CN110353790B - Tool for assisting parallel of branched chain of external bone fixator and force line of lower limb - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool for assisting a branched chain of an external bone fixator to be parallel to a force line of a lower limb, wherein the external bone fixator comprises a branched chain of the external bone fixator and two identical rings fixed at two ends of the branched chain, and positioning holes corresponding to each other are distributed on the two rings; each clamping mechanism comprises a clamping mechanism shell and at least three spring retainers arranged at different positions of the shell, and grooves are formed in the inner periphery of the clamping mechanism shell to facilitate the spring retainers to move to proper positions; the clamping mechanism with the visible light emitting device can realize accurate hole alignment positioning between two rings of the clamped external bone fixator by using the visible light emitting device and the positioning hole. The invention has the advantages of accurate positioning and convenient use.

Description

A tool for assisting the parallelism of the branch chain of the bone external fixator with the lower limb force line

technical field

The present invention relates to auxiliary tool design, especially a tool design only used to ensure that the branch chain of an external fixator is parallel to the lower limb's line of force.

Background technique

Tibial plateau fracture is a common fracture in clinical practice, and its treatment follows the principles of intra-articular fracture treatment. The goal of treatment is to achieve anatomical reduction of the articular surface, restore the normal line of force, perform strong fixation, and protect the soft tissue to the greatest extent. The end result is good joint function. The complex tibial plateau fracture caused by high-energy injury is a difficult problem. The traditional treatment of tibial fracture includes three steps, namely fracture reduction, postoperative fixation and functional rehabilitation of the fracture. The reduction methods of tibia and fibula fractures are highly dependent on the physician's experience, and the effect is not ideal; fracture fixation methods include traditional plaster cast, external splint fixation, intramedullary nail, internal plate fixation, and single-arm external fixation. Traditional surgical treatment is not suitable for the growth process of broken bones; wound infection, blood vessel and nerve injury are prone to occur during fracture rehabilitation, and the incidence of refracture is 20%; the existing fracture treatment technology is extremely inconsistent with the development trend of minimally invasive and precise modern medicine. , The new bone external fixator can take into account the minimally invasive, precise and stable, so it is currently considered to be the most effective fracture fixation method with great development potential. At present, the most commonly used bone external fixators are Illzarov technology, Taylor space bracket, Orthofix, Tianmu and so on.

In the aspect of fracture rehabilitation, a new evaluation method is to measure the ratio of the axial load of the external fixator to the patient's body weight by in vitro measurement to evaluate the degree of bone healing, and to explore the safe removal time of the external fixator. In this method, the most used bone external fixator is the Illzarov technique.

The operation process of the new method for evaluating fracture rehabilitation is as follows: a tension and pressure sensor is installed in parallel axially on the bone external fixator, and the patient is made to stand upright in the later stage of fracture healing (before the bone external fixator is removed), that is, the process of applying axial pressure, and the patient is measured. The load sharing ratio of the external fixator under the condition of full weight bearing, combined with clinical manifestations and X-ray films, was used to judge the safe removal time. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the working principle of the external bone fixator. A sensor is connected to each branch chain, and the load sharing ratio is calculated by the collected sensor values. The model shown in Figure 1 includes two rings of external fixators, three branches of external fixators, a sensor in the middle of the branches, a fractured leg bone model, a Kirschner wire for fixing the leg bone, and a Kirschner wire fixator. All connections in Figure 1 are bolted connections, except for the K-wires, other structures can be assembled and disassembled at any time.

In the process of measuring the load sharing ratio, the direction of the tension and pressure on the sensor is required to be consistent with the direction of the force on the lower limb during the movement of the human body. If the pressure on the sensor is inconsistent with the direction of the lower limb force line, the measured value is not accurate. Inaccurate judgment of the removal timing of the device may lead to secondary injury to the patient. Therefore, the branch chain of the external fixator is parallel to the lower limb line of force, and the branch chain of the external fixator is installed by means of the ring of the external fixator, so this installation method requires that the plane of the ring of the external fixator is perpendicular to the line of force of the lower limb. Therefore, three problems are involved in the measurement process, namely, the parallelism of the rings of the two external fixators; the perpendicularity between the rings of the external fixator and the branch of the external fixator; and the determination of the installation holes of the branch of the external fixator.

Problem 1: The current method to solve the parallelism of the rings of two external fixators is to install three branches of external fixators, measure the length of each branch of external fixators with a ruler, and use a ruler to measure the length of each branch of external fixators. The lengths of the branches are the same, and the rings of the two external fixators are considered to be parallel.

Question 2: At present, the method to solve the problem that the rings of the external fixator are perpendicular to the branches of the external fixator is to install the three branches of the external fixator, and then use the side angle APP or protractor in the mobile phone to place the protractor vertically on the On the ring, check whether the branch of the external fixator passes through the 90° mark on the protractor.

Question 3: At present, the solution to the determination of the hole position is based on the physician's experience. Because the distance between the rings of the two external fixators is relatively large, and there are many holes on the rings, when a branch chain is installed, which two holes on the rings of the two external fixators can ensure the The anchor chain is passed through perpendicular to the plane of the ring, and the doctor does this through constant observation and trial.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a tool for assisting the parallelism of the branch chain of the external fixator with the lower limb force line, to reduce the measurement error of the sensor, to obtain a more accurate sharing ratio value, and to guide the external fixation bracket. Demolition time, to ensure the rehabilitation of patients with fractures. The technical solution is as follows:

A tool for assisting a branch of an external fixator to be parallel to the lower limb line of force, the external fixator comprising a branch of the external fixator and two identical rings fixed at both ends of the branch. The positioning holes corresponding to each other are distributed on the upper part, and it is characterized in that the tool includes two clamping mechanisms with the same structure and a connecting rod that ensures the parallelism of the two clamping mechanisms, and the two clamping mechanisms are respectively used to clamp a bone Rings of external fixators, one of which carries a visible light emitting device, wherein,

Each clamping mechanism includes a clamping mechanism casing and at least three spring holders arranged at different positions on the casing, the inner circumference of the clamping mechanism casing is provided with grooves to facilitate the spring holder to move to a proper position;

A clamping mechanism with a visible light emitting device, the visible light emitting device includes a emitting head 4, a slider 7 and a connecting rod connected between the two, and a chute is provided on the clamping device 2, and the slider 7 can slide It moves in the groove, and the emitting head is provided with a part that matches the size of the positioning hole on the ring of the external bone fixator, which can be fixed on a positioning hole, and the external bone fixator can be clamped by using the visible light emitting device and the positioning hole. accurate hole positioning between the two rings.

Preferably, the spring holder includes a spring 1, a clamping device 2 and a moving wrench 3. The outer side of the moving wrench 3 is matched with the groove on the inner circumference of the casing, and can move along the groove. A spring 1 is connected between the devices 2, and the clamping device 2 is pressed against the outer circumference of the ring of the external bone fixator through the spring 1. The visible light emitting device is a red laser emitting device. The link connecting the two clamping mechanisms is a retractable link.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: using the clamping mechanisms I and II to precisely fix the ring of the external bone fixator, the spring fixator V mentioned above can slide on the clamping mechanism shell IV, and the adjustment function of the spring 1 can also meet different requirements. The diameter of the ring is used; the red laser emitting device VI is installed on the spring fixator V, which can be adjusted on the clamping device 2 of the spring fixator V, so that the position of the red laser beam is the position of the external fixator branch after installation. position, so as to accurately determine the position of the hole on the ring of the external bone fixator through which the branch chain of the external bone fixator passes, and ensure that the installation position of the branch chain of the external bone fixator is perpendicular to the plane where the ring of the external bone fixator is located.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the external fixator

Fig. 2 is a kind of tool structure schematic diagram of an auxiliary bone external fixator branch chain parallel to the lower limb line of force proposed by the present invention

Fig. 3 is the working schematic diagram of a tool proposed by the present invention that the branch chain of the auxiliary bone external fixator is parallel to the lower limb line of force

Fig. 4 is the working schematic diagram of a tool in which the branch chain of the auxiliary bone external fixator is parallel to the lower limb line of force proposed by the present invention

Figure 5 is a structural diagram of the clamping mechanism I of the present invention

Fig. 6 is the working schematic diagram of clamping mechanism I of the present invention

Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of the shell of the clamping mechanism of the present invention

Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of the housing of the clamping mechanism of the present invention

Fig. 9 is the working schematic diagram of the shell of the clamping mechanism of the present invention

Figure 10 is a structural diagram of the spring retainer of the present invention

FIG. 11 is a schematic front view of the red laser emitting device installed on the spring holder of the present invention

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the back of the spring holder installed with the red laser emitting device of the present invention

FIG. 13 is a schematic front view of the red laser emitting device of the present invention

Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the back of the red laser emitting device of the present invention

15 is a structural diagram of a connecting rod of the present invention.

Reference signs: Clamping mechanism I Clamping mechanism II Linking rod III Clamping mechanism shell IV Spring holder V Red laser emitting device VI Spring 1 Clamping device 2 Spring holder moving wrench 3 Red laser emitting device Launching head 4 Red laser Launching device connecting rod 5 Red laser launching device button battery box 6 Red laser launching device slider 7 Threaded hole for fixing clamping mechanism 8 Connecting rod inner section 9 Connecting rod outer section 10 Fixing clamping mechanism slider 11 Spring retainer Ⅴ and Clamping mechanism housing IV contact surface 31 Spring holder V and clamping mechanism housing IV contact surface 32 Spring holder V and clamping mechanism housing IV contact surface 33 Red laser emitting device slider 7 and clamping device 2 Contact surface 71 The contact surface 72 of the clamping device 2 with the ring of the external fixator.

Detailed ways

In order to further understand the content, characteristics and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are listed and described in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows:

As shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, a tool of the present invention for the auxiliary bone external fixator branch chain parallel to the lower limb line of force is mainly divided into three parts, the clamping mechanism I, the clamping mechanism without the red laser emitting device Ⅱ. Connecting rod Ⅲ that ensures the parallelism of the two clamping mechanisms.

The tool for assisting the parallelism of the branch chain of the external bone fixator with the lower limb force line of the present invention solves the three problems mentioned in the background art, that is, the parallelism of the rings of the two external bone fixators; the rings of the external bone fixator and the external fixation The branch chain of the external fixator is vertical; the determination of the installation hole position of the branch chain of the external fixator.

Solve problem one:

The present invention ensures that the rings of the two external bone fixators are parallel. As shown in Figures 2 to 3, the clamping mechanism I and the clamping mechanism II are placed at the two right-angle parts of the connecting rod III, and the slider 11 and the threaded hole 8 are used. Fixing, the right-angle rods 9 and 10 ensure that the clamping mechanism I and the clamping mechanism II placed at the right angle are parallel, and the clamping mechanism is used for the fixation of the rings of two external bone fixators, and further two external bone fixators are obtained. The rings are parallel.

Solve problem two:

Ensure that the ring of the external fixator is perpendicular to the branch chain of the external bone fixator. The above has ensured that the rings of the external bone fixator are parallel. The connection between the branch chain of the external bone fixator and the ring of the external bone fixator is bolt connection. The ring of the fixator has a smooth surface and uniform thickness, and the branch chain of the external fixator itself is a bolt, so the branch chain of the external fixator is sure to be perpendicular to the ring after installation.

Solve problem three:

Determine the hole for the installation of the branch of the bone external fixator. This problem is solved by means of the straight-line propagation technology of light. As shown in Figure 6, the red laser emitting device VI on the spring fixator V can move along the green track, and the three red Slide or rotate the transmitter head 4 of the laser emitting device to a position that blocks the hole marked by any red indicator point, press the battery box 6 of the red laser emitting device to supply power, and the emitted red laser is mapped to the external fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II If the 3 red laser beams just pass through the 3 holes on the ring of the external fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II, then these 3 holes and the 3 holes blocked by the transmitting head of the red laser emitting device are The location where the external fixator branch chain is installed. If the red laser is emitted onto the ring surface of the external fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II, then rotate the ring of the external fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II so that the laser can pass through any hole of the ring.

As shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 4 , it is a schematic working diagram of the tool proposed by the present invention. During installation, as shown in Figure 7, the sides of the two clamping mechanisms are opened, placed behind the ring of the external fixator, and the opened parts are returned to their original positions. Use the spring retainer to move the wrench 3 to adjust the position of the spring retainer V on the clamping mechanism shell IV. The relative position of the spring retainer V and the clamping mechanism shell IV is shown in Figures 5 and 9. The spring retainer V is located in the clamping mechanism. There are three contact surfaces 31, 32, 33 in the groove on the inner side of the housing IV of the holding mechanism, and the three spring fixators V are optimally spaced at 120° (as shown in Figure 6). Tighten, fix the clamping mechanism I between the right angle bend of the connecting rod inner section 9 and the connecting rod slider 11, and the clamping mechanism II between the right angle bend of the connecting rod outer section 10 and the connecting rod slider 11.

Next, adjust the three red laser emission devices VI. The red laser emitting device VI is located on the spring holder Ⅴ, and the relative position is shown in Figure 11. The red laser emitting device slider 7 slides in the groove on the clamping device 2 of the spring holder Ⅴ, and the contact surface 71 is red The bottom of the groove of the slider 7 of the laser emitting device and the clamping device 2. Slide or rotate the firing head 4 of the red laser emitting device, so that the firing head 4 just covers the hole on the ring of the bone external fixator, as shown in Figure 6, the red indicated point is the hole position that can be covered. Press the battery box 6 of the red laser emitting device to supply power, and rotate the ring of the external fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II according to the emitted laser beam, so that the three rays of light just pass through the three holes of the other ring.

Move the whole tool and observe that when the position of the connecting rod III is parallel to the lower limb line of force, one person keeps the tool still, and the other person installs the external fixator branch chain according to the hole position determined by the red laser emitting device VI. The position of the branch chain of the bone external fixator obtained in this way is parallel to the force line of the lower limb, the direction of the force applied by the sensor is consistent with the direction of force applied to the lower limb during movement, and the value measured by the sensor is more instructive.

The clamping mechanism I, as shown in Figures 5 to 6, consists of three parts, the clamping mechanism shell IV, the spring holder V and the red laser emitting device VI.

The clamping mechanism shell IV, as shown in Figures 7 to 9, adopts the design of through holes, so that the ring of the external bone fixator is exposed, which is convenient for the installation of the branch chain of the external bone fixator. There are grooves on the inside of the shell, which is convenient for the spring fixator V to move to an appropriate position, and does not affect the doctor's installation and disassembly of the external fixator. The shell of the clamping mechanism can be separated, so that the clamping mechanism can be directly put on the patient's leg without the patient raising the leg, which reduces the possibility of damage to the affected area caused by the movement.

The spring holder V, as shown in Figures 10 to 12, includes a spring 1, a clamping device 2, and a spring holder moving wrench 3. There are two reasons for using springs. One is to use the elasticity of the spring to clamp the ring of the external fixator. Meet the use of rings of different diameters and reduce waste of resources.

The red laser emitting device VI, as shown in 13 to 14, moves on the clamping device 2 of the spring holder V through the red laser emitting device slider 7, and is powered by a micro button battery 6, and the spherical part is the red laser emitting device. The transmitting head 4 can rotate around the button battery 6 through the red laser transmitting device connecting rod 5, and the rotation range is 0-360°, which is convenient for the infrared transmitting device to accurately align the holes.

The connecting rod III, as shown in FIG. 15 , includes a threaded hole 8 for fixing the clamping mechanism, an inner section 9 of the connecting rod, an outer section 10 of the connecting rod, and a slider 11 for fixing the clamping mechanism. The connecting rod is designed in a retractable form, because the fractured part of the patient is uncertain whether it is a small part of a fracture or a large-area fracture, so there is no definite length when the bone external fixator is installed, and the tool mentioned in the present invention can meet the requirements The length should not be limited to a specific value, and the use of telescopic form can meet the needs of the stent with indefinite length. The connecting rod is composed of two right-angle rods. The clamping mechanism I and II are placed at the right-angle part, clamped with the slider, and then through the threaded hole 8, the clamping mechanism I and II and the connecting rod are fixed for the second time to ensure the stability of the tool. Therefore, the two clamping mechanisms I and II fixed with the connecting rod are parallel to ensure that the two rings of the external fixator are parallel.

Claims (3)

1. A tool for assisting the parallel of the branched chain of an external bone fixator and the force line of the lower limb of the external bone fixator, wherein the external bone fixator comprises a branched chain of the external bone fixator and two identical rings fixed at the two ends of the branched chain, and positioning holes corresponding to each other are distributed on the two rings, the tool is characterized by comprising two clamping mechanisms with the same structure and a connecting rod for ensuring the two clamping mechanisms to be parallel, each of the two clamping mechanisms is used for clamping a ring of the external bone fixator, one of the two clamping mechanisms is provided with a visible light emitting device, wherein,

each clamping mechanism comprises a clamping mechanism shell and at least three spring retainers arranged at different positions of the shell, and grooves are formed in the inner periphery of the clamping mechanism shell to facilitate the spring retainers to move to proper positions;

the clamping mechanism with the visible light emitting device comprises an emitting head (4), a slider (7) and a connecting rod connected between the emitting head and the slider, wherein a sliding groove is formed in a clamping device (2), the slider (7) can move in the sliding groove, the emitting head is provided with a part matched with the size of a positioning hole in a ring of the external bone fixator, the emitting head can be fixed on a certain positioning hole, and accurate hole-aligning positioning between the two rings of the clamped external bone fixator can be realized by using the visible light emitting device and the positioning hole;

the spring fixer comprises a spring (1), a clamping device (2) and a movable wrench (3), wherein the outer side of the movable wrench (3) is matched with the inner circumferential groove of the shell and can move along the groove, the spring (1) is connected between the movable wrench (3) and the clamping device (2), and the clamping device (2) is pressed against the outer periphery of the ring of the bone external fixator through the spring (1).

2. The tool of claim 1 wherein said visible light emitting device is a red laser emitting device.

3. The tool of claim 1 wherein the link connecting the two gripping mechanisms is a telescopic link.

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