CN110362941B - Two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation method - Google Patents
Two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) creating oil particles at the position where the oil spill accidents of rivers and lakes occur; (2) simulating the self-expansion, convection diffusion and weathering processes of the oil particles to obtain the attribute change and motion trail of the oil particles in the drifting process; (3) and displaying the property change and the motion trail of the oil particles. Compared with the prior art, the method combines the advantages of the oil particle model and the Fay formula, realizes one-dimensional and two-dimensional coupling simulation of the oil particles, simplifies the weathering process, is suitable for simulating sudden oil spill of the riverway, displays and renders a simulation result through a particle system, can simulate oil spill emergency treatment measures, and can provide technical support for emergency treatment of oil spill accidents in the Taihu lake basin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil spill accident simulation method, in particular to a two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation method.
Background
The Taihu lake basin belongs to a typical plain river network area, river channels are criss-cross, inland rivers and navigation channels are developed, the river channels are mostly directly utilized or penetrate through the basin and regional backbones to guide and drain the river channels, and the total mileage of the navigation channels reaches 1.6 ten thousand kilometers. Because of good navigation conditions and low transportation cost, water transportation always dominates in an industrial material transportation system. Meanwhile, inland river oil pollution accidents sometimes occur, such as an 8.5 oil spill accident of the bodhumva river in 2003, an oil spill accident of a rear channel of the gazou river in Guangzhou in 2004 and the like, so that the simulation of the emergent oil spill accident of the inland river is very important.
The oil spill model is a model which takes water as a carrier and simulates the processes of oil spill in water body such as expansion, drifting, evaporation, dispersion, sedimentation, emulsification, dissolution, photooxidation and the like, thereby obtaining the oil spill track, destination and environmental influence. The countries in Europe and America begin to carry out prediction research on offshore oil spill from the 60 s of the 20 th century, and a plurality of comprehensive oil spill models such as ADIOS, OILMAP, OSIS, OSCAR, GNOME and the like are established, but most of the oil spill models are mainly developed aiming at open water areas such as oceans, mouths and bays and cannot be directly applied to long and narrow rivers.
The model realizes the coupling of water quantity and water quality and the one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional coupling calculation, the calculation result (water level, flow direction and the like) of each step of the water quantity model is transmitted to the water quality model, and the water quantity input can be provided for the oil spill model.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a two-dimensional coupled simulation method for river and lake oil spill accidents.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation method comprises the following steps:
(1) creating oil particles at the position where the oil spill accidents of rivers and lakes occur;
(2) simulating the self-expansion, convection diffusion and weathering processes of the oil particles to obtain the attribute change and motion trail of the oil particles in the drifting process;
(3) and displaying the property change and the motion trail of the oil particles.
And (2) simulating to determine different expansion stages of the oil particles according to the thickness of the oil particles, and further acquiring expansion coefficients of the different expansion stages.
Oil particle thickness greater than or equal to E1minFor the gravity-inertia expansion phase, the oil particle thickness is greater than or equal to E2minFor the gravity-viscosity extension stage, the oil particle thickness is less than E2minIs a surface tension-viscosity propagation stage, wherein:
in the formula, gammawIs the kinematic viscosity coefficient of water, teExposure time of oil particles, σnFor the net surface tension coefficient, σn＝σaw-σoa-σow，σawIs the surface tension coefficient of air and water, σoaIs the surface tension coefficient of oil and air, σowIs the surface tension coefficient of oil and water, rhowSgoil is the specific gravity of the oil, g is the acceleration of gravity.
The expansion coefficients of different expansion stages are specifically:
gravity-inertia expansion phase:
gravity-viscosity expansion phase:
surface tension-viscosity extension phase:
wherein, K1、K2、K3Are all constant, Δ g ═ ρw(1-sgoil)g，VpIs the volume of the oil particles.
The simulation oil particle convection diffusion process in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(a1) tracking the coordinates of the oil particles in real time in the drifting and turbulent dispersion processes of the oil particles along with the water flow:
(b1) and at the branch or intersection of the river channel, the outgoing flow of the river channel is taken as the weight to judge the heading of the oil particles.
Step (a1) of tracking the oil particle coordinates in real time by:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the position at the moment of the ith oil particle n +1,
is the position of the ith oil particle n, alpha is the influence factor of water flow movement on oil film drift,
is the surface velocity of the water stream at the instant of the ith oil particle n,
is the wind drift velocity at the ith oil particle n moment position, delta t is the time step,
random walk velocity for turbulent dispersion.
The step (b1) is specifically as follows:
firstly, the flow rates of the outflow riverways are arranged from small to large, and the flow direction factor df of each riverway is calculated according to the following formulai：
In the formula, qiThe flow of the ith outflow channel is, and n is the number of outflow channels;
secondly, calculating the flow factor judgment interval of each outflow channel, wherein the flow factor judgment interval of the 1 st channel is [0, df1]The flow direction factor of the ith river channel is judged to be within the interval
Finally, [0,1 ] is generated]Is uniform random number RdJudgment of RdAnd the flow direction factor positioned in the river channel judges the interval, and then the oil particles drift to the river channel.
The simulation oil particle weathering process of the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(a2) determining the evaporation rate of the oil particles:
for crude oil:
wherein, FvTheta is the evaporation rate, theta is the evaporation coefficient, T is the oil spill temperature, TGThe gradient of the boiling point curve, A ═ 6.3, B ═ 10.3, T0Is the initial boiling temperature of the oil;
for fuel oils:
wherein loss (% weight) is evaporation mass percent, D is distillation mass percent at 180 ℃, T is oil spilling temperature, and T is oil spilling time;
(b2) determining the emulsified water content of oil particles:
wherein, YwIs the water content of emulsion, KbIs the maximum water content of the emulsion, KemAs emulsion rate constant, UwIs the wind speed.
The display of the change of the oil particle property comprises the display of the change of the size, the color and the shape of the oil particle, and the display of the motion trail of the oil particle comprises the dynamic display of the generation, the disappearance, the drift and the diffusion of the oil particle in the river network.
And (3) simulating oil removal measures, wherein the simulation of the oil removal measures comprises the steps of selecting a salvage range and setting a salvage rate, the number of the oil particles in the salvage range is further reduced according to the salvage rate, and the property change and the motion track of the oil particles after the oil removal measures are taken are further displayed in the step (3).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the method, the diffusion coefficient of the self-expansion stage at the initial stage of oil spill is deduced by using an Fay formula, the advantages of an oil particle model and a Fay formula are combined, the problem that the Fay formula can only be used for the limitation of a stationary water surface is solved, the problem that the oil particle model cannot simulate the self-expansion stage of oil spill is solved, and the method is suitable for river oil spill simulation with a narrow water area, a complex boundary shape and variable water flow conditions, so that the simulation result of the oil spill expansion stage is more in line with the actual situation.
(2) According to the method, only evaporation and emulsification are considered in the weathering process, and relatively slow or weak weathering processes such as photooxidation, biodegradation, dispersion and dissolution are not considered, so that the model mechanism is simplified and the emergency prediction speed is increased on the premise of not influencing short-term accuracy.
(3) The method of the invention conveniently realizes oil spill elimination measures such as oil film salvage, oil removal agent throwing and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a two-dimensional coupled simulation method for oil spill accidents in rivers and lakes according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of a two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation system of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. Note that the following description of the embodiments is merely a substantial example, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to the application or the use thereof, and is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
The invention provides a two-dimensional coupled numerical simulation method for river and lake oil spill accidents, which is based on an oil particle model, utilizes an Fay oil spill expansion formula to deduce a diffusion coefficient of oil spill at an expansion stage, and simulates self expansion of oil spill and drift and turbulent diffusion along with water flow through the combination of the oil particle model and a Fay formula; judging the heading of the oil particles at the branch or intersection of the river channel by taking the outflow flow of the river channel as a weight; the oil spill weathering process only considers evaporation and emulsification, and does not consider the relatively slow and small-influence processes of photooxidation, biodegradation, dispersion, dissolution and the like; integrating with a particle system of the model, and performing display attribute setting of oil particles and dynamic display of an oil spill motion track; in the simulation process, the fishing range and the fishing rate can be set through the GIS platform operation to simulate oil spill elimination measures such as oil film fishing, oil removal agent throwing and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, a two-dimensional coupled method for simulating an oil spill accident in a river or lake comprises the following steps:
(1) creating oil particles at the position where the oil spill accidents of rivers and lakes occur;
(2) simulating the self-expansion, convection diffusion and weathering processes of the oil particles to obtain the attribute change and motion trail of the oil particles in the drifting process;
(3) and displaying the property change and the motion trail of the oil particles.
The step (1) is specifically as follows:
the model is switched to a hydrodynamic module, a right key is arranged at the section of an oil spill accident occurrence point, a tab for setting the oil spill pollution accident is clicked, the type of oil spill, the occurrence time, the occurrence duration, the discharge amount and model parameters (a model of water quantity and water quality of the Taihu lake basin) are set, and oil particles are created. The model parameters comprise oil particle mass, minimum oil particle mass, water flow drag coefficient, wind drift coefficient, water kinematic viscosity coefficient, net surface tension coefficient, water density, oil density, expansion coefficient, evaporation model parameter A, S-M evaporation model parameter B, Fingas model evaporation parameter A, Fingas model evaporation parameter B, maximum water content of emulsion, emulsification rate coefficient, shore boundary adsorption capacity, dynamic viscosity, reference temperature, temperature correction coefficient of viscosity, Mooney constant, volume temperature expansion coefficient, minimum oil film thickness, vertical mixing depth and minimum wind speed.
And (2) determining different expansion stages of the oil particles according to the thickness of the oil particles, and further obtaining expansion coefficients of the different expansion stages.
Oil particle thickness greater than or equal to E1minFor the gravity-inertia expansion phase, the oil particle thickness is greater than or equal to E2minFor the gravity-viscosity extension stage, the oil particle thickness is less than E2minIs a surface tension-viscosity propagation stage, wherein:
in the formula, gammawThe coefficient of kinematic viscosity of water is 1.01X 10-6 m2/s，teExposure time of oil particles, σnFor the net surface tension coefficient, 0.03N/m, σ is takenn＝σaw-σoa-σow，σawIs the surface tension coefficient of air and water, σoaIs the surface tension coefficient of oil and air, σowThe surface tension coefficients of oil and water are respectively 0.072N/m, 0.024N/m and 0.018N/m, rhowSgoil is the specific gravity of the oil, g is the acceleration of gravity.
By assuming that the mass distribution of each oil particle obeys a standard deviation of σpDetermining the thickness of each oil particle by taking into account the contribution of the oil particles adjacent to it, sigma of the oil particlespProportional to the standard deviation sigma of the entire oil filmsThe relationship is as follows:
σp＝0.3σs，
the standard deviation of the oil film is estimated from the diffusion coefficient and the oil spill duration:
in the formula: sigma of point source oil spillITaking 0.0, for the existing oil film, it is unknownStandard deviation, σ, of oil particles at the initial momentpThe initial value is approximately equal to the oil particle radius;
thickness T of each oil particlepCalculated using the formula:
in the formula:
volume of the ith oil particle, σiIs the standard deviation of the ith oil particle and r is the distance between the centers of the oil particles.
In the oil spill self-expansion stage, Fay oil spill expansion formulas are adopted to derive expansion coefficients, and the expansion coefficients in different expansion stages are specifically as follows:
gravity-inertia expansion phase:
gravity-viscosity expansion phase:
surface tension-viscosity extension phase:
wherein, K1、K2、K3Are all constants, K1＝1.14，K2＝1.45，K3＝2.30，Δg＝ρw(1-sgoil)g，VpIs the volume of the oil particles.
And in the oil spill convection diffusion stage, an oil particle model is adopted to disperse the oil spill into a large number of oil particles, each particle represents a certain oil amount, the diameter of each particle is distributed between 10 and 1000 micrometers, and the drifting and turbulent diffusion processes of the oil spill along with water flow are simulated.
The water flow movement and wind induced convection process is simulated by adopting a Lagrange tracking method, and the basic equation is as follows:
in the formula:
is the particle position;
the surface flow velocity of the water flow;
is the wind drift velocity; alpha is an influence factor of water flow movement on oil film drift, and is usually 1.1-1.2;
the magnitude of the oil film drift velocity caused by wind can be expressed as:
in the formula: beta is the wind drift coefficient, usually 3% -4%, w10The wind speed is 10m above the water surface;
is an included angle between the wind direction and the water flow direction;
the turbulent flow diffusion caused by the shear flow and the turbulent flow is simulated by adopting a random walk method, and the random walk speed of each time step is calculated by adopting the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
random walk speed for turbulent diffusionDegree, Rn is a normally distributed random number with a mean value of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.0; deIs the mechanical expansion coefficient of the oil film; dTIs the turbulent diffusion coefficient; Δ t is the time step.
In summary, the simulation of the convection diffusion process of the oil particles in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(a1) tracking the coordinates of the oil particles in real time in the drifting and turbulent dispersion processes of the oil particles along with the water flow:
(b1) and at the branch or intersection of the river channel, the outgoing flow of the river channel is taken as the weight to judge the heading of the oil particles.
Step (a1) of tracking the oil particle coordinates in real time by:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the position at the moment of the ith oil particle n +1,
is the position of the ith oil particle n, alpha is the influence factor of water flow movement on oil film drift,
is the surface velocity of the water stream at the instant of the ith oil particle n,
is the wind drift velocity at the ith oil particle n moment position, delta t is the time step,
random walk velocity for turbulent dispersion.
The step (b1) is specifically as follows:
firstly, the flow rates of the outflow riverways are arranged from small to large, and the flow direction factor df of each riverway is calculated according to the following formulai：
In the formula, qiThe flow of the ith outflow channel is, and n is the number of outflow channels;
secondly, calculating the flow factor judgment interval of each outflow channel, wherein the flow factor judgment interval of the 1 st channel is [0, df1]The flow direction factor of the ith river channel is judged to be within the interval
Finally, [0,1 ] is generated]Is uniform random number RdJudgment of RdAnd the flow direction factor positioned in the river channel judges the interval, and then the oil particles drift to the river channel.
The method only simulates two processes of evaporation and emulsification with prominent weathering effect at the initial stage of oil spill, and does not consider the relatively slow and less-influenced processes of photooxidation, biodegradation, dispersion, dissolution and the like.
Therefore, the simulation of the oil particle weathering process in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(a2) determining the evaporation rate of the oil particles:
for crude oil:
wherein, FvTheta is the evaporation rate, theta is the evaporation coefficient, T is the oil spill temperature, TGThe gradient of the boiling point curve, A ═ 6.3, B ═ 10.3, T0Is the initial boiling temperature of the oil;
for fuel oils:
wherein loss (% weight) is evaporation mass percent, D is distillation mass percent at 180 ℃, T is oil spilling temperature, and T is oil spilling time;
(b2) determining the emulsified water content of oil particles:
wherein, YwIs the water content of emulsion, KbIs the maximum water content of the emulsion, KemAs emulsion rate constant, UwIs the wind speed.
The display of the change of the oil particle property comprises the display of the change of the size, the color and the shape of the oil particle, and the display of the motion trail of the oil particle comprises the dynamic display of the generation, the disappearance, the drift and the diffusion of the oil particle in the river network.
And (3) simulating oil removal measures, wherein the simulation of the oil removal measures comprises the steps of selecting a salvage range and setting a salvage rate, the number of the oil particles in the salvage range is further reduced according to the salvage rate, and the property change and the motion track of the oil particles after the oil removal measures are taken are further displayed in the step (3).
According to the invention, the display attribute of the oil particles and the dynamic display of the oil spilling motion trail are carried out through the particle system. The particle system is a post-processing function of the model, can display a dynamic flow field of a model calculation result, and comprises the following functions of data interpolation configuration, particle self-defined addition, particle style setting and particle statistics: the data interpolation configuration function mainly carries out data interpolation processing on the imported calculation result, so that the dynamic simulation playing of data is smoother, and interpolation data density and difference value methods can be set; the particle self-defining adding function mainly realizes that a user creates one or more particles at any position of a river network, the particles can be added in a self-defining way before and during playing, and the newly added particles start dynamic simulation of a flow field at the next simulation time point; the particle pattern setting function comprises self-defining particle size, color, flow effect, whether the particles automatically grow from the boundary or not and whether the particles die or not; the particle counting function comprises a self-defined section function, a region or boundary setting function and a function of counting the number of passing particles in specified time.
The oil spill results show the following aspects:
1) oil particle motion trajectory
Tracking each oil particle, recording the position of each oil particle after each time step is finished, and drawing an oil particle trajectory line to obtain the motion trajectory of all the oil particles;
2) extent of influence of oil spill
The oil spill influence range is the area of a water area through which the oil film passes within a certain time, and the area through which the oil film passes repeatedly is removed during calculation; calculating the area of an oil film by adopting a convex hull algorithm;
3) oil film characteristic data
And respectively calculating the number, volume, oil film thickness, concentration and mass distribution standard deviation of the oil particles of each grid by adopting corresponding oil spilling characteristic quantity calculation formulas.
The method is based on a two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation system shown in figure 2, wherein a hydrodynamic model is a water quantity and water quality model of a lake Taihu basin, an oil particle model is created oil particles, and a river way oil spill model is used for simulating the self-expansion, convection diffusion and weathering process of the oil particles of the river and lake oil spill by the method, wherein the self-expansion of the oil particles is used for deducing the diffusion coefficient of the self-expansion stage at the initial stage of the oil spill by using an Fay formula. And finally, displaying the oil spilling accidents of the rivers and the lakes through a GIS platform.
The above embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention. These embodiments may be implemented in other various manners, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) creating oil particles at the position where the oil spill accidents of rivers and lakes occur;
(2) simulating the self-expansion, convection diffusion and weathering processes of the oil particles to obtain the attribute change and motion trail of the oil particles in the drifting process;
(3) displaying the attribute change and the motion trail of the oil particles;
the simulation oil particle convection diffusion process in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
(a1) tracking the coordinates of the oil particles in real time in the drifting and turbulent dispersion processes of the oil particles along with the water flow:
(b1) judging the heading of the oil particles at the branch or intersection of the river channel by taking the outflow flow of the river channel as a weight;
the step (b1) is specifically as follows:
firstly, the flow rates of the outflow riverways are arranged from small to large, and the flow direction factor df of each riverway is calculated according to the following formulai：
In the formula, qiThe flow of the ith outflow channel is, and n is the number of outflow channels;
secondly, calculating the flow factor judgment interval of each outflow channel, wherein the flow factor judgment interval of the 1 st channel is [0, df1]The flow direction factor of the ith river channel is judged to be within the interval
Finally, [0,1 ] is generated]Is uniform random number RdJudgment of RdAnd the flow direction factor positioned in the river channel judges the interval, and then the oil particles drift to the river channel.
2. The two-dimensional coupled method for simulating the river and lake oil spill accident according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) is to determine different expansion stages of the oil particles according to the thickness of the oil particles, and further obtain the expansion coefficients of the different expansion stages.
3. A two-dimensional coupled method for simulating an oil spill accident in a river or lake according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the oil particles is greater than or equal to E1minFor the gravity-inertia expansion phase, the oil particle thickness is greater thanOr equal to E2minFor the gravity-viscosity extension stage, the oil particle thickness is less than E2minIs a surface tension-viscosity propagation stage, wherein:
in the formula, gammawIs the kinematic viscosity coefficient of water, teExposure time of oil particles, σnFor the net surface tension coefficient, σn＝σaw-σoa-σow，σawIs the surface tension coefficient of air and water, σoaIs the surface tension coefficient of oil and air, σowIs the surface tension coefficient of oil and water, rhowSgoil is the specific gravity of the oil, g is the acceleration of gravity.
4. A two-dimensional coupled method for simulating an oil spill accident in a river or lake according to claim 3, wherein the expansion coefficients of different expansion stages are:
gravity-inertia expansion phase:
gravity-viscosity expansion phase:
surface tension-viscosity extension phase:
wherein, K1、K2、K3Are all constant, Δ g ═ ρw(1-sgoil)g，VpIs the volume of the oil particles.
5. A two-dimensional coupled method for simulating an oil spill accident in a river or lake according to claim 1, wherein the step (a1) tracks the coordinates of the oil particles in real time by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the position at the moment of the ith oil particle n +1,
is the position of the ith oil particle n, alpha is the influence factor of water flow movement on oil film drift,
is the surface velocity of the water stream at the instant of the ith oil particle n,
is the wind drift velocity at the ith oil particle n moment position, delta t is the time step,
random walk velocity for turbulent dispersion.
6. The two-dimensional coupled method for simulating an oil spill accident of a river or lake according to claim 1, wherein the simulating the oil particle weathering process in step (2) comprises:
(a2) determining the evaporation rate of the oil particles:
for crude oil:
wherein, FvTheta is the evaporation rate, theta is the evaporation coefficient, T is the oil spill temperature, TGThe gradient of the boiling point curve, A ═ 6.3, B ═ 10.3, T0Is the initial boiling temperature of the oil;
for fuel oils:
wherein loss (% weight) is evaporation mass percent, D is distillation mass percent at 180 ℃, T is oil spilling temperature, and T is oil spilling time;
(b2) determining the emulsified water content of oil particles:
wherein, YwIs the water content of emulsion, KbIs the maximum water content of the emulsion, KemAs emulsion rate constant, UwIs the wind speed.
7. The two-dimensional coupled river and lake oil spill accident simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the demonstration of the property change of the oil particles comprises demonstration of the size, color and shape change of the oil particles, and the demonstration of the motion trail of the oil particles comprises dynamic demonstration of the generation, disappearance, drift and diffusion of the oil particles in the river network.
8. The two-dimensional coupling river and lake oil spill accident simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the simulation of oil removal measures is further included before the step (3), the simulation of oil removal measures includes framing a salvage range and setting a salvage rate, the number of oil particles in the salvage range is further reduced according to the salvage rate, and further the step (3) shows the property change and the motion trail of the oil particles after the oil removal measures are taken.
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