor.Situation is investigated according to practical, arranges the rating result that data obtain subway station domain public space safety and hommization.
According to the Preliminary Hazard Analysis of subway station domain public space, comprehensive following six index of choosing is safety and human nature
Change landscape design evaluation index --- six indexs such as spatial shape, spatial position error.Pass through the obtained number of AHP questionnaire
According to obtain the evaluation weight of each and every one evaluation index.Specifically it is shown in Table 1.2.
1.2 subway station domain public space rule layer safety of table and humanized evaluation criterion weight value
Fig. 2 is that subway station domain public space constitutes schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is subway station domain public space safety and humanized evaluation index schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is subway station domain public space safety and humanized evaluation model and evaluation criterion weight schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that the subway station domain public space safety of one embodiment of the invention evaluates appraisal result with humanized landscape design
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that the subway station domain public space safety of one embodiment of the invention evaluates appraisal result with humanized landscape design
Weighted score result schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Shanghai Jing'an Monastery subway station domain public space safety and hommization evaluation situation, according to the scale of 1-10 to select
The reflected subway station domain public space safety of column index and humanized degree of agreement.9-10 point indicate very well, 7-8 points indicate compared with
Good, 5-6 divides expression is general, 3-4 divides to indicate that poor, 1-2 divides expression very poor.Situation is investigated according to practical, data is arranged and obtains ground
The rating result and evaluation criterion weight scores of iron station domain public space safety and hommization.
1.3 Shanghai City Jing'an Monastery subway station domain public space safety of table and humanized landscape design opinion rating table
Comprehensive total score: 1.16+1.27+0.86+0.74+1.88+1.26=7.18 points
Shanghai City Jing'an Monastery subway can only be 7.18 points with public space safety and humanized landscape evaluation total score, landscape
Safety and the degree of hommization are preferable.Wherein space boundary (0.104), spatial shape (0.174) and space texture (0.175) obtain
Divide relatively low.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
Professional further appreciates that, unit described in conjunction with the examples disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure
And algorithm steps, can be realized with electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two, in order to clearly demonstrate hardware and
The interchangeability of software generally describes each exemplary composition and step according to function in the above description.These
Function is implemented in hardware or software actually, the specific application and design constraint depending on technical solution.Profession
Technical staff can use different methods to achieve the described function each specific application, but this realization is not answered
Think beyond the scope of this invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various modification and variations without departing from spirit of the invention to invention
And range.If in this way, these modifications and changes of the present invention belong to the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies range it
Interior, then the invention is also intended to include including these modification and variations.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of evaluation method of subway station domain public space characterized by comprising
Step S1 is based on AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model, obtains the evaluation index of subway station domain public space safety and hommization
System simultaneously obtains corresponding evaluation criterion weight, in conjunction with subway station domain public space status, by generating FCE investigation marking table；
Marking grading is carried out according to standard to each and every one object；The index that each and every one is evaluated according to rn syp AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model
It is evaluated and tested, then obtains the result of an overall merit of each test object；
Step S2 proposes the corresponding Reconstruc-tion policy of subway station domain public space according to the result of the overall merit.
2. the evaluation method of subway station domain as described in claim 1 public space, which is characterized in that step S1 is based on AHP-
FCE comprehensive evaluation model obtains subway station domain public space safety and humanized assessment indicator system and obtains corresponding comment
Valence index weights, in conjunction with subway station domain public space status, by generating FCE investigation marking table；To each and every one object according to standard
Carry out marking grading；It is evaluated and tested according to the index that rn syp AHP-FCE comprehensive evaluation model evaluates each and every one, is then obtained
The result of one overall merit of each test object, comprising:
Step S11 determines subway station domain public space safety and humanized evaluation goal, determines the range of evaluation object；
Step S12 decomposes the evaluation object, with the standard evaluated, including finally obtains destination layer, rule layer
With the evaluation criterion and system of the indicator layer standard of totally three levels；
Step S13 is collected, to obtain phase according to the evaluation criterion and system, and to the AHP questionnaire of brainstrust
The weight proportion for the evaluation goal answered, to complete the process of AHP；
Step S14 is generated FCE and is investigated grading system table with solution layer factors evaluation index；
Step S15 carries out comprehensive grading marking based on FCE investigation grading system table；According to the weight ratio of evaluation goal
Example carries out comprehensive evaluation, to the evaluation object to obtain the result of a comprehensive overall merit.
3. the evaluation method of subway station domain as claimed in claim 2 public space, which is characterized in that the subway station domain is public
Space is divided into: the space of internal public space and outside innovation and external public use, wherein the external public use
Space include square, public greening land used spatial dimension.
4. the evaluation method of subway station domain as claimed in claim 2 public space, which is characterized in that the model of the evaluation object
Enclose includes: that Urban Underground aisle, the square Xia Cheng and rail hand over city space in 500 meters of radius.
5. the evaluation method of subway station domain as claimed in claim 2 public space, which is characterized in that step S12, institute's commentary
Valence object is decomposed, with the standard evaluated, including finally obtaining destination layer, rule layer and indicator layer totally three levels
The evaluation criterion and system of standard, comprising:
The division for endanger to the subway station domain each composition part of public space severity, obtains Preliminary Hazard Analysis knot
Fruit, so that it is determined that the evaluation criterion and system.
6. the evaluation method of subway station domain as claimed in claim 2 public space, which is characterized in that step S12, institute's commentary
Valence object is decomposed, with the standard evaluated, including finally obtaining destination layer, rule layer and indicator layer totally three levels
The evaluation criterion and system of standard, comprising:
Determine the assessment indicator system of subway station domain public space safety and hommization, including destination layer, rule layer and indicator layer
Totally 3 levels are comprising 6 Recurison order hierarchies, totally 19 indexs.
7. the evaluation method of subway station domain as claimed in claim 6 public space, which is characterized in that step S13, according to described
Evaluation criterion and system, and the AHP questionnaire of brainstrust is collected, to obtain the weight ratio of corresponding evaluation goal
Example, comprising:
S131 collects the AHP questionnaire of brainstrust, by the standard of the measurement of the 1-9 of Santy, construct one two-by-two into
Then the judgment matrix that row compares carries out relevant convergence feedback by using Delphi method, to the weight of each destination layer into
Row determines；
S132, it is consistent with the combining weights vector of solution layer each element and verification result according to relative weighting vector calculation criterion layer
Property, on maximum degree retain expert evaluation and test data, be modified with the data collected to these, finally realize its
The weight proportion of corresponding evaluation goal in total sequence.
8. the evaluation method of subway station domain as claimed in claim 6 public space, which is characterized in that S132, according to opposite power
The combining weights vector and verification result consistency of weight vector calculation criterion layer and solution layer each element, on maximum degree
The evaluation and test data for retaining expert, are modified with the data collected to these, finally realize its evaluation goal in total sequence
Corresponding weight proportion, comprising:
The mode for carrying out product test is to be judged using YAAHP software the consistency of matrix, and adjusted using automatic
Whole and incomplete judgement is automatically replenished existing matrix,
The index of consistency is calculated according to formula CI:CI=(λ max-n)/(n-1),
Wherein, λ max refers to has his maximum positive value in a matrix, and n is exactly in a rule layer possessed by criterion
Number,
Consistency ratio CR, formula CR=CI/RI,
Wherein, the index of random consistency is indicated with RI, is determined when CR < 0.1, then judged by inquiry table
At having satisfactory consistency.
9. the evaluation method of subway station domain as claimed in claim 2 public space, which is characterized in that generate FCE investigation scoring
In table of grading,
The reflected subway station domain public space safety of listed index and humanized degree of agreement are selected according to the scale of 1-10；
9-10 point indicate very well, 7-8 points indicate preferably, 5-6 points indicate it is general, 3-4 points indicate it is poor, 1-2 points indicate very poor；
Situation is investigated according to practical, arranges the rating result that data obtain subway station domain public space safety and hommization.
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