CN110348692A - A kind of large size mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation methods, including according to mixed connection multi-reservoir topological structure, obtaining has water, the reservoir set of united peaking with each reservoir；Determine water level bound, power output and the traffic constraints condition of each reservoir day part operation of mixed connection multi-reservoir；Guarantee power output and minimum discharging flow are carried out respectively discrete；To each group of guarantee power output and minimum discharging flow discrete value, mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph is constructed；Simulation calculating is carried out to each mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph；To each minimum discharging flow, multiple target solution space is constructed according to scheme preferred criteria or actual schedule criterion and obtains the optimal scheduling scheme under each minimum discharging flow.The present invention improves original discriminant coefficient, water balance equation and accumulation of energy calculation formula, solves the problems, such as complexity water, united peaking present in the drafting of mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph；The coupling of accumulation of energy scheduling graph and Multiobjective Scheduling is realized simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY optimization operation and electric system generation optimization scheduling fields, more particularly, to one
The large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method of kind.
Background technique
Accumulation of energy scheduling graph is as a kind of conventional multi-reservoir combined dispatching tool, because clearly physical significance joins in multi-reservoir for it
It closes and is had obtained relatively broad application in scheduling, but existing research and application are concentrated mainly on the ladder based on storing and supplying water discriminant method
Grade reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph for existing connection reservoirs, again has the large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir of parallel reservoir, have no correlative study at
Fruit.In addition, and single library scheduling variable is simple, the single difference of target, need to carry out system by the mixed connection multi-reservoir that multiple reservoirs form
One scheduling, unified management, often have the characteristics that dimension is big, target is more.Currently, grinding about multi-reservoir Multiobjective Scheduling
Study carefully and achieve some achievements, but existing correlative study also still has several drawbacks, such as existing research mostly uses greatly optimization algorithm
The optimization of being determined property calculates, and to verify the validity of multiple target method for solving, focuses on the research of Optimized model or algorithm, does not have
There is the practicability of concern optimum results, it is difficult to effectively be applied in actual schedule.Though in addition, there is part to research and propose phase
The scheduling scheme or rule answered have certain practical application effect, but existing research is seldom paid close attention to Multiobjective Scheduling and stored
The combination problem of energy scheduling graph.
It is drawn different from simple step reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph, large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph is drawn
When the factor that considers it is numerous, drawing process is more difficult and complicated, and have following two big difficult points: (1) mixed connection multi-reservoir is swum up and down
Waterpower relationship between library is increasingly complex for simple step reservoir, and direct or indirect between the reservoir of part there are water
Amount, united peaking, and water, united peaking are not present between the reservoir of part.Therefore, how effectively by this complicated water,
United peaking, which is coupled to mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph, to be drawn with during the entire process of simulation, and there is presently no more mature
Method solves the problems, such as this；(2) He Danku scheduling variable is simple, the single difference of target, the mixed connection multi-reservoir being made of multiple reservoirs
Often have the characteristics that dimension is big, target is more.Therefore, for the actual schedule problem of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir, how by mixed connection
Multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph is combined with Multiobjective Scheduling, considers flood control, power generation (including generated energy, fraction and guarantee power output)
And ecological dispatching target, it proposes the multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph model for being suitable for mixed connection multi-reservoir and its method for solving is current
A big difficulty.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy tune
Spend figure calculation method, it is intended to which water complicated between reservoir each in mixed connection reservoir group system, united peaking are coupled to accumulation of energy scheduling
In figure drafting and simulation process, and Multi-Objective Scheduling is combined with accumulation of energy scheduling graph, obtains being suitable for mixed connection multi-reservoir
Multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculating sides
Method, comprising:
(1) according to mixed connection multi-reservoir topological structure, the S set, DownRes set and UpRes set of each reservoir are obtained, and
Determine water level bound, power output and the traffic constraints condition of each reservoir day part operation of the mixed connection multi-reservoir；
Wherein, S set is the upper pond number set for having direct water to contact with current reservoir, and DownRes set is
Current reservoir and there is the lower reservoir number of united peaking to gather with current reservoir, UpRes set be do not include current reservoir and
The upper pond number for having water to contact with current reservoir is gathered；
(2) power output is initially ensured that according to system, building guarantees power output optimizing section, in guarantee power output optimizing section
To guaranteeing that it is discrete that power output carries out, multiple guarantee power output discrete value TN are obtainedi(i=1,2 ..., M), and according to upstream power station reality
Minimum discharging flow data establish minimum discharging flow optimizing section, and to most in minimum discharging flow optimizing section
Small letdown flow progress is discrete, obtains multiple minimum discharging flow Qj(j=1,2 ..., N)；
(3) to each group of guarantee power output and minimum discharging flow discrete value, gathered according to gained S set, DownRes,
UpRes set, water level bound, power output and traffic constraints condition construct mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph；
(4) simulation calculating is carried out to each mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph, obtains generated energy, power generation fraction and downstream
Section minimum ecological discharge Service Efficiency；
(5) to each minimum discharging flow, building includes generated energy, power generation fraction and the multiple target solution for guaranteeing power output
Space obtains the optimal scheduling scheme under each minimum discharging flow according to actual schedule demand.
Further, guarantee power output optimizing section is (0.7TN0,1.3TN0) or (0.6TN0,1.4TN0)；
Wherein, TN0Power output is initially ensured that for mixed connection reservoir group system.
Further, to each group of guarantee power output and minimum discharging flow discrete value described in step (3), according to gained S
Set, DownRes set, UpRes set, water level bound, power output and traffic constraints condition construct mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy tune
Degree figure, specifically includes:
(3.1) it obtains and dispatches line substantially up and down；
The typical Fuzzy Period of Runoff Series of Y is chosen from long serial history Streamflow Data, and according to discriminant coefficient and constraint condition, warp
The total accumulation of energy of system at the beginning of each Typical Year mixed connection multi-reservoir day part of inverse time sequence recurrence calculation；
Using the envelope curve up and down of the total accumulation of energy change curve of system corresponding to each Typical Year as basic scheduling line up and down；
(3.2) it obtains and dispatches typical runoff process corresponding to line substantially up and down；
Assuming that total inbound traffics TQ of mixed connection reservoir group system present period, and will be total according to average annual runoff distribution proportion
Inbound traffics TQ is assigned to each reservoir, obtains the corresponding typical runoff in each library in the mixed connection water reservoir system of hypothesis；
Total accumulation of energy ES at the beginning of calculating mixed connection reservoir present period according to discriminant coefficient and constraint condition, and adjusted from basic up and down
Corresponding total accumulation of energy ES ' at the beginning of reading present period is spent on line；
Compare total accumulation of energy ES of calculating and total accumulation of energy ES ' of reading；If equal, with each in the mixed connection water reservoir system of hypothesis
The corresponding typical runoff in library is as the corresponding typical runoff in library each in practical mixed connection water reservoir system；If unequal, more with difference
New total inbound traffics TQ is computed repeatedly until the total accumulation of energy ES calculated is equal with total accumulation of energy ES ' of reading；
(3.3) line of force is increased out according to the acquisition of typical runoff process and reduces out the line of force；
According to the discriminant coefficient, constraint condition, increases or reduce power generating value, dispatches typical case corresponding to line substantially up and down
Runoff process, through the total accumulation of energy of system at the beginning of inverse time sequence recurrence calculation mixed connection multi-reservoir day part；
The total accumulation of energy change procedure of system at the beginning of mixed connection multi-reservoir day part is obtained, and with the total accumulation of energy change procedure of gained system
As increasing out the line of force or reduce out the line of force.
Further, the calculation formula of the discriminant coefficient are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate reservoir when discharging water, the corresponding discriminant score of each reservoir, the smaller reservoir of the value first discharges water；When indicating reservoir filling, the corresponding discriminant score of each reservoir, the bigger reservoir elder generation water storage of the value；EsupplyIndicate the i-th water
Library discharges water in the t period and generates electricity and the energy of generation；EW-supplyIndicate the incoming flow W of the i-th reservoir present periodt iBecause the i-th reservoir is put
Energy loss caused by water power generation；EV-supplyIndicate the reservoir storage of the upper pond of the i-th reservoirBecause the i-th reservoir discharges water
Energy loss caused by power generation；Indicate the i-th reservoir in the average water surface area of t period；Indicate the i-th reservoir in t
The average water head of period；EstoreIndicate that the i-th reservoir stores by water storage the energy into reservoir in the t period；EW-storeIndicate the i-th water
The incoming flow W of library present periodt iBecause of the energy increment caused by the i-th reservoir filling；EV-storeIndicate the upper pond of the i-th reservoir
Reservoir storageBecause of the energy increment caused by the i-th reservoir filling.
Further, the constraint condition includes water balance constraint, units limits, restriction of water level, traffic constraints.
Further, the water balance constraint are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate power generation reference flow,It indicates to abandon water flow,Indicate evaporation flow,At the beginning of indicating the period
Storage capacity,Indicate period end storage capacity,Including being let out under local inflow and the upper pond for thering is direct water to contact with the i-th reservoir
Flow, Indicate local inflow of i-th library in the t period,Indicate there is direct water with the i-th library
Measure the letdown flow in the upstream jth library of connection.
Further, the mixed connection reservoir group system accumulation of energy calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, EStIndicate the current accumulation of energy value of mixed connection reservoir group system；Indicate the i-th reservoir in the available water of t period
Amount；Indicate the head in jth library；γ is the specific gravity of water.
Further, simulation calculating is carried out to each mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph described in step (4), it is specific to wrap
It includes:
(4.1) at the beginning of the t period, the total accumulation of energy of reservoir group system is calculated；
(4.2) present period system gross capability is obtained from the mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph according to total accumulation of energy
TLt,chart, and calculate system gross capability TL when only being generated electricity by natural incoming flowt,inflow；
(4.3) judge present period system gross capability TLt,chartWith system gross capability when only being generated electricity by natural incoming flow
TLt,inflowSize；If TLt,inflow>TLt,chart, reservoir filling, is transferred to step (4.4) at this time；If TLt,inflow<TLt,chart, this
Shi Shuiku discharges water power generation, is transferred to step (4.5)；If TLt,inflow=TLt,chart, system is not stored and is not supplied at this time, is transferred to step
(4.6)；
(4.4) the maximum reservoir elder generation water storage of discriminant coefficient, until reservoir group system water storage gross capability is equal to TLt,chart；If
The maximum reservoir of discriminant coefficient stores full or reaches the period water level upper limit, and gross capability does not reach TL yett,chart, then discriminant coefficient time is big
Reservoir then water storage, until power output be equal to TLt,chart；
(4.5) the smallest reservoir of discriminant coefficient first discharges water, and the gross capability after reservoir group system discharges water is equal to
TLt,chart；If the smallest reservoir emptying of discriminant coefficient reaches period water level lower limit, gross capability does not reach TL yett,chart, then sentence
Other coefficient time small reservoir then discharges water power generation, until power output is equal to TLt,chart。
(4.6) it only generates electricity by natural incoming flow.
Contemplated above technical scheme through the invention, compared with prior art, can obtain it is following the utility model has the advantages that
(1) present invention provides a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir for the Multi-Objective Scheduling of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir
Multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method is contacted between mixed connection multi-reservoir upstream and downstream reservoir in the presence of complicated head, water, right
Discriminant coefficient, water balance equation and accumulation of energy calculation formula are improved in pure Cascade Reservoirs, efficiently solve mixed connection water
Library group's accumulation of energy scheduling graph is drawn and complexity water, united peaking problem present in simulation.
(2) present invention establishes large-scale mixed connection water on the basis of comprehensively considering the regulation goals such as flood control, power generation and ecology
Library group's multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph Optimized model, the coupling of very good solution accumulation of energy scheduling graph and Multi-Objective Scheduling are difficult
Topic can provide for the Multi-Objective Scheduling in other basins and use for reference and refer to well.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation process；
Fig. 2 is the backstepping calculating process of mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph；
Fig. 3 is Xijiang River mixed connection multi-reservoir geographical location figure；
Fig. 4 is Xijiang River mixed connection multi-reservoir topology diagram；
Fig. 5 (a)-Fig. 5 (f) is that " generated energy-power generation fraction-guarantee power output " Pareto is most under different minimum discharging flows
Excellent forward position；
Fig. 6 is that power generation fraction is 90% and minimum discharging flow is equal to 300m3Best accumulation of energy scheduling graph when/s；
Fig. 7 is that power generation fraction is 95% and minimum discharging flow is 100m3(ecology is full for best accumulation of energy scheduling graph when/s
Sufficient rate > 0.95)；
Fig. 8 is that power generation fraction is 95% and minimum discharging flow is 300m3(ecology is full for best accumulation of energy scheduling graph when/s
Sufficient rate > 0.97)；
Fig. 9 (a)-Fig. 9 (e) is that power generation fraction is 95% and minimum discharging flow is equal to 100m3Accumulation of energy scheduling graph when/s
Analog result (water level process).
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method provided by the invention, comprising:
(1) according to mixed connection multi-reservoir topological structure, the S set, DownRes set and UpRes set of each reservoir are obtained, and
Determine water level bound, power output and the traffic constraints condition of each reservoir day part operation of the mixed connection multi-reservoir；
Wherein, S set is the upper pond number set for having direct water to contact with current reservoir, and DownRes set is
Current reservoir and there is the lower reservoir number of united peaking to gather with current reservoir, UpRes set be do not include current reservoir and
The upper pond number for having water to contact with current reservoir is gathered；
Connection reservoirs group, the feature of parallel reservoir group and mixed connection multi-reservoir and topological structure schematic diagram is set forth in table 1,
By taking the mixed connection multi-reservoir in table 1 as an example, 5 reservoirs are from upstream to downstream number consecutively 1, and 2,3,4,5, then the S set of each reservoir
Are as follows: the S collection in the 1st library is combined into { }；The S collection in the 2nd library is combined into { 1 }；The S collection in the 3rd library is combined into { }；The S collection in the 4th library is combined into { }；5th library
S collection be combined into { 2,3,4 }, and in simple step reservoir, in addition to the first library of most upstream, the S set in remaining the i-th library is
{i-1}；
The DownRes of each reservoir gathers are as follows: the DownRes collection in the 1st library is combined into { 1,2,5 }；The DownRes in the 2nd library gathers
For { 2,5 }；The DownRes collection in the 3rd library is combined into { 3,5 }；The DownRes collection in the 4th library is combined into { 4,5 }；The DownRes collection in the 5th library
{ 5 } are combined into, and in simple step reservoir, the DownRes set in the i-th library is { i, i+1 ..., n }；
The UpRes of each reservoir gathers are as follows: the UpRes collection in the 1st library is combined into { }；The UpRes collection in the 2nd library is combined into { 1 }；3rd library
UpRes collection be combined into { }；The UpRes collection in the 4th library is combined into { }；The UpRes collection in the 5th library is combined into { 1,2,3,4 }, and in simple ladder
In grade reservoir, the UpRes set in the i-th library is { 0,1,2 ..., i-1 }；
Table 1
(2) power output is initially ensured that according to system, building guarantees power output optimizing section, in guarantee power output optimizing section
To guaranteeing that it is discrete that power output carries out, multiple guarantee power output discrete value TN are obtainedi(i=1,2 ..., M), and according to upstream power station reality
Minimum discharging flow data establish minimum discharging flow optimizing section, and to most in minimum discharging flow optimizing section
Small letdown flow progress is discrete, obtains multiple minimum discharging flow Qj(j=1,2 ..., N)；
Specifically, initially ensure that the 30%-40% up and down of power output (each power station guarantees the sum of power output) establishes optimizing with system
Section, carries out it with a fixed step size discrete, and be guaranteed discrete space of contributing.
(3) to each group of guarantee power output and minimum discharging flow discrete value, gathered according to gained S set, DownRes,
UpRes set, water level bound, power output and traffic constraints condition construct mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph；
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, building mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph, specifically includes:
(3.1) it obtains and dispatches line substantially up and down；
The typical Fuzzy Period of Runoff Series of Y is chosen from long serial history Streamflow Data, and according to discriminant coefficient and constraint condition, warp
The total accumulation of energy of system at the beginning of each Typical Year mixed connection multi-reservoir day part of inverse time sequence recurrence calculation；
Using the envelope curve up and down of the total accumulation of energy change curve of system corresponding to each Typical Year as basic scheduling line up and down；
(3.2) it obtains and dispatches typical runoff process corresponding to line substantially up and down；
Assuming that total inbound traffics TQ of mixed connection reservoir group system present period, and will be total according to average annual runoff distribution proportion
Inbound traffics TQ is assigned to each reservoir, obtains the corresponding typical runoff in each library in the mixed connection water reservoir system of hypothesis；
Total accumulation of energy ES at the beginning of calculating mixed connection reservoir present period according to discriminant coefficient and constraint condition, and adjusted from basic up and down
Corresponding total accumulation of energy ES ' at the beginning of reading present period is spent on line；
Compare total accumulation of energy ES of calculating and total accumulation of energy ES ' of reading；If equal, with each in the mixed connection water reservoir system of hypothesis
The corresponding typical runoff in library is as the corresponding typical runoff in library each in practical mixed connection water reservoir system；If unequal, more with difference
New total inbound traffics TQ is computed repeatedly until the total accumulation of energy ES calculated is equal with total accumulation of energy ES ' of reading；
(3.3) line of force is increased out according to the acquisition of typical runoff process and reduces out the line of force；
According to the discriminant coefficient, constraint condition, increases or reduce power generating value, dispatches typical case corresponding to line substantially up and down
Runoff process, through the total accumulation of energy of system at the beginning of inverse time sequence recurrence calculation mixed connection multi-reservoir day part；
The total accumulation of energy change procedure of system at the beginning of mixed connection multi-reservoir day part is obtained, and with the total accumulation of energy change procedure of gained system
As increasing out the line of force or reduce out the line of force.
The present invention is in view of head complicated between upstream and downstream reservoir, water connection, to sentencing in simple step reservoir system
Other coefficient is improved, and the discriminant coefficient for being suitable for large-scale mixed connection water reservoir system is obtained:
Wherein,Indicate reservoir when discharging water, the corresponding discriminant score of each reservoir, the smaller reservoir of the value first discharges water；When indicating reservoir filling, the corresponding discriminant score of each reservoir, the bigger reservoir elder generation water storage of the value；EsupplyIndicate the i-th water
Library discharges water in the t period and generates electricity and the energy of generation；EW-supplyIndicate the incoming flow W of the i-th reservoir present periodt iBecause the i-th reservoir is put
Energy loss caused by water power generation；EV-supplyIndicate the reservoir storage of the upper pond of the i-th reservoirBecause the i-th reservoir discharges water
Energy loss caused by power generation；Indicate the i-th reservoir in the average water surface area of t period；Indicate the i-th reservoir in t
The average water head of period；EstoreIndicate that the i-th reservoir stores by water storage the energy into reservoir in the t period；EW-storeIndicate the i-th water
The incoming flow W of library present periodt iBecause of the energy increment caused by the i-th reservoir filling；EV-storeIndicate the upper pond of the i-th reservoir
Reservoir storageBecause of the energy increment caused by the i-th reservoir filling.
Accumulation of energy scheduling graph is calculating each item scheduling line by Typical Year runoff process backstepping as conventional single library scheduling graph
In the process, it need to consider various constraints, including water balance constraint, units limits, restriction of water level, traffic constraints etc., the present invention couple
Water balance constraint improves, and obtains new water balance constraint:
Wherein,Letdown flow including local inflow and the upper pond for thering is direct water to contact with the i-th reservoir, Indicate power generation reference flow,It indicates to abandon water flow,Indicate evaporation flow,When expression
Storage capacity at the beginning of section, Vt iIndicate period end storage capacity,Indicate local inflow of i-th library in the t period,Expression has with the i-th library
The letdown flow in the upstream jth library of direct water connection；
In accumulation of energy scheduling graph simulation calculating process, when determining system gross capability, it is thus necessary to determine that reservoir group system is current
Total accumulation of energy value, the present invention improves the accumulation of energy calculation formula in simple step reservoir system, obtains being suitable for large-scale mixed
Join the accumulation of energy calculation formula of reservoir group system:
Wherein, EStIndicate the current accumulation of energy value of mixed connection reservoir group system；Indicate the i-th reservoir in the available water of t period
Amount；Indicate the head in jth library；γ is the specific gravity of water.
(4) simulation calculating is carried out to each mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph, obtains generated energy, power generation fraction and downstream
Section minimum ecological discharge Service Efficiency；
Specifically, after obtaining accumulation of energy scheduling graph, simulation calculating process is specifically included:
(4.1) at the beginning of the t period, the total accumulation of energy of reservoir group system is calculated；
(4.2) present period system gross capability is obtained from the mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph according to total accumulation of energy
TLt,chart, and calculate system gross capability TL when only being generated electricity by natural incoming flowt,inflow；
(4.3) judge present period system gross capability TLt,chartWith system gross capability when only being generated electricity by natural incoming flow
TLt,inflowSize；If TLt,inflow>TLt,chart, reservoir filling, is transferred to step (4.4) at this time；If TLt,inflow<TLt,chart, this
Shi Shuiku discharges water power generation, is transferred to step (4.5)；If TLt,inflow=TLt,chart, system is not stored and is not supplied at this time, is transferred to step
(4.6)；
(4.4) the maximum reservoir elder generation water storage of discriminant coefficient, until reservoir group system water storage gross capability is equal to TLt,chart；If
The maximum reservoir of discriminant coefficient stores full or reaches the period water level upper limit, and gross capability does not reach TL yett,chart, then discriminant coefficient time is big
Reservoir then water storage, until power output be equal to TLt,chart；
(4.5) the smallest reservoir of discriminant coefficient first discharges water, and the gross capability after reservoir group system discharges water is equal to
TLt,chart；If the smallest reservoir emptying of discriminant coefficient reaches period water level lower limit, gross capability does not reach TL yett,chart, then sentence
Other coefficient time small reservoir then discharges water power generation, until power output is equal to TLt,chart。
(4.6) it only generates electricity by natural incoming flow.
(5) to each minimum discharging flow, building includes generated energy, power generation fraction and the multiple target solution for guaranteeing power output
Space obtains the optimal scheduling scheme under each minimum discharging flow according to scheme preferred criteria or actual schedule criterion.
Specifically, state the accumulation of energy scheduling graph of acquisition, only one under particular constraints and specific border it is single as a result, than
As it is a certain initially ensure that power output and a certain upper pond (balancing reservoir) if minimum discharging flow combination under as a result, guaranteeing
Power changes or the minimum discharging flow of balancing reservoir changes, and relates to multi-objective problem, in the more mesh of multi-reservoir
It marks in combined dispatching, the target related generally to has: flood-preventing goal, Ecological Target and power generation target.
1. being typically translated into water level requirement for flood-preventing goal, flood season is that operating water level is not more than flood season limit level, non-flood period
It is not more than normal pool level for operating water level, to force target, function expression can be expressed as follows:
Flood season: Zt≤Zfloodcontrollevel
Non-flood period: Zt≤Znormallevel
Wherein, ZtFor operating water level, ZfloodcontrollevelFor flood season limit level, ZnormallevelFor normal pool level；
2. Ecological Target refers mainly to the ecological flow requirement of downstream key control section, such as minimum ecological discharge), and under
The discharge of river of trip control section can only be controlled again by there is the letdown flow of the reservoir of regulation performance, therefore ecological flow requirement
It can be converted into the minimum discharging flow requirement to balancing reservoir, if having more than crucial control section in a mixed connection multi-reservoir
Multiple regulation performance reservoirs can then have upstream the possibility minimum discharging flow section of regulation performance reservoir to carry out discrete and arrangement
Then combination carries out long series analog calculating to each combination, count every kind of river for combining lower downstream key control section
Traffic conditions, so as to show that the ecological flow of each crucial control section meets situation, in some cases, such as data information
It is not full-time, it generally can only consider ecological flow lower limit requirement, that is, minimum discharging flow is required to be more than or equal to ecological flow lower limit
Fraction it is big as far as possible, or be not less than some given value, function expression is as follows:
Wherein, EcoRatekIndicate that the ecological flow Service Efficiency of k-th of key sections, TotalStages indicate long series
When number of segment when simulation, function TimeskIt (t) is the number statistical function for k-th of ecological flow control section, ifTimesk(t)=1；IfTimesk(t)=0, whereinIndicate k-th of crucial control
Minimum ecological discharge of the section in the t period.
3. generally comprising generated energy, fraction for the target that generates electricity and guaranteeing three sub-goals of power output, and these three targets
Between there are certain collaboration and competitive relations, under normal circumstances, fraction and guarantee power output be competitive relation, that is, guarantee power output plus
Big then fraction reduces, and guarantees that power output reduces then fraction and improves；Guarantee that between power output and generated energy then may be competitive relation,
It is also likely to be conspiracy relation, depending on specifically research basin, generated energy, fraction and the objective function for guaranteeing three targets of power output
It can be expressed as follows:
Generated energy is maximum:
Wherein, E is the total generated energy of multi-reservoir, and n is reservoir number, and T is scheduling slot number, and Δ t is Period Length；
Guarantee that power output is maximum:
f3=maxTNG
Wherein, TNGAlways guarantee to contribute for multi-reservoir；
The fraction that generates electricity is maximum:
Wherein, φ () is statistical function, indicates system gross capability TN during long series analogt,actualGreater than guaranteeing
Power TNGNumber, P is the statistical guarantee rate during each simulation calculates, PminIt is fraction lower limit value.
After obtaining multiple target solution space, further to carry out scheme preferably and decision, need to use at this time more
Objective decision correlation theory；Pareto theory is the method for handling multi-objective problem being most widely used at present,
Pareto solution is also known as non-domination solution or insubjection solution: when there is multiple targets, since there are the conflicts between target and can not
The phenomenon that comparing, a solution be in some target it is best, in other targets may be it is worst, these are appointed improving
While what objective function, the solution that will necessarily weaken at least one other objective function is known as non-domination solution or Pareto solution；Separately
One related notion is that Pareto is improved, and Pareto improvement refers to a kind of variation, before not making any target circumstances degenerate
It puts, so that at least one target becomes more preferably, Pareto is optimal to refer to the state for not carrying out Pareto room for improvement, most
The excellent curved surface spatially formed that collects is known as Pareto leading surface.
It include 4 targets, i.e. ecological flow under the combination of each minimum discharging flow in the present invention studies a question
Service Efficiency f1, generated energy f2, hair guarantee power output f3With power generation fraction f4, the feasible of acquisition problem is being solved by discrete combination
After solution, can get Pareto optimal solution set by above-mentioned definition can use relevant after obtaining Pareto optimal solution
Decision-making technique, scheme preferred criteria or actual schedule criterion carry out scheme preferably with decision.
To show the effect that the method for the present invention reaches, the present embodiment is tested by taking China's Xijiang River mixed connection multi-reservoir as an example
Card.The Zhujiang River flows through the northeast that China Yunnan, Guizhou Province, osmanthus, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi etc. save (area) and Socialist Republic of Vietnam, it includes west
River, the big tributary Bei Jiang and Dong Jiang three, wherein Xijiang River longest, the commonly known as mainstream of the Zhujiang River.Xijiang River hydroelectric development is current
It is basically completed, is from upstream to downstream one and shares 13 reservoirs, constitute existing series connection and have large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir in parallel,
Each multi-reservoir geographical location is as shown in figure 3, wherein day one, illumination, Yan Tan, Long Tan and five, Baise reservoir are to have regulating power water
Library, remaining be day adjust or without regulating power reservoir, the present invention is by this 13 reservoirs from top to bottom successively with 1,2,3 ..., 13
It is numbered, topological structure is as shown in figure 4, be calculated the S set of each reservoir, DownRes set and UpRes set such as table
Shown in 2；
Table 2
| Reservoir number | Set Si | Set DownResi | Set UpResi |
| 1 | {} | {1,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,13} | {} |
| 2 | {} | {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,13} | {} |
| 3 | {1,2} | {3,4,5,6,7,8,10,13} | {1,2} |
| 4 | {3} | {4,5,6,7,8,10,13} | {1,2,3} |
| 5 | {4} | {5,6,7,8,10,13} | {1,2,3,4} |
| 6 | {5} | {6,7,8,10,13} | {1,2,3,4,5} |
| 7 | {6} | {7,8,10,13} | {1,2,3,4,5,6} |
| 8 | {7} | {8,10,13} | {1,2,3,4,5,6,7} |
| 9 | {} | {9,10,13} | {} |
| 10 | {8,9} | {10,13} | {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} |
| 11 | {} | {11,12,13} | {} |
| 12 | {11} | {12,13} | {11} |
| 13 | {10,12} | {13} | {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12} |
Determine that basic parameter, day part operating water level bound of each reservoir of mixed connection multi-reservoir etc. constrains, month by month with 90%
Frequency corresponds to discharge process as optimal ecological flow lower limit, obtains the minimum ecological discharge of downstream ecology control section；
40% optimizing area is established up and down with what system initially ensured that power output (each power station guarantees the sum of power output, i.e. 3588MW)
Between, it is carried out using 10MW as step-length discrete, be guaranteed discrete space of contributing；
With 50m3/ s is step-length, discrete to minimum discharging flow progress in section [0m3/s, 500m3/s], obtains minimum
Letdown flow discrete space；
Under different guarantees power output, combined with different minimum discharging flows, process shown in 2 inquires into accumulation of energy tune with reference to the accompanying drawings
Degree figure, and simulation calculating is carried out, statistics generated energy, power generation fraction and downstream section minimum ecological discharge Service Efficiency, and then structure
It builds " minimum discharging flow combination-guarantee power output-generated energy-power generation fraction-ecology Service Efficiency " five and ties up object space；
To each minimum discharging flow, according to Pareto optimum principle, " generated energy-power generation fraction-guarantees for building
The optimal forward position Pareto of power " objective solution space, according to scheme preferred criteria or actual schedule criterion from " generated energy-hair
Electric fraction-guarantee power output " selects an optimal scheme in the optimal forward position three-dimensional Pareto, to obtain letting out under corresponding minimum
A series of schemes of flow or ecological Service Efficiency.
It is respectively 0m with minimum discharging flow Q3/s100m3/s,200m3/s,300m3/s,400m3/s,500m3For/s,
" generated energy-power generation fraction-guarantee power output " three-dimensional solution space and the optimal forward position Pareto such as Fig. 5 (a)-that building obtains
Shown in Fig. 5 (f).
Preferred plan is selected in space from " generated energy-power generation fraction-guarantee power output " three-dimensional multiple target, it can be with " hair
Generated energy under electric fraction is met the requirements is maximum " " or " it is maximum that power generation fraction meets the requirements lower guarantee power output " be criterion
It is screened, this sentences generated energy under requirement of the power generation fraction greater than 90% and is up to criterion progress option screening, obtains
The results are shown in Table 3 for preferred plan under each minimum discharging flow combination.
Table 3
| Minimum discharging flow | Guarantee power output | Generated energy | Generate electricity fraction | Ecological flow fraction |
| 0 | 4.00E+06 | 595.08 | 90% | 0.944 |
| 50 | 4.16E+06 | 596.35 | 90% | 0.949 |
| 100 | 4.53E+06 | 596.69 | 90% | 0.949 |
| 150 | 4.70E+06 | 595.76 | 90% | 0.952 |
| 200 | 4.69E+06 | 594.69 | 90% | 0.96 |
| 250 | 4.63E+06 | 593.08 | 90% | 0.965 |
| 300 | 4.39E+06 | 589.89 | 90% | 0.971 |
| 350 | 4.25E+06 | 585.37 | 90% | 0.973 |
| 400 | 3.47E+06 | 578.59 | 90% | 0.972 |
| 450 | 3.05E+06 | 572.10 | 90% | 0.97 |
| 500 | 3.00E+06 | 565.45 | 90% | 0.968 |
As can be seen that under different minimum discharging flows, the corresponding guarantee power output first increases and then decreases of preferred plan, and
Corresponding generated energy variation then (increases to reduce to increase and reduce again) without apparent regularity, if requiring downstream ecology flow full simultaneously
Sufficient rate is not less than 0.97, then can be equal to 300m in minimum discharging flow3/s、350m3/s、400m3/ s and 450m3It is selected in/s,
Comparatively, when minimum discharging flow is equal to 300m3When/s, generated energy and guarantee power output are larger, and respectively 589.89 hundred million thousand
Watt-hour and 4.39E+06kW, corresponding mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph is as shown in Figure 6 at this time.
Set different power generation fraction requirements (90%, 95% or 98%), can obtain different scheme families, such as with
" criterion is up to generated energy under requirement of the fraction greater than 95% that generate electricity and carries out option screening ", obtained result such as subordinate list 4
It is shown.
Table 4
| Minimum discharging flow | Guarantee power output | Generated energy | Generate electricity fraction | Ecological flow fraction |
| 0 | 2.95E+06 | 591.27 | 95% | 0.944 |
| 50 | 3.65E+06 | 595.28 | 95% | 0.949 |
| 100 | 4.08E+06 | 596.43 | 95% | 0.949 |
| 150 | 4.12E+06 | 596.33 | 95% | 0.952 |
| 200 | 4.02E+06 | 595.12 | 95% | 0.96 |
| 250 | 3.62E+06 | 593.03 | 95% | 0.965 |
| 300 | 3.43E+06 | 588.93 | 95% | 0.971 |
| 350 | 3.07E+06 | 583.37 | 95% | 0.973 |
| 400 | 2.79E+06 | 577.02 | 95% | 0.972 |
| 450 | 2.72E+06 | 571.96 | 95% | 0.97 |
| 500 | 2.54E+06 | 565.56 | 95% | 0.968 |
As can be seen that under minimum discharging flows different at this time, the corresponding guarantee power output first increases and then decreases of preferred plan,
Maximum value is 100m in minimum discharging flow3/ s is nearby (4.08E+06kW)；Corresponding generated energy is also first increases and then decreases, most
Big value is also 100m in minimum discharging flow3Ecological flow Service Efficiency near/s (596.43 hundred million kilowatt hour), but at this time is only
Have 0.95 or so, does not reach 0.97；If 0.95 ecological flow Service Efficiency can reach actual requirement at this time, let out under minimum
Flow is 100m3Scheme when/s is preferred plan, and corresponding accumulation of energy scheduling graph is as shown in Figure 7；If ecological flow Service Efficiency must
0.97 or more palpus, then similar with the situation of front (fraction requires 90% situation) at this time, i.e., minimum discharging flow is
300m3Scheme when/s is preferred plan, and corresponding accumulation of energy scheduling graph is as shown in Figure 8.
It is 100m with minimum discharging flow3For scheme when/s, there is the mean annual water level of balancing reservoir under long series
Shown in process such as Fig. 9 (a)-Fig. 9 (e), it can be seen that each reservoir all stores substantially and expired under many years average case, and from water
From the point of view of the change procedure of position, upper pond (the 1st, 2 libraries) water storage after the water storage phase, delivery period, first supplies water；Lower reservoir (the 3rd, 4 libraries)
In the elder generation's water storage of water storage phase, supply water after delivery period, the storage discharge water rule make lower reservoir be in most cases in high water level fortune
Row state is conducive to the performance of head benefit, to improve the generated energy of whole system.
Can be seen that the method for the present invention well according to above-mentioned analog result realizes Multi-Objective Scheduling and large size is mixed
The coupling for joining multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph, demonstrates the reasonability and validity of the method for the present invention.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of large size mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method characterized by comprising
(1) according to mixed connection multi-reservoir topological structure, the S set, DownRes set and UpRes set of each reservoir are obtained, and is determined
Water level bound, power output and the traffic constraints condition of each reservoir day part operation of mixed connection multi-reservoir；
Wherein, S set is the upper pond number set for having direct water to contact with current reservoir, and DownRes set is current
Reservoir and with current reservoir have united peaking lower reservoir number gather, UpRes set be do not include current reservoir and with work as
The upper pond number set that preceding reservoir has water to contact；
(2) power output is initially ensured that according to system, building guarantees power output optimizing section, to guarantor in guarantee power output optimizing section
Card power output progress is discrete, obtains multiple guarantees power output discrete value TNi(i=1,2 ..., M), and it is practical minimum according to upstream power station
Letdown flow data establish minimum discharging flow optimizing section, and in minimum discharging flow optimizing section to minimum under
Vent flow progress is discrete, obtains multiple minimum discharging flow Qj(j=1,2 ..., N)；
(3) to each group of guarantee power output and minimum discharging flow discrete value, according to gained S set, DownRes set, UpRes collection
Conjunction, water level bound, power output and traffic constraints condition construct mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph；
(4) simulation calculating is carried out to each mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph, obtains generated energy, power generation fraction and downstream section
Minimum ecological discharge Service Efficiency；
(5) to each minimum discharging flow, building includes generated energy, power generation fraction and guarantees that the multiple target solution of power output is empty
Between, according to actual schedule demand, obtain the optimal scheduling scheme under each minimum discharging flow.
2. a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method according to claim 1, feature exist
In guarantee power output optimizing section is (0.7TN0,1.3TN0) or (0.6TN0,1.4TN0)；
Wherein, TN0Power output is initially ensured that for mixed connection reservoir group system.
3. a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method according to claim 1, feature exist
In to each group of guarantee power output and minimum discharging flow discrete value described in step (3), according to gained S set, DownRes collection
Conjunction, UpRes set, water level bound, power output and traffic constraints condition construct mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph, specifically include:
(3.1) it obtains and dispatches line substantially up and down；
The typical Fuzzy Period of Runoff Series of Y is chosen from long serial history Streamflow Data, and according to discriminant coefficient and constraint condition, through the inverse time
The total accumulation of energy of system at the beginning of each Typical Year mixed connection multi-reservoir day part of sequence recurrence calculation；
Using the envelope curve up and down of the total accumulation of energy change curve of system corresponding to each Typical Year as basic scheduling line up and down；
(3.2) it obtains and dispatches typical runoff process corresponding to line substantially up and down；
Assuming that total inbound traffics TQ of mixed connection reservoir group system present period, and will always be become a mandarin according to average annual runoff distribution proportion
Amount TQ is assigned to each reservoir, obtains the corresponding typical runoff in each library in the mixed connection water reservoir system of hypothesis；
Total accumulation of energy ES at the beginning of calculating mixed connection reservoir present period according to discriminant coefficient and constraint condition, and line is dispatched from basic up and down
Corresponding total accumulation of energy ES ' at the beginning of upper reading present period；
Compare total accumulation of energy ES of calculating and total accumulation of energy ES ' of reading；If equal, with each library pair in the mixed connection water reservoir system of hypothesis
The typical runoff answered is as the corresponding typical runoff in library each in practical mixed connection water reservoir system；If unequal, institute is updated with difference
Total inbound traffics TQ is stated, is computed repeatedly until the total accumulation of energy ES calculated is equal with total accumulation of energy ES ' of reading；
(3.3) line of force is increased out according to the acquisition of typical runoff process and reduces out the line of force；
According to the discriminant coefficient, constraint condition, increases or reduce power generating value, dispatches typical runoff corresponding to line substantially up and down
Process, through the total accumulation of energy of system at the beginning of inverse time sequence recurrence calculation mixed connection multi-reservoir day part；
Obtain mixed connection multi-reservoir day part at the beginning of the total accumulation of energy change procedure of system, and using the total accumulation of energy change procedure of gained system as
It increases out the line of force or reduces out the line of force.
4. a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method according to claim 3, feature exist
In the calculation formula of the discriminant coefficient are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate reservoir when discharging water, the corresponding discriminant score of each reservoir, the smaller reservoir of the value first discharges water；When indicating reservoir filling, the corresponding discriminant score of each reservoir, the bigger reservoir elder generation water storage of the value；EsupplyIndicate the i-th water
Library discharges water in the t period and generates electricity and the energy of generation；EW-supplyIndicate the incoming flow W of the i-th reservoir present periodt iBecause the i-th reservoir is put
Energy loss caused by water power generation；EV-supplyIndicate the reservoir storage of the upper pond of the i-th reservoirBecause the i-th reservoir discharges water
Energy loss caused by power generation；Indicate the i-th reservoir in the average water surface area of t period；Indicate the i-th reservoir in t
The average water head of period；EstoreIndicate that the i-th reservoir stores by water storage the energy into reservoir in the t period；EW-storeIndicate the i-th water
The incoming flow W of library present periodt iBecause of the energy increment caused by the i-th reservoir filling；EV-storeIndicate the upper pond of the i-th reservoir
Reservoir storageBecause of the energy increment caused by the i-th reservoir filling.
5. a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method according to claim 3, feature exist
In the constraint condition includes water balance constraint, units limits, restriction of water level, traffic constraints.
6. a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method according to claim 5, feature exist
In the water balance constraint are as follows:
Wherein,Indicate power generation reference flow,It indicates to abandon water flow,Indicate evaporation flow,Storage capacity at the beginning of indicating the period,
Vt iIndicate period end storage capacity,Letdown flow including local inflow and the upper pond for thering is direct water to contact with the i-th reservoir, Indicate local inflow of i-th library in the t period,Indicate there is direct water to join with the i-th library
The letdown flow in the upstream jth library of system.
7. a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method according to claim 3, feature exist
In the mixed connection reservoir group system accumulation of energy calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, EStIndicate the current accumulation of energy value of mixed connection reservoir group system；Indicate the i-th reservoir in the water volume that can be utilized of t period；Indicate the head in jth library；γ is the specific gravity of water.
8. a kind of large-scale mixed connection multi-reservoir multiple target accumulation of energy scheduling graph calculation method according to claim 1, feature exist
In carrying out simulation calculating to each mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph described in step (4), specifically include:
(4.1) at the beginning of the t period, the total accumulation of energy of reservoir group system is calculated；
(4.2) present period system gross capability is obtained from the mixed connection multi-reservoir accumulation of energy scheduling graph according to total accumulation of energy
TLt,chart, and calculate system gross capability TL when only being generated electricity by natural incoming flowt,inflow；
(4.3) judge present period system gross capability TLt,chartWith system gross capability TL when only being generated electricity by natural incoming flowt,inflow
Size；If TLt,inflow>TLt,chart, reservoir filling, is transferred to step (4.4) at this time；If TLt,inflow<TLt,chart, reservoir at this time
Discharge water power generation, is transferred to step (4.5)；If TLt,inflow=TLt,chart, system is not stored and is not supplied at this time, is transferred to step (4.6)；
(4.4) the maximum reservoir elder generation water storage of discriminant coefficient, until reservoir group system water storage gross capability is equal to TLt,chart；If differentiating system
The maximum reservoir of number stores full or reaches the period water level upper limit, and gross capability does not reach TL yett,chart, then time big reservoir of discriminant coefficient
Then water storage, until power output is equal to TLt,chart；
(4.5) the smallest reservoir of discriminant coefficient first discharges water, and the gross capability after reservoir group system discharges water is equal to TLt,chart；If sentencing
The other the smallest reservoir of coefficient is vented or reaches period water level lower limit, and gross capability does not reach TL yett,chart, then discriminant coefficient time is small
Reservoir then discharges water power generation, until power output is equal to TLt,chart。
(4.6) it only generates electricity by natural incoming flow.
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