CN110355750B - Interaction control method for hand-eye coordination of teleoperation - Google Patents

Interaction control method for hand-eye coordination of teleoperation Download PDF

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CN110355750B
CN110355750B CN201811270020.5A CN201811270020A CN110355750B CN 110355750 B CN110355750 B CN 110355750B CN 201811270020 A CN201811270020 A CN 201811270020A CN 110355750 B CN110355750 B CN 110355750B
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motion
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hand
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CN110355750A (en
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刘正雄
司继康
黄攀峰
任瑾力
孟中杰
董刚奇
张夷斋
张帆
鹿振宇
常海涛
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J3/00—Manipulators of master-slave type, i.e. both controlling unit and controlled unit perform corresponding spatial movements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Programme controls
    • B25J9/1602—Programme controls characterised by the control system, structure, architecture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Programme controls
    • B25J9/1694—Programme controls characterised by use of sensors other than normal servo-feedback from position, speed or acceleration sensors, perception control, multi-sensor controlled systems, sensor fusion
    • B25J9/1697—Vision controlled systems

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an interaction control method facing remote operation hand-eye coordination, which is used for solving the technical problem of poor practicability of the existing man-machine interaction control method. The technical scheme is based on the conversion of a coordinate system, when an operator controls the motion of a scene object through an exchange device, firstly, the pose of the scene object is converted into a camera coordinate system from a world coordinate system, then, the precession of the interaction device is added to the camera coordinate system according to the expected motion to obtain new pose coordinates of the camera coordinate system, and finally, the newly obtained pose coordinates are converted into the world coordinate system from the camera coordinate system to control the actual motion of the scene object. The invention realizes the hand-eye coordination in the teleoperation process, namely the motion of the scene object in the interactive operation process is not influenced by the change of the scene observation visual angle of the operator, and is consistent with the motion of the interactive equipment, thereby reducing the teleoperation difficulty and having good practicability.

Description

Interaction control method for hand-eye coordination of teleoperation
Technical Field
The invention relates to a man-machine interaction control method, in particular to an interaction control method facing teleoperation hand-eye coordination.
Background
The document "teleoperation robot system master-slave control strategy, written by the university of science and technology of Jiangsu (natural science edition), 2013, Vol27(8), p 643-647" discloses a control method of a master-slave teleoperation robot system. The method adopts an incremental position control mode, controls the motion of the slave hand by the increment of the master hand, and effectively avoids the complexity of initial return to the original point. When an operator directly observes the operated environment information and the operator observes the operated environment information through the image equipment, the correspondence of the positions of the master and the slave is different, the coordinates of the master hand and the actual environment or the coordinates of the master hand and the image equipment are matched by adjusting the proportional control gain matrix, and the working space mapping of the master end and the slave end is established to have better visual presence. The method disclosed by the document is only based on the difference between the environment information directly observed by an operator and the environment information observed by the image equipment, the working space mapping between the main hand and the actual environment or between the main hand and the image equipment is simply established by controlling the gain coefficient in proportion, a method for establishing the working space mapping between the main hand and the actual environment or between the main hand and the image equipment when the operator observes the change of the observation visual angle of the operated environment information is not provided, the working space mapping between the main hand and the slave end is not influenced by the change of the observation visual angle, the movement is consistent all the time, the application range is not wide, and the operation difficulty is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect of poor practicability of the conventional man-machine interaction control method, the invention provides an interaction control method facing teleoperation hand-eye coordination. The method is based on the conversion of a coordinate system, when an operator controls the motion of a scene object through an exchange device, firstly, the pose of the scene object is converted into a camera coordinate system from a world coordinate system, then, the precession of the interaction device is added to the camera coordinate system according to the expected motion to obtain new pose coordinates of the camera coordinate system, and finally, the newly obtained pose coordinates are converted into the world coordinate system from the camera coordinate system to control the actual motion of the scene object. The invention realizes the hand-eye coordination in the teleoperation process, namely the motion of the scene object in the interactive operation process is not influenced by the change of the scene observation visual angle of the operator, and is consistent with the motion of the interactive equipment, thereby reducing the teleoperation difficulty and having good practicability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an interactive control method facing teleoperation hand-eye coordination is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, data acquisition of interactive equipment, namely, acquiring real-time position information P of the hand controller at equal time intervals in the motion process of the hand controllerc n(ii) a Collected real-time position information P of hand controllerc nPosition and attitude information P of the previous momentc n-1Obtaining the advancing amount delta P of the hand controller by differentiating; the advancing amount Delta P is adjusted to Delta P0Mapping k to Δ P as an initial motion command Δ P for the end of the robot arm0And k is an operation scale factor.
ΔP0＝k*ΔP (1)
Step two, combining the transformation matrix R from the interactive operation coordinate system to the camera coordinate systemxFor the initial movement command Δ P0Converting to obtain motion command delta P in camera coordinate system1。
ΔP1＝ΔP0*Rx (2)
Thirdly, combining a pose matrix C of the camera coordinate system in a world coordinate system to carry out motion command delta P in the camera coordinate system1Converting to obtain motion command delta P in world coordinate system2。
During the interaction, the view observed by the operator is determined by the position and posture of the camera in the world coordinate system, and the position and posture matrix of the camera depends on three elements: namely the sight line direction of the camera, the position of the center of the camera and the forward direction of the camera, the three elements can determine the position and the posture of the camera in a world coordinate system. When the observation visual angle is converted, the essence is that the position and the posture of the camera in the world coordinate system are changed, and the direction of the camera coordinate system in the world coordinate system is changed.
Figure GDA0003543257400000021
Converting the motion command obtained in the second step from the camera coordinate system to a world coordinate system, wherein an inverse matrix C of a camera matrix is required-1. In addition, since the hand controller precession amount matrix is a 1x3 matrix, a 1x4 matrix D needs to be constructed.
D＝[ΔP1 0] (4)
ΔP2＝DC-1 (5)
Step (ii) ofFourthly, the motion command delta P in the world coordinate system2Obtaining the final movement amount delta P of the tail end of the mechanical arm through motion mapping3And generating teleoperation instructions of the whole interaction process.
The world coordinate system motion instruction delta P obtained in the step three2Unfolding to obtain Δ P2Is a matrix of 1x4, the first three columns of elements of which are the final amount of movement of the end of the mechanical arm, and the Δ P is taken by the movement map2The first three columns of elements generate Δ P3The simplification is as follows:
ΔP3＝[Δx Δy Δz] (6)
and the delta x, the delta y and the delta z respectively represent the motion quantity of the tail end of the mechanical arm in three coordinate axis directions in a world coordinate system, so that the teleoperation instruction generation with hand-eye coordination is realized.
And step five, driving the mechanical arm to move by using the teleoperation instruction generated in the step four, so as to realize hand-eye coordination.
The real-time position of the end of the arm is noted as Pj nThe position at the next time is Pj n+1Then, then
Figure GDA0003543257400000031
And the scene object is driven to move through the real-time tail end position of the scene object, so that hand-eye coordination in the teleoperation process is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is based on the conversion of a coordinate system, when an operator controls the motion of a scene object through an exchange device, firstly, the pose of the scene object is converted into a camera coordinate system from a world coordinate system, then, the precession of the interaction device is added to the camera coordinate system according to the expected motion to obtain new pose coordinates of the camera coordinate system, and finally, the newly obtained pose coordinates are converted into the world coordinate system from the camera coordinate system to control the actual motion of the scene object. The invention realizes the hand-eye coordination in the teleoperation process, namely the motion of the scene object in the interactive operation process is not influenced by the change of the scene observation visual angle of the operator, and is consistent with the motion of the interactive equipment, thereby reducing the teleoperation difficulty and having good practicability.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
For a detailed description of the present invention, the definition of 3 common coordinate systems is explained:
(1) world coordinate system Oworld: the world coordinate system is a reference coordinate system of the whole system and is used for describing the actual motion of the object model in the scene, which is equivalent to a base coordinate system, and the motion of the scene object is described based on the world coordinate system.
(2) Camera coordinate system Ocamera: the camera coordinate system is used for describing a teleoperation visual scene, and when the observation visual angle of an operator is changed, the position and the posture of the camera in the world coordinate system are changed. When the observation visual angle is changed, the pose of the camera coordinate system in the world coordinate system is changed, but the direction of the camera coordinate system relative to the computer screen is unchanged.
(3) Interoperation coordinate system (i.e. hand controller coordinate system) Ointeraction: the coordinate system of the interactive equipment is used for describing the movement of the interactive equipment in the teleoperation process, and when the observation visual angle is changed, the position and the posture of the interactive equipment in the coordinate system of the world are changed, but the direction of the interactive equipment relative to the computer screen is not changed.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the operation technology for the hand-eye coordination of teleoperation, the invention combines a three-dimensional graphic development environment OSG (OpenSence graph) and an interactive tool NovintFalcon hand controller, and carries out simulation demonstration verification based on the control of the motion of the IRB120 mechanical arm in a virtual view, and the specific implementation mode is as follows:
step one, interactive equipment data acquisition, taking upward movement of the hand controller as an example, and acquiring real-time position and posture information P of the hand controller at equal time intervals in the movement process of the hand controllerc n(ii) a Will gather the hand controller real-time position and orientation information Pc nPosition and attitude information P of the previous momentc n-1Obtaining the advancing amount delta P of the hand controller by differentiating; the advancing amount Delta P is adjusted to Delta P0Mapping k to Δ P as an initial motion command Δ P for the end of the robot arm0Wherein k is an operation scale factor, the unit of the motion amount at the tail end of the hand controller is meter, the unit of the motion amount at the tail end of the mechanical arm in the virtual scene is millimeter, the operation scale factor k is 1000, and when the tail end of the hand controller moves upwards by 0.1 meter, the initial motion instruction is
ΔP0＝k*ΔP＝[0 0 100] (1)
Step two, combining the transformation matrix R from the interactive operation coordinate system to the camera coordinate systemxFor the initial movement command Δ P0Converting to obtain motion command delta P in camera coordinate system1。
Through analyzing the position relation between the interactive equipment coordinate system and the camera coordinate system, when the observation visual angle is changed, the relative direction between the interactive equipment coordinate system and the camera coordinate system in the world coordinate system is not changed, and the direction of the interactive equipment coordinate system can be consistent with the direction of the camera coordinate system after the interactive equipment coordinate system rotates 90 degrees along the X axis.
Figure GDA0003543257400000041
Thirdly, combining a pose matrix C of the camera coordinate system in a world coordinate system to carry out motion instruction delta P in the camera coordinate system1Converting to obtain motion command delta P in world coordinate system2。
When the scene is looked at, the pose matrix of the camera in the world coordinate system is C.
Figure GDA0003543257400000042
Since the matrix of the precession of the hand controller is 1x3 matrix, a matrix D of 1x4 needs to be constructed.
D＝[ΔP1 0]＝[0 100 0 0] (4)
ΔP2＝DC-1＝[0 0 100 0] (5)
Step four, the motion instruction delta P in the world coordinate system2Obtaining final motion of mechanical arm tail end through motion mappingQuantity Δ P3And generating teleoperation instructions of the whole interaction process.
ΔP3＝[Δx Δy Δz]＝[0 0 100] (6)
And the delta x, the delta y and the delta z respectively represent the motion quantity of the tail end of the mechanical arm in three coordinate axis directions in a world coordinate system, so that the teleoperation instruction generation with hand-eye coordination is realized.
And step five, driving the mechanical arm to move by using the teleoperation instruction generated in the step four, so as to realize hand-eye coordination. The real-time position of the end of the arm is noted as Pj nThe position at the next time is Pj n+1Then, then
Figure GDA0003543257400000043
In this embodiment, based on the interactive control of the IRB120 mechanical arm, to complete the step five, a three-dimensional model of the IRB120 mechanical arm is established by using tools such as 3D MAX, and the establishment of a virtual view is completed; and establishing a kinematic model of the mechanical arm on the basis of the D-H coordinate system.
Firstly, forward kinematics analysis is carried out on the coordinate systems, and every two adjacent coordinate systems can be mutually converted through four homogeneous transformations to set a transformation matrix as
Figure GDA0003543257400000051
Then
Figure GDA0003543257400000052
Wherein, ai、αi、di、θiRespectively is the length of the connecting rod, the torsion angle of the two banks, the offset of the connecting rod and the joint angle.
For the six-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm, when the joint angle of each joint is determined, the tail end pose of the mechanical arm is also determined, and if the tail end pose is T, the tail end pose is determined
Figure GDA0003543257400000053
Secondly, the kinematic analysis is carried out on the joint through an analytical method, and each joint angle is obtained according to the terminal pose.
Figure GDA0003543257400000054
From the above formula, theta can be obtained1The other joint angles are sequentially calculated by an analytical method.
Initial position of end of mechanical arm
Figure GDA0003543257400000055
When the scene is looked at in the front view,
Figure GDA0003543257400000056
the method can be obtained by performing motion mapping through the hand-eye coordination interaction control method, when the hand controller moves upwards, the virtual view is looked forward, the motion direction of the mechanical arm is along the Z axis, and when the virtual view is overlooked, the motion direction of the mechanical arm is along the Y axis. Therefore, when the observation visual angle of an operator is changed, the hand-eye coordination implementation method provided by the text can be used for realizing that the motion of the scene object is consistent with the motion of the interactive equipment, so that the effectiveness of the hand-eye coordination method provided by the text is verified.

Claims (1)

1. An interactive control method facing teleoperation hand-eye coordination is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, data acquisition of interactive equipment, namely, acquiring real-time position information P of the hand controller at equal time intervals in the motion process of the hand controllerc n(ii) a Collected real-time position information P of hand controllerc nPosition and attitude information P of the previous momentc n-1Obtaining the advancing amount delta P of the hand controller by differentiating; the advancing amount Delta P is adjusted to Delta P0Mapping k to Δ P as an initial motion command Δ P for the end of the robot arm0Wherein k is an operation proportionality coefficient;
△P0＝k*△P (1)
step two, combining the transformation matrix R from the interactive operation coordinate system to the camera coordinate systemxFor the initial movement command Δ P0Converting to obtain motion command delta P in camera coordinate system1；
△P1＝△P0*Rx (2)
Thirdly, combining a pose matrix C of the camera coordinate system in a world coordinate system to carry out motion command delta P in the camera coordinate system1Converting to obtain motion command delta P in world coordinate system2；
During the interaction, the view observed by the operator is determined by the position and posture of the camera in the world coordinate system, and the position and posture matrix of the camera depends on three elements: namely the sight line direction of the camera, the position of the center of the camera and the forward direction of the camera, the three elements can determine the position and the posture of the camera in a world coordinate system; when the observation visual angle is converted, the essence is that the position and the posture of the camera in the world coordinate system are changed, and the direction of the camera coordinate system in the world coordinate system is changed;
Figure FDA0003543257390000011
converting the motion command obtained in the second step from the camera coordinate system to a world coordinate system, wherein an inverse matrix C of a camera matrix is required to be used-1(ii) a In addition, since the hand controller precession amount matrix is a 1x3 matrix, a 1x4 matrix D needs to be constructed;
D＝[△P1 0] (4)
△P2＝DC-1 (5)
step four, the motion instruction delta P in the world coordinate system2Obtaining the final movement amount delta P of the tail end of the mechanical arm through motion mapping3Generating teleoperation instructions of the whole interaction process;
the world coordinate system motion instruction delta P obtained in the step three2Unfolding to obtain Δ P2Is a matrix of 1x4, the first three columns of elements of which are the final amount of movement of the end of the mechanical arm, and the Δ P is taken by the movement map2The first three columns of elements generate Δ P3The simplification is as follows:
△P3＝[△x △y △z] (6)
the system comprises a robot arm, a camera module and a display module, wherein delta x, delta y and delta z respectively represent the motion amount of the tail end of the robot arm in three coordinate axis directions in a world coordinate system so as to realize teleoperation instruction generation of hand-eye coordination;
fifthly, driving the mechanical arm to move by using the teleoperation instruction generated in the fourth step, and realizing hand-eye coordination;
the real-time position of the end of the arm is noted as Pj nThe position at the next time is Pj n+1Then, then
Figure FDA0003543257390000021
And the scene object is driven to move through the real-time tail end position of the scene object, so that hand-eye coordination in the teleoperation process is realized.
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CN111590537B (en) * 2020-05-23 2023-01-24 西北工业大学 Teleoperation interactive operation method based on force position feedback
WO2022002159A1 (en) * 2020-07-01 2022-01-06 北京术锐技术有限公司 Master-slave motion control method, robot system, device, and storage medium
CN115570558B (en) * 2022-10-28 2023-07-11 武汉恒新动力科技有限公司 Somatosensory collaborative teleoperation system and method for controlled object cluster
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