CN110343795A - A kind of active quantization signifying method of blast furnace crucibe - Google Patents
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及高炉炼铁技术领域，具体涉及一种高炉炉缸活性的量化表征方法。The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, in particular to a quantitative characterization method for blast furnace hearth activity.
背景技术Background technique
现代高炉的长期稳定运行是钢铁企业获得最大效益的关键因素，而炉缸活性犹如高炉“心脏”维护着高炉生产的健康发展。近些年来，由于原料质量劣化、渣量增大、停开炉频繁、操作理念不健全等原因，导致高炉炉缸活性失常事故频发，给生产过程带来了重大安全隐患以及经济损失。因此，炉缸活性的量化表征是目前高炉炼铁亟待解决的关键问题。The long-term stable operation of modern blast furnaces is the key factor for iron and steel enterprises to obtain maximum benefits, and the hearth activity is like the "heart" of blast furnaces to maintain the healthy development of blast furnace production. In recent years, due to the deterioration of raw material quality, the increase of slag content, the frequent shutdown of the furnace, and the unsound operation concept, etc., accidents of abnormal activity of the blast furnace hearth have occurred frequently, which has brought major safety hazards and economic losses to the production process. Therefore, the quantitative characterization of hearth activity is a key problem to be solved in blast furnace ironmaking.
在现有技术中，北京科技大学提出炉缸活跃性指数实践证明，该方法在高炉炉况正常时，可以很好的描述炉缸活性。但是，在炉缸活跃性发生失常时，该方法的计算结果与实际情况是不符的，存在失真现象，不能再被采用。因此，针对现有方法存在的问题，迫切需要开发一种新的高炉炉缸活性量化表征方法。In the prior art, Beijing University of Science and Technology proposed the hearth activity index Practice has proved that this method can well describe the hearth activity when the blast furnace is in normal condition. However, when the activity of the hearth is abnormal, the calculation results of this method are inconsistent with the actual situation, and there are distortions, so it can no longer be used. Therefore, in view of the problems existing in the existing methods, it is urgent to develop a new quantitative characterization method for blast furnace hearth activity.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是为了弥补已有技术缺陷，提供一种高炉炉缸活性量化表征方法，实现对高炉炉缸活性的分情况量化表征。The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the defects of the existing technology, provide a quantitative characterization method for the blast furnace hearth activity, and realize the quantitative characterization of the blast furnace hearth activity according to the situation.
为实现上述目的，本发明通过以下方案予以实现：To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following schemes:
本发明提供了一种高炉炉缸活性量化表征方法，基于渣铁流动阻力系数fL，将渣铁流入和流出炉缸过程所受到的阻力，分别定义为渣铁流入炉缸的阻力系数fL-in和渣铁流入炉缸的阻力系数fL-out，并对三种情况所对应的炉缸活性状态进行分析与融合，构建新的炉缸活跃性指数实现对炉缸活性的量化表征。The invention provides a quantitative characterization method for blast furnace hearth activity. Based on the flow resistance coefficient f L of slag and iron, the resistance suffered by the flow of slag and iron into and out of the hearth is respectively defined as the resistance coefficient f L of slag and iron flowing into the hearth -in and the resistance coefficient f L-out of slag and iron flowing into the hearth, and analyze and integrate the activity states of the hearth corresponding to the three situations to construct a new hearth activity index Realize the quantitative characterization of hearth activity.
优选地，渣铁流动阻力系数 Preferably, the flow resistance coefficient of iron slag
式中：ε为炉缸焦炭料柱的空隙度，为炉缸内焦炭的形状系数，dp为炉缸内焦炭的直径，上部取0.02m，下部取0.018m；μ为炉缸内液体的粘度，ρ为炉缸内液体密度，v0为液体穿过炉缸截面平均流速，g为重力加速度，D为炉缸直径，H为开始出渣出铁时渣铁层厚度。In the formula: ε is the porosity of the hearth coke material column, is the shape factor of the coke in the hearth, d p is the diameter of the coke in the hearth, the upper part is 0.02m, and the lower part is 0.018m; μ is the viscosity of the liquid in the hearth, ρ is the density of the liquid in the hearth, v 0 is the liquid The average flow velocity through the hearth section, g is the acceleration of gravity, D is the diameter of the hearth, and H is the thickness of the slag iron layer when the slag and iron start to be discharged.
优选地，渣铁流入炉缸的阻力系数为fL-in，渣铁流入炉缸的阻力系数为fL-out。Preferably, the resistance coefficient of iron slag flowing into the hearth is f L-in , and the resistance coefficient of iron slag flowing into the hearth is f L-out .
优选地，三种情况为：fL-in＝fL-out、fL-in<fL-out和fL-in>fL-out。Preferably, the three situations are: f L-in =f L-out , f L-in <f L-out and f L-in >f L-out .
优选地，时，炉缸炉况正常；时，炉缸炉况异常。Preferably, , the condition of the hearth is normal; , the condition of the furnace hearth is abnormal.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
与现有技术相比，本发明方法将炉况正常和异常的情况进行了细化分析，可以计算出不同炉况下的炉缸活跃性指数。当炉况正常时，即当时，炉缸活跃性指数将随着fL-in和fL-out的增大而降低，也随着fL-in与fL-out差的绝对值的增大而降低；当炉况异常时，即当时，炉缸活跃性指数也会随着fL-in和fL-out的增大而降低，随着fL-in与fL-out差的绝对值的增大降低，而且下降的更快。本发明克服了传统炉缸活跃性计算计算结果失真的情况，能够实现快速、准确的计算炉缸活跃性指数，为量化评价炉缸活性状态提供更为科学的判断依据。Compared with the prior art, the method of the invention conducts detailed analysis of the normal and abnormal conditions of the furnace, and can calculate the hearth activity index under different furnace conditions. When the furnace condition is normal, that is, when When the hearth activity index decreases with the increase of f L-in and f L-out , it also decreases with the increase of the absolute value of the difference between f L-in and f L-out ; when the furnace condition abnormal, that is, when When , the hearth activity index will also decrease with the increase of f L- in and f L -out, and decrease with the increase of the absolute value of the difference between f L-in and f L-out , and the decrease is more quick. The invention overcomes the distortion of the calculation result of the traditional hearth activity calculation, can realize fast and accurate calculation of the hearth activity index, and provides more scientific judgment basis for quantitatively evaluating the activity state of the hearth.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例中4747m3高炉整个炉况波动及恢复过程的炉缸活跃性指数计算结果。Fig. 1 is the hearth activity index calculation result of the whole furnace condition fluctuation and recovery process of the 4747m3 blast furnace in the embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
一种高炉炉缸活性量化表征方法，基于渣铁流动阻力系数fL，将渣铁流入和流出炉缸过程所受到的阻力，分别定义为渣铁流入炉缸的阻力系数fL-in和渣铁流入炉缸的阻力系数fL-out，并对三种情况所对应的炉缸活性状态进行分析与融合，构建新的炉缸活跃性指数实现对炉缸活性的量化表征。A quantitative characterization method for blast furnace hearth activity. Based on the flow resistance coefficient f L of slag and iron, the resistance encountered by slag and iron in the process of flowing into and out of the hearth is defined as the resistance coefficient f L-in and slag iron flowing into the hearth, respectively. The resistance coefficient f L-out of iron flowing into the hearth, and the activity state of the hearth corresponding to the three situations are analyzed and integrated to construct a new hearth activity index Realize the quantitative characterization of hearth activity.
渣铁流动阻力系数 Slag iron flow resistance coefficient
式中：ε为炉缸焦炭料柱的空隙度，为炉缸内焦炭的形状系数，dp为炉缸内焦炭的直径，上部取0.02m，下部取0.018m；μ为炉缸内液体的粘度，ρ为炉缸内液体密度，v0为液体穿过炉缸截面平均流速，g为重力加速度，D为炉缸直径，H为开始出渣出铁时渣铁层厚度。In the formula: ε is the porosity of the hearth coke material column, is the shape factor of the coke in the hearth, d p is the diameter of the coke in the hearth, the upper part is 0.02m, and the lower part is 0.018m; μ is the viscosity of the liquid in the hearth, ρ is the density of the liquid in the hearth, v 0 is the liquid The average flow velocity through the hearth section, g is the acceleration of gravity, D is the diameter of the hearth, and H is the thickness of the slag iron layer when the slag and iron start to be discharged.
渣铁流入炉缸的阻力系数为fL-in，渣铁流入炉缸的阻力系数为fL-out。The resistance coefficient of iron slag flowing into the hearth is f L-in , and the resistance coefficient of iron slag flowing into the hearth is f L-out .
三种情况为：当fL-in＝fL-out时，这是较理想的状态，在高炉连续出铁的条件下，炉缸下部顺利流出渣铁的同时，腾出空间接纳上部软熔带生成的渣铁，且炉缸下部液面基本保持恒定；当fL-in<fL-out时，这是不理想的状态，正常作业的高炉不会出现这种状态，这意味着渣铁会滞留在炉缸内，将破坏高炉的正常生产，一般在炉外事故或者炉缸严重堆积、炉缸冻结的情况下出现；当fL-in>fL-out时，这是通常高炉的状态，炉缸下部在“等待”上部渣铁的进入。在此情况下，两者之差的绝对值越小，表明炉缸活跃程度越高。The three situations are: when f L-in = f L-out , this is an ideal state. Under the condition of continuous iron tapping in the blast furnace, the lower part of the hearth flows out the slag and iron smoothly, and at the same time, there is room for the upper part to receive reflow With the generated slag and iron, and the liquid level in the lower part of the hearth remains basically constant; when f L-in <f L-out , this is an unideal state, which will not occur in a blast furnace in normal operation, which means that the slag Iron will stay in the hearth, which will destroy the normal production of the blast furnace. It usually occurs when there is an accident outside the furnace or the hearth is seriously piled up, and the hearth is frozen; when f L-in >f L-out , it is usually blast furnace state, the lower part of the hearth is "waiting" for the entry of slag and iron from the upper part. In this case, the smaller the absolute value of the difference, the more active the hearth.
时，炉缸炉况正常；时，炉缸炉况异常。 , the condition of the hearth is normal; , the condition of the furnace hearth is abnormal.
将本发明方法安装在国内某4747m3高炉二级计算机系统上，进行离线地数据采集和计算，根据需要对炉缸活性进行量化表征。The method of the present invention is installed on a secondary computer system of a domestic 4747m 3 blast furnace for off-line data collection and calculation, and quantitative characterization of hearth activity as required.
4747m3高炉于某年11月11日至11月13日进行72小时年修，休风前炉况整体稳定顺行，但由于受到风口及冷却壁破损漏水因素的影响，炉缸热状态稳定性差，炉温波动，压差偶有冒尖。炉缸活跃性指数在1.8～1.9之间波动，炉缸活性状态整体处于正常水平，但数据整体呈现下降的趋势，表明休风前炉缸活性状态就已经开始下滑，表1是4747m3高炉11月上旬主要技术经济指标均值。The 4747m 3 blast furnace was repaired for 72 hours from November 11th to November 13th of a certain year. Before the wind shutdown, the overall condition of the furnace was stable and smooth. However, due to the influence of the tuyere and stave damage and water leakage, the thermal stability of the furnace hearth was poor. , the furnace temperature fluctuates, and the pressure difference occasionally rises. The activity index of the hearth fluctuates between 1.8 and 1.9, and the overall activity state of the hearth is at a normal level, but the overall data shows a downward trend, indicating that the activity state of the hearth has begun to decline before the wind break. Table 1 shows the 4747m 3 blast furnace 11 The average value of the main technical and economic indicators in the first ten days of the month.
表1 4747m3高炉11月上旬技术经济指标均值Table 1 Mean value of technical and economic indicators of 4747m 3 blast furnace in the first ten days of November
11月14日高炉复风后，炉况开始恶化，风量比正常时萎缩150～200m3·min-1，压差频繁冒尖，宽尺滑尺现象增加，开始出现明显的管道行程，出铁炉温先热后凉，波动剧烈，炉缸热状态失去稳定性。炉缸活跃性指数下降到1.6～1.7的水平，最低值为11月25日的1.58，炉缸活性失常，表2是4747m3高炉11月中下旬主要技术经济指标均值。After the re-airing of the blast furnace on November 14, the furnace condition began to deteriorate, the air volume shrank by 150-200m 3 ·min -1 compared to normal, the pressure difference frequently peaked, the phenomenon of wide-foot slide increased, and obvious pipeline travel began to appear. The temperature is hot first and then cool, fluctuating violently, and the thermal state of the hearth loses stability. The hearth activity index dropped to a level of 1.6-1.7, and the lowest value was 1.58 on November 25, indicating that the hearth activity was abnormal. Table 2 shows the average value of the main technical and economic indicators of the 4747m 3 blast furnace in the middle and late November.
表2 4747m3高炉11月中下旬技术经济指标均值Table 2 Mean values of technical and economic indicators of 4747m 3 blast furnace in the middle and late November
12月初，通过采取改善原燃料质量，减小焦炭负荷，增加中心焦量等措施，炉缸活性得到了明显的改善。炉缸活跃性指数提高至1.7～1.8的水平，高炉炉况趋于正常，各项经济指标得到改善。表3是4747m3高炉12月上中旬的技术经济指标均值。At the beginning of December, the hearth activity has been significantly improved by taking measures such as improving the quality of raw materials, reducing coke load, and increasing the amount of central coke. The hearth activity index increased to 1.7-1.8, the blast furnace condition tended to be normal, and various economic indicators were improved. Table 3 shows the average technical and economic indicators of the 4747m 3 blast furnace in early and mid-December.
表3 4747m3高炉12月上中旬技术经济指标均值Table 3 The average value of technical and economic indicators of 4747m 3 blast furnace in the first and mid-December
整个炉况波动及恢复过程的炉缸活跃性指数计算结果如图1所示。实践证明，本发明提出的炉缸活性量化表征方法可以真实的反应炉缸活性状态，有效地帮助高炉操作者及时把握炉缸活性，当炉缸活性下降或失常时，可以在第一时间发现并尽早进行操作干预，及时避免因炉缸活性恶化所造成的损失，在保持高炉长期稳定顺行等方面发挥积极作用。The calculation results of hearth activity index in the whole furnace condition fluctuation and recovery process are shown in Fig. 1. Practice has proved that the quantitative characterization method of hearth activity proposed by the present invention can truly reflect the state of hearth activity, effectively helping blast furnace operators to grasp the hearth activity in time, and when the activity of the hearth decreases or becomes abnormal, it can be found and repaired at the first time. Operational intervention should be carried out as soon as possible to avoid losses caused by the deterioration of hearth activity in time, and play an active role in maintaining the long-term stable operation of the blast furnace.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, descriptions with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example" and the like mean that specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment or example. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节，也不限制该发明的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are only to help illustrate the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive in all detail, nor are they intended to limit specific implementations of the invention. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made based on the contents of this specification. This description selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. The invention is to be limited only by the claims, along with their full scope and equivalents.
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