CN110346688B - Method for rapidly judging and positioning faults of high-voltage complex cables of 110kV or above in segmented manner - Google Patents

Method for rapidly judging and positioning faults of high-voltage complex cables of 110kV or above in segmented manner Download PDF

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CN110346688B
CN110346688B CN201910699392.8A CN201910699392A CN110346688B CN 110346688 B CN110346688 B CN 110346688B CN 201910699392 A CN201910699392 A CN 201910699392A CN 110346688 B CN110346688 B CN 110346688B
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fault
cable
voltage
current
positioning
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CN110346688A (en
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孙廷玺
郭小凯
孔德武
南保峰
郑柒拾
崔江静
赵尊慧
梁育雄
林翠婷
廖雁群
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Zhuhai Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
Zhuhai Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/083Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for rapidly judging and positioning faults of high-voltage complex cables of 110kV and above in a segmented manner. A method for rapidly judging and positioning faults of high-voltage complex cables of 110kV or above in a segmented manner comprises minimum fault interval judgment and fault positioning. Injecting constant current into a fault cable line by using a negative-polarity high-voltage constant-current power supply at an outdoor terminal, detecting a direct-current signal of a metal sleeve of a middle joint of a three-phase cable by using a direct-current signal intelligent acquisition device, judging whether a fault point is in a front section or a rear section of a detection point according to the direct-current signal, continuously reducing the range of the fault section by using a bisection method to obtain a minimum fault section, and finding the fault point in the minimum fault section by using an intelligent voltage comparison method and a cable fault accurate positioning method. The invention improves the cable fault finding efficiency, shortens the power failure time, improves the power supply reliability and has very high market application value by the method of sectional fault discrimination and rapid positioning.

Description

Method for rapidly judging and positioning faults of high-voltage complex cables of 110kV or above in segmented manner
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-voltage circuit fault positioning, in particular to a method for quickly judging and positioning faults of high-voltage complex cables of 110kV or above in a segmented manner.
Background
The high-voltage cable has the advantages of small occupied area, convenience in laying, personal safety guarantee, high power supply reliability, small maintenance workload and the like, and is widely applied to the high-voltage power transmission and transformation network. Along with the rapid development of large and medium-sized city construction and the requirement of city planning in China, the scale of the power transmission and transformation network of the power system is larger and larger, especially the high-voltage power transmission and transformation network of 110kV and above. The cable in the network, which is also a complex system, may contain a GIS terminal; may contain a T-linker; possibly a long line, comprising a plurality of cross-connect segments. Once the cable is subjected to insulation breakdown, fault points often cannot be located for several days, power supply time is prolonged, and power supply reliability is reduced. In the current market, three methods, namely a Murray bridge method, a traveling wave reflection method and an intelligent voltage drop method, are mainly used for positioning the cable fault in the transmission and transformation network with the voltage level of 110kV or above.
The method for positioning the breakdown point by using the Murray bridge is a classical method, and is convenient and accurate. But the bridge can only obtain a percentage and the distance between fault points is calculated manually. Sometimes, the load current adjacent to the running cable generates power frequency interference, the bridge galvanometer is damaged, or the bridge galvanometer cannot be balanced, or the alternating current participates in the bridge balance, so that the positioning proportion error is large.
The traveling wave reflection method mainly includes a secondary pulse method, a tertiary pulse method and a pulse current method. The waveform measured by the pulse current method is complex and difficult to understand, and an inexperienced person can hardly identify the reflected pulse of the fault point. The secondary pulse method reserves the method that the pulse current method breaks down the fault point by using a high-voltage signal, and introduces the low-voltage pulse method into the test of high-resistance fault, so that the waveform is easier to understand and is convenient to master. The triple pulse method is characterized in that a high-voltage short-time pulse firstly impacts a fault point, and then a medium-voltage pulse is followed to maintain a long enough arc, so that the low-voltage pulse is more reliable in synchronization. However, since the high-voltage cable has cross interconnection and T-shaped joints, wave impedance generates abrupt change, reflected waves are positioned very complicated and difficult to position, and high-voltage pulses also have energy loss at the point and are difficult to reach a remote place.
The intelligent voltage comparison method can solve the problem of low-resistance and stable-type high-resistance fault location of the high-voltage complex cable, and is high in precision and efficiency. However, the intelligent voltage comparison method needs to lead out the core wires at two ends of the fault cable and the auxiliary cable, one end of the fault cable is a test end, and the other end of the fault cable is connected with a short-circuit wire. GIS terminals are particularly widely applied to cable lines, GIS terminals of some manufacturers can lead out cables through a grounding switch, and in consideration of the safety of the GIS terminals, high voltage is not applied to the grounding switch of the GIS terminals by some units; and GIS terminals of some manufacturers can not lead out the cable cores through the grounding switch at all, the GIS air chambers are opened within a few days, and the workload is large. The method is difficult to use when the fault of the high-voltage cable line of the long line is positioned.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for rapidly judging and positioning the faults of complex cables with high voltage of 110kV or above in a segmented manner, aiming at overcoming the problems of difficult operation understanding, poor positioning proportion and inapplicability to high-voltage circuits with 110kV or above of long lines in the background technology; the invention is suitable for fault location of a complex high-voltage circuit of a long line, has simple operation and understanding, can simultaneously carry out sectional troubleshooting, accelerates the working efficiency of fault location and shortens the power failure time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for rapidly judging and positioning the faults of the high-voltage complex cable of 110kV or above in a segmented manner comprises the following steps:
and (3) fault section judgment:
the first step is as follows: disconnecting a cable in a three-phase high-voltage cable system from other electrical equipment, injecting a constant current I into the three-phase high-voltage cable system by using a negative-polarity high-voltage constant-current power supply P, enabling the current I to flow through a fault point, and then flowing back to the high-voltage constant-current power supply P through a metal sleeve or a cable core of the fault cable;
the second step is that: detecting a direct current signal of a metal sleeve of a middle joint of the three-phase cable by using a direct current signal detection device, and judging whether the fault point is in a front section or a rear section of a detection point according to the direct current signal;
the third step: reducing and determining a new fault interval by using a segmented detection method;
the fourth step: if the length value of the determined new fault interval is larger than a preset threshold value, repeating the second step and the third step; if the length value of the fault interval is smaller than a preset threshold value, obtaining a minimum fault interval;
fault positioning: and grounding the wire core of the outdoor terminal of the phase in the minimum fault interval, and finding the position of the fault point in the minimum fault interval by using an intelligent voltage comparison method and a cable fault accurate positioning device. Therefore, the joint metal sleeve is installed in the three-phase cable line system, the fault section where the fault point is located is rapidly reduced by judging the section by using the direct current signal in the fault cable line where the fault point is subjected to insulation breakdown, when the fault section obtained by troubleshooting is smaller than a preset threshold value, the position of the fault point can be accurately determined by using an outdoor terminal wire core grounding method and an intelligent voltage comparison method and a cable fault accurate positioning device, and the whole technical scheme is easy to understand and simple to operate.
Preferably, the segment detection method is a dichotomy method.
Further, the action modes of the high-voltage constant-current power supply P and the current I comprise one of the following conditions:
(1) the high-voltage constant-current power supply P is characterized in that two ends of the high-voltage constant-current power supply P are respectively connected with a wire core and a metal sleeve of a fault cable, constant current I is injected between the wire core and the metal sleeve of the fault cable through the high-voltage constant-current power supply P, and when the current I flows through a fault point of insulation breakdown in a fault cable circuit, the current I flows back to the power supply P through the metal sleeve or the wire core of the cable.
(2) Two ends of the high-voltage constant-current power supply P are respectively connected with a wire core and the ground of the fault cable, constant current I is injected between the wire core and the ground of the fault cable through the high-voltage constant-current power supply P, the current I is grounded through a metal sleeve by a ground net, flows through a fault point where insulation breakdown occurs in a circuit of the fault cable, and then flows back to the power supply P through the wire core of the cable. Thus, in order to avoid overlarge grounding circulation of the high-voltage cable, the metal sleeve generally adopts two modes of cross interconnection or direct grounding at one end and protective grounding at the other end, so that the condition (1) is adopted in a fault cable system of the cross interconnection of the metal sleeve; in a faulty cable system in which one end of the metal sheath is directly grounded and the other end is directly grounded, the case (2) is adopted.
Further, the dc signal detecting apparatus includes:
direct current coupling caliper: and coupling the direct current flowing through the metal sleeve of the tested cable.
A filter circuit: the direct current coupled by the calipers is converted into a voltage signal, a common mode circuit formed by inductance capacitors inhibits the common mode signal from entering an AD conversion loop, and a low-pass filter circuit formed by resistance capacitors filters power frequency interference.
A/D conversion: the direct current voltage is converted into a digital signal, so that the digital signal is convenient to process by a digital circuit.
Digital processing and display unit: and processing the digital signal subjected to A/D conversion, converting the obtained direct current voltage signal into direct current according to the magnitude of the current sampling resistor, and displaying the direct current.
Furthermore, the intelligent voltage comparison method is that the metal sleeves M, N at the two ends of the minimum fault interval are suspended, and then the metal sleeves O, P at the positions opposite to M, N on the adjacent phases of the minimum fault interval are suspended; and taking M and O as test head ends, taking N and P as test tail ends, short-circuiting by using a thick line, obtaining a proportional numerical value according to the test voltage drop, and calculating the distance from the fault point to the two ends of the minimum fault interval according to the cable length of the minimum interval.
Preferably, the cable fault pinpoint device includes:
a fault positioning power supply: applying a high voltage pulse to ground through the M points;
fault location instrument: and detecting the difference values of the discharge sound wave, the magnetic field and the acoustomagnetic time of the fault point right above the laying path of the minimum fault interval to find the fault point.
Thus, in the outdoor terminal of the high-voltage three-phase cable circuit with long line, the high-voltage constant current power supply with negative polarity is used for injecting stable current into the outdoor terminal, the current flows through the metal sleeve of the cable, the metal sleeve earth wires at two ends of the insulating joint at the midpoint of the line can couple hundreds of milliamperes of current on the metal sleeve by using the direct current calipers in the intelligent direct current signal acquisition device, the direct current coupled by the direct current calipers is converted into a voltage signal through the filter circuit, and common mode signals are inhibited from entering an A/D conversion circuit through a common mode circuit composed of inductance capacitors, a low pass filter circuit composed of resistance capacitors filters power frequency interference, direct current voltage is converted into digital signals through the A/D conversion circuit, and the digital signals after A/D conversion are processed through a digital processing unit, and converting the obtained direct current voltage signal into direct current according to the magnitude of the current sampling resistor and displaying the direct current signal. Judging whether a fault point is in a front section or a rear section of a detection point according to the detected numerical value of the direct current signal and the current change rule of the direct current signal and the high-voltage constant-current power supply, wherein if the fault point is in the front section of the detection point, the next detection point is an insulating joint in the middle of the front section of the line, and if the fault point is in the rear section of the detection point, the next detection point is an insulating joint in the rear section of the line; thus, by utilizing the bisection method, the range of the fault interval can be continuously reduced until a fault interval smaller than a preset threshold value is obtained, and the interval is defined as a minimum fault interval; and then grounding the cable cores of the outdoor terminals of the phase of the minimum fault section, suspending the metal protective sleeves at two ends of the minimum fault section, wherein the identifiers at two ends are M and N, the identifiers at the positions, opposite to the M and the N, of the adjacent phase are O and P, suspending the metal sleeves corresponding to the O and the P, using an intelligent voltage comparison method, taking the M and the O as test head ends, taking the N and the P as test tail ends, using a thick short circuit, obtaining a proportion value according to the intelligent voltage comparison method, and calculating the distance of the position of a fault point according to the length of the cable of the minimum section. Therefore, sectional troubleshooting can be carried out, the fault section is shortened more quickly, when the distance between the fault sections is smaller, the cable core of the outdoor terminal is grounded, the distance of a fault point can be determined more accurately by adopting an intelligent voltage method, then a fault positioning power supply is utilized, high-voltage pulse is applied to the ground through M points, and by means of a fault location instrument, the difference value of the discharge sound wave, the magnetic field and the acoustomagnetic time of the fault point is detected right above the cable laying path of the minimum fault section, so that the position of the fault point is found accurately.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are:
1. the operation understanding is simple, the sectional investigation can be carried out simultaneously, the working efficiency of fault location is accelerated, and the power failure time is shortened.
2. In the minimum fault interval, because the cable distance is shorter, the cable core of the outdoor terminal of the phase of the minimum fault interval is grounded, and the fault point can be found more accurately by adopting an intelligent voltage method and an accurate positioning device, so that the error is smaller, and the efficiency is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the intelligent direct-current signal acquisition device in the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fault section determination structure applied to a cable system in which metal jackets are cross-interconnected according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the fault point locating method applied to the cable system with the metal sleeves interconnected in a cross mode.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of fault section determination in a cable system in which a metal jacket is directly grounded at one end and protected and grounded at the other end.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fault location structure applied to a cable system in which a metal sleeve is directly grounded at one end and protected and grounded at the other end.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in combination with the attached drawings:
example 1
The invention provides a method for quickly judging and positioning faults of high-voltage complex cables of 110kV or above in a segmented manner, which comprises the following steps of fault interval judgment and fault positioning, specifically:
and (3) fault section judgment:
as shown in fig. 2, the faulty cable GA is disconnected from other electrical devices, and a constant current I is injected between the faulty cable core and the metal sheath at the outdoor terminal NA by using a high voltage constant current power supply P of negative polarity, flows through the metal sheath of the cable, flows through the fault point, and flows back to the power supply P via the cable core.
The first step is as follows: by bisection, firstly at J of the line3A、J3B、J3CAnd the grounding wires on the two sides of the joint are detected by using the direct current calipers. As long as in J3A、J3B、J3CAny one connects earth connection segmentation current detector and detects direct current, and the size is close to I, and this current change rule is unanimous with high-pressure crossing current power supply current change: the supply current increases where the current increases, the supply current decreases where the current decreases, and the power off where the current is zero. Fault point is J3Is connected to GAIn the meantime.
Second, using dichotomy, on line J4A、J4B、J4CThe two sides of the joint are detected by using a direct current caliper. The segmented current detector detects direct current, and the current is consistent with the change rule of the power supply current: the supply current increases where the current increases, the supply current decreases where the current decreases, and the power off where the current is zero. Fault point is J4Is connected to GAIn the meantime.
Third, on line J5A、J5B、J5CThe two sides of the joint are detected by using a direct current caliper. The segmented current detector detects that the direct current is zero. Therefore, it can be determined that the fault point is J4To J5Between joints, including insulating joints J4ANear to GASide, J4ATo J5ACable body and insulating joint J5ANear to NAAnd (3) side.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 1, the intelligent acquisition device for direct current signals comprises:
(1) direct current coupling caliper: and coupling the direct current flowing through the metal sleeve of the tested cable.
(2) A filter circuit: the direct current coupled by the calipers is converted into a voltage signal, a common mode circuit formed by inductance capacitors inhibits the common mode signal from entering an AD conversion loop, and a low-pass filter circuit formed by resistance capacitors filters power frequency interference.
(3) A/D conversion: the direct current voltage is converted into a digital signal, so that the digital signal is convenient to process by a digital circuit.
(4) Digital processing and display unit: and processing the digital signal subjected to A/D conversion, converting the obtained direct current voltage signal into direct current according to the magnitude of the current sampling resistor, and displaying the direct current.
Fault location determination
And grounding the wire core of the outdoor terminal of the phase in the minimum fault interval, and finding the position of the fault point in the minimum fault interval by using an intelligent voltage comparison method and a cable fault accurate positioning device.
The sheath insulation of high voltage cables is routinely tested every year to ensure good sheath insulation. When the cable is damaged by external force and main insulation breakdown occurs, the cable is damaged along with the outer sheath at the main insulation breakdown point; when main insulation breakdown occurs in the running process of the cable, the insulation of the outer sheath at some breakdown points is not damaged.
As shown in fig. 3, the failed phase NAGrounding the core of the end cable, suspending the metal outer sheath of the section cable in the minimum fault interval of the phase A, wherein the marks at two ends of the metal outer sheath are M and N; mixing B phase J4To J5The metal sleeve of the cable section is suspended, and the marks at the two ends are O and P. By using an intelligent voltage comparison method, taking M and O as test head ends, taking N and P as test tail ends, and using a thick short circuit to obtain a proportional value according to the intelligent voltage comparison method and according to J4To J5The length of the cable section is calculated, and the distance J between fault points F is calculated4The position of the joint; and finally, finding the position of the fault point by adopting a cable fault precise positioning device in a determined range.
The sectional fault judging and positioning method simplifies the fault finding process of a complex line, greatly improves the fault finding and cable repairing efficiency, and has important significance for improving the power supply reliability in power supply.
Example 2
This example is similar to example 1, except that:
the cable system with faults adopts a mode that one end of a metal sleeve is directly grounded and the other end of the metal sleeve is protected and grounded.
And (3) fault section judgment: as shown in fig. 4, the fault cable GA is disconnected from other electrical devices, a constant current I is injected between the core of the fault cable and the ground at the outdoor terminal NA by using a high-voltage constant current power supply P of negative polarity, and the current I is directly grounded through the metal sleeve from the ground grid, passes through the fault section metal sleeve, flows through the fault point, and flows back to the power supply P through the core of the fault cable.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fault location structure of a cable system in which one end of a metal sleeve is directly grounded and the other end of the metal sleeve is protected and grounded, and in fig. 5, a cable core at a fault phase NA is grounded.
The steps and the working principle of the other parts of the embodiment are the same as the embodiment.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A rapid sectional discrimination and positioning method for faults of high-voltage complex cables of 110kV and above is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (3) fault section judgment:
the first step is as follows: disconnecting a cable in a three-phase high-voltage cable system from other electrical equipment, injecting a constant current I into the three-phase high-voltage cable system by using a negative-polarity high-voltage constant-current power supply P, enabling the current I to flow through a fault point, and then flowing back to the high-voltage constant-current power supply P through a metal sleeve or a cable core of a fault cable;
the second step is that: detecting a direct current signal of a metal sleeve of a middle joint of the three-phase cable by using a direct current signal detection device, and judging whether the fault point is in a front section or a rear section of a detection point according to the direct current signal;
the third step: reducing and determining a new fault interval by using a segmented detection method;
the fourth step: if the length value of the determined new fault interval is larger than a preset threshold value, repeating the second step and the third step; if the length value of the fault interval is smaller than a preset threshold value, obtaining a minimum fault interval;
fault positioning: grounding a cable core of an outdoor terminal of a phase in a minimum fault interval, and finding the position of a fault point in the minimum fault interval by using an intelligent voltage comparison method and a cable fault accurate positioning device.
2. The method for rapidly distinguishing and positioning the faults of the high-voltage complex cables of 110kV and above according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the segmented detection method is a dichotomy.
3. The method for rapidly distinguishing and positioning the faults of the high-voltage complex cables of 110kV and above according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the action mode of the high-voltage constant-current power supply P and the current I comprises one of the following conditions:
(1) the two ends of the high-voltage constant-current power supply P are respectively connected with a wire core and a metal sleeve of a fault cable, constant current I is injected between the wire core of the fault cable and the metal sleeve of the fault cable through the high-voltage constant-current power supply P, and when the current I flows through a fault point of insulation breakdown in a fault cable circuit, the current I flows back to the power supply P through the metal sleeve of the fault cable or the wire core of the fault cable;
(2) the high-voltage constant-current power supply P is connected with a core and the ground of the fault cable at two ends respectively, constant current I is injected between the core and the ground of the fault cable through the high-voltage constant-current power supply P, and the current I is grounded through a metal sleeve by a ground net, flows through a fault point where insulation breakdown occurs in a circuit of the fault cable and then flows back to the power supply P through the core of the fault cable.
4. The method for rapidly distinguishing and positioning the faults of the high-voltage complex cables of 110kV and above according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the direct current signal detection device comprises:
direct current coupling caliper: coupling direct current flowing through a metal sleeve of the tested cable;
a filter circuit: converting direct current coupled by the calipers into voltage signals, inhibiting common-mode signals from entering an AD conversion loop through a common-mode circuit formed by inductance capacitors, and filtering power frequency interference by a low-pass filter circuit formed by resistance capacitors;
A/D conversion: the direct current voltage is converted into a digital signal, so that the digital signal is convenient to process by a digital circuit;
digital processing and display unit: and processing the digital signal subjected to A/D conversion, converting the obtained direct current voltage signal into direct current according to the magnitude of the current sampling resistor, and displaying the direct current.
5. The method for rapidly distinguishing and positioning the faults of the high-voltage complex cables of 110kV and above according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the intelligent voltage comparison method is characterized in that metal sleeves M, N at two ends of the minimum fault interval are suspended, and then metal sleeves O, P at positions opposite to M, N on adjacent phases of the minimum fault interval are suspended; and taking M and O as test head ends, taking N and P as test tail ends, utilizing a thick line short circuit, and calculating the distance from the fault point to two ends of the minimum fault section according to the ratio value of the test voltage drop and the cable length of the minimum fault section.
6. The method for rapidly distinguishing and positioning the faults of the high-voltage complex cables of 110kV and above according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the cable fault accurate positioning device comprises:
a fault positioning power supply: applying a high voltage pulse to ground through the M points;
fault location instrument: and detecting the discharge sound wave, the magnetic field or the sound-magnetic time difference value of the fault point right above the laying path of the minimum fault interval to find the fault point.
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