CN110348032A - Stratification develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method - Google Patents
Stratification develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of stratification development shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method.This method may include: to establish shale formation model according to formation parameter and construction parameter；According to fluid neuron network equation, rock deformation equation, stratification effect criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation is established；According to fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, it is extended finite element numerical simulation in shale formation model, determines the shale formation hydraulic fracture height of stratification development.The present invention may determine that the restriction effect of multiple horizontal bedding fracture height, the shale formation that analysis layer haircut is educated hydraulic fracture form and operation pressure curvilinear characteristic under the conditions of different construction parameters, the mechanism that stratification influences hydraulic fracture expanded configuration is disclosed, Optimized fracturing design is instructed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil-gas field development fields, high more particularly, to a kind of stratification development shale formation hydraulic fracture
Spend method for numerical simulation.
Background technique
It is different from conventional oil gas reservoir, shale reservoir develop a variety of weak structure faces include build joint (extensional seam and cutting property seam),
Interlayer laminated structure of shale seam, level sliding seam, diagenesis shrink 5 kinds of stratum characteristics such as microcrack and organic matter evolution abnormal pressure seam, these
Weak structure face obviously influences the extension of hydraulically created fracture form especially fracture height.At present for the shale pressure of stratification development
The assessment of fracture height and form is split mostly using traditional tight sand analogy method, only considers inter-laminar stress difference and rock power
Difference is learned, the fracture height of calculating is much in practical situation.Weak stratum stratification produces a kind of unique influence hydraulic fracturing
The high mechanism in crack, they limit extending vertically for hydraulic fracturing.Certain grind also has been carried out for this problem correlation scholar
Studying carefully, Gu et al. (2008) is proposed about stratification development formation fracture height the problem of stratification interface slides, they
Solution standard (Renshaw and Pollard 1995) is intersected based on the crack of Renshaw and Pollard, but current
In the case of live extensive shale pressure break, these intersection standards of passing through simplified cannot evaluate the horizontal interfaces counterincision such as stratification completely
The decisive role of height is stitched, the weak structures such as shale stratification are acted in face of hydraulic fracture height limitation and the shadow of crack expanded configuration
Sound needs further to be assessed.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of stratification development shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method.
The information for being disclosed in background of invention part is merely intended to deepen the reason to general background technique of the invention
Solution, and it is known to those skilled in the art existing to be not construed as recognizing or imply that the information is constituted in any form
Technology.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of stratifications to develop shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, can judge more
The restriction effect of a horizontal bedding fracture height, the shale formation that analysis layer haircut is educated waterpower under the conditions of different construction parameters
Fracture pattern and operation pressure curvilinear characteristic disclose the mechanism that stratification influences hydraulic fracture expanded configuration, instruct fracturing optimizing
Design.
The method may include: according to formation parameter and construction parameter, establish shale formation model；According to fluid neuron network
Equation, rock deformation equation, stratification effect criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, establish fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation；According to
The fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation is extended finite element numerical simulation in the shale formation model, determines that stratification is developed
Shale formation hydraulic fracture height.
Preferably, the formation parameter includes: that initial in-site stress field, initial seepage field, initial porosity and fracture surface are filtered
Lose coefficient, stratification quantity and stratification thickness.
Preferably, the construction parameter includes construction fluid displacement and construction fluid viscosity.
Preferably, the rock deformation equation are as follows:
Wherein, Ω is integral space, and S is integral spatial surface, pwFor pore-fluid seepage pressure, I be unit matrix to
Amount,For effective stress in reservoir rock,For virtual strain field, δ v is rock node virtual velocity field, and T is outside unit integral domain
Surface force, f are the unit volume power for not considering fluid gravity, and φ is rock porosity；ρwFor pore-fluid density, g is gravity
Acceleration, δ are empty field quantity symbol.
Preferably, the fluid neuron network equation are as follows:
Wherein, Ω is integral space, and S is integral spatial surface, and φ is rock porosity, and n is the method with integral outer surface
The parallel direction of line；vwThe fluid-flow rate between blowhole, t are to calculate the time.
Preferably, the fracture surface liquid flow equation includes fracture surface tangential flow equation and fracture surface tangential flow side
Journey.
Preferably, the fracture surface tangential flow equation are as follows:
Q=-kt▽p (3)
Wherein, q is fracturing fluid discharge capacity, ktFor flow coefficient, p is flowing pressure；
The fracture surface normal direction flow equation are as follows:
qt=ct(pi-pt), qb=cb(pi-pb) (5)
Wherein, qtSeepage flow flow for fluid in crack upper surface, qbSeepage flow flow for fluid in crack lower surface, ct
Leakoff coefficent for fluid in crack upper surface, cbLeakoff coefficent for fluid in crack lower surface, ptFor fluid on crack table
The pore pressure in face, pbPore pressure for fluid in crack lower surface, piFor Colesive Crack Element median surface fluid pressure
Power.
Preferably, the stratification effect criterion includes: crack arrest and interface sliding criterion when major fracture intersects with single stratification；
Interface criterion is passed through in crack.
Preferably, crack arrest and interface sliding criterion when the major fracture intersects with single stratification are as follows: when net pressure is relatively small
When friction stree, sliding area follows formula (9):
Wherein, βsFor the relative length of sliding, Π is the magnitude of opposite net pressure；When net pressure is much larger than 1, sliding area
Domain follows formula (10):
Preferably, interface criterion is passed through in the crack are as follows:
Wherein, Cr is to pass through function, KintTo pass through stress intensity coefficient, KIcFor the fracture toughness of rock behind stratification, α
=σhτm, σhFor the relatively minimal horizontal stress on stratum behind stratification interface, τmFor the critical shear of the sliding part of horizontal interface
Stress.
The present invention has other characteristics and advantages, these characteristics and advantages are from the attached drawing and subsequent tool being incorporated herein
It will be apparent, or will be carried out in body embodiment in the drawings and the subsequent detailed description incorporated herein
Statement in detail, the drawings and the detailed description together serve to explain specific principles of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment of the present is described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of the invention is above-mentioned and other
Purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, identical reference label is usual
Represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the step of stratification development shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method according to the present invention
Flow chart.
Fig. 2 shows the maximum tension stress clouds formed when crack according to an embodiment of the invention is extended along stratification
Figure.
Fig. 3 shows extension initial model in multiple shale stratifications crack according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 shows fracture height figure when crack according to an embodiment of the invention extends in stratification.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the preferred embodiment of the present invention in attached drawing,
However, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.On the contrary, providing
These embodiments are of the invention more thorough and complete in order to make, and can will fully convey the scope of the invention to ability
The technical staff in domain.
Fig. 1 shows the step of stratification development shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method according to the present invention
Flow chart.
In this embodiment, stratification according to the present invention development shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method can be with
Include: step 101, according to formation parameter and construction parameter, establishes shale formation model；Step 102, according to fluid neuron network side
Journey, rock deformation equation, stratification effect criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, establish fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation；Step
103, according to fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, it is extended finite element numerical simulation in shale formation model, determines that stratification is developed
Shale formation hydraulic fracture height.
In one example, formation parameter includes: initial in-site stress field, initial seepage field, initial porosity and fracture surface
Leakoff coefficent, stratification quantity and stratification thickness.
In one example, construction parameter includes construction fluid displacement and construction fluid viscosity.
In one example, rock deformation equation are as follows:
Wherein, Ω is integral space, and S is integral spatial surface, pwFor pore-fluid seepage pressure, I be unit matrix to
Amount,For effective stress in reservoir rock,For virtual strain field, δ v is rock node virtual velocity field, and T is outside unit integral domain
Surface force, f are the unit volume power for not considering fluid gravity, and φ is rock porosity；ρwFor pore-fluid density, g is gravity
Acceleration, δ are empty field quantity symbol.
In one example, fluid neuron network equation are as follows:
Wherein, Ω is integral space, and S is integral spatial surface, and φ is rock porosity, and n is the method with integral outer surface
The parallel direction of line；vwThe fluid-flow rate between blowhole, t are to calculate the time.
In one example, fracture surface liquid flow equation includes fracture surface tangential flow equation and fracture surface tangential flow
Equation.
In one example, fracture surface tangential flow equation are as follows:
Q=-kt▽p (3)
Wherein, q is fracturing fluid discharge capacity, ktFor flow coefficient, p is flowing pressure；
Fracture surface normal direction flow equation are as follows:
qt=ct(pi-pt), qb=cb(pi-pb) (5)
Wherein, qtSeepage flow flow for fluid in crack upper surface, qbSeepage flow flow for fluid in crack lower surface, ct
Leakoff coefficent for fluid in crack upper surface, cbLeakoff coefficent for fluid in crack lower surface, ptFor fluid on crack table
The pore pressure in face, pbPore pressure for fluid in crack lower surface, piFor Colesive Crack Element median surface fluid pressure
Power.
In one example, stratification effect criterion includes: crack arrest and interface sliding standard when major fracture intersects with single stratification
Then；Interface criterion is passed through in crack.
In one example, crack arrest and interface sliding criterion when major fracture intersects with single stratification are as follows: when net pressure is opposite
When less than friction stree, sliding area follows formula (9):
Wherein, βsFor the relative length of sliding, Π is the magnitude of opposite net pressure；When net pressure is much larger than 1, sliding area
Domain follows formula (10):
In one example, interface criterion is passed through in crack are as follows:
Wherein, Cr is to pass through function, KintTo pass through stress intensity coefficient, KIcFor the fracture toughness of rock behind stratification, α
=σhτm, σhFor the relatively minimal horizontal stress on stratum behind stratification interface, τmFor the critical shear of the sliding part of horizontal interface
Stress.
Specifically, according to formation parameter and construction parameter, shale formation model is established, wherein formation parameter includes initial
Stress field, initial seepage field, initial porosity and fracture surface leakoff coefficent, stratification quantity and stratification thickness, wherein construction ginseng
Number includes construction fluid displacement and construction fluid viscosity.In view of hydraulic fracture encounters layer in the extension of height on vertical interface
Reason, at contact point, it is necessary first to obtain revised FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS: such as crevice volume, the passivation of fracture width, crack forward position
Feature, interface sliding regional scope bs, net pressure drop after contact in crack, establish corresponding interface interaction analytic modell analytical model criterion
And it is used in the crack the 3D extended model then set up.
According to fluid neuron network equation, rock deformation equation, stratification effect criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, stream is established
Gu Coupled Numerical equation.
In hydraulic fracturing process, as the increase pump pressure of discharge capacity constantly increases, fracture surface upper fluid infiltration is acted on accordingly
Flowing pressure is also continuously increased, so that fluid increases to the leak-off on stratum, is led to the change of the stress state in blowhole, is caused
Rock deformation, and the variation of stress necessarily causes the change of the parameters such as reservoir porosity, fluid neuron network speed in rock, in turn
The variation of seepage field pore pressure on fracture surface is influenced whether again, and this fluid neuron network and rock deformation is mutual in reservoir rock
It restricts, the relationship of interaction is known as seepage-pipe coupling model.It is assumed that reservoir rock porous media meets Drucker-
Prager hardens criterion, and fully saturated incompressible fluid in blowhole, then rock deformation equation is formula (1), and fluid seeps
Flow equation is formula (2).
Fracturing fluid is considered as Newtonian fluid, fracture surface liquid flow equation includes fracture surface tangential flow equation and fracture surface
Tangential flow equation, fracture surface tangential flow equation is formula (3), according to Reynolds number equation, flow coefficient ktIt is represented by public affairs
Formula (4):
In formula, d is fracture open width, and μ is fracturing fluid viscosity coefficient.
Fracturing fluid is seepage flow leak-off of the fluid to stratum in the flowing of fracture surface normal direction, and ABAQUS passes through setting
The mode of leakoff coefficent forms a permeable formation in fracture faces.Fracture surface normal direction flow equation is formula (5).With Rock Matrix
It compares, the cementing shear fracture intensity K of stratificationⅡTo be lower than Rock Matrix extension fracture intensity KII, when both having reached certain condition
The shearing slip of first first occurred stratification.
Fluid neuron network equation, rock deformation equation, the flowing of fracture surface fluid control the stress around major fracture and stratification
Field and pressure field, and stratification effect criterion then decides the intensity of stratification, when reaching the condition of setting, major fracture is in single layer
Interface is passed through in reason crack arrest.
Stratification effect criterion includes crack arrest and interface sliding criterion when major fracture intersects with single stratification；Interface is passed through in crack
Criterion, wherein crack arrest and interface sliding criterion when major fracture intersects with single stratification are as follows: analytic modell analytical model simplifies crack contact and asks
The parameter of topic, the feature of interfacial contact parameter are as follows: (i) under the conditions of shearing force Surface active component range bs；(ii) intersection
Fracture width WT；(iii) the crevice volume V after contacting.These are characterized in the sliding part of crack net pressure p', horizontal interface
Critical shearing stressInterfacial fracture toughness KⅡc (INT)And the function of fracture half-length L.In order to simplify this problem, interface
The relative length β slided after being activateds=bs/ L, in the modified fracture width Ω in contact positionT=WTE'/4, modified crack body
Product v=VE'/(2 π), E'=E/ (1-v2) be revised plane strain Young's modulus, be represented as:
βs=βs(Π,KIIC) (6)
Wherein, vo=p'L2It is modified crevice volume, Ωm=p'L2It is the maximum amendment fracture width before contact.
II is opposite net pressure, II=p'/τm, KcBoundary strength,τm=λ σ ' v, λ are friction systems
Number, σ ' v=σ v-pintIt is in pore fluid pressure PintUnder the action of effective vertical stress, PintFor strata pressure, in crack
Fluid enters after stratification, is the pressure of osmotic fluid.The magnitude of these correlation properties, boundary are defined to the magnitude Π of net pressure
The size of face sliding increases with the increase of Π, when net pressure p ' becomes smaller or friction stree τmWhen becoming larger, Surface active component
Region will become smaller.In most of actual situations, (Π=p'/τ when net pressure is relatively shorter than friction streem< < 1),
Sliding area follows formula (9), and when net pressure is much larger than 1, sliding area follows formula (10).
Fig. 2 shows the maximum tension stress clouds formed when crack according to an embodiment of the invention is extended along stratification
Figure, wherein x-axis and y-axis respectively indicate crack in the position of transverse and longitudinal coordinate.
Interface criterion is passed through in crack are as follows: hydraulic fracture can be extended in short transverse first along the weak structures such as stratification face, be expanded
Maximum tension stress is being formed with stratification point of intersection during exhibition, as shown in Fig. 2, splitting to generate one across the new of interface
Seam, it is necessary to the energy for the sufficiently large elastic strain that adds up on rock.Judge to split with compound stress and energy scale
Seam passes through, and stress intensity coefficient K is passed through in setting firstint, then, function Cr is passed through in introducing, it is KintWith rock behind stratification
The fracture toughness K of stoneIcThe ratio between, as formula (11) passes through function Cr and is greater than 1 in the case where the standard of passing through meets, otherwise splits
It is sewn on interface to be limited, critically important effect is played in the comparison of interface two sides intensity, i.e.,
Fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation includes above-mentioned formula (1), formula (2), formula (3), formula (5), formula (9), public affairs
Formula (10) is extended finite element numerical simulation in shale formation model according to fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation with formula (11),
It can determine the shale formation hydraulic fracture height of stratification development, and then can determine that fracture height direction is single, multiple stratifications
The influence of fracture height judges influence of the construction parameter to stratification and crack.
Fig. 3 shows extension initial model in multiple shale stratifications crack according to an embodiment of the invention.
In influence of multiple horizontal beddings to the expanded configuration of 3D hydraulic fracture, in every layer of stratum, stress and rock
The physical property such as elasticity and intensity are not change, but they are gradual change between the layers, and crack extension is opened from incipient crack
Begin, as shown in Figure 3.The extension finite element model of foundation considers that horizontal well passes through layer and has multiple stratifications, each stratification up and down
With different mechanical attributes, it includes three continuous processes that simulation, which calculates:
1) reaction of the crack to injection pressure and stress state；
2) vertical and horizontal direction crack tip extends；
3) pressure change in crack and stratification；
Fig. 4 shows fracture height figure when crack according to an embodiment of the invention extends in stratification.
Analog result shows that major fracture, which reaches stratification, to be suspended, and extends then along stratification, after net pressure increases in crack
There is sufficiently large energy to go to pass through stratification into next stratification, when being extended with crack from a stratification to another stratification,
Net pressure decline, crack can temporarily cease the extension to all directions again at this time, later pressure increase, and crack is continued in level side
It extending up but is still limited on vertical direction simultaneously, net pressure in crack is caused to increase, this process constantly repeats,
The extension of crack discontinuity, as shown in Figure 4.(it is respectively when respectively using highly viscous injection fluid and the injection fluid of low viscosity
1cP and 100cP), highly viscous fluid is easier to pass through stratification as the result is shown.What construction parameter discharge capacity and liquid viscosity mainly influenced is
Pressure at major fracture and stratification position, can determine hydraulic fracture in the sliding of short transverse by calculating this pressure value
Situation and the stratification number passed through, and then determine crack actual height.
The present invention may determine that the restriction effect of multiple horizontal bedding fracture height, the shale formation that analysis layer haircut is educated
Hydraulic fracture form and operation pressure curvilinear characteristic under the conditions of different construction parameters disclose stratification to hydraulic fracture expanded configuration
The mechanism of influence, instructs Optimized fracturing design.
Using example
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.This field
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
Fuling shale covers small interlayer weak structure stratification more has two sets of series of strata mining feasibilities above and below being divided to be evaluated, level
It is big that well drills multiple small interlayer differences of mechanical properties, and Present Attitude is carried out by 50m or so design, focusing page 48-2 well fracture height
Simulation.
According to formation parameter and construction parameter, shale formation model is established, according to fluid neuron network equation, rock deformation side
Journey, stratification effect criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, establish fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, wherein stratification acts on criterion packet
Include: interface criterion is passed through in crack arrest and interface sliding criterion and crack when major fracture intersects with single stratification.
According to fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, it is extended finite element numerical simulation in shale formation model, determines stratification
The shale formation hydraulic fracture height of development.
In influence of multiple horizontal beddings to the expanded configuration of 3D hydraulic fracture, in every layer of stratum, stress and rock
The physical property such as elasticity and intensity are not change, but they are gradual change between the layers, and crack extension is opened from incipient crack
Begin.The extension finite element model of foundation considers that horizontal well passes through layer and has multiple stratifications up and down, and each stratification has different
Mechanical attribute, it includes three continuous processes that simulation, which calculates:
1) reaction of the crack to injection pressure and stress state；
2) vertical and horizontal direction crack tip extends；
3) pressure change in crack and stratification；
Analog result shows that major fracture, which reaches stratification, to be suspended, and extends then along stratification, after net pressure increases in crack
There is sufficiently large energy to go to pass through stratification into next stratification, when being extended with crack from a stratification to another stratification,
Net pressure decline, crack can temporarily cease the extension to all directions again at this time, later pressure increase, and crack is continued in level side
It extending up but is still limited on vertical direction simultaneously, net pressure in crack is caused to increase, this process constantly repeats,
The extension of crack discontinuity.It primarily determines that fracture height is 34.8m, illustrates that crack is the lower layer Bits Expanding in 34.8m, and do not have
Have and enter upper layer position, therefore, upper layer position also needs to be transformed.
In conclusion the present invention may determine that the restriction effect of multiple horizontal bedding fracture height, analysis layer haircut is educated
Shale formation under the conditions of different construction parameters hydraulic fracture form and operation pressure curvilinear characteristic, disclose stratification waterpower is split
The mechanism that expanded configuration influences is stitched, Optimized fracturing design is instructed.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that above to the purpose of the description of the embodiment of the present invention only for illustratively saying
The beneficial effect of bright the embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to given any example.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of stratification develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, comprising:
According to formation parameter and construction parameter, shale formation model is established；
According to fluid neuron network equation, rock deformation equation, stratification effect criterion and fracture surface liquid flow equation, establishes and flow solid coupling
Close numerical value equation；
According to the fluid structurecoupling numerical value equation, it is extended finite element numerical simulation in the shale formation model, is determined
The shale formation hydraulic fracture height of stratification development.
2. stratification according to claim 1 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein describedly
Layer parameter includes: initial in-site stress field, initial seepage field, initial porosity and fracture surface leakoff coefficent, stratification quantity and stratification
Thickness.
3. stratification according to claim 1 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein described to apply
Work parameter includes construction fluid displacement and construction fluid viscosity.
4. stratification according to claim 1 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein the rock
Stone deformation equation are as follows:
Wherein, Ω is integral space, and S is integral spatial surface, pwFor pore-fluid seepage pressure, I is unit matrix-vector,
For effective stress in reservoir rock,For virtual strain field, δ v is rock node virtual velocity field, and T is unit integral domain outer surface
Power, f are the unit volume power for not considering fluid gravity, and φ is rock porosity；ρwFor pore-fluid density, g is gravity acceleration
Degree, δ are empty field quantity symbol.
5. stratification according to claim 1 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein the stream
Body percolation equationk are as follows:
Wherein, Ω is integral space, and S is integral spatial surface, and φ is rock porosity, and n is flat with the normal of integral outer surface
Capable direction；vwThe fluid-flow rate between blowhole, t are to calculate the time.
6. stratification according to claim 1 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein described to split
Stitching surface current liquid flow equation includes fracture surface tangential flow equation and fracture surface tangential flow equation.
7. stratification according to claim 6 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein described to split
Seam face tangential flow equation are as follows:
Wherein, q is fracturing fluid discharge capacity, ktFor flow coefficient, p is flowing pressure；
The fracture surface normal direction flow equation are as follows:
qt=ct(pi-pt), qb=cb(pi-pb) (5)
Wherein, qtSeepage flow flow for fluid in crack upper surface, qbSeepage flow flow for fluid in crack lower surface, ctFor stream
Leakoff coefficent of the body in crack upper surface, cbLeakoff coefficent for fluid in crack lower surface, ptIt is fluid in crack upper surface
Pore pressure, pbPore pressure for fluid in crack lower surface, piFor Colesive Crack Element median surface Fluid pressure.
8. stratification according to claim 1 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein the layer
Reason acts on criterion
Crack arrest and interface sliding criterion when major fracture intersects with single stratification；
Interface criterion is passed through in crack.
9. stratification according to claim 8 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein the master
Crack arrest and interface sliding criterion when crack is intersected with single stratification are as follows:
When net pressure is relatively shorter than friction stree, sliding area follows formula (9):
Wherein, βsFor the relative length of sliding, Π is the magnitude of opposite net pressure；
When net pressure is much larger than 1, sliding area follows formula (10):
10. stratification according to claim 8 develops shale formation hydraulic fracture height number analogy method, wherein described
Interface criterion is passed through in crack are as follows:
Wherein, Cr is to pass through function, KintTo pass through stress intensity coefficient, KIcFor the fracture toughness of rock behind stratification, α=σh
τm, σhFor the relatively minimal horizontal stress on stratum behind stratification interface, τmCritical shear for the sliding part of horizontal interface is answered
Power.
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