CN110348038B - Battery pack electromagnetic interference modeling simulation and test method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery pack electromagnetic interference modeling simulation and test method, which comprises the steps of firstly determining electromagnetic interference elements; then, carrying out impedance characteristic test on the battery pack, and establishing a high-frequency impedance model of the battery pack; building an equivalent circuit model of the motor driving system based on a high-frequency impedance model of the battery pack; performing joint simulation on a control motor and control system model and an IGBT equivalent circuit model to obtain a simulation result of common-mode current of an output side of an inverter and a direct-current bus end; and finally, comparing the simulation result with the test result to verify the accuracy of the simulation result. The invention simulates the electromagnetic field in the battery system through simulation software, analyzes the electromagnetic field distribution in the battery system and the possible interference situation when the vehicle runs, and provides theoretical support and academic basis for the electromagnetic simulation of the battery system and the whole vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery pack systems, in particular to a battery pack electromagnetic interference modeling simulation and test method.
Background
The battery pack is an important high-voltage component of the electric automobile, and under the high-frequency condition, transient voltage and current generated under complex working conditions can influence the migration of ions in battery electrolyte, so that the diffusion effect and the polarization effect are influenced, and the impedance and parasitic parameters of the battery are changed. At high frequencies, the battery is no longer an ideal equivalent model, and the parasitic parameters of the lithium battery cannot be neglected at this time, which may cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems that are difficult to predict. However, the battery pack has been used as a victim or a propagation path of electromagnetic interference, and no consideration has been made from the viewpoint of electromagnetic interference generated by the battery itself. The pure electric vehicle has short rise time, and the electromagnetic compatibility problem does not pay enough attention, so the research on the aspect is not much.
The battery pack system is directly connected with the DC/AC motor controller and the DC/DC converter, and the transient of a switching device in the battery pack system is the most main electromagnetic interference source in the electric automobile, wherein the electromagnetic interference of the motor driving system is far larger than that of the direct current conversion system. In addition, when the vehicle is accelerated and decelerated suddenly, the power battery can generate rapidly-changing voltage and current, on one hand, strong electromagnetic interference can be generated through the conduction action of the high-voltage cable, on the other hand, the electromagnetic interference can be radiated in the transmission process, and radiation coupling can be caused to nearby sensitive circuits or equipment.
In addition, in the test process of the electric automobile, part-level detection of some vehicles meets the relevant standards of electromagnetic interference, but the part-level detection cannot pass through the whole-vehicle-level detection, which shows that the electromagnetic coupling between systems is also not negligible. Therefore, it is necessary to perform EMI modeling simulation analysis of the interference source and the interference path for the electric bag so as to find the problem in the early stage of automobile development.
The existing part conduction and radiation test mainly aims at vehicle parts with the power supply voltage of 12V and 24V, the high-voltage battery pack of an electric automobile is usually more than 300V, and at present, an electromagnetic test standard aiming at a high-voltage system does not exist at home and abroad, so that the electromagnetic property of the battery pack is difficult to verify, and therefore, the electromagnetic test standard suitable for the high-voltage system needs to be made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery pack electromagnetic compatibility simulation and test method aiming at the defects in the prior art so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical problem solved by the invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a battery pack electromagnetic interference modeling simulation and test method comprises the following steps:
a) Determining an electromagnetic interference element;
a sensor in the battery pack is used as a disturbed source, a motor driving system at the periphery of the battery pack is used as an interference source, a high-voltage wire harness and a low-voltage wire harness are used as electromagnetic conduction interference paths, and a space environment is used as an electromagnetic radiation path;
b) Testing the impedance characteristic of the battery pack, and establishing a high-frequency impedance model of the battery pack;
c) The method comprises the steps that an equivalent circuit model of a motor driving system is built based on a high-frequency impedance model of a battery pack, wherein the equivalent circuit model comprises an IGBT equivalent circuit model, a cable model, a motor and control system model;
d) Performing joint simulation on the control motor and control system model and the IGBT equivalent circuit model to obtain simulation results of common-mode currents of the output side of the inverter and the direct-current bus end;
e) And conducting conducted interference test testing on the motor driving system, obtaining an experimental result of the common-mode current of the output side of the inverter and the DC bus terminal, and comparing the simulation result with the experimental result to verify the accuracy of the simulation result.
Furthermore, the combined simulation adopts Saber which is refined to circuit simulation to establish an IGBT equivalent circuit model and a cable model, adopts Matlab/Simulink which is refined to control to establish a motor and control system model, and then carries out data exchange between Matlab and Saber, namely, the Matlab provides PWM waves as control signals for six IGBTs of a three-phase three-bridge arm inverter of the Saber, and the Saber provides three-phase voltage for the motor of the Matlab to drive the motor.
Further, the implementation process of the joint simulation is as follows:
firstly, matching versions of Saber and Matlab, clicking a Saber Simulinkcsim icon of Saber to acquire a Matlab version number supported by the Saber of the version; installing a Saber plug-in Matlab; the key of data exchange and combined simulation of Saber and Matlab is that Saber installs a plug-in with a corresponding version number to Matlab, so that Saber can identify the Matlab program added with the plug-in;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Installing three files, namely saber Simulink Coosm.dll, saber Coosm.mdl and saber.jpg, in a work directory under an MATLAB installation directory;
(2) Opening Saber Cosim.mdl under a work directory in Matlab, and dragging the icon to a Simulink model; clicking the icon to set the number of input and output interfaces, and inputting six PWM control signals and outputting three-phase voltage signals by the module, so that six inputs and three outputs are provided;
(3) Conversion of data types
6 PWM control signals in Simulink are logic values, and the IGBT drive of Saber needs specific voltage signals; therefore, a Switch module is added in Simulink, the threshold value is set to 0.5, and when the control signal is greater than or equal to 0.5, the signal amplitude is converted from 1 to 15; when the amplitude is less than 0.5, the signal amplitude is converted from 0 to-15; then adding a var2V module in Saber, and converting the logic signals 15-15 into voltage signals 15V-15V;
meanwhile, the three-phase voltage value transmitted to Simulink by Saber is a control signal in the Simulink and needs to be converted into a voltage value; therefore, a Controlled Voltage Source module is added in the Simulink to convert the signal into a Voltage value;
(4) Model of Simulink was imported into Saber
In Saber software, clicking a Saber Simulink Coosim function, selecting an Import Simulink in a File, and in addition, the Saber Coosim transmits signals, so that except adding a var2v module at 6 PWM control signal input ends, a v2var module needs to be added at 3 three-phase voltage output ends to convert a voltage value into a signal;
then, setting the exchange step length of synchronous simulation; in the joint simulation, saber is used as a host, and data exchange is carried out between Saber and Matlab in real time; matlab is a slave in the joint simulation, the simulation step length is determined by the exchange step length, so the Simulink simulation is set as the variable step length, and the algorithm is ode23tb; the exchange step size should be an integer multiple of Saber's simulation step size;
finally, solving is carried out in Saber, and the specific steps comprise:
(1) Netlist is carried out on the circuit schematic diagram to generate a corresponding Netlist, and then Simulte is carried out; after the circuit is modified, a netlist needs to be regenerated and imported;
(2) Performing direct current DC analysis;
(3) Performing transient analysis of a time domain, and setting simulation time, simulation step length and an analyzed signal;
(4) And performing FFT analysis to convert the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
electromagnetic fields in the battery system are simulated through EMC simulation software, electromagnetic field distribution in the battery system and possible interference conditions are analyzed when a vehicle runs, and theoretical support and academic basis are provided for electromagnetic simulation of the battery system and the whole vehicle.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an electromagnetic interference modeling simulation and test method provided in an embodiment of the method.
Fig. 2 is a power lithium battery impedance characteristic and parasitic parameter test platform constructed by the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 3 is a high-frequency equivalent circuit of a power lithium battery built by the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 4 is a static characteristic curve of the IGBT applied in the embodiment of the present method.
Fig. 5 is an IGBT dynamic characteristic curve applied in the embodiment of the present method.
Fig. 6 is an IGBT equivalent circuit in the present method embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a process of acquiring IGBT dynamic parameters in the embodiment of the present method.
Fig. 8 shows an initial model and a simplified model of a cable in an embodiment of the method.
Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cable in an embodiment of the method.
Fig. 10 is an inverter equivalent circuit model built based on a battery pack high-frequency impedance model in the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a space vector control loop of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in the embodiment of the method.
FIG. 12 is an electric drive system space vector control diagram built in Simulink in the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 13 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a motor driving system built in Simulink in the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a high-voltage wire harness and a signal wire of the battery pack system built in the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 15 is an electromagnetic model of the battery pack system built in the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 16 is an electromagnetic radiation simulation excitation loop of the battery pack system in the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a high-low voltage coupling electromagnetic radiation test arrangement of the battery pack system in the embodiment of the method.
Fig. 18 is a front view of a battery pack system high-low voltage coupling electromagnetic radiation testing arrangement in an embodiment of the method.
Fig. 19 is a side view of a battery pack system high-low voltage coupling electromagnetic radiation testing arrangement in an embodiment of the method.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
1. Measurement of high frequency impedance of battery pack
The impedance characteristic and parasitic parameter test platform of the power lithium battery is shown in fig. 2. The device is composed of a lithium ion battery, an impedance analyzer, a battery charging and discharging test cabinet, a constant temperature and humidity tester, a computer and upper computer monitoring software.
The test environment of the whole test platform is tested in an environment with a constant temperature of 20 ℃ except the special required temperature, the computer controls the charging and discharging of the battery through the communication module on the battery charging and discharging test cabinet, and then the impedance analyzer is used for measuring the parameters of the lithium battery in the electromagnetic shielding room according to the test specification.
The impedance analyzer is generally used for measuring the impedance of a passive element, and a measuring port of the impedance analyzer allows a certain direct current bias, so that the direct measurement of the complex impedance of the power battery cell is not problematic. However, if the impedance of the power battery pack is measured, if two electrodes of the battery pack are directly connected to two ends of the impedance analyzer for measurement, the direct current of the battery pack will flow through the impedance analyzer and may burn out the battery pack, and at this time, a capacitor is required to be connected in series with the battery pack and then connected to two ends of the impedance analyzer to isolate the direct current component of the battery pack, so as to protect the impedance analyzer (the withstand voltage value of the capacitor for isolating the direct current must be higher than the total voltage of the battery pack). And the final complex impedance of the cell is the total impedance minus the capacitive impedance. But we only measure the high frequency impedance of the cell, considering the safety and operational feasibility of the impedance measurement.
Before testing, the cells were placed in an incubator at 20 ℃ for 1h. The battery is charged by a constant current and constant voltage charging method, the battery is charged by a constant current of 1C, when the voltage of a single body reaches a voltage limit value of 4.25V, constant voltage charging is adopted, the charging voltage is 4.25V, and when the charging current reaches 3A, the charging is stopped. During the test, the battery is discharged to SOC50% at a constant current of 1C, then the battery monomer is placed in a thermostat for 30min, and then the battery parameters are measured.
The impedance analyzer uses a 500mV measurement signal to sweep the battery from 20Hz to 108MHz, and samples the impedance amplitude and phase values at each frequency point. The five cells were sampled, processed in Excel, and imported into Origin for curve fitting.
According to the impedance amplitude and the phase angle characteristics of the lithium battery in the whole frequency band, the parasitic inductance, the parasitic capacitance and the parasitic resistance of the lithium battery can be calculated.
And constructing a battery cell equivalent circuit according to the extracted high-frequency parasitic parameters, as shown in fig. 3.
And according to the series-parallel relation of the single batteries in the battery pack to be researched, neglecting the inconsistency of the single batteries, and calculating the parasitic inductance, the parasitic capacitance and the parasitic resistance of the whole battery pack.
2. Construction of simulation model of electric drive system
In the equivalent circuit model of the motor driving system, an IGBT equivalent circuit adopts a behavior model in Saber, a cable model is established according to a multi-conductor transmission line theory, and a motor and control system model is established through a Simulink module. And performing joint simulation on the control motor and control system model and the IGBT equivalent circuit model.
2.1IGBT equivalent circuit modeling
For modeling of an IGBT equivalent circuit, the most concerned of electromagnetic compatibility research is the switching process of the IGBT, and accordingly, an IGBT1 model of Saber software is selected, and static parameters and dynamic parameters of the model are extracted according to a product manual.
The static characteristics mainly refer to transfer characteristics and output characteristics, and in fig. 4, the transfer characteristics are on the left side, and the output characteristics are on the right side.
Transfer characteristic of IGBT refers to collector current I c And gate voltage V ge When the gate voltage V is ge Less than the turn-on voltage V t When the IGBT is turned off, the IGBT is turned on; when V is ge Greater than the turn-on voltage V t Then, with the gate voltage V ge Increase, collector current I c Approximately linearly increasing. Collector current I c Is limited by the maximum current, so that the gate voltage V ge Are also limited. The output characteristic of IGBT is represented by gate voltage V ge Collector current I as a parameter c And collector-emitter voltage V ce The relationship (2) of (c). At the same V ce Lower, gate voltage V ge The larger the collector current I c The larger. Therefore, for overcurrent protection, the gate voltage V is lowered appropriately ge 。
The dynamic characteristics of an IGBT refer to its turn-on and turn-off processes. Due to the existence of parasitic capacitance, the on and off processes require charging and discharging of the capacitance, which constitutes the charging and discharging time. At the same time, the collector-emitter voltage spikes due to the presence of the inductive load.
The turn-on and turn-off process of the IGBT is shown in fig. 5.
t don Is the time delay of turn-on, from V ge Up to 10% to I ce Time to 10%;
t r is the rise time, finger I ce Time from 10% up to 90%;
t on is the on time, from V ge Up to 10% to I ce Time to 90%;
t doff is turn-off delay time, denoted from V ge Down to 90% to I ce Time to 90%;
t f is the fall time, denoted I ce Time to fall from 90% to 10%;
t off is the off time, from V ge Down to 90% to I ce Time to 10%;
the equivalent circuit of igbt1 is shown in FIG. 6, R g Is a gate resistance, C cg 、C ce And C ge Is the parasitic capacitance between the three poles. I is mos Is a controlled current source, consisting of V ce And V ge And (5) controlling. V on To turn on V ce A threshold voltage.
Three parasitic capacitances C cg 、C ce And C ge Satisfies the following conditions:
in the formula, C rss For feedback capacitance, C oss To output capacitance, C iss Is an input capacitance;
parasitic capacitance C ce The switching process of the IGBT is not affected. The static characteristics of the IGBT are described by static characteristic parameters, which can be obtained from the output characteristic curve and transfer characteristic curve on the product manual; correspondingly, the dynamic characteristic parameters need to pass through C in the product manual rss 、C oss 、C iss And V ce And obtaining a gate charge characteristic curve. I is tail 、R tail And C tail Related to the trailing current at the turn-off time of the IGBT, the method mainly focuses on static and dynamic characteristics, I tail 、R tail And C tail The values have no effect on 4 time parameters of static and dynamic behavior.
P for igbt1 model in Saber 1 、P 2 、P 3 Three points of V ce 、V ge 、I c Value sum V t 、V on A total of 11 parameters to represent the static behavior. The collector-emitter threshold voltage V can be read from the output characteristic curve on The gate-on voltage V can be read from the transfer characteristic curve t . Plotting the transfer characteristic in the output characteristic, each V ge The corresponding output curves all have an intersection with the transfer curve, wherein there is an intersection of the two curves with the transfer characteristic curveThe point is the curved and straight boundary point of the output characteristic curve, and the two intersection points are P 1 、P 2 ，P 1 On the right. Per P 2 Longitudinal line of (A) and (P) 1 The intersection point of the output curves is P 3 And (4) point. Then, V at these 3 points is read out ce 、 V ge 、I c The value is obtained.
Dynamic parameters through the grid charge characteristic curve and C on the product manual rss 、C oss 、C iss And V ce Two curves are obtained. The acquisition process is shown in FIG. 7, with gate charge characteristics on the left and C on the right rss 、C oss 、 C iss And V ce The relationship of (1). In the turn-on process of the IGBT, the parasitic capacitance needs to be charged.
Q 1 The electric quantity required by the G-E terminal from turn-off to turn-on is indicated.
Q 2 Refers to the charge, Q, required for saturation conduction of the IGBT 1 To Q 2 Mainly to C cg And (6) charging.
Q 3 Refers to the charge required for the G-E voltage to rise from 0 to a maximum.
Obviously, Q 3 ＞Q 2 ＞Q 1 As shown in FIG. 7, Q can be obtained 1 、Q 2 、Q 3 、V ce5 、V ce6 、V ge4 、V ge5 The value of (c).
The right picture in FIG. 7 is C rss 、C oss 、C iss And V ce Is shown, obviously, V is plotted ce4 To obtain C rss1 、 C oss1 、C rss2 、C oss2 Four parameters
The remaining 3 parameters for the tail current, m and n, total 5 parameters, are taken as default values. Grid resistance R g And taking the recommended value of the product manual. Thus, a total of 29 parameters of the igbt1 behavioral model are obtained.
Test circuit models can be built in Saber according to the test circuit on the product manual. And (4) simulating to obtain the switching-on and switching-off waveforms, further calculating the switching-on time, the rising time, the switching-off time and the falling time, and thus proving the accuracy of the IGBT modeling.
2.2 Cable modeling
The direct current bus and the three-phase cable are the same high-power shielding cable, and the establishment of a cable equivalent circuit model is described by taking the three-phase cable as an example. The initial model of a three-phase cable is shown on the left side of fig. 8, with U, V, W, G representing three phases and ground reference, respectively. R is the resistance of the cable unit length, L is the self-inductance of the cable unit length, C is the capacitance of the cable unit length to the shielding layer, L m Mutual inductance between cables of unit length, C m Is the mutual capacitance between cables in unit length.
Because each phase of cable is a shielding cable, the alternate cables with unit length are mutually compatible C m Is zero; meanwhile, the mutual inductance is small relative to the self-inductance and can be ignored due to the large distance between phases. The model of the three-phase cable can be simplified to the right in fig. 8.
The cross-sectional structure of the shielded cable is shown in fig. 9. The inner conductor of the cable is made of a thin copper wire, an insulating layer is arranged between the inner conductor and the shielding layer, and an insulating layer is also arranged outside the shielding layer. The shielding layer is connected with a radiator of the inverter and a shell of the permanent magnet synchronous motor to jointly form a loop of common mode current.
The modeling of the cable mainly comprises the determination of the resistance R of the unit length cable, the self-inductance L of the unit length cable and the capacitance C of the unit length cable to the shielding layer.
The resistance R of the cable per unit length is determined by the conductor resistivity ρ and the conductor cross-sectional area S.
Next, the self-inductance L of the unit length cable is calculated. The cable has an inner conductor and an outer conductor, i.e. a shielding layer, the self-inductance L is formed by the inner self-inductance L i And external self-inductance L e And (4) forming. Has L = L i +L e . Neglecting the thickness of the insulating layer, a = r, as in fig. 9 1 ，b＝(r 2 +r 3 )/2。
Internal self-inductance per unit length of
The external self-inductance per unit length is
Self-inductance per unit length of cable L is
And finally, calculating the capacitance C of the unit length cable to the shielding layer. Calculating capacitance by using an electrostatic field method, establishing a calculation model in Maxwell, and solving an electrostatic equation in a region as follows:
wherein E is the electric field strength, D is the electric displacement vector, ε is the dielectric constant,
is the scalar potential and ρ is the charge density. From this equation, the potential boundary problem can be obtained:
v is the calculation region, S 1 Is the surface of the inner conductor, S 2 Is the surface of the shielding layer. E and D can be calculated from the above two equations. There are two algorithms for storing the electrostatic energy W in the inner conductor and the shield:
the expression of the capacitance C is:
finally, an inverter equivalent circuit model is built based on the battery pack high-frequency impedance model as shown in fig. 10.
2.3 Motor drive System control Module
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a space vector control loop of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, wherein the space vector control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is a double closed loop control system of an outer rotating speed loop and an inner current loop.
Firstly, according to the measured current rotating speed and input rotating speed, a reference current i under a d-q coordinate system is obtained through calculation of a speed PI control module qref And i dref . The current i under the A-B-C coordinate system is measured by a current detection circuit A 、 i B The current i is converted into the current i under a d-q rotating coordinate system through Clarke conversion and Park conversion q And i d . Current i q And i d And a reference current i qref And i dref Comparing, calculating the difference value by a PI control module to obtain a reference voltage value u of the target rotating speed dref And u qref ，u dref And u qref Obtaining a reference voltage value u under an alpha-beta coordinate system through Park inverse transformation αref And u βref . Then, u αref And u βref Through the SVPWM module, 6 paths of PWM signals are generated to control the on-off of the IGBT in the inverter, and then three-phase voltage u is generated a 、u b 、u c And inputting the signal into the motor.
In Simulink, the SVPWM model is built as shown in fig. 12, and the process is as follows:
1) Determining the sector where the reference voltage is located by calculating S;
2) Calculating X, Y, Z;
3) Determining successive action times T of two effective vectors 1 、T 2 ；
4) Determining the switching time T of a three-phase comparator cm1 、T cm2 、T cm3 ；
5) Finally, a PWM wave is generated.
2.4 Joint simulation
The core of the joint simulation in the invention is that Saber which is fine for circuit simulation is used for establishing an equivalent circuit of an inverter, a cable and a power supply, matlab/Simulink which is fine for control is used for establishing a control system model, and then Matlab and Saber carry out data exchange. That is, matlab provides PWM waves as control signals to six IGBTs of Saber's three-phase three-leg inverter, and Saber provides three-phase voltages to Matlab's motor to drive the motor.
The realization process of the joint simulation is as follows:
first, the versions of Saber and Matlab are to be matched. Clicking on Saber simulink cosim icon from Saber can see the Matlab version number supported by Saber version. Second, the Saber plug is installed in Matlab. The key to the data exchange and the joint simulation is that Saber installs a plug-in with a corresponding version number to Matlab, and then Saber can identify the Matlab program to which the plug-in is added. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Three files, saber simulink cosim.dll, saber cosim.mdl and saber.jpg, were installed under the work directory under the MATLAB installation directory.
(2) Saber cosim.mdl under the work directory is opened in Matlab, dragging the icon into the Simulink model. Clicking the icon to set the number of input and output interfaces, the module of the method inputs six PWM control signals and outputs three-phase voltage signals, so that the module has six inputs and three outputs.
(3) Conversion of data types
The 6 PWM control signals in Simulink are logical values, while Saber's IGBT drive requires a specific voltage signal. Therefore, a Switch module is added in Simulink, the threshold value is set to 0.5, and when the control signal is greater than or equal to 0.5, the signal amplitude is converted from 1 to 15; below 0.5, the signal amplitude is switched from 0 to-15. Then add var2V module in Saber, logic signals 15, -15 convert to voltage signals 15V, -15V.
Meanwhile, the three-phase voltage value transmitted to the Simulink by Saber is a control signal in the Simulink and needs to be converted into a voltage value. Therefore, a Controlled Voltage Source module is added to the Simulink to convert the signal into a Voltage value. In the joint simulation, the motor driving system in Simulink is as shown in fig. 13.
(4) Model of Simulink was imported into Saber
In Saber software, a Saber Simulink function is clicked, an inport Simulink is selected in a File, and in addition, saber Simulink transmits signals, so that a var2v module is added to 6 PWM control signal input ends, a v2var module is also required to be added to 3 three-phase voltage output ends, and a voltage value is converted into a signal.
Then, the switching step size of the synchronous simulation is to be set. The joint simulation takes Saber as a host, and the Saber and Matlab exchange data in real time. According to the national electromagnetic compatibility regulation GB/T18655, the frequency domain reaches 30MHz, so the frequency of the simulation frequency domain is set to be 30MHz. According to the sampling theorem, the sampling frequency is more than or equal to 60MHZ, so the simulation step length is less than or equal to 16.67ns. Matlab is a slave in the joint simulation, the simulation step size is determined by the exchange step size, so the Simulink simulation is set as a variable step size, and the algorithm is ode23tb. The swap step size should be an integer multiple of Saber's simulation step size.
Finally, solving is carried out in Saber, and the specific steps comprise:
(1) Netlist is carried out on the circuit schematic diagram to generate a corresponding Netlist, and then Simulte is carried out; after circuit modification, the netlist needs to be regenerated and imported.
(2) Performing direct current DC analysis;
(3) And (4) performing transient analysis of a time domain, and setting simulation time, simulation step length and an analyzed signal.
(4) And performing FFT analysis to convert the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal.
2.5 simulation and test comparison results
The voltage of a power supply in a motor driving system of an electric automobile is up to 300V, and the electromagnetic interference test of the motor driving system is greatly different from that of a traditional internal combustion engine automobile due to the high-voltage characteristic. At present, the conduction test standard for 300V high-voltage components of electric automobiles does not exist at home and abroad. The method is therefore referred to CISPR25:2016, conducting interference of a motor driving system is tested by a current method in a semi-anechoic chamber. The current clamp is positioned at the output side of the inverter and the direct current bus end of the battery pack, namely, the common mode current at the output side of the inverter and the common mode current at the direct current bus end of the battery pack are measured and used as current excitation sources for simulating the electromagnetic field of the battery pack system.
3. Simulation and test comparison of battery pack system radiation interference electromagnetic field
3.1 Battery pack System radiated interference electromagnetic field simulation
The peripheral circuit of the battery pack on the electric automobile mainly comprises parts such as a high-voltage power battery, an inverter and a driving motor, and the high-voltage part and the low-voltage part are included, so that the high-voltage part, the low-voltage part and the coupling among the high-voltage part and the low-voltage part need to be considered simultaneously during simulation. Their respective geometries are expressed using simple cubes, with the material arranged as a PEC.
The main high-voltage cables in the electric automobile are direct-current bus cables and three-phase alternating-current cables of a motor driving system. When an interference source of a motor driving system is analyzed, an equivalent circuit model of a direct current cable and an alternating current cable is established. However, the equivalent circuit model is used for simulating and calculating the magnitude of common mode interference generated by the motor driving system, and only has a circuit model. When electromagnetic simulation of the whole vehicle is carried out, field and path coupling analysis is needed, so an electromagnetic simulation model of the cable is also needed to be established in a three-dimensional electromagnetic field. The high voltage wiring harness and the signal line are shown in fig. 14, respectively.
The high-voltage cable on the electric automobile is composed of cables with large inner diameters, the cables are expensive, and in order to avoid damage or bending fatigue in the installation process to influence the service life, the arrangement of the cables cannot be bent at will, and a short-distance linear arrangement method is often adopted. Therefore, the high-voltage cable simulation model of the method adopts a straight line form.
A rectangular plate ground simulation ground circuit made of PEC is arranged, all parts are placed on the ground and connected through a wiring harness network, and the height of a wiring harness above the ground is 5cm. The cell pack model was introduced into the CST microwave chamber and the material set to PEC, and the final cell pack electromagnetic model is shown in fig. 15.
The electromagnetic radiation simulation of the battery system needs to use an analysis method of field coupling and circuit coupling, and the combined simulation of a CST microwave working chamber and a design working chamber is used in the solving process. The specific simulation process is as follows:
the SPICE model of the battery system electromagnetic model in the CST microwave studio was extracted and the excitation loop was set to the cable in the CST design studio, as shown in fig. 16.
According to the transmission line impedance matching theory, the ECU twisted pair and the power supply line are connected with 50 Ω impedance. The 1 end of the excitation port is the three-phase output end of the inverter, the 2 end is the end of a 330V direct current bus of the electric driving system close to a high-voltage power battery, and the excitation port and the 1 end are directly grounded.
Switching to the microwave working chamber to set as follows:
1) Frequency range: the limit standard of the simulation mainly refers to GB/T18387, so the simulation frequency range is set to be 0.009-30 MHz.
2) A field monitor having frequencies 1M,10M,15M, and 30M is provided to preserve the electromagnetic field distribution at these frequency points.
3) And (4) arranging a probe outside 1m of the battery pack system, and recording the electromagnetic field intensity of the point.
And setting a simulation task to realize electromagnetic radiation simulation of the battery pack system.
The process establishes an equivalent model of the common-mode interference of the motor driving system, and simulates to obtain the common-mode current of the three-phase end and the direct-current end. And respectively extracting the common-mode current on the three-phase cable and the common-mode current on the direct-current bus obtained by simulation, loading the common-mode current and the common-mode current as an excitation source to a corresponding excitation port in an excitation loop, and performing combined simulation by using a design working chamber and an electromagnetic working chamber of CST (continuous switched capacitor) to finish the radiation simulation of the battery pack system.
3.2 Battery pack System radiated interference electromagnetic field testing
The high-low voltage coupling radiation test of the battery pack system in the method is based on CISPR25:2016, test layout as follows:
the length of the low-voltage wiring harness is 1700+3000mm.
The length of the high-voltage wiring harness is 1700+3000mm, and the length of the high-voltage test wiring harness parallel to the front end of the ground plane is 1500 +/-75 mm.
All of the strands were placed on a non-conductive, low relative dielectric constant (ε γ ≦ 1.4) material, 50 ± 5mm above the ground plane. The long section of the low voltage wire harness is parallel to the edge of the ground plane towards the antenna side and is (100 ± 10) mm from the edge. The distance between the long section of the high-voltage wire harness and the low-voltage wire harness is 100+1000mm.
A schematic diagram of a test arrangement of high-low voltage coupling electromagnetic radiation of a battery pack is shown in fig. 17. Different types of antennas are respectively placed outside the battery pack system 1m to test the electromagnetic radiation of different frequency bands. Aiming at the battery pack system tested in the method, the electromagnetic disturbance at four position points is respectively measured: a Battery Management System (BMS), a battery pack middle position, a high voltage relay box position and a low voltage harness middle position.
And comparing and analyzing the simulation result and the test result to verify the accuracy of the simulation result.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. A battery pack electromagnetic interference modeling simulation and test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) Determining an electromagnetic interference element;
a sensor in the battery pack is used as a disturbed source, a motor driving system at the periphery of the battery pack is used as an interference source, a high-voltage wire harness and a low-voltage wire harness are used as electromagnetic conduction interference paths, and a space environment is used as an electromagnetic radiation path;
b) Testing the impedance characteristic of the battery pack, and establishing a high-frequency impedance model of the battery pack;
c) Building an equivalent circuit model of a motor driving system based on a high-frequency impedance model of a battery pack, wherein the equivalent circuit model comprises an IGBT equivalent circuit model, a cable model and a motor and control system model;
d) Performing joint simulation on the control motor and control system model and the IGBT equivalent circuit model to obtain simulation results of common-mode currents of the output side of the inverter and the direct-current bus end;
e) Conducting conducted interference test testing is conducted on the motor driving system, an experimental result of common-mode current of the output side of the inverter and the DC bus end is obtained, and the simulation result is compared with the experimental result to verify the accuracy of the simulation result;
the combined simulation adopts Saber which is refined to circuit simulation to establish an IGBT equivalent circuit model and a cable model, adopts Matlab/Simulink which is refined to control to establish a motor and control system model, and then carries out data exchange between Matlab and Saber, namely, the Matlab provides PWM waves as control signals for six IGBTs of a three-phase three-bridge arm inverter of the Saber, and the Saber provides three-phase voltage for the motor of the Matlab to drive the motor;
the realization process of the joint simulation is as follows:
firstly, matching the versions of Saber and Matlab, clicking the Saber Simulink Cosim icon of the Saber to acquire the Matlab version number supported by the Saber of the version; installing a Saber plug-in Matlab; the key of data exchange and combined simulation of Saber and Matlab is that Saber installs a plug-in with a corresponding version number to Matlab, so that Saber can identify the Matlab program added with the plug-in;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Installing three files, namely saber Simulink Coosm.dll, saber Coosm.mdl and saber.jpg, in a work directory under an MATLAB installation directory;
(2) Opening Saber Cosim.mdl under a work directory in Matlab, and dragging the icon into a Simulink model; clicking the icon to set the number of input and output interfaces, and inputting six PWM control signals and outputting three-phase voltage signals by the module, so that six inputs and three outputs are provided;
(3) Conversion of data types
6 PWM control signals in Simulink are logic values, and the IGBT drive of Saber needs specific voltage signals; therefore, a Switch module is added in Simulink, the threshold value is set to 0.5, and when the control signal is greater than or equal to 0.5, the signal amplitude is converted from 1 to 15; when the amplitude is less than 0.5, the signal amplitude is converted from 0 to-15; then adding a var2V module in Saber, and converting the logic signals 15-15 into voltage signals 15V-15V;
meanwhile, the three-phase voltage value transmitted to Simulink by Saber is a control signal in the Simulink and needs to be converted into a voltage value; therefore, a Controlled Voltage Source module is added in the Simulink to convert the signal into a Voltage value;
(4) Model of Simulink was imported into Saber
In Saber software, clicking Saber Simulink cosim function, selecting inport Simulink in File, and in addition, saber cosim transmits signals, so that except that var2v modules are added at 6 PWM control signal input ends, v2var modules also need to be added at 3 three-phase voltage output ends, and voltage values are converted into signals;
then, setting the exchange step length of synchronous simulation; in the joint simulation, saber is used as a host, and data exchange is carried out between Saber and Matlab in real time; matlab is a slave in the joint simulation, the simulation step length is determined by the exchange step length, so the Simulink simulation is set as the variable step length, and the algorithm is ode23tb; the exchange step size should be an integer multiple of Saber's simulation step size;
finally, solving is carried out in Saber, and the specific steps comprise:
(1) Netlist is carried out on the circuit schematic diagram to generate a corresponding Netlist, and then Simulte is carried out;
after the circuit is modified, a netlist needs to be regenerated and imported;
(2) Performing direct current DC analysis;
(3) Performing transient analysis of a time domain, and setting simulation time, simulation step length and an analyzed signal;
(4) And performing FFT analysis to convert the time domain signal into a frequency domain signal.
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