CN110361226B - Multi-point type sink bottom mud synchronous collecting device and method - Google Patents
Multi-point type sink bottom mud synchronous collecting device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110361226B CN110361226B CN201910592031.3A CN201910592031A CN110361226B CN 110361226 B CN110361226 B CN 110361226B CN 201910592031 A CN201910592031 A CN 201910592031A CN 110361226 B CN110361226 B CN 110361226B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
- G01N2001/1012—Suspensions
- G01N2001/1025—Liquid suspensions; Slurries; Mud; Sludge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1031—Sampling from special places
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multipoint type sink sediment synchronous acquisition device and a multipoint type sink sediment synchronous acquisition method, wherein the device comprises a sampling device, a lifting device and a collection device, the sampling device comprises a plurality of groups of mud taking pipes and pull rods, the sizes and the numbers of the mud taking pipes can be changed, the mud taking pipes are fixed on a lifting plate through buckle assemblies, and the pull rods are connected with a first supporting plate through connecting rods so as to realize the purpose of pushing and pulling a post rod to acquire mud samples; the lifting device comprises a stud, a turntable and a handle, the handle is rotated to drive the stud to rotate so that the lifting plate can descend, and the bottom end of the mud taking pipe descends into the sediment through the stud; the collecting device comprises a centrifuge tube and a test-tube rack, the centrifuge tube collects sediment samples and transfers the sediment samples to a laboratory for treatment to be tested, and therefore the adsorption or release rule of pollutants in the bottom sediment of the water tank can be conveniently obtained. The invention has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, and capability of flexibly changing sampling points, sampling numbers and sampling volumes, and provides a new tool and a new method for researching bottom sediment pollutants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of river sediment sampling, and particularly relates to a multi-point type synchronous collecting device and method for bottom mud of a water tank.
Background
The sediment is an important 'sediment reservoir' of pollutants, is a 'sink', is also an endogenous source of water body pollution and biological exposure, and is an important place for substance metabolism and energy exchange in the water body. As a key node for transporting pollutants in a river network water system, the pollutants are easy to settle and adsorb due to the unique hydrodynamic characteristics of a river channel intersection area, and bottom mud in the intersection area becomes an important area for enriching the pollutants. Under the scouring disturbance of water flow, pollutants enriched in bottom mud are released into an overlying water body to cause secondary pollution to the water body, and the method is an important link which is not negligible in the migration and conversion process of river network pollutants.
In recent years, China highly attaches importance to the problem of river endogenous pollution, and many scholars pay attention to the release of bottom sediment pollutants and focus on nutrient salts, aerobic pollutants, emerging organic poisons and the like. The pollution causes water quality problems such as water eutrophication, black and odorous water and the like, and threatens the water safety pattern of a river system. Therefore, exploring endogenous release mechanisms of contaminants in sediments has been a hot spot of research.
For analyzing river and lake sediments, a sediment sample needs to be collected. At present, a great number of tools and methods are available for collecting field natural river and lake bottom mud, such as a grab bucket type mud collector, a columnar mud collector and the like. However, the indoor water tank model is built according to a model similarity theory, and the size of the indoor water tank model is far smaller than that of a real river channel. The tool for field sampling is not suitable for a common medium and small scale model, and an effective acquisition tool and method are lacked in a water tank simulation test. In addition, the ordinary mud sampler can only collect in a single point, and the process repeatability is high under the condition that the sampling points are concentrated more. Therefore, how to provide a sampler with a function of simultaneously collecting multiple points to improve the sampling efficiency is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
In summary, the existing sediment collecting device mainly has the following disadvantages:
(1) the device is only suitable for sampling bottom mud of a real field river, and the size of the device is not suitable for the scale of an indoor water tank simulation test;
(2) multi-point simultaneous acquisition cannot be carried out, so that the sampling work is repeated and complicated and has time difference;
(3) the operation is complicated and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a multi-point type synchronous collecting device and method for bottom mud of a water tank, and solves the problems that a common mud sampler can only collect mud in a single point and has high process repeatability under the condition that more concentrated sampling points are available. The invention has simple and convenient operation, has the function of simultaneously collecting the sediment samples at a plurality of point positions, and can keep the integrity of the undisturbed sediment samples to the maximum extent, thereby being beneficial to improving the operability and efficiency of sampling work and providing technical support for the indoor water tank sediment pollutant migration simulation research.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a multi-point type sink bottom mud synchronous collecting device which comprises a sampling device and a lifting device, wherein the sampling device comprises mud taking pipes, plungers, column rods, a top cover, pull rods, connecting rods and first supporting plates, the mud taking pipes are vertically provided with a plurality of groups, the column rods are inserted into inner cavities of the plurality of groups of mud taking pipes, the plungers are fixedly connected with the bottom ends of the column rods, the top ends of the column rods are fixedly connected with the top cover, the first supporting plates are horizontally arranged above the plurality of groups of mud taking pipes, two sides of each first supporting plate are fixedly connected with the pull rods through the connecting rods, the first supporting plates are provided with first through grooves, the plurality of groups of column rods penetrate through the first through grooves, and the top covers of the column rods are clamped in the first;
the lifting device comprises a cross rod, a lifting plate, a stud, a bearing seat and a second supporting plate, the cross rod is horizontally arranged above the sampling device, the studs are vertically inserted into two ends of the cross rod, the bottom end of each stud is rotatably connected with the bearing seat through a bearing and is two groups of the bottom end of the bearing seat and fixedly connected with the second supporting plate, a second through groove is formed in the second supporting plate, the lifting plate is connected with the studs through holes in a threaded mode, a third through groove and a plurality of groups of mud taking pipes are arranged on the lifting plate, the bottom ends of the mud taking pipes vertically penetrate through the third through groove and the second through groove respectively and extend out of the second through groove, and the top ends of the mud taking pipes are fixedly connected with the lifting plate through.
Further, elevating gear's below still is equipped with collection device, collection device includes centrifuging tube and test-tube rack, the centrifuging tube is installed in the test-tube rack, the test-tube rack is located the below that the mud pipe was got to the multiunit. Centrifuging tube among the collection device with get the mud pipe one-to-one, the centrifuging tube collects the sediment sample and shifts to the laboratory and handle the await measuring to conveniently obtain the absorption or the release law of pollutant in basin sediment.
Furthermore, the top end of the stud is fixedly connected with a central lantern ring, the central lantern ring is fixedly connected with a rotary table through three radial rods distributed in an annular array, and a handle is welded on the rotary table. The rotating handle drives the stud to rotate so that the lifting plate can descend, and the bottom end of the mud taking pipe descends into bottom mud through the stud.
Furthermore, the buckle assembly comprises buckle pieces and a rubber belt, the buckle pieces are symmetrically provided with two groups, and the two groups of buckle pieces are fixedly connected through the rubber belt.
Furthermore, the central point of rubber belt puts and is equipped with the through-hole, get the mud pipe and pass the through-hole and get the top flange joint of mud pipe at the top surface of rubber belt.
Further, the inner diameter of the through hole is gradually reduced from top to bottom. The buckle piece, the rubber belt and the through hole of the buckle component are structurally designed, so that the mud taking pipe is very firmly fixed on the lifting plate.
Further, the diameter of the top cover is larger than the width of the first through groove, and the diameter of a flange at the top end of the mud taking pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole.
Furthermore, a length scale is arranged on the lifting plate, and scales are marked on the mud taking pipe. The length scale is convenient for remove and gets mud pipe and record sampling position, and the scale is convenient for confirm gathers the mud appearance degree of depth, also can carry out the sampling work of the different degree of depth.
The invention also provides a multipoint type water tank sediment synchronous acquisition method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, determining the number of samples, selecting a proper number of mud taking pipes, and fixing the mud taking pipes on the set sampling positions of the lifting plate through the buckle assemblies;
(2) determining the position of a sampling section, and erecting a cross bar on the side wall of a water tank to enable a sampling device and a lifting device in a sampling device to be placed in the water tank for standby;
(3) rotating the handle to enable the bottom end of a mud taking pipe in the sampling device to descend into the sediment through the stud;
(4) the lifting pull rod drives the column rod and the plunger to move upwards, so that the sediment is collected into the sediment taking pipe;
(5) take out sampling device and elevating gear among the sampling device, place collection device in elevating gear's below, centrifuge tube among the collection device with get the mud pipe one-to-one, rethread push-down pull rod drives post pole and plunger downstream and releases the bed mud to collect the bed mud in the centrifuge tube, shift and await measuring.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) a multi-point type synchronous collecting device for bottom mud of a water tank is constructed, and the limitations and functions of the existing sediment collecting device are expanded;
(2) the function of simultaneously collecting sediments at multiple points is realized, the sampling time is saved, and the sampling error is reduced;
(3) the lifting device in the sampling device adopts a spiral lifting principle, so that the sampling device can conveniently ascend or descend, and the operation is stable and convenient;
(4) the number and the size of the mud taking pipes can be set according to the experimental requirements, so that the sampling work is more free and flexible.
The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, high practicability, excellent accuracy and strong popularization. Can change sampling point, sampling number and sampling volume by oneself in a flexible way according to the demand, the sample of gathering can keep the integrality of original state bed mud.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the top cover being snapped into the first through groove;
FIG. 4 is a view from the B-B direction of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the lifting device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a turntable structure;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the mud pipe passing through the second support plate;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the collecting device;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a snap assembly;
fig. 10 is a diagram of the state before and after the operation of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the multi-point synchronous collecting device for bottom mud in a water tank of the present invention comprises a sampling device 1 and a lifting device 2, wherein the sampling device 1 comprises a mud taking pipe 101, plungers 102, pillars 103, a top cover 104, a pull rod 105, a connecting rod 106 and first supporting plates 107, the specific number and size of the mud taking pipe 101 can be set according to the experimental needs, the mud taking pipe 101 in this embodiment is a plastic circular pipe with a diameter of 2cm and a height of 6cm, eight mud taking pipes 101 are vertically arranged, the pillars 103 are inserted into the inner cavities of the eight mud taking pipes 101, the plungers 102 are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the pillars 103, the plungers 102 are rubber plugs with moderate friction, the diameter of the plungers 102 is matched with the inner diameter of the mud taking pipes 101, the top cover 104 is fixedly connected to the top ends of the pillars 103, the first supporting plates 107 are horizontally arranged above the eight mud taking pipes 101, two sides of the first supporting plates 107 are fixedly connected to the pull rod 105 through the connecting, a first through groove 108 is formed in the first support plate 107, the eight poles 103 penetrate through the first through groove 108, a top cover 104 of each pole 103 is clamped in the first through groove 108, and the diameter of the top cover 104 is larger than the width of the first through groove 108; the pull rod 105 is connected with the first support plate 107 through the connecting rod 106, and the top cover 104, the column rod 103 and the plunger 102 can be driven to move upwards by lifting the pull rod 105, so that the sediment is collected into the sediment taking pipe 101;
as shown in fig. 5 to 7, the lifting device 2 includes a cross bar 201, a lifting plate 202, studs 203, bearing seats 204, and a second support plate 205, the cross bar 201 is horizontally disposed above the sampling device 1, the studs 203 are vertically inserted at both ends of the cross bar 201, because the studs 203 are inserted in jacks at both ends of the cross bar 201, the rotation of the studs 203 does not drive the lifting of the cross bar 201, the top ends of the studs 203 are fixedly connected with a central collar 206, the central collar 206 is fixedly connected with a turntable 208 through three radial rods 207 distributed in an annular array, a handle 209 is welded on the turntable 208, the bottom ends of the studs 203 are rotatably connected with the bearing seats 204 through bearings, the bottom ends of two sets of bearing seats 204 are fixedly connected with the second support plate 205, a second through groove 210 is disposed on the second support plate 205, the lifting plate 202 horizontally disposed is connected between the studs 203 through a screw thread, threaded holes adapted to the screw thread of the studs 203, therefore, the rotation of the stud 203 drives the lifting plate 202 to lift;
the lifting plate 202 is provided with a length scale 212, the mud taking pipe 101 is marked with scales 109, the length scale 212 is convenient for moving the mud taking pipe 101 and recording sampling positions, the scales 109 are convenient for determining the depth of collecting mud samples, and sampling work of different depths can be carried out; the lifting plate 202 is provided with a third through groove 211, the lifting plate 202 and the second supporting plate 205 are arranged in parallel, the bottom ends of the eight mud taking pipes 101 respectively vertically penetrate through the third through groove 211 and the second through groove 210 and extend out of the second through groove 210, and the top ends of the eight mud taking pipes 101 are fixedly connected with the lifting plate 202 through a buckle assembly 4; the handle 209 is rotated to drive the turntable 208 and the stud 203 to rotate, so that the lifting plate 202 descends, and the bottom end of the mud taking pipe 101 descends into the sediment through the stud 203; the lifting device 2 adopts a spiral lifting principle, so that the mud taking pipe 101 is lifted stably and is easy and convenient to operate, meanwhile, the mud taking pipe 101 can move in the third through groove 211 of the lifting plate 202, the mud taking pipe 101 is moved according to a designed sampling point, and is fixed on the lifting plate 202 by the buckle assembly 4 for accurate positioning sampling, so that the sampling work is more free and flexible;
as shown in fig. 8, a collecting device 3 is further arranged below the lifting device 2, the collecting device 3 comprises centrifuge tubes 301 and test tube racks 302, the centrifuge tubes 301 are installed in the test tube racks 302, the test tube racks 302 are located below the eight sludge taking tubes 101, the centrifuge tubes 301 in the collecting device 3 correspond to the sludge taking tubes 101 one by one, and the centrifuge tubes 301 collect bottom sludge samples and transfer the bottom sludge samples to a laboratory for treatment and detection, so that the adsorption or release rule of pollutants in the bottom sludge in the water tank can be conveniently obtained;
as shown in fig. 9, the fastening assembly 4 includes two fastening pieces 401 and a rubber belt 402, the two fastening pieces 401 are symmetrically arranged in two groups, the two groups of fastening pieces 401 are fixedly connected through the rubber belt 402, a through hole 403 is formed in the center of the rubber belt 402, the mud pipe 101 passes through the through hole 403, a top flange of the mud pipe 101 is fastened to the top surface of the rubber belt 402, the inner diameter of the through hole 403 is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the diameter of the top flange of the mud pipe 101 is larger than that of the through hole 403; the structure design of the buckling piece 401, the rubber belt 402 and the through hole 403 of the buckling component 4 enables the mud taking pipe 101 to be firmly fixed on the lifting plate 202, and the mud taking pipe 101 is firmly fixed in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
As shown in fig. 10, the present invention further provides a multi-point synchronous collecting method for bottom mud in a water tank, comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, determining the number of samples, selecting mud pipes 101 with proper number and size, and fixing the mud pipes 101 on the set sampling positions of the lifting plate 202 through the buckle assembly 4;
(2) determining the position of a sampling section, and erecting a cross rod 201 on the side wall of a water tank to enable a sampling device 1 and a lifting device 2 in the sampling device to be placed in the water tank for standby;
(3) the handle 209 is rotated to enable the bottom end of the mud taking pipe 101 in the sampling device 1 to descend into the sediment through the stud 203;
(4) the lifting pull rod 105 drives the column rod 103 and the plunger 102 to move upwards, so that the sediment is collected into the sediment taking pipe 101;
(5) take out sampling device 1 and elevating gear 2 among the sampling device, because the viscidity of bed mud is great, can not drop from getting mud pipe 101 in the short time, place collection device 3 in elevating gear 2's below, centrifuging tube 301 among the collection device 3 and getting mud pipe 101 one-to-one, rethread push down pull rod 105 and drive the post 103 and the downward removal of plunger 102 releases the bed mud to collect the bed mud in centrifuging tube 301, shift and await measuring.
The state before the concrete operation of the invention is shown in the figure, after the collecting device and the method are adopted, the sediment sample can be quickly and effectively collected, and the invention has the characteristics of low cost, high practicability, excellent accuracy and strong popularization. Can set up sampling position and sampling volume by oneself according to the demand, the sample of gathering can keep the integrality of original state bed mud, provides technical support for basin test deposit sampling.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a multipoint mode basin sediment synchronous acquisition device, includes sampling device and elevating gear, its characterized in that:
the sampling device comprises mud taking pipes, plungers, column rods, a top cover, a pull rod, connecting rods and first supporting plates, wherein multiple groups of mud taking pipes are vertically arranged, the column rods are inserted into inner cavities of the multiple groups of mud taking pipes, the plungers are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the column rods, the top covers are fixedly connected to the top ends of the column rods, the first supporting plates are horizontally arranged above the multiple groups of mud taking pipes, two sides of each first supporting plate are fixedly connected with the pull rod through the connecting rods, first through grooves are formed in the first supporting plates, the multiple groups of column rods penetrate through the first through grooves, and the top covers of the column rods are clamped in the first through grooves;
the lifting device comprises a cross rod, a lifting plate, a stud, a bearing seat and a second supporting plate, the cross rod is horizontally arranged above the sampling device, the studs are vertically inserted into two ends of the cross rod, the bottom end of each stud is rotatably connected with the bearing seat through a bearing and is two groups of the bottom end of the bearing seat and fixedly connected with the second supporting plate, a second through groove is formed in the second supporting plate, the lifting plate is connected with the studs through holes in a threaded mode, a third through groove and a plurality of groups of mud taking pipes are arranged on the lifting plate, the bottom ends of the mud taking pipes vertically penetrate through the third through groove and the second through groove respectively and extend out of the second through groove, and the top ends of the mud taking pipes are fixedly connected with the lifting plate through.
2. The multi-point synchronous collecting device for bottom mud of water tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a mud pipe, including elevating gear, collection device, centrifuge tube, test-tube rack, elevating gear's below still is equipped with collection device, collection device includes centrifuge tube and test-tube rack, the centrifuge tube is installed in the test-tube rack, the test-tube rack is located the below that the mud pipe was got to the multiunit.
3. The multi-point synchronous collecting device for bottom mud of water tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top end of the stud is fixedly connected with a central lantern ring, the central lantern ring is fixedly connected with the rotary table through three radial rods distributed in an annular array, and the rotary table is welded with a handle.
4. The multi-point synchronous collecting device for bottom mud of water tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the buckle component comprises buckle pieces and a rubber belt, the buckle pieces are symmetrically provided with two groups, and the two groups of buckle pieces are fixedly connected through the rubber belt.
5. The multi-point synchronous collecting device for bottom mud of water tank as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the central point of rubber belt puts and is equipped with the through-hole, get the mud pipe and pass the through-hole and get the top flange joint of mud pipe at the top surface of rubber belt.
6. The multi-point synchronous collecting device for bottom mud of water tank as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the inner diameter of the through hole is gradually reduced from top to bottom.
7. The multi-point synchronous collecting device for bottom mud of water tank as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the diameter of the top cover is larger than the width of the first through groove, and the diameter of the top flange of the mud taking pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole.
8. The multi-point synchronous collecting device for bottom mud of water tank as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lifting plate is provided with a length scale, and the mud taking pipe is marked with scales.
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| CN111307519B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-01-29 | 河海大学 | Self-adaptive variable-frequency automatic water collection system based on hydrodynamic force change and use method |
| CN112098633B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-09-30 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Sediment pollutant release rate survey device |
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