CN110355472A - 一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法 - Google Patents

一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法 Download PDF

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CN110355472A
CN110355472A CN201910388800.8A CN201910388800A CN110355472A CN 110355472 A CN110355472 A CN 110355472A CN 201910388800 A CN201910388800 A CN 201910388800A CN 110355472 A CN110355472 A CN 110355472A
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welding
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赵剑峰
谢德巧
梁绘昕
吕非
沈理达
田宗军
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：步骤1，基于焊接组织形态优、缺陷少的焊接参数，利用固定宽度和长度的焊接板进行约束力的标定；步骤2，利用结构静力学仿真，在模型上对焊缝施加对称约束力，约束力的大小为步骤1标定的约束力大小，方向为沿焊缝中线对称，指向中线；步骤3，对模型中的特征点施加固定约束，进行网格划分后计算变形，即为薄板焊接变形结果。该方法对于焊接变形，尤其是复杂焊缝的焊接件变形进行预测，利用结构静力学模型快速计算出变形形式，并根据实际结果快速响应、修正参数，具有高速度、高精度的变形预测优势，有效指导焊接工艺规划。

Description

一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法
技术领域
本发明属于焊接技术领域，具体涉及一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，适用于薄板拼焊的变形预测。
背景技术
焊接技术广泛应用与桥梁建筑、船舶、航空航天、汽车等领域，但是焊接过程产生变形是难以避免的一大难题。目前，对于薄板焊接而言，大多采用热弹性有限元仿真的方法开展变形预测，从而更好地指导工艺及焊缝规划，这一点对于复杂焊缝的焊接而言尤其重要。但是现有的方法仿真速度慢，与实际变形有一点的误差。
申请号201310060406.4 公开了一种焊接变形分析预测方法，属于焊接技术领域。其包括：（1）实际测量步骤；（2）对所述焊接模拟件进行计算机辅助工程（CAE）分析步骤；（3）对整个焊接工件的CAE分析步骤。该焊接变形分析预测方法使焊接变形的分析预测准确可靠，从而可以有效地优化焊接方法，非常有利于减小焊接变形量。但是该方法计算焊接变形的计算时间较长，特别是对于大型结构、复杂焊道而言，仿真计算时间甚至可达1个月。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，该方法对于焊接变形，尤其是复杂焊缝的焊接件变形进行快速预测，利用结构静力学模型快速计算出变形形式，并根据实际结果快速响应、修正参数，具有高速度、高精度的变形预测优势，有效指导焊接工艺规划。
一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，基于焊接组织形态优、缺陷少的焊接参数，利用固定宽度和长度的焊接板进行约束力的标定；
步骤2，利用结构静力学仿真，在模型上对焊缝施加对称约束力，约束力的大小为步骤1标定的约束力大小，方向为沿焊缝中线对称，指向中线；
步骤3，对模型中的特征点施加固定约束，进行网格划分后计算变形，即为薄板焊接变形结果。
作为改进的是，所述特征点为焊件边缘或焊件中线。
作为改进的是，步骤3中所述的变形结果包括变形形式和最大变形量。
有益效果：
该方法对于焊接变形，尤其是复杂焊缝的焊接件变形进行快速预测，利用结构静力学模型快速计算出变形形式，并根据实际结果快速响应、修正参数，具有高速度、高精度的变形预测优势，有效指导焊接工艺规划。
附图说明
图1为单道拼焊约束力加载示意图；
图2为同方向两道拼焊约束力加载示意图；
图3为同方向两道拼焊约束力加载示意图；
其中，1-待焊接件，2-加载约束力，3-焊缝，4-焊缝中线。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细介绍。
实施例1
一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，包括下列步骤：
步骤1，基于焊接组织形态优、缺陷少的焊接参数，利用固定宽度和长度（如待焊件20mm宽、100mm长）的焊接板进行约束力的标定（对于焊接组织形态优、缺陷少为标准，一般经过多次试验即可获得）；以4毫米厚316L不锈钢为例，激光焊接参数为2800W，1.5m/min，利用结构静力学仿真计算10kN的最大变形量，再利用实际测量的最大变形量与之比较，计算可得标定约束力为20kN。
步骤2，利用结构静力学仿真，在模型上对焊缝施加对称约束力20kN，如附图1所示，约束力的大小为步骤1标定的约束力大小，方向为沿焊缝中线对称，指向中线；
步骤3，对模型中的特征点（如焊件边缘、中线上）施加固定约束（所述的固定约束，是为了防止施加力后产生运动，这个根据结构特征选定，不同结构加固定约束的位置不同），进行网格划分后计算变形，即为薄板焊接变形结果，包括变形形式和最大变形量。
实施例2
一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，包括下列步骤：
步骤1，基于焊接组织形态优、缺陷少的焊接参数，利用固定宽度和长度（如待焊件20mm宽、100mm长）的焊接板进行约束力的标定；以4毫米厚45钢为例，激光焊接参数为2500W，1.5m/min，利用结构静力学仿真计算10kN的最大变形量，再利用实际测量的最大变形量与之比较，标定约束力为18kN。
步骤2，利用结构静力学仿真，在模型上对焊缝施加对称约束力18kN，如附图2所示，约束力的大小为步骤1标定的约束力大小，方向为沿焊缝中线对称，指向中线；
步骤3，对模型中的特征点（如焊件边缘、中线上）施加固定约束，进行网格划分后计算变形，即为薄板焊接变形结果，包括变形形式和最大变形量。
实施例3
一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，包括下列步骤：
步骤1，基于焊接组织形态优、缺陷少的焊接参数，利用固定宽度和长度（如待焊件20mm宽、100mm长）的焊接板进行约束力的标定；以4毫米厚6061铝合金为例，激光焊接参数为3500W，1.5m/min，利用结构静力学仿真计算10kN的最大变形量，再利用实际测量的最大变形量与之比较，标定约束力为14kN。
步骤2，利用结构静力学仿真，在模型上对焊缝施加对称约束力14kN，如附图3所示，约束力的大小为步骤1标定的约束力大小，方向为沿焊缝中线对称，指向中线；
步骤3，对模型中的特征点（如焊件边缘、中线上）施加固定约束，进行网格划分后计算变形，即为薄板焊接变形结果，包括变形形式和最大变形量。
由本例可见，利用本方法计算薄板焊接变形仅需1秒，而常规的热弹塑性有限元仿真需1-10小时，显著节约计算时间，便于快速优化焊接工艺。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，本发明的保护范围不限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可显而易见地得到的技术方案的简单变化或等效替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：步骤1，基于焊接组织形态优、缺陷少的焊接参数，利用固定宽度和长度的焊接板进行约束力的标定；步骤2，利用结构静力学仿真，在模型上对焊缝施加对称约束力，约束力的大小为步骤1标定的约束力大小，方向为沿焊缝中线对称，指向中线；步骤3，对模型中的特征点施加固定约束，进行网格划分后计算变形，即为薄板焊接变形结果。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，其特征在于，所述特征点为焊件边缘或焊件中线。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于约束力预测薄板拼焊变形的方法，其特征在于，步骤3中所述的变形结果包括变形形式和最大变形量。
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Application publication date: 20191022