CN110361456A - A kind of rail examination signal occurs and processing method - Google Patents
A kind of rail examination signal occurs and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110361456A CN110361456A CN201910662141.2A CN201910662141A CN110361456A CN 110361456 A CN110361456 A CN 110361456A CN 201910662141 A CN201910662141 A CN 201910662141A CN 110361456 A CN110361456 A CN 110361456A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4454—Signal recognition, e.g. specific values or portions, signal events, signatures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of generation of rail examination signal and processing methods, the following steps are included: pulse initial time, transmit cycle and the delay time of the high pressure activation signal in each channel are arranged by host computer parameter setting module, and it is downloaded to real-time controller；S20) real-time controller emits the corresponding control pulse of pulse sequence control module generation by bus marco；S30) transmitting pulse sequence control module controls pulse number and the period that ultrasonic action generation module exports high pressure activation signal by output control pulse；S40) ultrasonic action generation module output high pressure activation signal function in ultrasonic chip and generates ultrasonic signal, which is incident to rail.The present invention, which is able to solve existing rail examination signal generation and processing method, to be caused to judge by accident due to noise, the not high technical problem of hurt precision and efficiency of detecting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic flaw detection technical fields, believe more particularly, to a kind of rail examination with marking signal
Number occur and processing method, can be applied to include rail examination, ship flaw detection, aviation detect a flaw etc. including technical field.
Background technique
Large-scale ultrasonic rail inspection car is the common detection instrument for detecting hurt inside rail, large-scale wheeled rail
Inspection car is based on ultrasonic reflection principle, and the ultrasonic quarter wave plate 14 visited in wheel 300, the ultrasound letter of generation are excited using high voltage stimulating pulses
Number through spy wheel liquid, wheel film, coupling liquid layer be incident to rail 400, propagation path of the ultrasonic chip of different angle in rail
Difference, as shown in Fig. 1.Ultrasonic signal is propagated in rail, encounters hurt or rail bottom then returns, the ultrasonic echo letter of return
Number by Digital Signal Processing formed hurt graphical information.
The rail examination detection system 200 of rail-defect detector car 100 generally has A type show to show two figure windows with Type B
Mouth is to sentence wound.Wherein, A type is shown through oscilloscope display ultrasonic echo analog signal, and Type B is shown through image intuitively
Show rail internal ultrasonic signal reflex point information, as shown in Fig. 2.Currently, the A type of domestic rail-defect detector car 100 is shown and B
Type, which is shown, to be separated, and A type show because channel more (ultrasonic chip usually has eight kinds of incident angles), data volume are big, is shown and not to be protected
It deposits.And A type is shown comprising many useful information, and such as: whether the amplitude of echo-signal, pumping signal have hangover, excitation letter
Time-domain value number apart from interface reflection signal determines whether rail level situation, centering are good to flaw detection personnel, visits whether wheel filling liquid fills
Enough, wheel etc. whether is broken to be of great significance.If these useful informations cannot be saved, A type shows that data can only be as detection
Reference when operation, and cannot function as reference when staff carries out the display data readback of rail defects and failures Type B, it will affect hurt
The precision of judgement increases rate of false alarm, to directly affect flaw detection effect.
The form of ultrasonic high pressure excitation is varied, and the excitation waveform that ultrasonic inspection detection system uses at present mainly has
Negative sharp pulse (as shown in I in attached drawing 3), square-wave pulse (as shown in II in attached drawing 3), bipolarity tuning pulse are (III in such as attached drawing 3
It is shown), step pulse (as shown in IV in attached drawing 3).Wherein, negative sharp pulse circuit ultrasonic exciting is in seamed high-speed steel rail carrying out flaw detection
Have following deficiency in use: (1) amplitude of driving voltage depends on the charging voltage of capacitor, affected by various factors, excitation electricity
The amplitude of pressure is unstable, and repeatability is bad.(2) it being influenced by capacitor charge and discharge speed, the repetition rate of measurement is restricted,
When measuring repetition rate increase, the amplitude of driving voltage can decline.Compared to negative sharp pulse, square-wave pulse excitation ultrasound probe
The ultrasonic energy of generation is the superposition that two sharp pulses motivate obtained ultrasonic energy under the same terms, thus identical voltage and
The detection signal amplitude that square-wave pulse motivates under pulse recurrence frequency is bigger than sharp pulse.
By taking rail-defect detector car as an example, after single ultrasonic cleaning high pressure driving pulse exciting wafer, the reflection echo received passes through
Processing, A show waveform (as shown in Fig. 4) necessarily single beam sharp pulse signal.Since the actually detected middle a large amount of interference of presence is made an uproar
Sound wave, some noises can be effectively removed by filter, and some noise signals, such as: Wheel Rail Contact noise etc., these are dry
Wave frequency rate is disturbed in the spectral range of echo, filter is difficult to effectively filter out, after interference signal is handled by fault detection system reception, most
It is also eventually single beam pulse waveform signal.In this case, actually active echo-signal is easily mutually obscured with interference wave, and fault detection system is difficult
Effectively to identify effective echo-signal, situations such as be easy to causeing leakage wound, judge by accident.Current rail examination detection system 200 is logical
The form progress rail tunneling boring carrying out flaw detection that gate is superimposed in ultrasound echo signal is crossed, each gate corresponds to inside rail
Detection zone, each gate separately adjustable can control.But consider rail detection range, this gate is unsuitable too small, therefore system is drawn
The noise interferences (such as: wheel-rail noise signal) entered are easily fallen within the scope of gate.In practical carrying out flaw detection, on Type B figure
Signal correspond to A show the corresponding gate of echo-signal in useful signal.Be useful signal section in gate, in section if there is
In the presence of the multiple single beam pulses for being more than threshold level, then (i.e. with first in monitor gate single beam pulse more than threshold level
Monitor gate region in attached drawing 4) it is propagation time of ultrasonic echo calculating benchmark point, regardless of it is effective ultrasound echo signal
Or noise interferences.Type B, which is shown, in this way can generate many invalid noise interferences points, and effectively have can for echo-signal
It can be buried in noise, can not effectively be identified by system, leakage is easily caused to hurt and judge by accident.Meanwhile also increasing the number that Type B is shown
According to amount, possible data congestion hidden danger is brought to system.
Single ultrasonic cleaning high pressure driving pulse (as shown in A in attached drawing 4) can generate single beam pulse echo, the echo be possible to
Appearing in gate simultaneously more than the noise of gate threshold value (is respectively boundary wave gate, monitoring as shown in A0, A1, A2 in attached drawing 4
Gate and bottom wave gate).On a timeline relative to initial pulse reference point, if noise before ultrasonic echo, can be by
It is reflected as a hurt, and temporal information is the depth of corresponding rail, noise can be shown in closer to rail table on Type B figure
The position in face, it is inconsistent with practical hurt depth, influence hurt differentiation.In addition, if without hurt echo only noise,
It can equally be shown on Type B figure, may cause to judge by accident at this time.Therefore, noise directly influences signal on ultrasound detection Type B figure
Display and the differentiation of hurt.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of generation of rail examination signal and processing method, it is existing to solve
There is rail examination signal to occur and processing method may cause to judge by accident due to noise, the not high technology of hurt precision and efficiency of detecting
Problem.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention specifically provides a kind of rail examination signal and occurs and processing method
Technic relization scheme, a kind of rail examination method, comprising the following steps:
S10) pulse initial time, the hair of the high pressure activation signal in each channel are set by host computer parameter setting module
Period and delay time are penetrated, and is downloaded to real-time controller；
S20) real-time controller emits the corresponding control pulse of pulse sequence control module generation by bus marco；
S30) the transmitting pulse sequence control module controls ultrasonic action generation module output by output control pulse
The pulse number of high pressure activation signal and period；
S40) the ultrasonic action generation module output high pressure activation signal function in ultrasonic chip and generates ultrasonic signal,
The ultrasonic signal is incident to rail.
Further, in the step S10) in, for the high pressure activation signal in single channel, joined by the host computer
The setting of number setup module, the period of control ultrasonic action generation module interval setting continuously emit high pressure more than twice and swash
Pulse is encouraged, first time high voltage stimulating pulses correspond to the initial pulse of ultrasonic signal, second and later high voltage stimulating pulses
Index pulse corresponding to ultrasonic signal.
Preferably, different from second and later high voltage stimulating pulses periodicity for the first time.
Further, using M period, immediately N number of period controls pulse input to the transmitting pulse sequence control module
Mode, control ultrasonic action generation module generation amplitude is identical, and two kinds of pulses that the period is different, corresponds respectively to ultrasonic signal
In amplitude it is identical, and the initial pulse and index pulse that pulsewidth is different.The ultrasonic signal that the ultrasound chip generates is by originating
Pulse, and the immediately more than one index pulse composition after the initial pulse.
Further, ultrasound echo signal is generated after ultrasonic signal incidence rail, by the initial pulse and index pulse
The ultrasound echo signal of excitation is grouped together into the waveform with fixed character.The waveform of the fixed character is with multimodal
Interface echo, hurt echo and the rail bottom echo of echo character, and the time interval at the identical amplitude of multimodal echo is identical, it is more
The wave crest quantity of peak echo is the sum of the initial pulse and the quantity of index pulse.
Further, using M period, immediately N number of period controls pulse input to the transmitting pulse sequence control module
Mode, control two kinds of amplitudes of ultrasonic action generation module generation are identical, but the pulse that pulsewidth is different, correspond respectively to ultrasonic signal
In initial pulse and index pulse.The ultrasonic signal that the ultrasound chip generates is by initial pulse, and the immediately starting arteries and veins
Index pulse composition after punching.It is grouped together by the ultrasound echo signal that the initial pulse is excited with index pulse
Waveform with fixed character, the waveform of the fixed character are that interface echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo all have bimodal time
Wave characteristic, and the time interval at the identical amplitude of the bimodal echo is identical.
Further, the method also includes:
S50 ultrasound echo signal) is generated after ultrasonic signal incidence rail, by carrying out time survey to ultrasound echo signal
Amount distinguishes the ultrasound echo signal with multimodal echo character with noise pulse, and according to the angle of ultrasonic chip difference
Respectively by the noise filtering between ultrasonic signal and interface echo, interface echo and hurt echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo
Completely, Type B is made to show that the hurt reflection echo for only retaining needs in image, bolt hole reflection involve rail bottom back wave.
Further, the ultrasonic action generation module generates high pressure activation signal using positive or negative high voltage excitation, makes ultrasound
The amplitude of echo-signal is cumulative, to enhance the energy of ultrasound echo signal.
Preferably, number of pulses M, N of the high pressure activation signal is 2~5 periods.
Further, the step S30) include:
Emit pulse sequence control module and generates control pulse successively through positive drive module, positive pulse control module and P
High pressure activation positive pulse signal is exported after type field-effect tube.Emit pulse sequence control module and generates control pulse successively through cathode
High pressure activation undersuing is exported after drive module, negative pulse control module and N-type field-effect tube, to form output to institute
State the positive or negative high voltage pumping signal of ultrasonic chip.The positive high voltage generation module provides positive high voltage for p-type field-effect tube, described negative
High pressure generation module provides negative high voltage for N-type field-effect tube.
Further, the method also includes:
Impulse amplitude by changing high pressure activation signal increases the identification tag information of ultrasound echo signal.
Further, the method also includes:
Pulse width by changing high pressure activation signal increases the identification tag information of ultrasound echo signal.
By implementing the technical solution of the generation of rail examination signal and processing method that aforementioned present invention provides, have as follows
The utility model has the advantages that
(1) rail examination signal generation of the present invention and processing method, to piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer within each triggering period
(ultrasonic chip) motivates more than twice, i.e. generation initial pulse and index pulse, by cloning to ultrasonic excitation signal, increases
Distinguishing mark pulse is added, convenient for effective identification of ultrasonic echo, and has filtered out noise therein, it is dry to effectively reduce noise
It disturbs, improves hurt discrimination；
(2) rail examination signal generation of the present invention and processing method, can have been filtered out by the measurement of simple time
Initial pulse and interface echo, interface echo and hurt echo, the noise between hurt echo and Bottom echo, so as to make rail
Type B figure interface holding of detecting a flaw is clean, and excludes influence of the noise to display, significantly reduces the False Rate of rail defects and failures, improves
The precision and efficiency of detection；
(3) rail examination signal generation of the present invention and processing method, by increase high voltage stimulating pulses quantity, and are increasing
Change on the basis of the driving pulse quantity that adds high pressure wherein the modes such as amplitude, pulsewidth of high voltage stimulating pulses to increase echo mark
Information is as supplementary means, to filter the noise between initial pulse and echo impulse, can further increase rail defects and failures
Detect effect；
(4) rail examination signal of the present invention occurs and processing method, ultrasonic excitation signal mostly use greatly positive and negative square-wave pulse
Form, positive and negative square-wave pulse have the advantages that the controllability of square-wave pulse, and excitation amplitude voltage stabilization also there is bipolarity to tune arteries and veins
The tuning characteristic of punching can greatly improve the amplitude of detection signal.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described.It should be evident that the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Other embodiments are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of existing ultrasonic rail flaw detection signal generation and processing unit；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the Type B display interface of existing ultrasonic rail flaw detection signal generation and processing unit；
Fig. 3 is four kinds of ultrasonic excitation signal waveform diagrams of existing ultrasonic rail method of detection；
Fig. 4 is the program flow diagram of rail examination signal generation of the present invention and processing method；
Fig. 5 is that existing ultrasonic rail flaw detection signal occurs and the 0 degree of ultrasonic chip pumping signal and A type of processing method are aobvious
Show the waveform diagram of signal；
Fig. 6 is the structure group of the generation of rail examination signal and a kind of specific embodiment of processing unit based on the method for the present invention
At block diagram；
Fig. 7 is that ultrasound swashs in the generation of rail examination signal and a kind of specific embodiment of processing unit based on the method for the present invention
Encourage the structure composition block diagram of generation circuit；
Fig. 8 is band excitation marking signal in rail examination signal generation of the present invention and a kind of specific embodiment of processing method
0 degree of chip A shows waveform diagram；
Fig. 9 is in rail examination signal generation of the present invention and processing method specific embodiment with various excitation marking signals
A show initial pulse and mark waveform diagram；
In figure: 1- host computer parameter setting module, 2- real-time controller, 3- emit pulse sequence control module, 4- ultrasound
Motivate generation module, 5- ultrasound chip, 6- high/low-voltage isolation circuit, 7- amplifier and output buffer, 8- conditioning circuit, 9- mould
Number conversion circuit, 10- digital signal processing module, 11- D/A converting circuit, 12-A type display module, 13- host computer, 14-B
Type display module, 41- anode drive module, 42- positive pulse control module, 43- cathode drive module, 44- negative pulse control mould
Block, 45- positive high voltage generation module, 46-P type field-effect tube, 47-N type field-effect tube, 48- negative high voltage generation module, 100- rail
Inspection car, 200- rail examination detection system, 300- visit wheel, 400- rail.
Specific embodiment
A is aobvious: by a kind of display mode of oscilloscope display ultrasonic echo signal, horizontal direction is the time of signal
Amount, vertical direction are the amplitude of signal；
B is aobvious: a kind of display mode of rail internal flaw ultrasonic reflections point information is intuitively shown by image, it is horizontal
Direction is the mileage position of ultrasonic reflection point, and vertical direction is the buried depth of reflection point；
FPGA:Field Programmable Gate Array, the abbreviation of field programmable gate array.
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is only
It is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field
Art personnel all other embodiment obtained without creative efforts belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
As shown in attached drawing 5 to attached drawing 9, the generation of rail examination signal and the specific implementation of processing method of the present invention are given
Example, the present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 4, the embodiment of a kind of rail examination signal generation and processing method, specifically includes the following steps:
S10) by host computer parameter setting module 1 be arranged each channel high pressure activation signal pulse initial time,
Transmit cycle and delay time, and be downloaded to real-time controller 2；
S20) real-time controller 2 generates corresponding control pulse by bus marco transmitting pulse sequence control module 3；
S30) transmitting pulse sequence control module 3 controls ultrasonic action generation module 4 by output control pulse and exports height
Press pulse number and the period of pumping signal；
S40) ultrasonic action generation module 4 exports high pressure activation signal function and in ultrasonic chip 5 and generates ultrasonic signal, should
Ultrasonic signal is incident to rail 400.
In step S10), for the high pressure activation signal in single channel, pass through setting for host computer parameter setting module 1
It sets, the period of control ultrasonic action generation module 4 interval setting continuously emits high voltage stimulating pulses more than twice, for the first time
High voltage stimulating pulses correspond to the initial pulse (as shown in A in attached drawing 8) of ultrasonic signal, second and later high pressure activation arteries and veins
Punching corresponds to the index pulse of ultrasonic signal, different from second and later high voltage stimulating pulses periodicity for the first time, in this way
The accuracy of hurt detection can further be promoted.Certainly, for the first time with second and later high voltage stimulating pulses periodicity
It is identical also to can be achieved on the object of the invention.As shown in Fig. 8, in the present embodiment, ultrasonic action generation module 4 interval is set
The fixed period continuously emits high voltage stimulating pulses twice, and first time high voltage stimulating pulses correspond to the starting arteries and veins of ultrasonic signal
It rushes (as shown in A in attached drawing 8), second of high voltage stimulating pulses corresponds to the index pulse of ultrasonic signal (such as E institute in attached drawing 8
Show), it is different from secondary high voltage stimulating pulses periodicity for the first time.
Emit pulse sequence control module 3 by the way of M period immediately N number of period control pulse input, control is super
The generation of acoustically-driven generation module 4 amplitude is identical, and two pulses that the period is different, corresponds respectively to amplitude phase in ultrasonic signal
Together, and the different initial pulse and index pulse of pulsewidth.The ultrasonic signal that ultrasonic chip 5 generates rises by initial pulse, and immediately
Index pulse composition after initial pulse.By increasing index pulse by the initial pulse of ultrasonic excitation signal, by starting arteries and veins
The ultrasound echo signal of punching and index pulse excitation is grouped together into the waveform with fixed character.Due to initial pulse with
Off time between index pulse is fixed several μ s, therefore the time interval at the identical amplitude of bimodal echo is the same
, the waveform of the fixed character is interface echo (as shown in B in attached drawing 8), hurt echo (as shown in C in attached drawing 8) and rail bottom
Echo (as shown in D in attached drawing 8) all has bimodal echo character (as shown in G in attached drawing 8), and at the identical amplitude of the bimodal echo
Time interval it is identical (as shown in Fig. 8, time t1=t2=t3).It is easy to pass through time quantum using Digital Signal Processing
The pulse of itself and noise is distinguished in measurement, respectively can be believed ultrasonic action according to the angle difference of ultrasonic chip 5 after differentiation
Noise filtering number between interface echo, interface echo and hurt echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo is clean, keeps Type B aobvious
Show the useful signal for only retaining and needing, i.e. hurt reflection echo, bolt hole back wave, rail bottom back wave etc..Such as attached drawing 6 and attached drawing
Shown in 7, in the present embodiment, using three periods, immediately two periods control pulse input to transmitting pulse sequence control module 3
Mode, control ultrasonic action generation module 4 generates that two kinds of amplitudes are identical, but the pulse that pulsewidth is different corresponds respectively to ultrasound
Initial pulse and index pulse in signal.
Rail examination signal occurs and processing method further comprises:
S50 ultrasound echo signal) is generated after ultrasonic signal incidence rail 400, by carrying out the time to ultrasound echo signal
Measurement distinguishes the ultrasound echo signal with multimodal echo character with noise pulse, and not according to the angle of ultrasonic chip 5
With respectively by the noise filter between ultrasonic signal and interface echo, interface echo and hurt echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo
Except clean, make Type B show only retain the hurt reflection echo needed in image, bolt hole reflection involves rail bottom back wave.
Rail examination signal occur and processing unit further include high/low-voltage isolation circuit 6, amplifier and output buffer 7,
Conditioning circuit 8, analog to digital conversion circuit 9, digital signal processing module 10 and D/A converting circuit 11.Ultrasonic chip 5 receives ultrasound
Echo-signal, the signal successively pass through high/low-voltage isolation circuit 6, amplifier and output buffer 7, conditioning circuit 8, analog-to-digital conversion
Treated ultrasonic echo digital signal is exported to digital signal processing module 10 after circuit 9.Digital signal processing module 10
(its function can be realized based on FPGA) carries out time measurement to treated ultrasound echo signal, will have bimodal echo special
The ultrasound echo signal and noise pulse of sign are distinguished, and according to the angle difference of ultrasonic chip 5 respectively by ultrasonic signal and boundary
Noise (as shown in F in attached drawing 8) between face echo, interface echo and hurt echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo filters out dry
Only, Type B is made to show that the hurt reflection echo for only retaining needs in image, bolt hole reflection involve rail bottom back wave.Believe through number
Number processing module 10 treated ultrasonic echo digital signal all the way through D/A converting circuit 11 export to A type display module 12 into
Row display, another way are exported again to Type B display module 14 after the processing of host computer 13 and are shown.As shown in Fig. 8, with 0 degree
For ultrasound (piezoelectricity) chip 5 in channel, initial pulse and interface echo, interface echo and hurt echo, wound are filtered out respectively
Noise between damage echo and Bottom echo can make Type B display interface keep clean, exclude the influence that noise is shown, reduce hurt
False Rate improves precision and efficiency of detecting.Generation module 4 is motivated by ultrasound, high pressure activation signal is generated using positive or negative high voltage excitation,
Keep the amplitude of ultrasound echo signal cumulative, to enhance the energy of ultrasound echo signal, number of pulses M, N of high pressure activation signal is
2~5 periods.Rail examination signal occurs and processing unit is by being motivated by ultrasound the generation high voltage stimulating pulses of generation circuit 4,
(ultrasonic wave) high voltage stimulating pulses have reapective features, such as ultrasonic transducer (the i.e. ultrasonic chip to different angle acoustic beam
5) ultrasonic frequency is different, and ultrasonic wave is motivated using positive or negative high voltage, keeps ultrasonic echo signal cumulative, enhances backward energy,
High voltage stimulating pulses are generally 2~3 periods.Meanwhile ultrasound (wave pressure electricity) chip 5 requires under positive and negative volt pulse excitations up to a hundred
It is able to achieve stronger ultrasound echo signal, different high voltage stimulating pulses act on ultrasonic chip 5, generate different ultrasounds and return
Wave signal.Transmitting pulse sequence control module 3 generates positive negative control pulse control ultrasonic action 4 (i.e. ultrasonic cleaning high pressure of generation module
Generation circuit is motivated, function can be realized based on FPGA) high-voltage pulse (i.e. high pressure activation signal) is generated, it is controlled by changing
The periodicity of pulse, the high-voltage pulse adjustable pulse width that A type is shown.Meanwhile changing high voltage stimulating pulses (i.e. ultrasonic excitation signal)
Emitting times, be separated by several μ s and continuously emit high voltage stimulating pulses twice, the periodicity of single pulse is different.Two sub-high pressures swash
Pulsion phase is encouraged every several μ s, then ultrasound echo signal is shown as the superposition of twice return envelope, there is apparent flag sign, than
Such as multimodal.In addition, when single high voltage stimulating pulses are different, for example change the transmit cycle number of input control pulse, using three
The mode of and then two periods control pulse input of a period, then it is equal to generate two amplitudes, but the different arteries and veins of pulsewidth
Punching, respectively initial pulse and index pulse, initial pulse and the incident rail 400 of index pulse sequence, the packet of twice return
Network can be superimposed, and form is different, as shown in Fig. 8.
Step S30) further comprise:
Emit pulse sequence control module 3 and generates control pulse successively through positive drive module 41, positive pulse control module
42 and p-type field-effect tube 46 after export high pressure activation positive pulse signal.Emit pulse sequence control module 3 generate control pulse according to
It is secondary that high pressure activation undersuing is exported after cathode drive module 43, negative pulse control module 44 and N-type field-effect tube 47, from
And form the positive or negative high voltage pumping signal of output to ultrasonic chip 5.Positive high voltage generation module 45 is that p-type field-effect tube 46 provides just
High pressure, negative high voltage generation module 48 are that N-type field-effect tube 47 provides negative high voltage.
As shown in Fig. 9, using three periods, immediately two periods control pulse input to transmitting pulse sequence control module 3
Mode, control ultrasonic action generation module 4 generates that amplitude is identical, and two kinds of pulses that the period is different correspond respectively to ultrasound
Amplitude in signal is identical, and the initial pulse and index pulse that pulsewidth is different.By increasing index pulse quantity, ultrasonic chip
By initial pulse, and immediately, the more than one index pulse after initial pulse (can pass through expansion to 5 ultrasonic signals generated
The quantity of high voltage stimulating pulses is realized) composition.Ultrasound echo signal is generated after ultrasonic signal incidence rail 400, by initial pulse
The waveform with fixed character is grouped together into the ultrasound echo signal of index pulse excitation.The waveform of the fixed character
To be returned with the interface of multimodal echo character (the wave crest quantity of multimodal echo is the sum of the quantity of initial pulse and index pulse)
Wave, hurt echo and rail bottom echo, and the time interval at the identical amplitude of multimodal echo is identical.Rail examination signal occur and
Processing unit can also further increase the distinguishing mark of ultrasound echo signal by changing the impulse amplitude of high pressure activation signal
Information.Rail examination signal occurs and processing unit can also further be increased by changing the pulse width of high pressure activation signal
The identification tag information of ultrasound echo signal.Three of the above mode, can by the identification tag information of increase ultrasound echo signal
The detection effect of rail defects and failures is substantially improved.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Fig. 6, a kind of generation of rail examination signal and the implementation of processing unit based on 1 the method for embodiment
Example, specifically includes:
Host computer parameter setting module 1, real-time controller 2, transmitting pulse sequence control module 3 and ultrasonic action generate mould
Block 4.Pulse initial time, the transmit cycle of the high pressure activation signal in each channel are set by host computer parameter setting module 1
And delay time, and be downloaded to real-time controller 2.Real-time controller 2 emits pulse sequence by bus marco and controls mould
Block 3 generates corresponding control pulse, which is motivated by ultrasound the pulse that generation module 4 exports high pressure activation signal
In the several and period, the high pressure activation signal function is in ultrasonic chip 5 (i.e. piezoelectric transducer) and generates ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic signal
It is incident to rail 400.Ultrasound echo signal is after the electric signal of inverse piezoelectric effect is received by ultrasonic chip 6, by high-low pressure
Digital signal processing module 10 is sent into after the processing such as isolation, signal condition, analog-to-digital conversion (specifically can realize its function using FPGA
Can), digital signal processing module 10 is sent to A type display module 12 after signal filtering, envelope detection, gate addition, simultaneously
Extracting time information, hurt information are uploaded to host computer 13 and use for Type B display module 14, as shown in Fig. 6.
For the high pressure activation signal in single channel, pass through the setting of host computer parameter setting module 1, control ultrasonic action
The period of the interval of generation module 4 setting continuously emits high voltage stimulating pulses more than twice, first time high voltage stimulating pulses pair
Should be in the initial pulse of ultrasonic signal, second and later high voltage stimulating pulses correspond to the index pulse of ultrasonic signal.Its
In, transmitting pulse sequence control module 3 is by the way of M period immediately N number of period control pulse input, control ultrasonic action
It is identical that generation module 4 generates amplitude, and two kinds of pulses that the period is different, and it is identical to correspond respectively to amplitude in ultrasonic signal, and arteries and veins
The different initial pulse of width and index pulse.The ultrasonic signal that ultrasonic chip 5 generates by initial pulse, and immediately initial pulse it
More than one index pulse composition afterwards.Generate ultrasound echo signal after ultrasonic signal incidence rail 400, by initial pulse with
The ultrasound echo signal of index pulse excitation is grouped together into the waveform with fixed character.The waveform of the fixed character is
Interface echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo with multimodal echo character, and between the time at the identical amplitude of multimodal echo
Every identical, the wave crest quantity of multimodal echo is the sum of the initial pulse and the quantity of index pulse.
As a kind of typical specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in attached drawing 5 to attached drawing 8, transmitting pulse sequence controls mould
For block 3 by the way of three periods immediately two period control pulse inputs, control ultrasonic action generation module 4 generates amplitude phase
Together, and period different two pulses, correspond respectively to that amplitude in ultrasonic signal is identical, and the initial pulse and mark that pulsewidth is different
Will pulse.The ultrasonic signal that ultrasonic chip 5 generates is by initial pulse, and the immediately index pulse composition after initial pulse.By
Initial pulse and the ultrasound echo signal of index pulse excitation are grouped together into the waveform with fixed character, and the fixation is special
The waveform of sign is that interface echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo all have bimodal echo character, and the identical amplitude of the bimodal echo
The time interval at place is identical.
As shown in Fig. 6, ultrasonic action generation module 4 generates high pressure activation signal using positive or negative high voltage excitation, makes ultrasound
The amplitude of echo-signal is cumulative, to enhance the energy of ultrasound echo signal.Rail examination signal occurs and processing unit further includes
High/low-voltage isolation circuit 6, amplifier and output buffer 7, conditioning circuit 8, analog to digital conversion circuit 9, digital signal processing module
10 and D/A converting circuit 11.Ultrasonic chip 5 receives ultrasound echo signal, which successively passes through high/low-voltage isolation circuit 6, fortune
Put and output buffer 7, conditioning circuit 8, analog to digital conversion circuit 9 after exported to digital signal processing module 10 it is treated
Ultrasonic echo digital signal.Digital signal processing module 10 (its function can be realized based on FPGA) returns treated ultrasound
Wave signal carries out time measurement, the ultrasound echo signal with bimodal echo character is distinguished with noise pulse, and according to super
The angle difference of sound chip 5 respectively returns ultrasonic signal and interface echo, interface echo and hurt echo, hurt echo and rail bottom
Noise (as shown in F in attached drawing 8) between wave filter out completely make Type B show image in only retain need hurt reflection echo,
Bolt hole reflection involves rail bottom back wave.Through treated the ultrasonic echo digital signal of digital signal processing module 10 all the way through number
The output of analog conversion circuit 11 to A type display module 12 is shown that another way is exported to Type B again after the processing of host computer 13 and shown
Module 14 is shown.
As shown in Fig. 7, ultrasonic action generation module 4 further comprises positive drive module 41, positive pulse control module
42, cathode drive module 43, negative pulse control module 44, positive high voltage generation module 45, p-type field-effect tube 46, N-type field-effect tube
47 and negative high voltage generation module 48.Positive high voltage generation module 45 is that p-type field-effect tube 46 provides positive high voltage, negative high voltage generation module
48 provide negative high voltage for N-type field-effect tube 47.Emit pulse sequence control module 3 and generates control pulse successively through anode driving mould
High pressure activation positive pulse signal is exported after block 41, positive pulse control module 42 and p-type field-effect tube 46.Emit pulse sequence control
Module 3 generates control pulse and successively exports height after cathode drive module 43, negative pulse control module 44 and N-type field-effect tube 47
Pressure excitation undersuing, to form the positive or negative high voltage pumping signal of output to ultrasonic chip 5.
As shown in Fig. 9, by the impulse amplitude for increasing index pulse quantity, changing high pressure activation signal, and change
The modes such as the pulse width of high pressure activation signal can further increase the identification tag information of ultrasound echo signal, substantially to mention
Rise the detection effect of rail defects and failures.Such as: when increasing index pulse quantity, the ultrasonic signal that ultrasonic chip 5 generates is by starting arteries and veins
Punching, and the immediately more than one index pulse after initial pulse (can be realized by expanding the quantity of high voltage stimulating pulses)
Composition.Ultrasound echo signal is generated after ultrasonic signal incidence rail 400, by the ultrasonic echo of initial pulse and index pulse excitation
Signal is grouped together into the waveform with fixed character.The waveform of the fixed character is with multimodal echo character (multimodal
The wave crest quantity of echo be the sum of initial pulse and the quantity of index pulse) interface echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo, and
Time interval at the identical amplitude of multimodal echo is identical.
It can be referring in particular to the associated description of embodiment 1, herein no longer about the more detailed technical solution of rest part
It repeats.
Rail examination signal by implementing specific embodiment of the invention description occurs and the technical solution of processing method, energy
Enough have the following technical effects:
(1) generation of rail examination signal and processing method of specific embodiment of the invention description, within each triggering period
More than twice to piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (ultrasonic chip) excitation, i.e. generation initial pulse and index pulse, by swashing to ultrasound
It encourages signal to be cloned, increases distinguishing mark pulse, convenient for effective identification of ultrasonic echo, and filter out noise therein,
Noise jamming is effectively reduced, hurt discrimination is improved；
(2) generation of rail examination signal and processing method of specific embodiment of the invention description, is surveyed by the simple time
Amount can filter out initial pulse and interface echo, interface echo and hurt echo, between hurt echo and Bottom echo
Noise so as to make rail examination Type B figure interface keep clean, and excludes influence of the noise to display, significantly reduces rail
The False Rate of hurt improves the precision and efficiency of detection；
(3) generation of rail examination signal and processing method of specific embodiment of the invention description, passes through and increases high pressure activation
Number of pulses, and change on the basis of increasing high voltage stimulating pulses quantity the amplitude, pulsewidth etc. of wherein high voltage stimulating pulses
Mode is to increase echo flag information as supplementary means, to filter the noise between initial pulse and echo impulse, Neng Goujin
The detection effect of one step raising rail defects and failures；
(4) the rail examination signal of specific embodiment of the invention description occurs and processing method, ultrasonic excitation signal are most
Using positive and negative square-wave pulse form, positive and negative square-wave pulse has the advantages that the controllability of square-wave pulse, excitation amplitude voltage stabilization,
Tuning characteristic also with bipolarity tuning pulse, can greatly improve the amplitude of detection signal.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with it is other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not intended to limit the present invention in any form.Though
So the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, and however, it is not intended to limit the invention.It is any to be familiar with those skilled in the art
Member, in the case where not departing from Spirit Essence of the invention and technical solution, all using in the methods and techniques of the disclosure above
Appearance makes many possible changes and modifications or equivalent example modified to equivalent change to technical solution of the present invention.Therefore,
Anything that does not depart from the technical scheme of the invention are made to the above embodiment any simple according to the technical essence of the invention
Modification, equivalent replacement, equivalence changes and modification still fall within the range of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rail examination method, which comprises the following steps:
S10) pulse initial time, the hair of the high pressure activation signal in each channel are set by host computer parameter setting module (1)
Period and delay time are penetrated, and is downloaded to real-time controller (2)；
S20) real-time controller (2) generates corresponding control arteries and veins by bus marco transmitting pulse sequence control module (3)
Punching；
S30) the transmitting pulse sequence control module (3) is defeated by output control pulse control ultrasonic action generation module (4)
The pulse number of high pressure activation signal and period out；
S40) ultrasonic action generation module (4) the output high pressure activation signal function in ultrasonic chip (5) and generates ultrasonic letter
Number, which is incident to rail (400).
2. rail examination method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step S10) in, for individually leading to
The high pressure activation signal in road passes through the setting of the host computer parameter setting module (1), control ultrasonic action generation module (4)
The period of interval setting continuously emits high voltage stimulating pulses more than twice, and first time high voltage stimulating pulses correspond to ultrasound letter
Number initial pulse, second and later high voltage stimulating pulses correspond to the index pulse of ultrasonic signal.
3. rail examination method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the transmitting pulse sequence control module
(3) by the way of M period immediately N number of period control pulse input, control ultrasonic action generation module (4) generates amplitude phase
Together, period different two kinds of pulses, the amplitude corresponded respectively in ultrasonic signal is identical, and the different initial pulse of pulsewidth and
Index pulse；The ultrasonic signal that the ultrasound chip (5) generates is by initial pulse, and immediately one after the initial pulse
Above index pulse composition.
4. rail examination method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: ultrasonic signal incidence rail (400) generates afterwards
Ultrasound echo signal is grouped together into have and be fixed by the ultrasound echo signal of the initial pulse and index pulse excitation
The waveform of feature；The waveform of the fixed character be interface echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo with multimodal echo character, and
Time interval at the identical amplitude of multimodal echo is identical, and the wave crest quantity of multimodal echo is the initial pulse and index pulse
The sum of quantity.
5. rail examination method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the transmitting pulse sequence control module
(3) by the way of M period immediately N number of period control pulse input, control ultrasonic action generation module (4) generates two kinds of width
It is worth identical, but the pulse that pulsewidth is different, corresponds respectively to the initial pulse and index pulse in ultrasonic signal；The ultrasound chip
(5) ultrasonic signal generated is by initial pulse, and the immediately index pulse composition after the initial pulse；By the starting arteries and veins
The ultrasound echo signal of punching and index pulse excitation is grouped together into the waveform with fixed character, the wave of the fixed character
Shape is that interface echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo all have bimodal echo character, and at the identical amplitude of the bimodal echo when
Between be spaced it is identical.
6. rail examination method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the method further includes:
S50) ultrasonic signal incidence rail (400) generates ultrasound echo signal afterwards, by carrying out time survey to ultrasound echo signal
Amount distinguishes the ultrasound echo signal with multimodal echo character with noise pulse, and not according to the angle of ultrasonic chip (5)
With respectively by the noise filter between ultrasonic signal and interface echo, interface echo and hurt echo, hurt echo and rail bottom echo
Except clean, make Type B show only retain the hurt reflection echo needed in image, bolt hole reflection involves rail bottom back wave.
7. the rail examination method according to claim 4 or 6, it is characterised in that: the ultrasonic action generation module (4) is adopted
It is motivated with positive or negative high voltage and generates high pressure activation signal, keep the amplitude of ultrasound echo signal cumulative, to enhance ultrasound echo signal
Energy.
8. rail examination method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the step S30) further comprise:
Emit pulse sequence control module (3) and generates control pulse successively through positive drive module (41), positive pulse control module
(42) and p-type field-effect tube (46) exports high pressure activation positive pulse signal afterwards；Emit pulse sequence control module (3) and generates control
Pulse successively exports high pressure activation after cathode drive module (43), negative pulse control module (44) and N-type field-effect tube (47)
Undersuing, to form the positive or negative high voltage pumping signal of output to the ultrasonic chip (5)；The positive high voltage generation module
(45) positive high voltage is provided for p-type field-effect tube (46), the negative high voltage generation module (48) is that N-type field-effect tube (47) offer is negative
High pressure.
9. according to claim 1, rail examination method described in 2,4,6 or 8, which is characterized in that the method further includes:
Impulse amplitude by changing high pressure activation signal increases the identification tag information of ultrasound echo signal.
10. according to claim 1, rail examination method described in 2,4,6 or 8, it is characterised in that: the method is further wrapped
It includes:
Pulse width by changing high pressure activation signal increases the identification tag information of ultrasound echo signal.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111855810A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-30 | 济南大学 | Rail foot damage identification method and system based on recurrent neural network |
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