CN110346213B - Stability evaluation method for surrounding rock of tunnel underpass gob - Google Patents
Stability evaluation method for surrounding rock of tunnel underpass gob Download PDFInfo
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- CN110346213B CN110346213B CN201910727236.8A CN201910727236A CN110346213B CN 110346213 B CN110346213 B CN 110346213B CN 201910727236 A CN201910727236 A CN 201910727236A CN 110346213 B CN110346213 B CN 110346213B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly provides a method for evaluating the stability of vault surrounding rocks of a tunnel underpass goaf, wherein a plurality of typical sections and conventional sections with the same lithology are selected according to different heights of a tunnel vault from the goaf, and the uniaxial compressive strength of a field rock mass is measured by using a point loading instrument; collecting the axial force of an arch frame, the contact pressure of surrounding rocks and the radial stress of a concrete sprayed layer by adopting a steel bar stress meter, a pressure cell and a concrete stress meter; collecting vault displacement; and (3) calculating dimensionless parameter index values reflecting the stability of the vault surrounding rock of the underpass goaf of the tunnel, distributing weight coefficients according to a proportion, establishing a quantitative evaluation value of the stability of the vault surrounding rock of the underpass goaf of the tunnel, and guiding field support and construction. The invention strengthens the test of the on-site rock body under different strength conditions, so that the evaluation of the stability of the surrounding rock is more reasonable when the on-site rock body strength is involved. The surrounding rock control effect evaluation can be carried out on the construction site, indoor tests do not need to be carried out, and the construction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the stability of surrounding rocks of a tunnel underpass goaf.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, the traffic demand is greatly increased, highways and highways are rapidly increased, the function of tunnels in corresponding engineering is increasingly important, and in northwest areas such as Shanxi and inner Mongolia areas, coal producing provinces are large, a plurality of tunnels penetrate through mined-out areas, and particularly, the lower-penetrating mined-out areas are the most common. Because coal measure strata in China are complex in distribution and goaf is irregular, the situation has great harm to tunnel construction safety, and therefore, the evaluation on the stability of surrounding rock of the goaf penetrated under the tunnel is carried out, and the method has very important significance in guiding tunnel construction.
At present, the goaf is mainly managed for the stability of surrounding rocks passing through the goaf under a tunnel, single-factor and qualitative evaluation are mainly adopted, and displacement monitoring and steel frame stress monitoring are mainly adopted, particularly, the situation that the stress of the supporting body is monitored insufficiently is caused to be unknown; meanwhile, the strength change of the rock mass after the tunnel passes through the goaf and is excavated on site lacks an effective test, which inevitably causes inaccuracy and irrationality for the stability evaluation of the surrounding rock, and at present, a unified method does not exist at home and abroad.
The current evaluation methods have mainly the following disadvantages:
1. the support body is insufficiently monitored, so that the stability of the surrounding rock is unreasonably and inaccurately evaluated;
2. lack of testing of rock mass strength change after site excavation leads to incomplete evaluation of surrounding rock stability.
The point load testing of the rock strength is simple and rapid, is not limited by a site, and avoids the problems of overlong testing period and the like caused by indoor testing of the rock; meanwhile, monitoring of arch frame stress, surrounding rock contact pressure and concrete stress is carried out aiming at a certain specific position, comprehensive control of surrounding rock stress transmission and supporting effects is facilitated, displacement monitoring is assisted, a multi-factor and quantitative comprehensive evaluation method is established, surrounding rock stability can be evaluated scientifically and reasonably, and site construction is guided.
Therefore, it is required to provide a method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel underpass goaf, which is not enough in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the stability of surrounding rocks of a tunnel underpass gob, which at least solves the problems that single factor and qualitative are mainly used for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rocks of the underpass gob at present, the monitoring of the stress of a supporting body is insufficient, effective tests are lacked for the change of the strength of a rock body after the field excavation of the tunnel underpass gob, the factors cause inaccurate and unreasonable evaluation on the stability of the surrounding rocks, and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating stability of surrounding rocks of a tunnel underpass gob comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a plurality of typical sections and conventional sections with the same lithology, collecting a plurality of rock mass samples of different typical sections and rock mass samples of conventional sections of a construction site after excavation, and then respectively measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass samples;
step S2, respectively measuring the arch center axial force, the surrounding rock contact pressure and the concrete sprayed layer radial stress of the selected plurality of typical sections;
step S3, respectively measuring vault displacement of the selected plurality of typical sections;
and S4, calculating dimensionless parameter index values according to the uniaxial compressive strength, the arch axial force, the surrounding rock contact pressure, the concrete sprayed layer radial stress and the vault displacement obtained in the steps S1-S3, and distributing weight coefficients to the dimensionless parameter index values in proportion to obtain a quantitative evaluation value of the stability of the surrounding rock of the vault of the underground goaf of the tunnel, wherein the quantitative evaluation value is used for reflecting the stability of the surrounding rock of the underground goaf of the tunnel.
As mentioned above, in the method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel lower goaf, preferably, the method for measuring the rock mass sample in step S1 is as follows: the uniaxial compressive strength of rock mass samples of various typical sections obtained by using a point load meter is respectively sigma1、σ2……σnMeasuring uniaxial compressive strength of conventional cross section as σ0And n is the number of the typical sections, then the average value of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass sample of each typical section is taken, and finally the uniaxial compressive strength of the typical section is obtained.
According to the method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel lower-pass goaf, preferably, heights of the vault and the goaf between a plurality of selected typical sections are different, and distances from the vault to the goaf are h respectively1、h2……hnThe geological conditions of each typical fracture are similar to those of a conventional fracture with the same lithology.
As described above in the method for evaluating stability of surrounding rock in the tunnel underpass gob, preferably, in step S2, the axial force of the arch is measured by a steel bar stress meter, the contact pressure of the surrounding rock is measured by a pressure cell, and the radial stress of the concrete sprayed layer is measured by a concrete stress meter;
the measurement results of the axial force of the arch centering of a plurality of typical sections are respectively N1、N2……Nn；
The surrounding rock contact pressure measurement results of a plurality of typical sections are respectively P1、P2……Pn；
The measurement results of the radial stress of the concrete sprayed layer of a plurality of typical sections are respectively F1、F2……Fn。
As described above in the method for evaluating stability of surrounding rock in the tunnel underpass goaf, preferably, the measurement results of vault displacement of the typical cross section in step S3 are D respectively1、D2……Dn。
In the method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel lower-pass goaf, the dimensionless parameter indexes in the step S4 include uniaxial compressive strength weakening rate, arch frame strength utilization rate, surrounding rock stress transfer rate, concrete spray layer supporting sharing rate and vault displacement influence rate.
According to the method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel lower-passing goaf, preferably, the uniaxial compressive strength weakening rate is
αiIs a correlation coefficient, i is 1 to n, and Σ αi＝1；
The arch frame strength utilization rate is
βjIs a correlation coefficient, NsJ is 1 to n, and Σ β is the yield strength of the archj＝1，NsIs the yield strength of the arch;
the stress transmissibility of the surrounding rock is
ckF is tunnel surrounding rock stress, k is 1-n, and ∑ ckF is the stress of the tunnel surrounding rock as 1;
the concrete spray layer supporting sharing rate is
dmIs a correlation coefficient, FCM is 1 to n, and Σ d, for concrete compressive strengthm＝1，FCThe compressive strength of concrete is shown;
the vault displacement influence rate is
etIs a correlation coefficient, t is 1 to n, and ∑ et＝1。
According to the method for evaluating stability of surrounding rock of underpass goaf of tunnel, preferably, the quantitative evaluation value of stability of surrounding rock of vault of underpass goaf of tunnel
kwFor the distribution coefficient, w is 1-5, and ∑ kw＝1。
As mentioned above, the evaluation method for stability of surrounding rock of the underpass goaf in the tunnel preferably further includes the following steps:
step S5, connect eta and eta0Making a comparison, wherein eta0Is an evaluation standard value;
step S6, when eta < eta >0When the measured value is smaller than the evaluation standard value, measures such as reinforcing and supporting the surrounding rock are taken immediately;
step S7, when eta is larger than or equal to eta0And (4) keeping the original supporting scheme unchanged when the monitored value is larger than or equal to the evaluation standard value.
According to the method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel lower-passing goaf, the number of the typical sections is preferably 3-5.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
(1) the invention belongs to a multi-factor comprehensive quantitative evaluation method, overcomes the defect that the existing evaluation method mainly uses single-factor or semi-qualitative semi-quantitative evaluation, and makes the evaluation method more reasonable.
(2) The method fills the blank in the aspect of evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel underpass gob, and improves a surrounding rock control evaluation system.
(3) The invention strengthens the test of the on-site rock body under different strength conditions, so that the evaluation of the stability of the surrounding rock is more reasonable when the on-site rock body strength is involved.
(4) According to the invention, the evaluation of the surrounding rock control effect can be carried out on the construction site, and an indoor test is not required to be carried out, so that the support design and construction are guided based on the evaluation, and the construction efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a detailed flowchart of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention provides a method for evaluating the stability of surrounding rock of a tunnel underpass goaf, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting a plurality of typical sections and conventional sections with the same lithology, collecting a plurality of rock mass samples of different typical sections and rock mass samples of conventional sections of a construction site after excavation, and then respectively measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass samples. In the embodiment, the number of the rock mass samples is at least five, the number of the rock mass samples selected on each typical section is at least five, a single rock mass sample has a certain discrete type, and the average value of a plurality of rock mass samples selected on each typical section is obtained, so that the accuracy of the uniaxial compressive strength measurement result can be ensured. In this embodiment, the number of the typical sections is 3 to 5 (e.g., 3, 4, or 5), and the number of the typical sections may be 3 to 5 according to the actual selected specific number of the construction site. The conventional section is selected mainly for comparing with the typical section, especially comparing with the uniaxial compressive strength of a rock mass sample, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the conventional section is compared with that of the typical section.
The lithology refers to some attributes reflecting the characteristics of the rock, such as color, components, structure, cement type, special minerals and the like. The representative section refers to a basic form of the representative section, which is a common expression mode in the field research and is also an artificial choice.
The lithology mainly refers to the same rock mass in actual engineering, the evaluation method mainly aims at the condition that the uniaxial compressive strength is different, and other geological conditions are the same or similar.
The method for measuring the rock mass sample in the step S1 comprises the following steps: the uniaxial compressive strength of rock mass samples of various typical sections obtained by using a point load meter is respectively sigma1、σ2……σnMeasuring uniaxial compressive strength of conventional cross section as σ0And n is the number of the typical sections, then the average value of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass sample of each typical section is taken, and finally the uniaxial compressive strength of the typical section is obtained.
Heights of the vault and the goaf between the selected plurality of typical sections are different, and distances from the vault to the goaf are h1、h2……hnThe geological conditions of each typical fracture are similar to those of a conventional fracture with the same lithology.
And step S2, respectively measuring the arch axial force, the surrounding rock contact pressure and the concrete sprayed layer radial stress of the selected plurality of typical sections.
In the step S2, the arch center axial force is measured by a steel bar stress meter, the surrounding rock contact pressure is measured by a pressure box, the pressure box is used for medium internal stress measurement in geotechnical engineering, and an instrument for measuring the contact stress between the surrounding rock and a supporting structure and between sprayed concrete and cast-in-place concrete is used, the pressure box is in a flat cylinder shape, the stressed side of the pressure box is placed towards the surrounding rock, and the pressure box is placed at the position of the arch top and is positioned between the surrounding rock of the arch top and the arch center. The concrete spraying layer radial stress is obtained by measuring through a concrete stress meter, the concrete stress meter is a vibrating string type sensor which is suitable for being buried in a hydraulic structure or other concrete structures for a long time, measuring the compression state in the structure and synchronously measuring the temperature of a buried point, the concrete stress meter is a cylinder with the length of about 20cm, the end of the cylinder belongs to a stress part and is placed in the concrete spraying layer, and the end faces to surrounding rocks.
The measurement results of the axial force of the arch centering of a plurality of typical sections are respectively N1、N2……Nn；
The contact pressure measurement results of surrounding rocks of a plurality of typical sections are respectively P1、P2……Pn；
The radial stress measurement results of concrete sprayed layers of a plurality of typical sections are respectively F1、F2……Fn。
And step S3, respectively measuring the displacement of the vault of the selected plurality of typical sections by a total station, measuring the displacement of the vault once a day approximately, and obtaining a stable value of the displacement according to the displacement variation trend of the vault, wherein the stable state of the surrounding rock refers to a state that the displacement is basically unchanged.
The dome displacement measurement results of the typical cross-section in step S3 are D1、D2……Dn。
And S4, calculating dimensionless parameter index values according to the uniaxial compressive strength, the arch axial force, the surrounding rock contact pressure, the concrete sprayed layer radial stress and the vault displacement obtained in the steps S1-S3, and distributing weight coefficients to the dimensionless parameter index values in proportion to obtain a quantitative evaluation value of the stability of the surrounding rock of the vault of the underground goaf of the tunnel, wherein the quantitative evaluation value is used for reflecting the stability of the surrounding rock of the underground goaf of the tunnel.
The dimensionless parameter indexes in the step S4 include uniaxial compressive strength weakening rate, arch frame strength utilization rate, surrounding rock stress transfer rate, concrete spray layer supporting sharing rate and vault displacement influence rate.
A rate of weakening of uniaxial compressive strength of
αiIs a correlation coefficient, i is 1 to n, and Σ αi1, i.e. uniaxial compressive strength weakening ratio of conventional cross sectionThe difference value of the compressive strength of the typical section of the underpass goaf and the ratio of the uniaxial compressive strength of the conventional section. The conventional section is a non-underpass goaf section, and the closer the underpass goaf section is to the goaf, the lower the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass is.
Arch strength utilization rate of
βjIs a correlation coefficient, j is 1 to n, and ∑ βj＝1，NsThe yield strength of the arch is the ratio of the arch axial force of a typical section to the yield strength of the arch, namely the utilization rate of the arch strength, wherein the yield strength of the arch is determined according to the steel type of the arch and belongs to a fixed value.
The stress transmissibility of the surrounding rock is
ckF is tunnel surrounding rock stress, k is 1-n, and ∑ ckThe stress transmissibility of the surrounding rock is 1, namely the ratio of the contact pressure of the surrounding rock of a typical section to the stress of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, wherein the stress of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is known, and the stress of the surrounding rock is obtained by field investigation in the early stage of actual engineering construction.
The concrete spraying layer supporting and protecting share rate is
dmIs a correlation coefficient, FCM is 1 to n, and Σ d, for concrete compressive strengthmThe concrete sprayed layer supporting share rate is the ratio of the radial stress of the concrete sprayed layer of a typical section to the concrete compressive strength, wherein the concrete compressive strength is a fixed value according to the concrete grade specific strength value.
The influence rate of vault displacement is
etIs a correlation coefficient, t is 1 to n, and ∑ et1, namely, the influence rate of vault displacement is the typical section vault displacement and the section tunnelThe ratio of the arch top to the goaf height.
Further, tunnel underpass goaf vault surrounding rock stability quantitative evaluation value
kwFor the distribution coefficient, w is 1-5, and ∑ kw＝1。
Further, the evaluation method of the present invention further comprises the steps of:
step S5, connect eta and eta0Making a comparison, wherein eta0To evaluate the standard value,. eta0The evaluation standard value is also an engineering experience value, is similar to a critical standard, and is equivalent to a reference standard of the stability of the surrounding rock of the engineering experience.
Step S6, when eta < eta >0And (3) when the monitored value is smaller than the evaluation standard value, measures such as reinforcing and supporting the surrounding rock are immediately carried out, and safety accidents on the construction site are prevented.
Step S7, when eta is larger than or equal to eta0And then, the original supporting scheme is maintained unchanged, the stability of surrounding rock penetrating the goaf under the tunnel is stronger, extra supporting is not needed, the invalid workload increased by excessive supporting is avoided, and meanwhile, the accident of rock burst or rock burst caused by excessive supporting can also be avoided.
To sum up, according to the method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the goaf passing under the tunnel, a plurality of typical sections and conventional sections are selected firstly, then a plurality of rock mass samples are selected on the typical sections, then the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass samples is measured, the arch axial force, the surrounding rock contact pressure and the concrete spraying layer radial stress and the vault displacement of the typical sections are measured, dimensionless parameter indexes are obtained through calculation, and then the quantitative evaluation value of the stability of the surrounding rock of the goaf passing under the tunnel is obtained after the weight coefficients are distributed in proportion for reflecting the stability of the surrounding rock of the goaf passing under the tunnel. The invention belongs to a multi-factor comprehensive quantitative evaluation method, overcomes the defect that the existing evaluation method mainly adopts single-factor or semi-qualitative semi-quantitative evaluation, makes the evaluation method more reasonable, fills the blank in the aspect of evaluation of the stability of surrounding rocks passing through a goaf under a tunnel, perfects a surrounding rock control evaluation system, strengthens the test of different field rock strengths, makes the evaluation of the stability of the surrounding rocks more reasonable when the field rock strength is related to the stability of the surrounding rocks, can evaluate the control effect of the surrounding rocks on a construction field, does not need to carry out an indoor test, guides the support design and construction based on the method, and improves the overall construction efficiency.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the particular embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for evaluating stability of surrounding rock of a tunnel underpass gob is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a plurality of typical sections and conventional sections with the same lithology, collecting a plurality of rock mass samples of different typical sections and rock mass samples of conventional sections of a construction site after excavation, and then respectively measuring the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass samples;
step S2, respectively measuring the arch center axial force, the surrounding rock contact pressure and the concrete sprayed layer radial stress of the selected plurality of typical sections;
step S3, respectively measuring vault displacement of the selected plurality of typical sections;
step S4, dimensionless parameter index values are calculated according to the uniaxial compressive strength, the arch axial force, the surrounding rock contact pressure, the concrete sprayed layer radial stress and the vault displacement obtained in the step S1-step S3, and the dimensionless parameter index values are distributed with weight coefficients in proportion to obtain a quantitative evaluation value of the surrounding rock stability of the vault of the goaf passing through the tunnel, and the quantitative evaluation value is used for reflecting the stability of the surrounding rock of the vault of the goaf passing through the tunnel;
step S4, dimensionless parameter indexes comprise uniaxial compressive strength weakening rate, arch frame strength utilization rate, surrounding rock stress transfer rate, concrete spray layer supporting sharing rate and vault displacement influence rate;
the above-mentionedA rate of weakening of uniaxial compressive strength of
αiIs a correlation coefficient, i is 1 to n, and Σ αi＝1，σiUniaxial compressive strength, sigma, of rock mass samples of typical cross-section0Uniaxial compressive strength of a conventional section;
the arch frame strength utilization rate is
βjIs a correlation coefficient, j is 1 to n, and ∑ βj＝1，NsIs the yield strength of the arch, NjThe arch center axial force is obtained;
the stress transmissibility of the surrounding rock is
ckIs a correlation coefficient, k is 1 to n, and ∑ ck1, f is tunnel wall rock stress, PkThe surrounding rock contact pressure;
the concrete spray layer supporting sharing rate is
dmM is 1 to n, and Σ d is a correlation coefficientm＝1，FCAs compressive strength of concrete, FmRadial stress of the sprayed layer;
the vault displacement influence rate is
etIs a correlation coefficient, t is 1 to n, and ∑ et＝1，DtFor displacement of the dome, htThe distance from the vault to the goaf.
2. The method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the through goaf under the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the method for measuring the rock mass sample in the step S1 comprises the following steps: each obtained by measuring with a point load meterUniaxial compressive strength of rock mass sample of a typical section, respectively sigma1、σ2……σnMeasuring uniaxial compressive strength of conventional cross section as σ0And n is the number of the typical sections, then the average value of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass sample of each typical section is taken, and finally the uniaxial compressive strength of the typical section is obtained.
3. The method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel underpass goaf as claimed in claim 2, wherein heights of the vault and the goaf between a plurality of selected typical sections are different, and distances from the vault to the goaf are h respectively1、h2……hn。
4. The method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the underpass goaf in the tunnel according to claim 3, wherein in the step S2, the axial force of the arch is measured by a steel bar stress meter, the contact pressure of the surrounding rock is measured by a pressure cell, and the radial stress of the concrete sprayed layer is measured by a concrete stress meter;
the measurement results of the axial force of the arch centering of a plurality of typical sections are respectively N1、N2……Nn；
The surrounding rock contact pressure measurement results of a plurality of typical sections are respectively P1、P2……Pn；
The measurement results of the radial stress of the concrete sprayed layer of a plurality of typical sections are respectively F1、F2……Fn。
5. The method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel lower-passing goaf as claimed in claim 4, wherein the typical cross-section vault displacement measurement results in step S3 are D1、D2……Dn。
6. The method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the underpass goaf of the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the surrounding rock of the vault of the underpass goaf of the tunnelQuantitative evaluation value of stability
kwFor the distribution coefficient, w is 1-5, and ∑ kw＝1。
7. The method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the underpass goaf in the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the evaluating method further comprises the following steps:
step S5, connect eta and eta0Making a comparison, wherein eta0Is an evaluation standard value;
step S6, when eta < eta >0When the value obtained by monitoring is smaller than the evaluation standard value, the surrounding rock is immediately reinforced and supported;
step S7, when eta is larger than or equal to eta0And (4) keeping the original supporting scheme unchanged when the monitored value is larger than or equal to the evaluation standard value.
8. The method for evaluating the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel underpass goaf according to claim 1, wherein the number of the typical sections is 3-5.
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