CN110343931B - Room-temperature magnetostrictive material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Room-temperature magnetostrictive material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a room temperature magnetostrictive material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the molecular formula is Mn1‑xNixThe value range of CoSi and x is more than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.03. The preparation process also comprises the following steps of according to the stoichiometric ratio of Mn: ni: co: si = (1-x): x: 1: 1, weighing each raw material, wherein the value range of x is equal to or more than 0.02 and equal to or less than 0.03, uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then sequentially cleaning, smelting, sealing a tube, annealing in a strong magnetic field, post-annealing and taking out a sample, wherein the raw materials are also cleaned by a hydrochloric acid solution, a pre-deoxidization step is carried out on an arc melting furnace by a simple substance Zr before smelting, and a double-layer quartz glass tube is also adopted for vacuum sealing after crushing an alloy ingot. The room temperature magnetostrictive material prepared by the invention is annealed in a high-temperature strong magnetic field to form a textured and compact alloy sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of functional materials, and particularly relates to a room-temperature magnetostrictive material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The magnetostrictive material can change dimension under the action of a magnetic field, and the phenomenon of repeated extension and compression occurs, so that vibration or sound wave occurs, and the mutual conversion of three energies of electromagnetic energy, mechanical energy and sound energy is caused, thereby being a magnetic multifunctional material with the mutual conversion of energy and information. Is decreasingThe method has great application value in the engineering fields of vibration and vibration prevention, ocean detection and development technology, military sonar, intelligent wings, automation technology, linear motors, micro-displacement drive, micro-vibrators, micro sensors and the like. Well-known magnetostrictive material-rare earth-transition group alloy Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2(Terfenol-D), under a 1T magnetic field, 1600ppm giant magnetostriction in the easy axis direction was obtained. However, the materials have the problems of high cost, high brittleness and the like, and are not beneficial to practical application. In addition, some Fe-based alloys also exhibit room temperature magnetostriction and have the advantages of good ductility and low saturation magnetic field. For example, Fe-Ga alloys, which are magnetized to saturation under a 0.4T magnetic field, but their limited magnetostriction values also prevent their practical application.
In recent years, researchers have found that some phase change alloys with a primary magnetic structure are accompanied by considerable abrupt changes of lattice constants in the process of phase change driven by a magnetic field. In 1998, Morellon et al found Gd5Si1.8Ge2.2The alloy underwent a magnetic structure phase change at 285K accompanied by a magnetic strain of 1000 ppm. In 2009 Liujian et al, Ningbo material, started at 310K from textured ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni45.2Mn36.7In13Co5.1Large magnetic strains of up to 2500ppm are obtained in polycrystals.
Besides the great magnetostriction effect brought by the primary magnetic structure phase transformation, a part of magnetoelastic phase transformation can also generate a considerable magnetostriction effect under the induction of a magnetic field. In 2001, Fujieda et al in La (Fe)0.88Si0.12)13H1.0In the alloy, it was found that at 288K, the magnetic field drives a first order magnetoelastic phase transition to produce an isotropic linear magnetostriction of up to 3000 ppm. In 2015 years, Gong Yuan is in Gd0.63Sm0.37Mn2Ge2A room temperature magnetostriction of 900ppm was obtained in the alloy.
The magnetic phase change alloys have the problems of high critical field, large thermal/magnetic hysteresis, irreversibility and the like, and the practical application is greatly hindered. Therefore, developing giant magnetostrictive materials with low critical field, less thermal/magnetic hysteresis, and room temperature reversibility remains a challenge.
The MnCoSi alloy is hexagonal MnM，X(M，Alloy family member of = Co, Ni, X = Si, Ge) at temperatures below the Neel temperature (T)N380K), the magnetic field can drive the metamagnetic phase change of the alloy from an antiferromagnet phase to a ferromagnetic phase, and the larger lattice distortion is accompanied. In the MnCoSi alloy system, Mn atoms are the main carriers of magnetic moments and determine the magnetism of the system. The distance between two nearest neighbor Mn-Mn atoms is d1And d2. When the temperature is lower than the neel temperature, the system is in an antiferromagnetic state, and as the temperature increases, d1And d2The more 1% and 2% changes occur in opposite directions, the intersection occurs in a temperature interval which happens to be a temperature zone of negative expansion of the a axis, so that the change of the local Mn atomic distance is considered as a precursor of metamagnetic phase change. The results of the calculation based on the density functional theory prove that the magnetic structure of the system is strongly dependent on d1The size of (2). The positive-divided MnCoSi alloy exhibits an antiferromagnetic structure. The critical field for driving metamagnetic phase transition at 300K is as high as 2.5T, which is very unfavorable for practical application. Therefore, the critical field must be reduced. Due to the interdependent and competitive relationship between antiferromagnetic order and ferromagnetic order of MnCoSi alloy, and d1Very close to the ferromagnetic region, any external energy may destroy the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic competition, resulting in antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition and lowering the critical field. Therefore, by adjusting d1The critical field can be effectively reduced.
The Zhang-Changhuang of Nanjing university replaces Si by Ni instead of Co and Ge, the Gong Yuan of Nanjing university adopts Si deficiency and B instead of Si, and Morrison et al adopts Fe instead of Mn and other methods to effectively reduce the critical field.
In 2013, Barcza et al reported that polycrystalline MnCoSi powder exhibits lattice distortion of a-axis contraction and b-and c-axis elongation under the change of 0-6T magnetic field. And at 300K, macroscopically exhibits a 0.2% volume shrinkage, indicating that this class of materials is a potentially magnetostrictive material. However, for a non-oriented polycrystalline bulk material, the change in linearity is about 1/3 in volume change, and only about 667ppm magnetostriction value can be generated in the metamagnetic process, which is much smaller than the magnetostriction value of the rare earth giant magnetostrictive material. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the magnetostrictive effect of the material.
During the growth process of the polycrystal, due to the influence of various external factors (force, heat, electricity, magnetism, etc.) during the formation process of the polycrystal or the influence of a processing process at the later stage, a peculiar phenomenon occurs, namely, each crystal grain is gathered and arranged along certain directions, so that the orientation of the directions is better, and the phenomenon is called as preferred orientation and is also called as texture. Its presence causes material anisotropy, which can significantly increase the magnetostrictive effect of the magnetic alloy.
For the positive MnCoSi alloy, during the furnace cooling process after the electric arc melting, a hexagonal Ni occurs at 1190K2Structural transformation of In-type austenite to orthorhombic TiNiSi-type martensite with a large stress output leads to sample fracture, so In order to be able to obtain textured and dense samples, attempts have been made to prepare the samples by magnetic annealing or directional solidification, but none have been successful. This is determined by the nature of MnCoSi. First, the material has a low magnetic ordering temperature (about 380K) and magnetic annealing cannot be applied. Then, the volume of the corundum tube is rapidly expanded due to the severe martensite transformation, so that the corundum tube is broken, and the directional solidification cannot be performed.
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, a strong magnetic field is an extreme field, and attracts the attention of broad scholars. The strong magnetic field can reach more than 10T, and high-strength energy can be transferred to the atom size without contact, so that the actions of atomic sequence, matching, migration and the like of substances are changed, and the organization and the performance of the material are greatly influenced. For material preparation, the strong magnetic field mainly has two main functions: 1. orientation; 2. controlling the fluid flow. The strong magnetic field can realize the control of the material organization by controlling the crystal growth, the orientation and other modes, and obtain a new functional material with both physical performance and mechanical performance. At present, for the MnCoSi system, a texture compact sample can be obtained only by solidification with a strong magnetic field and slow cooling. This is because, firstly, when the alloy is in a semi-molten state, this hasTo assist in grain orientation. Therefore, a very high heat treatment temperature is necessarily required. Second, high magnetic fields can induce particle alignment if the paramagnetic anisotropy energy is greater than the thermal kinetic energy. Finally, the strain from the structural phase change can be slowly released by a sufficiently slow cooling rate without causing the sample to crack. Gong element reports that the textured and compact MnCoSi is obtained by a method of solidification and slow cooling through a strong magnetic field1-x(x =0,0.01, 0.02) alloy, a large reversible magnetostrictive effect is obtained at room temperature. The critical field also decreases from 2.5T to 1.3T. Although the critical field has been reduced a lot, it is larger than the magnetic field of a general permanent magnet. Therefore, the critical field needs to be further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a room temperature magnetostrictive material and a preparation method thereof, a small amount of Ni replaces Mn, so that the Mn-Mn distance is adjusted to reduce the critical field, meanwhile, annealing is carried out in a high-temperature strong magnetic field, alloy particles in a semi-molten state are changed into a semi-molten state at high temperature, the magnetic field is enhanced to orient the alloy particles in the semi-molten state along the direction of the magnetic field, and a textured and compact alloy sample is formed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a room temperature magnetostrictive material, characterized in that: the molecular formula of which is Mn1-xNixCoSi, wherein the value range of x in the molecular formula is more than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.03.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the room-temperature magnetostrictive material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
weighing Mn, Ni, Co and Si according to a stoichiometric ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, pouring the mixture into a beaker, adding a hydrochloric acid cleaning solution for cleaning oxides on the surface of the raw materials into the beaker, stirring, separating the raw materials from the hydrochloric acid cleaning solution after cleaning, and adding distilled water into the separated raw materials for cleaning;
step two, putting the elementary Zr and the cleaned raw material obtained in the step one into a copper crucible of an electric arc melting furnace, closing an electric arc melting furnace chamber, aligning a tungsten electrode with the elementary Zr to deoxidize the electric arc melting furnace, aligning the tungsten electrode with the cleaned raw material after deoxidization, starting the vacuum electric arc melting furnace to start arc, adding current to 250A after the arc is started, simultaneously starting a magnetic stirrer, repeatedly melting the raw material in the electric arc melting furnace for 3-4 times, firstly reducing the current after the melting is finished, then closing a power supply, and starting the furnace chamber after the cooling to obtain an alloy ingot;
step three, crushing the smelted alloy ingot obtained in the step two, and then putting the crushed alloy ingot into a quartz glass tube for vacuumizing and sealing;
step four, putting the quartz glass tube sealed and stored in the step three into a high-temperature furnace, heating the quartz glass tube to 1500K from room temperature, then applying a 6T strong magnetic field, preserving the heat for 30min, then reducing the temperature to 1123K at the rate of 1.5K/min, removing the magnetic field, naturally cooling the quartz glass tube to room temperature, and taking out the high-intensity magnetic field solidified alloy sample from the furnace after cooling;
and fifthly, annealing the alloy sample solidified by the strong magnetic field obtained in the fourth step in a low-temperature furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 1123K, the heat preservation time is 60h, and slowly cooling to the room temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the alloy sample with the texture and the compactness.
Further, in the first step, the stoichiometric ratio of Mn, Ni, Co and Si is Mn: ni: co: si = (1-x): x: 1: 1.
furthermore, the value range of x is more than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.03.
Further, x = 0.03.
Further, in the first step, in the hydrochloric acid cleaning solution, water: concentrated hydrochloric acid =3: 1.
Further, in the second step, the electric arc furnace is cooled by a circulating water cooling system, before smelting, the vacuum is firstly pumped by a mechanical pump to be below 9Pa, and then the vacuum is continuously pumped by a molecular pump to be 5 multiplied by 10-5And Pa, closing the molecular pump, filling argon to 0.6 atmospheric pressure, starting the vacuum arc melting furnace, aligning the tungsten electrode to the simple substance Zr, starting arc by pressing a start key, adding current to 250A after arc starting, simultaneously starting the magnetic stirrer, melting Zr for 1-3 min, absorbing residual oxygen in the furnace chamber, and aligning the tungsten electrode to the raw material.
Further, in the third step, the vacuum sealing after the alloy ingot casting is crushed also adopts a double-layer quartz glass tube: and crushing the alloy cast ingot, putting the crushed alloy cast ingot into a first quartz glass tube, vacuumizing and sealing by using a mechanical pump, putting the sealed first quartz glass tube into a second quartz glass tube on the outer layer, and vacuumizing and sealing again.
Further, in the first step, the purity of the raw material Ni is 99.99% of analytical purity, the purity of the raw material Co is 99.99% of analytical purity, the purity of the raw material Si is 99.99% of analytical purity, and the purity of the raw material Mn is 99% of chemical purity.
Further, the high-temperature furnace is heated from room temperature, rapidly heated to 1500K at the speed of 10K/min, kept for 30min, applied with a 6T strong magnetic field, cooled to 1123K at the speed of 1.5K/min after heat preservation is finished, removed of the magnetic field and naturally cooled to room temperature; the temperature rise process of the low-temperature furnace starts from room temperature, rises from the room temperature to 1123K at 5K/min, keeps the temperature for 60h, and then reduces to the room temperature after 72 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a room temperature magnetostrictive material and MnCoSi-based alloy Mn prepared by the preparation method thereof1- xNixCoSi adopts cheap 3d transition group elements and main group elements as raw materials, and compared with a rare earth magnetostrictive material, the cost is greatly reduced;
2. MnCoSi-based alloy Mn prepared by adopting preparation process of the invention1-xNixCoSi, which is changed from non-oriented and easy-to-break into textured and compact;
3. the MnCoSi base alloy Mn prepared by the invention1-xNixCoSi, room temperature saturation magnetostriction can reach 1800ppm, the critical field can be reduced to 0.4T, compared with positive MnCoSi alloy, the magnetostriction value is improved by 400ppm, the critical field is reduced by 2.1T, and the application process of MnCoSi material on magnetostriction is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a room temperature magnetostrictive material Mn1-xNixXRD patterns of the CoSi alloy at different addition ratios;
FIG. 2 shows a room temperature magnetostrictive material Mn1-xNixThe critical field of the CoSi alloy varying with the temperature at different addition ratiosA curve;
FIG. 3 shows a room temperature magnetostrictive material Mn in example 10.98Ni0.02Magnetostriction curves of the CoSi alloy under different addition ratios;
FIG. 4 shows a room temperature magnetostrictive material Mn in example 20.97Ni0.03Magnetostriction curves of the CoSi alloys at different addition ratios.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will be able to better understand the technical solutions provided by the present invention, the following description is provided in connection with specific embodiments.
A room temperature magnetostrictive material, characterized in that: represented by the formula Mn1-xNixThe material composition of CoSi, wherein the value range of x is as follows: x is more than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.03.
Example 1
A preparation method of a room temperature magnetostrictive material comprises the following steps:
step one, according to the stoichiometric ratio Mn: ni: co: si = 0.98: 0.02: 1: 1, weighing the raw materials, uniformly mixing, pouring the prepared raw materials into a beaker, and adding a proper amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid. And (3): adding clear water and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a proportion of 1, mixing, stirring for about 15 minutes, cleaning oxides on the surface of the raw material, pouring out the cleaning liquid, adding distilled water to clean the raw material again, and pouring out the distilled water.
And step two, pouring the raw materials into a copper crucible of the electric arc melting furnace. And (4) putting the simple substance Zr into the copper crucible, numbering in sequence, and closing the furnace chamber. The electric arc furnace is cooled by a circulating water cooling system. Before smelting, firstly, a mechanical pump is used for pumping vacuum to be less than 9Pa, and then, a molecular pump is used for continuously pumping vacuum to 5 multiplied by 10-5Pa, the molecular pump is closed, and argon is filled to 0.6 atmosphere. Starting the vacuum arc melting furnace, aligning the tungsten electrode to Zr, starting arc by pressing a start key, adding current to 250A after arc starting, starting the magnetic stirrer at the same time, and melting Zr for about 1-3 minutes to absorb residual oxygen in the furnace chamber. After Zr is melted, a tungsten electrode is aligned to the raw material, an arc is started by pressing a start key, current is added to 250A after the arc is started, and simultaneously, a magnetic stirrer is started, and the current and the arc starting time length are adjusted at any time according to the volatilization condition of the raw material. To ensure the fusion of the moltenThe gold is more uniform and needs to be smelted repeatedly for 3-4 times. After the smelting is finished, the current is firstly reduced, and then the power supply is turned off. And after waiting for 15min, opening the furnace chamber, and taking out the alloy ingot sample.
And step three, breaking the smelted cast ingot, putting the broken cast ingot into a first quartz glass tube with the outer diameter of 15mm, the inner diameter of 12mm and the wall thickness of 1.5mm, and vacuumizing and sealing by using a mechanical pump. The sealed quartz tube was placed in a second quartz glass tube having an outer diameter of 23mm, an inner diameter of 20mm and a wall thickness of 1.5mm, and was again sealed by vacuum pumping.
And step four, putting the sealed double-layer quartz glass tube into a high-temperature furnace, heating the double-layer quartz glass tube to 1500K from room temperature, wherein the melting point of the alloy is about 1473K, then applying a 6T strong magnetic field, and preserving the heat for 30 min. And reducing the temperature to 1123K at the speed of 1.5K/min, removing the magnetic field, and naturally cooling to room temperature. The alloy samples with texture were taken out of the furnace.
And step five, in order to eliminate residual stress, the alloy sample solidified by the strong magnetic field is also required to be placed in a low-temperature furnace to be annealed for 60 hours at 1123K, and then is slowly cooled to the room temperature for 72 hours. And taking out an alloy sample. Namely Mn is obtained0.98Ni0.02CoSi textured and dense alloy samples.
Example 2
Step one, according to the stoichiometric ratio Mn: ni: co: si = 0.97: 0.03: 1: 1, weighing the raw materials, uniformly mixing, pouring the prepared raw materials into a beaker, and adding a proper amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid. And (3): adding clear water and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a proportion of 1, mixing, stirring for about 15 minutes, cleaning oxides on the surface of the raw material, pouring out the cleaning liquid, adding distilled water to clean the raw material again, and pouring out the distilled water.
And step two, pouring the raw materials into a copper crucible of the electric arc melting furnace. And (4) putting the simple substance Zr into the copper crucible, numbering in sequence, and closing the furnace chamber. The electric arc furnace is cooled by a circulating water cooling system. Before smelting, firstly, a mechanical pump is used for pumping vacuum to be less than 9Pa, and then, a molecular pump is used for continuously pumping vacuum to 5 multiplied by 10-5Pa, the molecular pump is closed, and argon is filled to 0.6 atmosphere. Starting the vacuum arc melting furnace, aligning the tungsten electrode to Zr, starting arc by pressing a start key, adding current to 250A after arc starting, starting the magnetic stirrer at the same time, and melting Zr for about 1-3 minutes to absorb residual oxygen in the furnace chamber. Fusion furnaceAfter Zr is passed, the tungsten electrode is aligned to the raw material, the starting key is pressed to start the arc, the current is added to 250A after the arc is started, and simultaneously, the magnetic stirrer is started, and the current and the arc starting time length are adjusted at any time according to the volatilization condition of the raw material. In order to ensure that the melted alloy is more uniform, the melting needs to be repeated for 3 to 4 times. After the smelting is finished, the current is firstly reduced, and then the power supply is turned off. And after waiting for 15min, opening the furnace chamber, and taking out the alloy ingot sample.
And step three, breaking the smelted cast ingot, putting the broken cast ingot into a first quartz glass tube with the outer diameter of 15mm, the inner diameter of 12mm and the wall thickness of 1.5mm, and vacuumizing and sealing by using a mechanical pump. The sealed second quartz glass tube was placed in a quartz glass tube having an outer diameter of 23mm, an inner diameter of 20mm and a wall thickness of 1.5mm, and was again vacuum-sealed.
And step four, putting the sealed double-layer quartz glass tube into a high-temperature furnace, heating the double-layer quartz glass tube to 1500K from room temperature, wherein the melting point of the alloy is about 1473K, then applying a 6T strong magnetic field, and preserving the heat for 30 min. And reducing the temperature to 1123K at the speed of 1.5K/min, removing the magnetic field, and naturally cooling to room temperature. The alloy samples with texture were taken out of the furnace.
And step five, in order to eliminate residual stress, the alloy sample solidified by the strong magnetic field is also required to be placed in a low-temperature furnace to be annealed for 60 hours at 1123K, and then is slowly cooled to the room temperature for 72 hours. And taking out an alloy sample. Namely Mn is obtained0.97Ni0.03CoSi textured and dense alloy samples.
After the alloy sample is obtained, the microstructure of XRD and the like is measured. Mn obtained in example 1 and example 21- xNixThe XRD pattern of CoSi is shown in figure 1. Before XRD measurement, the sample is cut into a wafer with the thickness of about 3mm perpendicular to the texture direction, and polished to be flat. Before critical field measurements were taken, 5mg of the sample was removed and placed in the integrated physical system for measurement. Before carrying out magnetostriction measurement, a sample is cut into slices with the thickness of about 3mm along the texture direction, polished to be bright and flat, and then the sample is placed into a comprehensive physical property measurement system for measurement. Mn obtained in examples 1 to 21-xNixThe critical field versus temperature curve of the CoSi alloy is shown in FIG. 2, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show the difference between the room temperature magnetostriction material alloys in examples 1 and 2Magnetostriction curves at the addition ratio.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A room temperature magnetostrictive material preparation method, room temperature saturation magnetostriction reaches 1800ppm, the critical field is reduced to 0.4T at the lowest, characterized by that: the molecular formula of which is Mn1-xNixCoSi, wherein the value range of x in the molecular formula is more than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.03;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
weighing Mn, Ni, Co and Si according to a stoichiometric ratio, uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, soaking and stirring the raw materials by using hydrochloric acid cleaning liquid for cleaning oxides on the surfaces of the raw materials, separating the raw materials from the hydrochloric acid cleaning liquid after cleaning is finished, and adding distilled water into the separated raw materials for cleaning;
step two, putting the elementary Zr and the cleaned raw material obtained in the step one into a copper crucible of an electric arc melting furnace, closing an electric arc melting furnace chamber, aligning a tungsten electrode with the elementary Zr to deoxidize the electric arc melting furnace, aligning the tungsten electrode with the cleaned raw material after deoxidization, starting the electric arc melting furnace to start arc, adding current to 250A after arc starting, simultaneously starting a magnetic stirrer, repeatedly melting the raw material in the electric arc melting furnace for 3-4 times, after the melting is finished, firstly reducing the current, then closing a power supply, and after cooling, starting the furnace chamber to obtain an alloy ingot;
step three, crushing the smelted alloy ingot obtained in the step two, and then putting the crushed alloy ingot into a quartz glass tube for vacuumizing and sealing;
step four, putting the quartz glass tube sealed and stored in the step three into a high-temperature furnace, heating the quartz glass tube to 1500K from room temperature, then applying a 6T strong magnetic field, preserving the heat for 30min, then reducing the temperature to 1123K at the rate of 1.5K/min, removing the magnetic field, naturally cooling the quartz glass tube to room temperature, and taking out the high-intensity magnetic field solidified alloy sample from the furnace after cooling;
annealing the alloy sample solidified by the strong magnetic field obtained in the step four in a low-temperature furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 1123K, the heat preservation time is 60h, and slowly cooling to the room temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the alloy sample with the texture and the compactness.
2. The method for preparing a room temperature magnetostrictive material according to claim 1, characterized in that: x = 0.03.
3. The method for preparing a room temperature magnetostrictive material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, in the hydrochloric acid cleaning solution, water: concentrated hydrochloric acid =3: 1.
4. The method for preparing a room temperature magnetostrictive material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the electric arc melting furnace is cooled by a circulating water cooling system, before melting, the vacuum is firstly pumped by a mechanical pump to be below 9Pa, and then the vacuum is continuously pumped by a molecular pump to 5 multiplied by 10-5And Pa, closing the molecular pump, filling argon to 0.6 atmospheric pressure, starting the vacuum arc melting furnace, aligning the tungsten electrode to the simple substance Zr, starting arc by pressing a start key, adding current to 250A after arc starting, simultaneously starting the magnetic stirrer, melting Zr for 1-3 min, absorbing residual oxygen in the furnace chamber, and aligning the tungsten electrode to the raw material.
5. The method for preparing a room temperature magnetostrictive material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the vacuum sealing after the alloy ingot casting is crushed adopts a double-layer quartz glass tube: and crushing the alloy cast ingot, putting the crushed alloy cast ingot into a first quartz glass tube, vacuumizing and sealing by using a mechanical pump, putting the sealed first quartz glass tube into a second quartz glass tube on the outer layer, and vacuumizing and sealing again.
6. The method for preparing a room temperature magnetostrictive material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the purity of the raw material Ni is 99.99% of analytical purity, the purity of the raw material Co is 99.99% of analytical purity, the purity of the raw material Si is 99.99% of analytical purity, and the purity of the raw material Mn is 99% of chemical purity.
7. The method for preparing a room temperature magnetostrictive material according to claim 1, characterized in that: heating the high-temperature furnace from room temperature to 1500K at the speed of 10K/min, preserving heat for 30min, then applying a 6T strong magnetic field, reducing the temperature to 1123K at the speed of 1.5K/min after heat preservation, removing the magnetic field, and naturally cooling to room temperature; the temperature rise process of the low-temperature furnace starts from room temperature, rises from the room temperature to 1123K at 5K/min, keeps the temperature for 60h, and then reduces to the room temperature after 72 h.
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