CN110361448B - Intelligent brick device for monitoring damage degree of monolithic wall and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent brick device for monitoring damage degree of monolithic wall and monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110361448B CN110361448B CN201910642044.7A CN201910642044A CN110361448B CN 110361448 B CN110361448 B CN 110361448B CN 201910642044 A CN201910642044 A CN 201910642044A CN 110361448 B CN110361448 B CN 110361448B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent brick device for monitoring damage degree of a monolithic wall and a monitoring method thereof. The device comprises five intelligent bricks; 4 square piezoelectric ceramic pieces are embedded in the intelligent brick A, and positive and negative leads of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces embedded in the grooves are respectively connected with positive and negative lead pinholes; the intelligent brick A can emit stress wave signals to four directions simultaneously; the intelligent brick B, the intelligent brick C, the intelligent brick D and the intelligent brick E are respectively embedded with a piezoelectric ceramic piece for receiving signals; the intelligent brick comprises the following two parts: one part is a slotted brick mixed with steel fibers, and the other part is piezoelectric ceramic with a copper shielding shell arranged inside. The method fully utilizes the characteristics of high strength and good compatibility with a masonry structure of the square brick doped with the steel fiber, and reduces the influence of an intelligent brick sensor on the measured structure; the invention has the advantages of cheap materials, simple structure and strong applicability, and provides a simple and feasible method for monitoring the damage of the monolithic wall.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intelligent brick device for monitoring the damage degree of a monolithic wall and a monitoring method thereof, in particular to an intelligent brick device based on piezoelectric ceramics and a method capable of monitoring the damage degree of the monolithic wall in real time. Belongs to the field of masonry structures.
Background
The masonry structure is one of the oldest structural forms and is an important component of historical, cultural and residential buildings, but due to lack of daily maintenance, the seismic performance of the masonry structure is insufficient, the damage degree is far higher than that of other structures, and the masonry structure has extremely weak restorability after earthquake and almost completely collapses. Therefore, real-time monitoring and position positioning of the damage degree of the masonry building are very necessary. When the monolithic wall is damaged, the propagation path of the stress wave is changed, so that the received signal of the intelligent brick is also changed, and the damage size and the damage position of the monolithic wall can be conjectured by analyzing the energy change of the received signal.
However, the traditional masonry structure damage detection is not only time-consuming and labor-consuming, but also is restricted by field detection conditions, and can not comprehensively detect some hidden projects. Therefore, carry out long-range real-time supervision to masonry structure, the damage size and the damage position of location monolithic wall strengthen masonry structure's routine maintenance, and it is very important to reduce masonry structure's further damage in the earthquake.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent brick device for monitoring the damage degree of a monolithic wall and a monitoring method thereof. The method fully utilizes the characteristics of high strength and good compatibility with a masonry structure of the square brick doped with the steel fiber, and reduces the influence of an intelligent brick sensor on the measured structure; meanwhile, the damage form of the monolithic wall is fully considered, an intelligent brick arrangement mode capable of monitoring damage of the monolithic wall in multiple directions is provided, when the monolithic wall is damaged, the propagation path of stress waves can be changed, so that received signals of the intelligent bricks can also be changed, and the damage size and the damage position of the monolithic wall can be presumed by analyzing the energy change of the received signals.
The invention provides an intelligent brick device for monitoring the damage degree of a monolithic wall, which comprises five intelligent bricks A, B, C, D, E;
4 square piezoelectric ceramic pieces are respectively embedded in the intelligent brick A at an included angle of 45 degrees with the edge line of the brick, and positive and negative leads of all the piezoelectric ceramic pieces embedded in the groove are respectively connected with a positive lead pinhole and a negative lead pinhole; the intelligent brick A can emit stress wave signals to four directions simultaneously; piezoelectric ceramic pieces are respectively embedded in the intelligent brick B, the intelligent brick C, the intelligent brick D and the intelligent brick E at an included angle of 45 degrees with the edge line of the brick and are used for receiving signals; when masonry structure takes place the damage, the stress wave signal propagation path of intelligent brick A transmission can change, and the stress wave signal form that intelligent brick B, intelligent brick C, intelligent brick D and intelligent brick E received is compared, and the damage size and the damage position of monolithic wall can be judged to the energy change of analysis received signal.
The intelligent brick comprises the following two parts: one part is a slotted brick mixed with steel fibers, and the other part is piezoelectric ceramic with a copper shielding shell arranged inside.
In the device, the piezoceramics piece is located the rectangle recess of intelligent brick, the recess is located the vertical direction of intelligent brick, and the sideline of recess is 45 contained angles with the sideline of intelligent brick.
Furthermore, in the intelligent brick A, four square piezoelectric ceramic pieces are respectively embedded into the grooves, the side line of each groove and the side line of the intelligent brick form an included angle of 45 degrees, and the four square piezoelectric ceramic pieces form a cube structure in a surrounding mode.
In the device, the intelligent brick comprises a square brick doped with steel fibers, grooves with the same size, positive and negative electrode lead pinholes, a square piezoelectric ceramic piece, a lead, a cyano compound protective layer, a copper shielding shell and an epoxy resin filling protective layer; a copper shielding shell is arranged on the outer side of the square piezoelectric ceramic piece, and a cyano compound protective layer is filled between the copper shielding shell and the square piezoelectric ceramic piece; the outer side of the copper shielding shell is provided with a groove, and epoxy resin is filled between the copper shielding shell and the groove.
Further, the manufacturing method of the intelligent brick comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, manufacturing a square brick doped with steel fibers: firstly, mechanically mixing clay and steel fibers, then putting the mixture into a mold with a groove, drying the brick at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 6 hours, and burning the brick at the temperature of 900 ℃ for 6 hours; (2) grooves with the same size are formed in the square bricks doped with the steel fibers, and the number of the grooves is determined according to the number of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces required to be embedded; (3) after the square brick is successfully manufactured, a positive wire pinhole and a negative wire pinhole are arranged on the surface of the brick, and the positions of the pinholes can be determined according to the positions of the grooves; (4) square piezoelectric ceramic pieces welded with positive and negative leads are respectively embedded in the notch, and a cyano compound protective layer is arranged outside the piezoelectric ceramic pieces welded with the leads; a copper shielding shell is arranged on the outer surface of the cyano compound protective layer; (5) the square piezoelectric ceramics with the copper shielding shell are embedded in the groove, and meanwhile, epoxy resin is used for filling gaps in the groove.
When the intelligent brick is used as a signal transmitting end, all chips need to be connected in parallel by adopting a single core, namely, the positive and negative leads of the piezoelectric ceramic piece embedded in the groove are respectively connected to the positive and negative lead pinholes, so as to ensure that the intelligent brick can transmit signals to a plurality of directions at the same time.
The invention provides a method for monitoring the damage degree of a monolithic wall by adopting the intelligent brick device, which comprises the following steps: when the single-face wall is built, five intelligent bricks are built on the single-face wall by using mortar, the condition that the brick surfaces embedded with the piezoelectric ceramics face to the side face in a unified mode is ensured, and the five intelligent bricks are arranged in an X mode. The intelligent brick A is used as a signal transmitting end and is arranged at the center of the X; the intelligent bricks B, C, D, E are respectively used as signal receiving ends and are arranged at four corners of the X; the five intelligent bricks are connected with the data acquisition card, technicians can remotely control the data acquisition card through a wireless network to enable the intelligent brick A to transmit signals to four directions at the same time, the signals received by the intelligent brick B, C, D, E are uploaded to the cloud space through the data acquisition card in real time, and the data stored in the cloud space are analyzed and processed to achieve the purpose of remotely monitoring the damage distribution condition of the monolithic wall in real time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the intelligent brick device is simple in manufacturing and mounting process, strong in applicability and low in cost, and after steel fibers are doped, the strength of the brick is obviously improved, so that good protection is provided for the piezoelectric ceramics embedded in the brick;
(2) the damage degree of the masonry structure is remotely monitored in real time by using an active monitoring method based on the piezoelectric ceramics due to the characteristic that the piezoelectric ceramics has the mutual conversion between mechanical energy and electric energy, manual field detection is not needed, and time and labor are saved;
(3) after the positive and negative wire pinholes are arranged on the surface of the brick, the fixing of the wires is facilitated, and the influence of circuit breaking factors is reduced; the intelligent brick arrangement mode can monitor damage of a single wall in multiple directions simultaneously; the intelligent bricks can be well combined with the masonry structure, and the overall stability of the masonry structure is not affected;
(4) the device can effectively monitor the damage distribution state of the masonry structure in real time, and has wide popularization market and application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a smart tile a.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the intelligent brick a.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the smart tile B, C, D, E.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the smart tile B, C, D, E.
Fig. 7 is a diagram of the position relationship between the piezoelectric ceramic plate and the intelligent brick groove.
Figure 8 is an arrangement of smart tiles on a single wall.
In the figure: 1-a piezoelectric ceramic sheet; a 2-cyano compound protective layer; 3-a copper shield shell; 4-epoxy resin filler; 5-positive electrode lead pinhole; 6-negative pole wire pinhole; 7-a groove; 8-square bricks; 9-monolithic wall damage; 10-wire.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 8, an intelligent brick device for monitoring damage degree of a monolithic wall comprises five intelligent bricks A, B, C, D, E;
4 square piezoelectric ceramic pieces 1 are respectively embedded into the intelligent brick A at an included angle of 45 degrees with the edge line of the brick, and the piezoelectric ceramic pieces 1 are arranged in the vertical direction; and the positive and negative leads of all the piezoelectric ceramic pieces embedded in the grooves are respectively connected to the positive lead pinhole 5 and the negative lead pinhole 6; the intelligent brick A can emit stress wave signals to four directions simultaneously; piezoelectric ceramic pieces 1 for receiving signals are respectively embedded in the intelligent brick B, the intelligent brick C, the intelligent brick D and the intelligent brick E at an included angle of 45 degrees with the edge line of the brick; when masonry structure takes place the damage, the stress wave signal propagation path of intelligent brick A transmission can change, and the stress wave signal form that intelligent brick B, intelligent brick C, intelligent brick D and intelligent brick E received is compared, and the damage size and the damage position of monolithic wall can be judged to the energy change of analysis received signal.
The intelligent brick comprises the following two parts: one part is a slotted brick mixed with steel fibers, and the other part is piezoelectric ceramic with a copper shielding shell arranged inside.
In the device, the piezoceramics piece is located the rectangle recess of intelligent brick, the recess is located the vertical direction of intelligent brick, and the sideline of recess is 45 contained angles with the sideline of intelligent brick.
Furthermore, in the intelligent brick A, four square piezoelectric ceramic pieces are respectively embedded into the grooves, the side line of each groove and the side line of the intelligent brick form an included angle of 45 degrees, and the four square piezoelectric ceramic pieces form a cube structure in a surrounding mode.
In the device, the intelligent brick comprises a square brick 8 doped with steel fibers, a groove 7 with the same size, a positive wire pinhole 5, a negative wire pinhole 6, a square piezoelectric ceramic piece 1, a wire 10, a cyano compound protective layer 2, a copper shielding shell 3 and an epoxy resin filler 4; a copper shielding shell 3 is arranged on the outer side of the square piezoelectric ceramic piece 1, and a cyano compound protective layer 2 is filled between the two; the outer side of the copper shielding shell 3 is provided with a groove 7, and epoxy resin filler 4 is filled between the groove and the copper shielding shell. As shown in fig. 7.
In the device, the intelligent brick comprises a square brick doped with steel fibers, grooves with the same size, positive and negative electrode lead pinholes, a square piezoelectric ceramic piece, a lead, a cyano compound protective layer, a copper shielding shell and an epoxy resin filling protective layer.
Further, the manufacturing method of the intelligent brick comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, manufacturing a square brick doped with steel fibers: firstly, mechanically mixing clay and steel fibers, then putting the mixture into a mold with a groove, drying the brick at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 6 hours, and burning the brick at the temperature of 900 ℃ for 6 hours; (2) grooves with the same size are formed in the square bricks doped with the steel fibers, and the number of the grooves is determined according to the number of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces required to be embedded; (3) after the square bricks are successfully manufactured, installing a positive wire pinhole 5 and a negative wire pinhole 6 on the surfaces of the bricks, wherein the positions of the pinholes can be determined according to the positions of the grooves; (4) square piezoelectric ceramic plates 1 welded with positive and negative leads are respectively embedded in the notch 7, and a cyano compound protective layer 2 is arranged outside the piezoelectric ceramic plates welded with the leads 10; a copper shielding shell 3 is arranged on the outer surface of the cyano compound protective layer 2; (5) the square piezoelectric ceramics with the copper shield case 3 is embedded in the groove while the gap in the groove is filled with the epoxy resin filler 4.
When the intelligent brick is used as a signal transmitting end, all chips need to be connected in parallel by adopting a single core, namely, the positive and negative leads of the piezoelectric ceramic piece embedded in the groove are respectively connected to the positive and negative lead pinholes, so as to ensure that the intelligent brick can transmit signals to a plurality of directions at the same time.
The invention provides a method for monitoring the damage degree of a monolithic wall by adopting the intelligent brick device, which comprises the following steps: when the single-face wall is built, five intelligent bricks are built on the single-face wall by using mortar, the condition that the brick surfaces embedded with the piezoelectric ceramics face to the side face in a unified mode is ensured, and the five intelligent bricks are arranged in an X mode. The intelligent brick A is used as a signal transmitting end and is arranged at the center of the X; the intelligent bricks B, C, D, E are respectively used as signal receiving ends and are arranged at four corners of the X; the five intelligent bricks are connected with the data acquisition card, technicians can remotely control the data acquisition card through a wireless network to enable the intelligent brick A to transmit signals to four directions at the same time, the signals received by the intelligent brick B, C, D, E are uploaded to the cloud space through the data acquisition card in real time, and the data stored in the cloud space are analyzed and processed to achieve the purpose of remotely monitoring the damage distribution condition of the monolithic wall in real time.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: the clay and steel fibers were mechanically mixed and placed in a grooved mold, and then the brick was dried at 90 ℃ for 6 hours and burned at 900 ℃ for another 6 hours. The square brick doped with steel fibers is provided with a plurality of grooves with the same size, and the number of the grooves is determined according to the number of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces required to be embedded; after the square brick is successfully manufactured, positive and negative electrode lead pinholes are arranged on the surface of the brick, and the positions of the pinholes can be determined according to the positions of the grooves; the square piezoelectric ceramic pieces welded with the positive and negative leads are respectively embedded in the groove openings, and the square piezoelectric ceramic pieces embedded in the grooves are subjected to the following pretreatment: and (3) selecting a square piezoelectric ceramic piece with the size smaller than the groove, and welding positive and negative leads on the surface of the square piezoelectric ceramic piece. And after the cyano compound is solidified, copper is used as a shielding shell on the outer surface to shield the interference of external noise signals. After the square piezoelectric ceramic with the copper shielding shell is embedded into the groove, epoxy resin is filled in the gap of the groove.
It should be noted that the intelligent brick A is used as a signal transmitting end, the intelligent brick A needs to be arranged at the center of a monolithic wall, and all chips need to be connected in parallel by adopting a single core, namely, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a piezoelectric ceramic piece embedded in a groove are respectively connected to a positive electrode wire pinhole and a negative electrode wire pinhole, so as to ensure that the intelligent brick A can simultaneously transmit signals to multiple directions; the intelligent bricks B, C, D, E are respectively used as signal receiving ends, are respectively arranged around the monolithic wall, and are embedded with a piezoelectric ceramic piece. Considering that the damage of the single wall needs to be positioned in the using process and the action range of the intelligent brick is limited, the propagation path of the intelligent brick is perpendicular to the damage of the single wall as far as possible when the intelligent brick is built.
In addition, the invention can be optimized according to specific conditions, and the changeable part mainly comprises the selection and application of main parameters such as the arrangement position of the intelligent brick, the arrangement positions of the anode pin holes and the cathode pin holes, the quantity and the embedding angle of the embedded piezoelectric ceramics, the geometric shape size of the intelligent brick, the size of the slot, the type of the piezoelectric ceramics and the like.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an intelligent brick device for monitoring monolithic wall damage degree which characterized in that: comprises five intelligent bricks A, B, C, D, E;
four square piezoelectric ceramic pieces are embedded in the intelligent brick A, and positive and negative leads of all the piezoelectric ceramic pieces embedded in the groove are respectively connected with the positive and negative lead pinholes; the intelligent brick A can emit stress wave signals to four directions simultaneously; the intelligent brick B, the intelligent brick C, the intelligent brick D and the intelligent brick E are respectively embedded with a piezoelectric ceramic piece for receiving signals; the intelligent brick comprises the following two parts: one part is a slotted brick doped with steel fibers, and the other part is piezoelectric ceramic with a copper shielding shell and arranged inside;
when a single-sided wall is built, five intelligent bricks are built on the single-sided wall by using mortar, the condition that the brick surfaces embedded with piezoelectric ceramics face to the side surface uniformly is ensured, and the five intelligent bricks are arranged in an X form; the intelligent brick A is used as a signal transmitting end and is arranged at the center of the X; the intelligent bricks B, C, D, E are respectively used as signal receiving ends and are arranged at four corners of the X; in the intelligent brick A, four square piezoelectric ceramic pieces are respectively embedded into the grooves, the side line of each groove and the side line of the intelligent brick form an included angle of 45 degrees, and the four square piezoelectric ceramic pieces are enclosed into a cube structure.
2. The intelligent tile installation for monitoring damage to a monolithic wall as recited in claim 1, wherein: the piezoceramics piece is located the rectangle recess of intelligent brick, the recess is located the vertical direction of intelligent brick, and the sideline of recess and the sideline of intelligent brick are 45 contained angles.
3. The intelligent tile installation for monitoring damage to a monolithic wall as recited in claim 1, wherein: the intelligent brick comprises a square brick doped with steel fibers, grooves with the same size, a positive wire pinhole, a negative wire pinhole, a square piezoelectric ceramic piece, a wire, a cyano compound protective layer, a copper shielding shell and an epoxy resin filling protective layer; a copper shielding shell is arranged on the outer side of the square piezoelectric ceramic piece, and a cyano compound protective layer is filled between the copper shielding shell and the square piezoelectric ceramic piece; the outer side of the copper shielding shell is provided with a groove, and epoxy resin is filled between the copper shielding shell and the groove.
4. The intelligent tile installation for monitoring damage to a monolithic wall as recited in claim 3, wherein: the manufacturing method of the intelligent brick comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, manufacturing a square brick doped with steel fibers: firstly, mechanically mixing clay and steel fibers, then putting the mixture into a mold with a groove, drying the brick at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 6 hours, and burning the brick at the temperature of 900 ℃ for 6 hours; (2) grooves with the same size are formed in the square bricks doped with the steel fibers, and the number of the grooves is determined according to the number of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces required to be embedded; (3) after the square brick is successfully manufactured, a positive wire pinhole and a negative wire pinhole are arranged on the surface of the brick, and the positions of the pinholes can be determined according to the positions of the grooves; (4) square piezoelectric ceramic pieces welded with positive and negative leads are respectively embedded in the notch, and a cyano compound protective layer is arranged outside the piezoelectric ceramic pieces welded with the leads; a copper shielding shell is arranged on the outer surface of the cyano compound protective layer; (5) the square piezoelectric ceramics with the copper shielding shell are embedded in the groove, and meanwhile, epoxy resin is used for filling gaps in the groove.
5. The intelligent tile installation for monitoring damage to a monolithic wall as recited in claim 1, wherein: when the intelligent brick is used as a signal transmitting end, all chips need to be connected in parallel by adopting a single core, namely, the positive and negative leads of the piezoelectric ceramic piece embedded in the groove are respectively connected to the positive and negative lead pinholes, so as to ensure that the intelligent brick can transmit signals to a plurality of directions at the same time.
6. A monitoring method for monitoring the damage degree of a monolithic wall, which adopts the intelligent brick device for monitoring the damage degree of the monolithic wall as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: when a single-sided wall is built, five intelligent bricks are built on the single-sided wall by using mortar, the condition that the brick surfaces embedded with piezoelectric ceramics face to the side surface uniformly is ensured, and the five intelligent bricks are arranged in an X form; the intelligent brick A is used as a signal transmitting end and is arranged at the center of the X; the intelligent bricks B, C, D, E are respectively used as signal receiving ends and are arranged at four corners of the X; the five intelligent bricks are connected with the data acquisition card, technicians can remotely control the data acquisition card through a wireless network to enable the intelligent brick A to transmit signals to four directions at the same time, the signals received by the intelligent brick B, C, D, E are uploaded to the cloud space through the data acquisition card in real time, and the data stored in the cloud space are analyzed and processed to achieve the purpose of remotely monitoring the damage distribution condition of the monolithic wall in real time.
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