CN110353790B - Tool for assisting parallel of branched chain of external bone fixator and force line of lower limb - Google Patents
Tool for assisting parallel of branched chain of external bone fixator and force line of lower limb Download PDFInfo
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- CN110353790B CN110353790B CN201910580610.6A CN201910580610A CN110353790B CN 110353790 B CN110353790 B CN 110353790B CN 201910580610 A CN201910580610 A CN 201910580610A CN 110353790 B CN110353790 B CN 110353790B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
- A61B17/62—Ring frames, i.e. devices extending around the bones to be positioned
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tool for assisting a branched chain of an external bone fixator to be parallel to a force line of a lower limb, wherein the external bone fixator comprises a branched chain of the external bone fixator and two identical rings fixed at two ends of the branched chain, and positioning holes corresponding to each other are distributed on the two rings; each clamping mechanism comprises a clamping mechanism shell and at least three spring retainers arranged at different positions of the shell, and grooves are formed in the inner periphery of the clamping mechanism shell to facilitate the spring retainers to move to proper positions; the clamping mechanism with the visible light emitting device can realize accurate hole alignment positioning between two rings of the clamped external bone fixator by using the visible light emitting device and the positioning hole. The invention has the advantages of accurate positioning and convenient use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an auxiliary tool design, in particular to a tool design only used for ensuring that a branched chain of an external bone fixator is parallel to a force line of a lower limb.
Background
The tibial plateau fracture is a common fracture in clinic, the treatment follows the treatment principle of intra-articular fracture, and the aim of the treatment is to achieve anatomical reduction of the joint surface, recover the normal force line, perform strong fixation, protect soft tissues to the maximum extent and finally obtain good joint function. Complex tibial plateau fractures caused by high energy injuries are a delicate problem, and traditional tibial fracture treatment involves three links, namely fracture reduction, postoperative fixation and functional rehabilitation of the fracture. The tibiofibula fracture reduction method is highly dependent on the experience of doctors, and the effect is not ideal; the fracture fixation method comprises the traditional plaster and splint external fixation, intramedullary nail and steel plate internal fixation and single-arm external fixation. Traditional surgical treatment is not suitable for the growth process of fractured bones; wound infection and vascular nerve injury are easy to occur during fracture rehabilitation, and the incidence rate of re-fracture is 20%; the existing fracture treatment technology is not very consistent with the minimally invasive and accurate development trend of modern medicine, and the novel external bone fixator can be minimally invasive, accurate and stable, so that the current external bone fixator is considered to be the most effective fracture fixation mode with huge development potential. Currently, the most used external bone fixator comprises an Illzarov technology, a Taylor space bracket, Orthofix, an eyepiece and the like.
In the aspect of fracture rehabilitation, a novel evaluation method comprises the following steps: the sharing ratio of the axial load of the external bone fixator to the weight of the patient is measured in an in vitro measuring mode to evaluate the bone healing degree, and the safe dismantling time of the external bone fixator is discussed. The most used extraosseous fixator in this method is the ilzarov technique.
The novel method for evaluating fracture rehabilitation comprises the following operation processes: the tension and pressure sensors are axially and parallelly installed on the external bone fixator, a patient stands upright at the later stage of fracture healing (before the external bone fixator is disassembled), namely the process of applying axial pressure is carried out, the load sharing ratio of the external bone fixator under the condition that the patient bears the load completely is measured, and the safe disassembly time is judged by combining clinical manifestations and an x-ray sheet. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the external bone fixator, wherein a sensor is connected to each branched chain, and the load sharing ratio is calculated through the acquired sensor numerical value. The model shown in fig. 1 comprises two rings of external bone fixator, three branches of external bone fixator, sensor in the middle of branch, fracture leg bone model, kirschner wire for fixing leg bone and kirschner wire fixator. All connections in fig. 1 are bolt connections, and except for the kirschner wires, other structures can be detached at any time.
In the process of measuring the load sharing ratio, the pulling pressure direction of the sensor is required to be consistent with the stress direction of the lower limbs in the process of walking of the human body, if the pressure of the sensor is inconsistent with the force line direction of the lower limbs, the measured numerical value is inaccurate, the judgment on the dismantling time of the external bone fixator is inaccurate, and secondary injury of a patient can be caused. Therefore, the branched chain of the external bone fixator is parallel to the lower limb force line, and the branched chain of the external bone fixator is installed by the ring of the external bone fixator, so the installation mode requires that the plane of the ring of the external bone fixator is vertical to the lower limb force line. There are 3 problems involved in the measurement process, namely the parallelism of the rings of the 2 extraosseous fixators; the ring of the external bone fixator is vertical to the branched chain of the external bone fixator; and (4) determining the mounting hole position of the branched chain of the external bone fixator.
The first problem is that: at present, the method for solving the ring parallelism of 2 external bone fixator is to mount 3 branched chains of the external bone fixator, measure the length of each branched chain of the external bone fixator by using a ruler, and consider that the rings of two external bone fixators are parallel, wherein the lengths of the 3 branched chains of the external bone fixators are the same.
The second problem is that: at present, a method for solving the problem that a ring of an external bone fixator is perpendicular to branched chains of the external bone fixator is to mount 3 branched chains of the external bone fixator, vertically place a protractor on the ring by using a side angle APP or the protractor in a mobile phone, and check whether the branched chains of the external bone fixator pass through a scale mark of 90 degrees on the protractor.
The third problem is that: the current solution to hole site determination is through physician experience. Because the distance between the rings of the two external bone fixator is larger, and the hole positions on the rings are more, when one branched chain is installed, which two holes on the rings of the two external bone fixator can just ensure that the branched chain of the external bone fixator penetrates through the plane vertical to the plane where the rings are located, and doctors complete the operation through continuous observation and trial.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a tool for assisting the parallel of the branched chain of the external bone fixator and the force line of the lower limb, reduces the measurement error of a sensor, obtains a more accurate share ratio value, guides the removal time of an external fixing support and ensures the recovery of the fracture of a patient. The technical scheme is as follows:
a tool for assisting the parallel of the branched chain of an external bone fixator and the force line of the lower limb, the external bone fixator comprises a branched chain of the external bone fixator and two identical rings fixed at the two ends of the branched chain, and positioning holes corresponding to each other are distributed on the two rings, the tool is characterized by comprising two clamping mechanisms with the same structure and a connecting rod for ensuring the two parts of the clamping mechanisms to be parallel, the two clamping mechanisms are respectively used for clamping the rings of one external bone fixator, one of the clamping mechanisms is provided with a visible light emitting device, wherein,
each clamping mechanism comprises a clamping mechanism shell and at least three spring retainers arranged at different positions of the shell, and grooves are formed in the inner periphery of the clamping mechanism shell to facilitate the spring retainers to move to proper positions;
the clamping mechanism with the visible light emitting device comprises an emitting head 4, a slider 7 and a connecting rod connected between the emitting head and the slider, wherein a sliding groove is formed in the clamping device 2, the slider 7 can move in the sliding groove, the emitting head is provided with a positioning hole size matching part on a ring of the bone external fixator and can be fixed on a certain positioning hole, and accurate hole alignment positioning between two rings of the clamped bone external fixator can be realized by utilizing the visible light emitting device and the positioning hole.
Preferably, the spring fixer comprises a spring 1, a clamping device 2 and a movable wrench 3, the outer side of the movable wrench 3 is matched with the inner circumferential groove of the shell and can move along the groove, the spring 1 is connected between the movable wrench 3 and the clamping device 2, and the clamping device 2 is pressed against the outer circumference of the ring of the bone external fixator through the spring 1. The visible light emitting device is a red laser emitting device. The connecting rod connecting the two clamping mechanisms is a telescopic connecting rod.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the clamping mechanisms I and II are used for accurately fixing rings of the external bone fixator, the spring fixator V can slide on the clamping mechanism shell IV, and the adjusting action of the spring 1 can meet the requirements of the rings with different diameters; the spring fixer V is provided with a red laser emitting device VI which can be adjusted on a clamping device 2 of the spring fixer V, so that the position of a red laser beam is the position of the installed branched chain of the external bone fixator, the position of a hole on the ring of the external bone fixator through which the branched chain of the external bone fixator passes is accurately determined, and the installation position of the branched chain of the external bone fixator is ensured to be vertical to the plane of the ring of the external bone fixator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working principle of the external bone fixator
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a tool for assisting the parallel of the branch chain of the external bone fixator and the force line of the lower limb according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the tool for assisting the parallel of the branch chain of the external bone fixator and the lower limb force line
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the tool for assisting the parallel of the branch chain of the external bone fixator and the lower limb force line
FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of a holding means I of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the operation of the clamping mechanism I of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a view showing the structure of the housing of the chucking mechanism of the present invention
FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial view of the clamping mechanism housing of the present invention
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the operation of the fixture housing of the present invention
FIG. 10 is a view showing the construction of a spring holder of the present invention
FIG. 11 is a front view of the spring holder mounted red laser emitting device of the present invention
FIG. 12 is a rear schematic view of a spring holder mounted red laser emitting device of the present invention
FIG. 13 is a front view of a red laser emitting device according to the present invention
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the back side of the red laser emitting device of the present invention
Fig. 15 is a connecting rod structure diagram of the invention.
Reference numerals: a clamping mechanism I, a clamping mechanism II, a connecting rod III, a clamping mechanism housing IV, a spring fixer V, a spring fixer 2, a spring fixer movable wrench 3, a red laser emitting device emitting head 4, a red laser emitting device connecting rod 5, a red laser emitting device button battery box 6, a red laser emitting device slider 7, a threaded hole 8, a connecting rod inner section 9, a connecting rod outer section 10, a clamping mechanism slider 11, a clamping mechanism housing IV contact surface 31, a spring fixer V, a clamping mechanism housing IV contact surface 32, a spring fixer V, a clamping mechanism housing IV contact surface 33, a red laser emitting device slider 7, a clamping device 2 contact surface 71, a clamping device 2 ring contact surface 72.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are listed, and the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the tool for assisting the parallel of the branched chain of the external bone fixator and the force line of the lower limb is mainly divided into three parts, namely a clamping mechanism I, a clamping mechanism II without a red laser emitting device and a connecting rod III for ensuring the parallel of the two parts of the clamping mechanism.
The tool for assisting the parallel of the branched chain of the external bone fixator and the force line of the lower limb solves 3 problems mentioned in the background technology, namely the parallel of the rings of 2 external bone fixators; the ring of the external bone fixator is vertical to the branched chain of the external bone fixator; and (4) determining the mounting hole position of the branched chain of the external bone fixator.
The first problem is solved:
the invention ensures that the rings of 2 external bone fixators are parallel, as shown in figures 2 to 3, a clamping mechanism I and a clamping mechanism II are arranged at two right-angle parts of a connecting rod III and are fixed by a slide block 11 and a threaded hole 8, right- angle rods 9 and 10 ensure that the clamping mechanism I and the clamping mechanism II arranged at the right-angle parts are parallel, and the clamping mechanisms are used for fixing the rings of 2 external bone fixators, so that the rings of 2 external bone fixators are further parallel.
The second problem is solved:
the ring of the bone external fixator is ensured to be vertical to the branched chain of the bone external fixator, the ring of the bone external fixator is ensured to be parallel, the branched chain of the bone external fixator is connected with the ring of the bone external fixator in a bolt connection mode, the surface of the ring of the bone external fixator is smooth, the thickness of the ring of the bone external fixator is uniform, and the branched chain of the bone external fixator is a bolt, so that the branched chain of the bone external fixator is ensured to be vertical to the ring after being installed.
Solving the third problem:
the method comprises the steps of determining holes for installing branched chains of an external bone fixator and solving the problem by means of a light linear transmission technology, as shown in figure 6, enabling a red laser emitting device VI on a spring fixator V to move along a green track, sliding or rotating 3 red laser emitting device emitting heads 4 to positions for blocking the holes marked by any red indicating point, pressing a battery box 6 of the red laser emitting device to supply power, mapping emitted red laser to rings of the external bone fixator fixed by a clamping mechanism II, and if 3 red laser beams just pass through 3 holes in the rings of the external bone fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II, determining the 3 holes and the 3 holes blocked by the red laser emitting heads as the positions for installing the branched chains of the external bone fixator. If the red laser is emitted to the ring surface of the external bone fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II, the ring of the external bone fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II is rotated, so that the laser can pass through any hole of the ring.
Fig. 3 to 4 are schematic views showing the operation of the tool according to the present invention. During installation, as shown in fig. 7, the lateral sides of the 2 clamping mechanisms are opened and placed behind the ring of the external bone fixator, and the opened parts are restored to the original positions. The spring fixer is used for moving the wrench 3 to adjust the position of the spring fixer V on the clamping mechanism shell IV, the relative position of the spring fixer V and the clamping mechanism shell IV is shown in figures 5 and 9, the spring fixer V is positioned in a groove on the inner side of the clamping mechanism shell IV and is provided with three contact surfaces 31, 32 and 33, the three spring fixers V are optimally spaced by 120 degrees (shown in figure 6), the ring of the external bone fixator is tightly clamped by the elasticity of the spring 1, the clamping mechanism I is fixed between a right-angled bend of the inner section 9 of the connecting rod and the sliding block 11 of the connecting rod, and the clamping mechanism II is fixed between the right-angled bend of the outer section 10 of the connecting rod and the sliding block 11 of the connecting rod.
Next, 3 red laser emitters vi are set. The red laser emitting device VI is positioned on the spring holder V, the relative position is shown in figure 11, the slide 7 of the red laser emitting device slides in the groove on the clamping device 2 of the spring holder V, and the contact surface 71 is the bottom of the groove of the slide 7 of the red laser emitting device and the clamping device 2. The emitting head 4 of the red laser emitting device is slid or rotated so that the emitting head 4 just covers the hole on the ring of the external bone fixator, as shown in fig. 6, the red indicating point is an indication of the hole which can be covered. The battery box 6 of the red laser emitting device is pressed to supply power, and the ring of the external bone fixator fixed by the clamping mechanism II is rotated according to the emitted laser beams, so that the three light rays just pass through the three holes of the other ring.
And moving the whole tool, keeping the tool still by one person when observing that the position of the connecting rod III is parallel to the lower limb force line, and installing the bone external fixator branched chain on the hole position determined by the red laser emitting device VI by the other person. The position of the branched chain of the external bone fixator is parallel to the force line of the lower limb, the stress direction of the sensor is consistent with the stress direction of the lower limb during movement, and the numerical value measured by the sensor has guiding significance.
The clamping mechanism I is composed of three parts, namely a clamping mechanism shell IV, a spring fixer V and a red laser emission device VI, as shown in figures 5 to 6.
The clamping mechanism shell IV adopts a through hole design as shown in fig. 7 to 9, so that a ring of the external bone fixator is exposed, and branched chains of the external bone fixator can be conveniently installed. The spring fixer V is convenient to move to a proper position, and the assembly and disassembly of the external bone fixator by a doctor are not influenced. The clamping mechanism shell can be separated, and the clamping mechanism can be directly sleeved on the leg of the patient without lifting the leg of the patient by the design, so that the possibility of damage to the affected part caused by movement is reduced.
The spring holder v, as shown in fig. 10 to 12, includes a spring 1, a chucking device 2, and a spring holder moving wrench 3. The spring is adopted for two reasons, one is to utilize the elasticity of the spring to clamp the ring of the external bone fixator; the other reason is that the diameters of the rings of the external bone fixator are different and are selected according to the leg thickness of a patient, so that the clamping mechanism needs to meet the use of the rings with different diameters, and the resource waste is reduced.
The red laser emitting device VI is characterized in that as shown in 13-14, a slider 7 of the red laser emitting device moves on a clamping device 2 of a spring fixer V, a miniature button battery 6 is adopted for supplying power, a spherical part is a red laser emitting device emitting head 4, a connecting rod 5 of the red laser emitting device can rotate around the button battery 6, the rotating range is 0-360 degrees, and the infrared emitting device can conveniently and accurately align holes.
The connecting rod III comprises a threaded hole 8 for fixing the clamping mechanism, a connecting rod inner section 9, a connecting rod outer section 10 and a sliding block 11 for fixing the clamping mechanism as shown in fig. 15. The connecting rod is designed into a telescopic form, and because the fractured part of a patient is not determined to be a small part of fracture or a large area of fracture, the external bone fixator has no determined length when being installed, the length which can be met by the tool provided by the invention is not limited to a specific value, and the requirement of the length uncertainty of the support can be met by adopting the telescopic form. The connecting rod comprises two right angle poles, and fixture I and II are placed in the right angle position, with the slider chucking, rethread screw hole 8 carries out the secondary with fixture I and II and connecting rod and fixes, guarantees instrument stability, so 2 fixture I and II fixed with the connecting rod are parallel, and then 2 rings of guaranteeing the external bone fixator are parallel.
Claims (3)
1. A tool for assisting the parallel of the branched chain of an external bone fixator and the force line of the lower limb of the external bone fixator, wherein the external bone fixator comprises a branched chain of the external bone fixator and two identical rings fixed at the two ends of the branched chain, and positioning holes corresponding to each other are distributed on the two rings, the tool is characterized by comprising two clamping mechanisms with the same structure and a connecting rod for ensuring the two clamping mechanisms to be parallel, each of the two clamping mechanisms is used for clamping a ring of the external bone fixator, one of the two clamping mechanisms is provided with a visible light emitting device, wherein,
each clamping mechanism comprises a clamping mechanism shell and at least three spring retainers arranged at different positions of the shell, and grooves are formed in the inner periphery of the clamping mechanism shell to facilitate the spring retainers to move to proper positions;
the clamping mechanism with the visible light emitting device comprises an emitting head (4), a slider (7) and a connecting rod connected between the emitting head and the slider, wherein a sliding groove is formed in a clamping device (2), the slider (7) can move in the sliding groove, the emitting head is provided with a part matched with the size of a positioning hole in a ring of the external bone fixator, the emitting head can be fixed on a certain positioning hole, and accurate hole-aligning positioning between the two rings of the clamped external bone fixator can be realized by using the visible light emitting device and the positioning hole;
the spring fixer comprises a spring (1), a clamping device (2) and a movable wrench (3), wherein the outer side of the movable wrench (3) is matched with the inner circumferential groove of the shell and can move along the groove, the spring (1) is connected between the movable wrench (3) and the clamping device (2), and the clamping device (2) is pressed against the outer periphery of the ring of the bone external fixator through the spring (1).
2. The tool of claim 1 wherein said visible light emitting device is a red laser emitting device.
3. The tool of claim 1 wherein the link connecting the two gripping mechanisms is a telescopic link.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910580610.6A CN110353790B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Tool for assisting parallel of branched chain of external bone fixator and force line of lower limb |
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| CN201910580610.6A CN110353790B (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2019-06-28 | Tool for assisting parallel of branched chain of external bone fixator and force line of lower limb |
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| CN110353790B true CN110353790B (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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| CN113208794B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lower limb fracture reduction parallel robot |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1774223A (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2006-05-17 | 罗斯·哈梅尔 | Craniofacial fracture reduction assembly |
| CN103120600A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-29 | 北京纳通科技集团有限公司 | Tibia osteotomy positioning system and osteotomy plate fixing platform and ankle mortise working platform |
| CN106413603A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-02-15 | 德克萨斯苏格兰儿童医院 | Dynamization module for external fixation strut |
| US10258377B1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2019-04-16 | Orthex, LLC | Point and click alignment method for orthopedic surgeons, and surgical and clinical accessories and devices |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180028129A1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | Robert Ian Broadhead | Method, System, and Apparatus for Aligning Fixator Rings |
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- 2019-06-28 CN CN201910580610.6A patent/CN110353790B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1774223A (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2006-05-17 | 罗斯·哈梅尔 | Craniofacial fracture reduction assembly |
| CN103120600A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-29 | 北京纳通科技集团有限公司 | Tibia osteotomy positioning system and osteotomy plate fixing platform and ankle mortise working platform |
| US10258377B1 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2019-04-16 | Orthex, LLC | Point and click alignment method for orthopedic surgeons, and surgical and clinical accessories and devices |
| CN106413603A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2017-02-15 | 德克萨斯苏格兰儿童医院 | Dynamization module for external fixation strut |
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