CN110345787A - A kind of design method for integrated high temp alkali metal heat pipe - Google Patents

A kind of design method for integrated high temp alkali metal heat pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110345787A
CN110345787A CN201910671454.4A CN201910671454A CN110345787A CN 110345787 A CN110345787 A CN 110345787A CN 201910671454 A CN201910671454 A CN 201910671454A CN 110345787 A CN110345787 A CN 110345787A
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heat pipe
liquid
working fluid
heat
steam
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王成龙
刘逍
苏光辉
张大林
秋穗正
田文喜
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/087—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from nickel or nickel alloys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of design methods of integrated high temp alkali metal heat pipe, and steps are as follows: 1, the single heat radiation power of heat pipe needed for being determined according to general requirement；2, working fluid is determined according to heat pipe operating condition；3, tube wall and liquid-sucking core material are determined according to working fluid and shell, the compatibility of liquid-sucking core material and intensity requirement；4, heat pipe evaporator section and condensation segment length are just set；5, steam cavity diameter is determined according to sonic limit；6, wick thickness and structure are designed according to capillary limitation；7, whether the Reynolds number of calculation work liquid meets the requirements；8, cycle calculations are until meet the requirements；9, the entrainment limit and the boiling limit of heat pipe are calculated；10, heat pipe evaporator section and condensation segment length are reset if being unsatisfactory for until meeting the requirements.The design method has more fully considered heat-transfer character, heat transport limitation and the Structural strength calls of high-temperature heat pipe.It, can preferably meet demand to which high-temperature heat pipe design parameter designed by method of the invention is more accurate.

Description

A kind of design method for integrated high temp alkali metal heat pipe
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat pipe design technical fields, and in particular to a kind of for design integration high-temperature alkali metal heat pipe Method.
Background technique
Heat pipe is now used one of most efficient passive thermal transfer devices, it have good thermal conductivity and Good isothermal is able to maintain its evaporator section under steady state operating conditions and the condensation segment temperature in transmission heat and is held essentially constant. It is primarily configured as the vacuum tube that a part is equipped with gas-liquid two-phase working medium, and the inner wall of pipe has by wire mesh or other porous Jie Texture at liquid-sucking core.When work, with the heating of external heat source, starting to be placed in the working medium heat absorption vaporization in pipe becomes steaming Vapour, heat is released because of gas-liquid density difference steam flow condensation segment, after being condensed by tube wall becomes liquid again, then is made by capillary With or gravity return bringing-up section.And high-temperature heat pipe due to its high-termal conductivity, high thermal efficiency and low weight the advantages of often by with In various high-temperature heat exchangers, for the integrated high temp heat pipe involved in this patent, it is widely used in space The cooling system of nuclear reactor.Its another advantage is, will not when a heat pipe damages using the cooling system of high-temperature heat pipe The operation of entire cooling system is influenced, next also can be reduced the quality of cooling system and required space.Although heat pipe has good Good heat transfer property but still be subject to certain restrictions, i.e., working medium cannot continuously flow and lead to a certain maximum heat transport in some cases, Such as the velocity of sound limit, the capillarity limit, the viscosity limit and the boiling limit, these will adequately be examined when designing heat pipe Consider.
The design method of country's high-temperature heat pipe is mostly used at present is advocated peace supplemented by experience with testing, the method that the two combines Make heat pipe.Parameter is tentatively drafted according to existing design first, more heat pipes is fabricated and is tested by the method for experiment by root The heat transfer property of heat pipe selects optimal scheme.This method take a substantial amount of time with material and yield rate it is lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the purpose of the invention is to the existing high-temperature heat pipe designs of simplification The step of, more accurately design parameter is obtained, while improving the working performance of high-temperature heat pipe.
The present invention fully considers the heat transfer pole of high-temperature heat pipe according to most basic heat pipe theory combination processing and manufacturing feature Limit, proposes a kind of design method for integrated high temp alkali metal heat pipe.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of design method for integrated high temp alkali metal heat pipe, includes the following steps:
Step 1: the working environment of clear designed heat pipe, including operating temperature, environment temperature, ambient humidity, single heat The structural strength of power and heat pipe needed for managing；
Step 2: according to heat pipe work temperature range determine suitable heat pipe working fluid: require heat pipe work when its Working fluid necessarily is in gas-liquid two-phase state, while should consider physical property, price, thermal stability and whether there is or not toxicity considerations；Its In each heat pipe working fluid transmission factor quality determined by following formula:
N is that heat pipe working fluid transmits factor；σ is the surface tension coefficient of heat pipe working fluid；ρ is heat pipe working fluid Density；hfgFor the latent heat of vaporization of heat pipe working fluid；M is the dynamic viscosity of heat pipe working fluid；
Step 3: being determined and managed according to the shell of heat pipe working fluid and heat pipe, the compatibility of liquid-sucking core material and intensity requirement Shell and liquid-sucking core material: after determining heat pipe working fluid, compatibility should be met first when selecting shell and liquid-sucking core material Requirement, i.e., Chemical Physics reaction does not occur or reacts and will not generate fixed gas the material that heat pipe working fluid is in contact with it Body or the gas of generation do not influence the operation of heat pipe；
Step 4: it calculates the intensity for selecting envelope material and determines pipe thickness: being determined by following formula:
In formula, S is to calculate pipe thickness, and p is design pressure, diFor heat pipe internal diameter, [σ]tFor the material under operational temperature conditions Expect allowable stress, φ is weld joint efficiency；
Step 5: just setting the length of heat pipe evaporator section and condensation segment: due to the heat transport limitation and evaporator section and condensation segment of heat pipe Length is related, is iterated the two parameters as input parameter；
Step 6: the lower limit of steam cavity diameter is determined according to the sonic limit that heat pipe is run, and is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, dvFor the lower limit of steam cavity diameter；QmaxFor the axial maximum heat flow density, that is, sonic limit of heat pipe；ρv, rv, Rv, TvThe respectively density of steam, the specific heat ratio of gas, the gas constant of steam, the temperature of steam；
Step 7: wick thickness and structure being designed according to capillary limitation: determining total static pressure of heat pipe working fluid first Head determines maximum capillary pressure, then determines silk screen number, finally determines wick thickness；The process is respectively by following public affairs Formula calculates:
Pg=ρ g (dvcosφ0+lsinφ0) (4)
ΔP>2Pg (5)
In formula, PgFor the total static head of heat pipe working fluid；L is heat pipe overall length；φ0For heat pipe inclination angle；Δ P is maximum Capillary pressure；N is meshcount；R1, R2, RCThe respectively effective capillary radius of pore internal-and external diameter and liquid-sucking core；δ is liquid-sucking core Thickness；AwLiquid-sucking core cross-sectional area；leffThe effective heat transfer length of heat pipe；The permeability of K liquid-sucking core；σ is the surface of liquid metal Power；λeffIt is the efficient thermal conductivity of capillary wick；λlIt is the thermal conductivity of liquid refrigerant；λsFor the thermal conductivity of liquid-sucking core silk screen；ε is Liquid-sucking core porosity；M is hydrodynamic viscosity coefficient；
Step 8: the Reynolds number for calculating heat pipe working fluid judges whether it is laminar flow, if not laminar flow then repeats step 7；
Step 9: calculate designed heat pipe entrainment limit and boiling limit requirements whether be more than heat pipe operating power and Axial maximum heat transport repeats step 5,6,7,8 if being not above；
Entrainment limit and the boiling limit are calculated by following formula respectively:
In formula, leFor heat pipe insulation section length；λeffIt is the efficient thermal conductivity of capillary wick；TvIt is the temperature of steam；σ is The surface tension of liquid metal；hfgIt is the latent heat of vaporization of heat pipe working fluid；ρvIt is the density of steam；ri/rvBe heat pipe internal diameter and Vapor chamber diameter ratio；rbIt is the nucleate points radius of steam bubble；ΔpcIt is maximum capillary pressure；ρvIt is the density of gaseous steam；rhs It is the hydraulic radius of capillary wick；AVIt is liquid flow section；
Step 10: obtaining optimal heat pipe design scheme.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is design method flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, one embodiment of the present of invention, the design scheme of integrated potassium heat pipe.
1. the working environment of heat pipe: operating temperature (700K-900K)；The structure of power 550W, heat pipe needed for single heat pipe Intensity 2.9MPa；
2. determining suitable working fluid according to the temperature range that heat pipe works.The satisfactory working medium in this section For potassium, sodium and Na-K alloy, this secondary design proposed adoption potassium is working medium.
3. inquiry working medium compatibility table can obtain shell and liquid-sucking core material selection nickel alloy meets compatibility requirements.
4. calculating the intensity for selecting envelope material and determining pipe thickness.Selecting wall thickness is the nickel alloy pipe of 1mm, according to formula (2) the maximum allowble pressure value for calculating material is 5.9MPa, meets the requirements and has biggish safety allowance.
5. the length for just setting heat pipe evaporator section and condensation segment is respectively 100mm and 600mm.
6. the minimum value for determining steam cavity diameter according to the sonic limit of heat pipe operation and formula (3) is 6mm, primary election 7.5mm.
7. the static pressure of the fluid column overcome needed for determining the i.e. liquid-sucking core of total static head of heat pipe liquid according to formula (4) first is 598N/m2, determine that maximum capillary pressure value is 1196N/m2, then determine that silk screen number is 100 mesh, last root according to formula (6) Determine that wick thickness is 1.2mm according to formula (7) and (8).
8. it is Laminar Flow that the Reynolds number for calculating working fluid, which is 81.34, meet hypothesis.
9. being 5.23kW according to the entrainment limit that formula (9) and (10) calculate designed heat pipe and the limit of boiling is 7.6kW remote Much larger than the operating power of heat pipe and axial maximum heat transport.The evaporator section and condensation segment length that just set are met the requirements.
10. completing the design of this integrated high temp heat pipe, a design scheme is exported.
Above-described, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the range being not intended to limit the invention, of the invention is upper Stating embodiment can also make a variety of changes.What i.e. all claims applied according to the present invention and description were done Simply, equivalent changes and modifications fall within the claims of the invention patent.The not detailed description of the present invention is Routine techniques content.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of design method for integrated high temp alkali metal heat pipe, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: the working environment of clear designed heat pipe, including operating temperature, environment temperature, ambient humidity, single heat pipe institute Need the structural strength of power and heat pipe；
Step 2: suitable heat pipe working fluid being determined according to the temperature range that heat pipe works: it is required that its work when heat pipe works Liquid necessarily is in gas-liquid two-phase state, while should consider physical property, price, thermal stability and whether there is or not toxicity considerations；It is wherein each A heat pipe working fluid transmission factor quality is determined by following formula:
N is that heat pipe working fluid transmits factor；σ is the surface tension coefficient of heat pipe working fluid；ρFor heat pipe working fluid density； hfgFor the latent heat of vaporization of heat pipe working fluid；μ is the dynamic viscosity of heat pipe working fluid；
Step 3: according to the shell of heat pipe working fluid and heat pipe, the compatibility of liquid-sucking core material and intensity requirement determine shell and Liquid-sucking core material: after determining heat pipe working fluid, wanting for compatibility should be met first when selecting shell and liquid-sucking core material Ask, i.e., the material that heat pipe working fluid is in contact with it does not occur Chemical Physics reaction or react will not generate on-condensible gas or The gas of generation does not influence the operation of heat pipe；
Step 4: it calculates the intensity for selecting envelope material and determines pipe thickness: being determined by following formula:
In formula, S is to calculate pipe thickness, and p is design pressure, diFor heat pipe internal diameter, [σ]tPermitted for the material under operational temperature conditions With stress, φ is weld joint efficiency；
Step 5: just setting the length of heat pipe evaporator section and condensation segment: due to the heat transport limitation and evaporator section and condensation segment length of heat pipe It is related, it is iterated the two parameters as input parameter；
Step 6: the lower limit of steam cavity diameter is determined according to the sonic limit that heat pipe is run, and is calculated by following formula:
Wherein, dvFor the lower limit of steam cavity diameter；QmaxFor the axial maximum heat flow density, that is, sonic limit of heat pipe；ρv, rv, Rv, TvPoint Not Wei steam density, the specific heat ratio of gas, the gas constant of steam, the temperature of steam；
Step 7: wick thickness and structure being designed according to capillary limitation: determining the total static head of heat pipe working fluid first, really Fixed maximum capillary pressure, then determines silk screen number, finally determines wick thickness；The process is respectively by following formula meter It calculates:
Pg=ρ g (dvcosφ0+lsinφ0) (4)
ΔP>2Pg (5)
In formula, PgFor the total static head of heat pipe working fluid；L is heat pipe overall length；φ0For heat pipe inclination angle；Δ P is maximum capillary Pressure；N is meshcount；R1, R2, RCThe respectively effective capillary radius of pore internal-and external diameter and liquid-sucking core；δ is wick thickness； AwLiquid-sucking core cross-sectional area；leffThe effective heat transfer length of heat pipe；The permeability of K liquid-sucking core；σ is the surface tension of liquid metal； λeffIt is the efficient thermal conductivity of capillary wick；λlIt is the thermal conductivity of liquid refrigerant；λsFor the thermal conductivity of liquid-sucking core silk screen；ε is to inhale Wick-containing porosity；M is hydrodynamic viscosity coefficient；
Step 8: the Reynolds number for calculating heat pipe working fluid judges whether it is laminar flow, if not laminar flow then repeats step 7；
Step 9: calculate designed heat pipe entrainment limit and boiling limit requirements whether be more than heat pipe operating power and axial direction Maximum heat transport repeats step 5,6,7,8 if being not above；
Entrainment limit and the boiling limit are calculated by following formula respectively:
In formula, leFor heat pipe insulation section length；λeffIt is the efficient thermal conductivity of capillary wick；TvIt is the temperature of steam；σ is liquid Metallic surface tension；hfgIt is the latent heat of vaporization of heat pipe working fluid；ρvIt is the density of steam；ri/rvIt is heat pipe internal diameter and steam Chamber diameter ratio；rbIt is the nucleate points radius of steam bubble；ΔpcIt is maximum capillary pressure；ρvIt is the density of gaseous steam；rhsIt is hair The hydraulic radius of thin liquid-sucking core；AVIt is liquid flow section；
Step 10: obtaining optimal heat pipe design scheme.
CN201910671454.4A 2019-07-24 2019-07-24 A kind of design method for integrated high temp alkali metal heat pipe Pending CN110345787A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111076592A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-28 中国核动力研究设计院 Treatment method of alkali metal heat pipe liquid absorption core
CN112528435A (en) * 2020-12-07 2021-03-19 西安交通大学 High-temperature heat pipe design optimization method
CN112597640A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-04-02 清华大学 Heat pipe simulation method and device and electronic equipment
CN113434988A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-09-24 西安交通大学 Heat transfer characteristic analysis method for heat pipe in nuclear power system
CN113503727A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-15 哈尔滨理工大学 Spray drying system based on electromagnetic heating and heat pipe waste heat recovery
CN113758967A (en) * 2021-09-18 2021-12-07 西安交通大学 Heat transfer limit measurement experimental device and method for stepped metal heat pipe liquid absorption core
CN114154438A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-03-08 西安交通大学 Three-stage calculation method for cold start of alkali metal heat pipe
CN116541640A (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-08-04 西安交通大学 Normalized steam heat transfer calculation method of alkali metal heat pipe

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CN103747653A (en) * 2013-12-19 2014-04-23 西安电子工程研究所 Heat-radiating structure of T/R component and design method for heat pipe in structure

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111076592A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-28 中国核动力研究设计院 Treatment method of alkali metal heat pipe liquid absorption core
CN112528435A (en) * 2020-12-07 2021-03-19 西安交通大学 High-temperature heat pipe design optimization method
CN112528435B (en) * 2020-12-07 2022-12-09 西安交通大学 High-temperature heat pipe design optimization method
CN112597640A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-04-02 清华大学 Heat pipe simulation method and device and electronic equipment
CN113434988A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-09-24 西安交通大学 Heat transfer characteristic analysis method for heat pipe in nuclear power system
CN113434988B (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-10-28 西安交通大学 Heat transfer characteristic analysis method for heat pipe in nuclear power system
CN113503727A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-15 哈尔滨理工大学 Spray drying system based on electromagnetic heating and heat pipe waste heat recovery
CN113758967A (en) * 2021-09-18 2021-12-07 西安交通大学 Heat transfer limit measurement experimental device and method for stepped metal heat pipe liquid absorption core
CN114154438A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-03-08 西安交通大学 Three-stage calculation method for cold start of alkali metal heat pipe
CN116541640A (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-08-04 西安交通大学 Normalized steam heat transfer calculation method of alkali metal heat pipe
CN116541640B (en) * 2023-05-29 2023-10-03 西安交通大学 Normalized steam heat transfer calculation method of alkali metal heat pipe

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