CN110362148A - Photovoltaic system maximum power tracking method under a kind of shadowed condition based on artificial bee colony algorithm - Google Patents

Photovoltaic system maximum power tracking method under a kind of shadowed condition based on artificial bee colony algorithm Download PDF

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CN110362148A
CN110362148A CN201910654415.3A CN201910654415A CN110362148A CN 110362148 A CN110362148 A CN 110362148A CN 201910654415 A CN201910654415 A CN 201910654415A CN 110362148 A CN110362148 A CN 110362148A
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束洪春
朱德娜
杨博
安娜
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于人工蜂群算法的阴影条件下光伏系统最大功率跟踪方法，属于电力系统控制技术领域。首先，建立光伏系统模型和MPPT控制模型；其次，将光伏系统所接收的光照强度S、温度T和输出电压输入至ABC的MPPT控制器中进行反复寻优直至算法收敛；最后，将MPPT控制器输出的最优占空比输入至绝缘栅双极型晶体管后得到光伏系统最优输出电压以实现MPPT。本发明可解决阴影条件下具有多峰输出特性的光伏阵列MPPT控制容易陷入局部最大功率点的难题，利用Matlab软件对该算法与传统算法的收敛情况进行比较，可有效地提高迭代速度和稳定性。

The invention relates to a maximum power tracking method of a photovoltaic system under shadow conditions based on an artificial bee colony algorithm, and belongs to the technical field of power system control. Firstly, establish the photovoltaic system model and MPPT control model; secondly, input the light intensity S, temperature T and output voltage received by the photovoltaic system into the MPPT controller of ABC for repeated optimization until the algorithm converges; finally, the MPPT controller The optimal duty cycle of the output is input to the insulated gate bipolar transistor to obtain the optimal output voltage of the photovoltaic system to realize MPPT. The invention can solve the problem that the MPPT control of photovoltaic arrays with multi-peak output characteristics under shadow conditions is easy to fall into the local maximum power point. Using Matlab software to compare the convergence of the algorithm with the traditional algorithm can effectively improve the iteration speed and stability. .

Description

Photovoltaic system maximal power tracing under a kind of shadowed condition based on artificial bee colony algorithm Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic system maximum power tracking methods under a kind of shadowed condition based on artificial bee colony algorithm, belong to In technical field of electric power system control.
Background technique
Photovoltaic power generation is considered as the most promising new energy technology of our times, and local environment is with development Become to become increasingly complex, part shade causes photovoltaic array multi-peak phenomenon occur, influences photovoltaic array delivery efficiency, or even damage Bad photovoltaic cell.Maximum power tracking method is to reduce cost of electricity-generating, improve the most direct effective method of generating efficiency.It is existing Most of method is suitable for uniform illumination situation, has ignored the circumstance of occlusion of photovoltaic array in actual life, they can not be Maximum power point is accurately traced under shadowed condition.This algorithm can be accurate, and it is global maximum steadily to trace into photovoltaic system Power points avoids algorithm from falling into local maximum power point, to greatly improve the generating efficiency of photovoltaic system.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide photovoltaic systems under a kind of shadowed condition based on artificial bee colony algorithm Maximum power tracking method, to solve the problems, such as the existing control technology of photovoltaic array MPPT under shadowed condition.
The technical scheme is that one kind is based on artificial bee colony (artificial bee colony, ABC) algorithm Photovoltaic system maximal power tracing (maximum power point tracking, MPPT) method under shadowed condition, firstly, building Vertical photovoltaic system model and MPPT Controlling model；Secondly, by the received intensity of illumination S of photovoltaic system institute, temperature T and output voltage It is input in the MPPT controller of ABC and carries out optimizing repeatedly until algorithmic statement；Finally, by optimal the accounting for of MPPT controller output Sky is than obtaining photovoltaic after being input to insulated gate bipolar transistor (insulate-gate bipolar transistor, IGBT) System optimal output voltage is to realize MPPT.
Specific steps are as follows:
Step1: photovoltaic system model is established；
Relationship between photovoltaic array output electric current and voltage can be described as:
In formula, IgIt is the photogenerated current that photovoltaic cell generates, IsIt is the reverse saturation current of photovoltaic cell, electron charge q= 1.60217733×10-19Cb, A are the ideal factor of diode, Boltzmann constant k=1.380658 × 10-23J/K, TcFor Temperature, VdcIt is photovoltaic output voltage, IpvIt is photovoltaic output electric current, RsIt is series resistance；
The photovoltaic cell saturation current I varied with temperaturesIt calculates as follows:
In formula, IRSBe specified intensity of illumination and at a temperature of photovoltaic cell reverse saturation current, EgIt is photovoltaic cell half Band-gap energy in conductor；
Step2: MPPT Controlling model is established；
The MPPT of photovoltaic system can be by adjusting photovoltaic system output voltage VpvIt realizes, due to the target of photovoltaic system It is to obtain maximum active power, therefore the MPPT Controlling model under shadowed condition can be described as:
In formula, F (Vpv) indicate objective function, VpvIt is photovoltaic system output voltage, IpvIt is photovoltaic system output electric current, Pout It is the active power of photovoltaic system,WithIt is the minimum and maximum output voltage of photovoltaic system respectively；
Step3: the intensity of illumination S and temperature T of acquisition photovoltaic array in real time；
Step4: by photovoltaic system received S, T and output voltage be input in the MPPT controller based on ABC algorithm, Wherein specific step is as follows for ABC algorithm:
1. bee is led to search for:
It leads bee to search for field nectar source (field solution), generates new nectar source (more excellent solution):
In formula,The d dimension position of i-th honeybee, d is randomly selected dimension, h (h ≠ i) represent in bee colony with The honeybee of machine selection,Represent equally distributed random number in [- 1,1]；
2. bee is followed to search for:
It follows bee to carry out field search according to the nectar source information for leading bee to share, next nectar source is selected according to information, i-th The probability that honeybee is selected are as follows:
In formula, fiThe fitness function of i-th honeybee is represented, N represents population quantity；After determining target nectar source, every Follow bee that can update the position of oneself according to formula (4).
3. search bee is searched for:
If a honeybee runs out of a nectar source in preset the number of iterations, corresponding honeybee will be considered as being used for The search bee of random search, search bee search strategy are as follows:
In formula,WithIt is minimum and maximum position vector respectively, r is the random number in [0,1]；
4. solving objective function:
MPPT Controlling model in Step2 is solved using ABC algorithm, obtains current iteration F (Vpv)kValue, export this The duty ratio of iteration, output voltage and feeding back in the MPPT controller based on ABC algorithm prepares next time after IGBT is adjusted Iteration, until meeting the condition of convergence | F (Vpv)k-F(Vpv)k-1|≤ε；
Step5: after executing the ABC strategy in MPPT controller, corresponding duty ratio is exported；
Step6: gained duty ratio enters insulated gate bipolar transistor (insulate- after pulse width is modulated Gate bipolar transistor, IGBT), to adjust photovoltaic system output voltage, make photovoltaic array with illumination variation Steadily work at maximum power point.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention can realize that global maximum power tracks compared with traditional algorithm under shadowed condition, and fluctuation is small, is not easy Converge to local maximum power point；
2, for the present invention compared to for INC and PSO, search mechanisms are divided into three steps, are easy in the environment of variation high Realize MPPT in effect ground；
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic system power vs. voltage (P-V) performance diagram under shadowed condition of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the MPPT schematic diagram that the present invention realizes photovoltaic system；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention is temperature-resistant, when Spline smoothing occurs for intensity of illumination, is responded using the photovoltaic system of ABC algorithm Figure；
Fig. 5 is the present invention when temperature, intensity of illumination change, using the photovoltaic system response diagram of ABC algorithm.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1-3, photovoltaic system maximum power under a kind of shadowed condition based on artificial bee colony algorithm Tracking, firstly, establishing photovoltaic system model and MPPT Controlling model；Secondly, by the received intensity of illumination of photovoltaic system institute S, temperature T and output voltage, which are input in the MPPT controller of ABC, carries out optimizing repeatedly until algorithmic statement；Finally, by MPPT The optimal duty ratio of controller output obtains the optimal output voltage of photovoltaic system after being input to insulated gate bipolar transistor with reality Existing MPPT.
Specific steps are as follows:
Step1: photovoltaic system model is established；
Relationship between photovoltaic array output electric current and voltage can be described as:
In formula, IgIt is the photogenerated current that photovoltaic cell generates, IsIt is the reverse saturation current of photovoltaic cell, electron charge q= 1.60217733×10-19Cb, A are the ideal factor of diode, Boltzmann constant k=1.380658 × 10-23J/K, TcFor Temperature, VdcIt is photovoltaic output voltage, IpvIt is photovoltaic output electric current, RsIt is series resistance；
The photovoltaic cell saturation current I varied with temperaturesIt calculates as follows:
In formula, IRSBe specified intensity of illumination and at a temperature of photovoltaic cell reverse saturation current, EgIt is photovoltaic cell half Band-gap energy in conductor；
Step2: MPPT Controlling model is established；
The MPPT of photovoltaic system can be by adjusting photovoltaic system output voltage VpvIt realizes, due to the target of photovoltaic system It is to obtain maximum active power, therefore the MPPT Controlling model under shadowed condition can be described as:
In formula, F (Vpv) indicate objective function, VpvIt is photovoltaic system output voltage, IpvIt is photovoltaic system output electric current, Pout It is the active power of photovoltaic system,WithIt is the minimum and maximum output voltage of photovoltaic system respectively；
Step3: the intensity of illumination S and temperature T of acquisition photovoltaic array in real time；
Step4: by photovoltaic system received S, T and output voltage be input in the MPPT controller based on ABC algorithm, Wherein specific step is as follows for ABC algorithm:
1. bee is led to search for:
It leads bee to search for field nectar source, generates new nectar source:
In formula,The d dimension position of i-th honeybee, d is randomly selected dimension, h (h ≠ i) represent in bee colony with The honeybee of machine selection,Represent equally distributed random number in [- 1,1]；
2. bee is followed to search for:
It follows bee to carry out field search according to the nectar source information for leading bee to share, next nectar source is selected according to information, i-th The probability that honeybee is selected are as follows:
In formula, fiThe fitness function of i-th honeybee is represented, N represents population quantity；
3. search bee is searched for:
If a honeybee runs out of a nectar source in preset the number of iterations, corresponding honeybee will be considered as being used for The search bee of random search, search bee search strategy are as follows:
In formula,WithIt is minimum and maximum position vector respectively, r is the random number in [0,1]；
4. solving objective function:
MPPT Controlling model in Step2 is solved using ABC algorithm, obtains current iteration F (Vpv)kValue, export this The duty ratio of iteration, output voltage and feeding back in the MPPT controller based on ABC algorithm prepares next time after IGBT is adjusted Iteration, until meeting the condition of convergence | F (Vpv)k-F(Vpv)k-1|≤ε；
Step5: after executing the ABC strategy in MPPT controller, corresponding duty ratio is exported；
Step6: gained duty ratio enters insulated gate bipolar transistor after pulse width is modulated, to adjust photovoltaic System output voltage makes photovoltaic array steadily work at maximum power point with illumination variation.
In specific implementation, photovoltaic system parameter: T=25 DEG C of rated temperature, under peak power voltage and current be not Uref =18.47V and Iref=2.8A, inductance L=500mH, resistance R=200 Ω, capacitor C=1 μ F.
Maintain the temperature at 25 DEG C of constant, intensity of illumination variations of simulation four continuous steps of application on photovoltaic array.From Fig. 4 can converge to global maximum power point to fast and stable as it can be seen that the present invention is compared with INC and PSO.
Illumination simulation intensity and temperature change, as shown in figure 5, the present invention most can rapidly converge to maximum power point simultaneously With the smallest power swing.
In conjunction with attached drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned Embodiment within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art can also be before not departing from present inventive concept Put that various changes can be made.

Claims (2)

1.一种基于人工蜂群算法的阴影条件下光伏系统最大功率跟踪方法，其特征在于：首先，建立光伏系统模型和MPPT控制模型；其次，将光伏系统所接收的光照强度S、温度T和输出电压输入至ABC的MPPT控制器中进行反复寻优直至算法收敛；最后，将MPPT控制器输出的最优占空比输入至绝缘栅双极型晶体管后得到光伏系统最优输出电压以实现MPPT。1. A photovoltaic system maximum power tracking method under shaded conditions based on artificial bee colony algorithm, is characterized in that: at first, establish photovoltaic system model and MPPT control model; Secondly, the light intensity S that photovoltaic system receives, temperature T and The output voltage is input to the MPPT controller of ABC for repeated optimization until the algorithm converges; finally, the optimal output voltage of the photovoltaic system is obtained after inputting the optimal duty cycle output by the MPPT controller to the insulated gate bipolar transistor to realize MPPT . 2.根据权利要求1所述的基于人工蜂群算法的阴影条件下光伏系统最大功率跟踪方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：2. the photovoltaic system maximum power tracking method under the shadow condition based on artificial bee colony algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that concrete steps are: Step1：建立光伏系统模型；Step1: Establish a photovoltaic system model; 光伏阵列输出电流和电压之间的关系可描述为：The relationship between photovoltaic array output current and voltage can be described as: 式中，Ig是光伏电池产生的光生电流，Is是光伏电池的反向饱和电流，电子电荷q＝1.60217733×10-19Cb，A为二极管的理想因子，玻尔兹曼常数k＝1.380658×10-23 J/K，Tc为温度，Vdc是光伏输出电压，Ipv是光伏输出电流，Rs是串联电阻；In the formula, I g is the photogenerated current generated by the photovoltaic cell, I s is the reverse saturation current of the photovoltaic cell, the electronic charge q=1.60217733×10 -19 Cb, A is the ideality factor of the diode, and the Boltzmann constant k=1.380658 ×10-23 J/K, T c is the temperature, V dc is the photovoltaic output voltage, I pv is the photovoltaic output current, R s is the series resistance; 随温度变化的光伏电池饱和电流Is计算如下：The saturation current I s of the photovoltaic cell as a function of temperature is calculated as follows: 式中，IRS是在额定光照强度和温度下的光伏电池反向饱和电流，Eg是光伏电池半导体中带隙能；In the formula, I RS is the reverse saturation current of the photovoltaic cell under the rated light intensity and temperature, and E g is the band gap energy in the semiconductor of the photovoltaic cell; Step2：建立MPPT控制模型；Step2: Establish MPPT control model; 光伏系统的MPPT可以通过调节光伏系统输出电压Vpv来实现，由于光伏系统的目标是获得最大有功功率，因此阴影条件下的MPPT控制模型可以描述为：The MPPT of the photovoltaic system can be realized by adjusting the output voltage V pv of the photovoltaic system. Since the goal of the photovoltaic system is to obtain the maximum active power, the MPPT control model under shaded conditions can be described as: 式中，F(Vpv)表示目标函数，Vpv是光伏系统输出电压，Ipv是光伏系统输出电流，Pout是光伏系统的有功功率，和分别是光伏系统的最小和最大输出电压；In the formula, F(V pv ) represents the objective function, V pv is the output voltage of the photovoltaic system, I pv is the output current of the photovoltaic system, P out is the active power of the photovoltaic system, and are the minimum and maximum output voltages of the photovoltaic system, respectively; Step3：实时采集光伏阵列的光照强度S和温度T；Step3: Collect the light intensity S and temperature T of the photovoltaic array in real time; Step4：将光伏系统所接收的S、T和输出电压输入至基于ABC算法的MPPT控制器中，其中ABC算法具体步骤如下：Step4: Input the S, T and output voltage received by the photovoltaic system into the MPPT controller based on the ABC algorithm. The specific steps of the ABC algorithm are as follows: ①引领蜂搜索：① Leading Bee Search: 引领蜂对领域蜜源搜索，产生新蜜源：Leading bees to search for nectar sources in the field and generate new nectar sources: 式中，是第i只蜜蜂的第d维位置，d是随机选择的维度，h(h≠i)代表蜂群中随机选择的蜜蜂，代表[-1,1]中均匀分布的随机数；In the formula, is the d-th dimension position of the i-th bee, d is the randomly selected dimension, h(h≠i) represents the randomly selected bees in the bee colony, Represents a uniformly distributed random number in [-1,1]; ②跟随蜂搜索：②Follow bee search: 跟随蜂根据引领蜂分享的蜜源信息进行领域搜索，根据信息选择下一蜜源，第i只蜜蜂被选择的概率为：The follower bee conducts domain search based on the nectar source information shared by the leading bee, and selects the next nectar source based on the information. The probability that the i-th bee is selected is: 式中，fi代表第i只蜜蜂的适应度函数，N代表种群数量；In the formula, f i represents the fitness function of the i-th bee, and N represents the population size; ③侦察蜂搜索：③Scout bee search: 如果一只蜜蜂在预设的迭代次数中耗尽了一个蜜源，则相应的蜜蜂将被视为用于随机搜索的侦察蜂，侦察蜂搜索策略如下：If a bee exhausts a nectar source within a preset number of iterations, the corresponding bee will be regarded as a scout bee for random search, and the scout bee search strategy is as follows: 式中，和分别是最小和最大位置矢量，r是[0,1]中的随机数；In the formula, and are the minimum and maximum position vectors, r is a random number in [0,1]; ④求解目标函数：④ Solve the objective function: 采用ABC算法求解Step2中的MPPT控制模型，得到本次迭代F(Vpv)k的值，输出本次迭代的占空比，经IGBT调节后输出电压并反馈至基于ABC算法的MPPT控制器中准备下一次迭代，直至满足收敛条件|F(Vpv)k-F(Vpv)k-1|≤ε；Use the ABC algorithm to solve the MPPT control model in Step2, get the value of F(V pv ) k in this iteration, output the duty cycle of this iteration, and output the voltage after the IGBT adjustment and feed it back to the MPPT controller based on the ABC algorithm Prepare for the next iteration until the convergence condition |F(V pv ) k -F(V pv ) k-1 |≤ε is satisfied; Step5：经执行MPPT控制器中的ABC策略后，输出相应的占空比；Step5: After executing the ABC strategy in the MPPT controller, output the corresponding duty cycle; Step6：所得占空比经过脉冲宽度调制后进入绝缘栅双极型晶体管，从而调节光伏系统输出电压，使光伏阵列随着光照变化稳定地工作在最大功率点处。Step6: The obtained duty cycle is pulse width modulated and then entered into the insulated gate bipolar transistor to adjust the output voltage of the photovoltaic system, so that the photovoltaic array can work stably at the maximum power point as the light changes.
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CN115030858A (en) * 2022-05-16 2022-09-09 西安交通大学 Distributed ocean current energy water turbine control power generation system based on cluster intelligent optimization
CN115437451A (en) * 2022-09-01 2022-12-06 三峡大学 Photovoltaic MPPT control method based on multi-strategy improved artificial bee colony algorithm
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Application publication date: 20191022