CN110336243A - Long-distance superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring protection device - Google Patents
Long-distance superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring protection device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超导电缆综合监控保护装置，用于对设置于两个变电站之间的超导电缆进行监控保护，并与变电站中的超导电缆冷却控制系统、配电装置、变电站计算机监控系统，以及对侧变电站中的超导电缆综合监控保护装置进行连接，其包括：设置于壳体正面面板上的人机交互面板；设置于壳体内部设置有插件式板卡，包括有电源板、CPU板、管理板、模拟量输入板、开关量输入板、开关量输出板及通讯板。实施本发明，可以对多种模拟量以及开关量进行监控处理，使多种保护设置之间形成交互，从而对超导电缆提供及时且完善的监控及保护。
The invention discloses a superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device, which is used for monitoring and protecting a superconducting cable arranged between two substations, and is connected with a superconducting cable cooling control system, a power distribution device, and a substation computer in the substation. The monitoring system is connected to the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device in the substation on the opposite side, which includes: a human-computer interaction panel set on the front panel of the shell; a plug-in board set inside the shell, including a power supply board, CPU board, management board, analog input board, digital input board, digital output board and communication board. By implementing the present invention, various analog quantities and switch quantities can be monitored and processed, and various protection settings can be interacted with, thereby providing timely and perfect monitoring and protection for superconducting cables.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于超导技术领域，具体涉及一种长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置。The invention belongs to the field of superconducting technology, and in particular relates to a comprehensive monitoring and protecting device for long-distance superconducting cables.
背景技术Background technique
随着经济的发展和社会的进步，电能成为人们生活不可或缺的主要能源，提高城市配电网的供电容量及可靠性是电网公司的重要职责。近年来，城市居民对架空线引起的电磁作用和视觉污染的容忍度普遍降低，供配电线路入地成为一种必然趋势。而高温超导电缆具有线损低、传输容量大、走廊占地小、环境友好等诸多优点，为电网提供了一种高效、紧凑、可靠、绿色的电能传输方式。综合考虑电力能源需求持续增长、局部地区地下输配电走廊已趋饱和等诸多因素，能同时实现高效低损耗和大容量电能输送的超导输电技术将为大城市供电面临的挑战提供可行的解决方案。With the development of the economy and the progress of the society, electric energy has become an indispensable main energy source for people's life. Improving the power supply capacity and reliability of the urban distribution network is an important responsibility of the power grid company. In recent years, the tolerance of urban residents to electromagnetic effects and visual pollution caused by overhead lines has generally decreased, and it has become an inevitable trend for power supply and distribution lines to enter the ground. The high-temperature superconducting cable has many advantages such as low line loss, large transmission capacity, small corridor footprint, and environmental friendliness, providing an efficient, compact, reliable, and green power transmission method for the grid. Taking into account many factors such as the continuous growth of power energy demand and the saturation of underground power transmission and distribution corridors in some areas, the superconducting power transmission technology that can simultaneously achieve high-efficiency, low-loss and large-capacity power transmission will provide a feasible solution to the challenges faced by power supply in large cities Program.
但是，在现有技术中，国内以往投入运行的交流超导电缆工程均属于试验型项目，电缆布置于变电站或厂区内，电缆长度在100m以下，其控制保护系统的设计比较简单。超导电缆的循环冷却系统自带温度、压力等传感器，由配套提供的控制柜保证制冷系统正常运转。当超导电缆发生内部或外部故障时，由过电流保护跳开电缆始端连接的断路器，使超导电缆退出运行。However, in the existing technology, the AC superconducting cable projects put into operation in China in the past are all experimental projects. The cables are arranged in substations or factory areas, and the cable length is less than 100m. The design of the control and protection system is relatively simple. The circulating cooling system of the superconducting cable is equipped with temperature, pressure and other sensors, and the supporting control cabinet ensures the normal operation of the refrigeration system. When an internal or external fault occurs to the superconducting cable, the circuit breaker connected to the beginning of the cable is tripped by the overcurrent protection, so that the superconducting cable is out of operation.
与此相对照的是，城市配电网超导电缆工程需要连接两个变电站，长度往往在400m以上，可达到公里级。由于长距离超导电缆造价昂贵，运行工况复杂，以往的控制保护方案已不能满足要求。因此，很有必要设计综合监控保护装置，为长距离超导电缆提供完善的监控及保护。In contrast, the superconducting cable project of the urban distribution network needs to connect two substations, and the length is often more than 400m, which can reach the kilometer level. Due to the high cost of long-distance superconducting cables and complex operating conditions, the previous control and protection schemes can no longer meet the requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to design a comprehensive monitoring and protection device to provide perfect monitoring and protection for long-distance superconducting cables.
现有的超导电缆监控系统(或称在线监控系统、循环冷却控制系统)一般是指对超导制冷系统实现监测与控制的相对独立的子系统，监测循环冷却系统各部分的工作状况和电缆系统的技术参数(主要是非电量参数)，控制循环冷却系统的运行，确保超导电缆导体的低温运行环境。The existing superconducting cable monitoring system (or on-line monitoring system, circulating cooling control system) generally refers to a relatively independent subsystem that monitors and controls the superconducting refrigeration system, and monitors the working conditions and cables of various parts of the circulating cooling system. The technical parameters of the system (mainly non-electrical parameters) control the operation of the circulating cooling system to ensure the low temperature operating environment of the superconducting cable conductor.
超导电缆监控系统监测的参数主要有液氮温度、压力、流量等，具体参数根据冷却系统的不同类型及厂家而有所不同。监控系统通过安装于制冷系统及电缆本体各处的传感器感知各监测物理量，然后通过变送器转换成电信号上送后进行数据处理。The parameters monitored by the superconducting cable monitoring system mainly include liquid nitrogen temperature, pressure, flow, etc. The specific parameters vary according to different types and manufacturers of cooling systems. The monitoring system perceives the monitored physical quantities through the sensors installed in the refrigeration system and the cable body, and then converts them into electrical signals through the transmitter and sends them for data processing.
现有的超导电缆保护方法是配置无延时速断保护、反时限过流保护、定时限过流保护等保护，根据电缆电流的大小决定是否跳开断路器。保护装置与超导电缆监控系统之间相互独立，没有信息交互，难以实现复杂运行工况下系统间的协调配合。The existing superconducting cable protection method is to configure non-delay quick-break protection, inverse time overcurrent protection, definite time overcurrent protection and other protections, and decide whether to trip the circuit breaker according to the magnitude of the cable current. The protection device and the superconducting cable monitoring system are independent of each other, and there is no information interaction, so it is difficult to realize the coordination and cooperation between the systems under complex operating conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的问题在于，提供一种长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置，可以对多种模拟量以及开关量进行监控处理，使多种保护设置之间形成交互，从而对超导电缆提供及时且完善的监控及保护。The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a comprehensive monitoring and protection device for long-distance superconducting cables, which can monitor and process various analog quantities and switching quantities, so that various protection settings can interact with each other, thereby providing protection for superconducting cables. Timely and complete monitoring and protection.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的一方面提供一种超导电缆综合监控保护装置，用于对设置于两个变电站之间的超导电缆进行监控保护，其设置于超导电缆的端部，其与变电站中的超导电缆冷却控制系统、配电装置、变电站计算机监控系统，以及对侧变电站中的超导电缆综合监控保护装置进行连接，其包括：In order to solve the above technical problems, one aspect of the present invention provides a comprehensive monitoring and protection device for superconducting cables, which is used to monitor and protect superconducting cables arranged between two substations, which is arranged at the end of the superconducting cables, It is connected with the superconducting cable cooling control system, power distribution device, substation computer monitoring system in the substation, and the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device in the opposite substation, which includes:
壳体，所述壳体正面面板上设置人机交互面板，所述人机交互面板上设置有操作按钮、液晶显示屏、告警指示灯及调试通信口；The housing, the front panel of the housing is provided with a human-computer interaction panel, and the human-computer interaction panel is provided with operation buttons, a liquid crystal display, an alarm indicator light and a debugging communication port;
在所述壳体内部设置有插件式板卡，包括有电源板、CPU板、管理板、模拟量输入板、开关量输入板、开关量输出板及通讯板；A plug-in board is arranged inside the housing, including a power supply board, a CPU board, a management board, an analog input board, a digital input board, a digital output board and a communication board;
其中，所述电源板用于对直流电源进行转换，输出至其他板卡；Wherein, the power board is used to convert the DC power and output it to other boards;
所述模拟量输入板用于接收来自所述超导电缆冷却控制系统、配电装置的外部模拟量，所述外部模拟量包括电流、电压、温度、压力以及流量模拟量；The analog input board is used to receive external analog quantities from the superconducting cable cooling control system and power distribution device, the external analog quantities include current, voltage, temperature, pressure and flow analog quantities;
所述CPU板与所述管理板互为冗余备份，所述CPU板或管理板前端均连接有所述模拟量输入板，所述CPU板或管理板后端均连接有开关量输入板、开关量输出板；The CPU board and the management board are mutually redundant backups, the front end of the CPU board or the management board is connected with the analog input board, and the rear end of the CPU board or the management board is connected with a switching value input board, switch output board;
所述通信板与所述CPU板和管理板相连接，并连接所述超导电缆冷却控制系统、配电装置、变电站计算机监控系统，以及对侧变电站中的超导电缆综合监控保护装置，用于发送控制命令、跳合闸命令或信息。The communication board is connected with the CPU board and the management board, and is connected with the superconducting cable cooling control system, the power distribution device, the substation computer monitoring system, and the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device in the opposite substation. For sending control commands, tripping and closing commands or information.
优选地，所述CPU板或管理板中包含有：Preferably, the CPU board or management board includes:
低通滤波单元，与所述模拟量输入板连接，用于接收外部的模拟量；A low-pass filter unit, connected to the analog input board, for receiving external analog quantities;
A/D转换单元，用于将所述外部的模拟量转换为小电压信号；A/D conversion unit, for converting the external analog quantity into a small voltage signal;
第一CPU单元，与所述A/D转换单元相连接；a first CPU unit connected to the A/D conversion unit;
第二CPU单元，与所述第一CPU单元相连接，并连接人机通信口和通信口；The second CPU unit is connected to the first CPU unit and connected to the man-machine communication port and the communication port;
复杂可编程逻辑器件单元，其分别与所述第一CPU单元、第二CPU单元、开关量输入板、开关量输出板连接，用于接收来自开关量输入板的外部开关量输入，进行数据格式转换后发送给第一CPU单元，以及将第二CPU单元的控制信号进行数据格式转换后发送开关量输出板，向外部发送。The complex programmable logic device unit is respectively connected with the first CPU unit, the second CPU unit, the switch input board, and the switch output board, and is used to receive the external switch input from the switch input board, and perform data format After the conversion, it is sent to the first CPU unit, and the control signal of the second CPU unit is converted to the data format and then sent to the switch value output board to be sent to the outside.
优选地，所述第二CPU连接有通信口和人机通信口，所述人机通信口与所述人机交互面板进行通信。Preferably, the second CPU is connected with a communication port and a man-machine communication port, and the man-machine communication port communicates with the man-machine interaction panel.
优选地，所述开关量输入板中设置有光耦隔离器件。Preferably, an optocoupler isolation device is arranged in the switch value input board.
优选地，所述外部模拟量中，包括从配电装置的电流互感器、电压互感器获得的超导电缆支路电流、母线电压；从配电装置的断路器操作机构获得的断路器位置、断路器异常信号；从循环冷却控制系统获得的循环冷却介质温度、压力、流量；以及根据埋设在超导电缆中的测温光纤传感器获得的电缆本体温度。Preferably, the external analog quantities include the superconducting cable branch current and bus voltage obtained from the current transformer and voltage transformer of the power distribution device; the circuit breaker position obtained from the circuit breaker operating mechanism of the power distribution device, The abnormal signal of the circuit breaker; the temperature, pressure and flow of the circulating cooling medium obtained from the circulating cooling control system; and the temperature of the cable body obtained from the temperature measuring optical fiber sensor embedded in the superconducting cable.
优选地，所述超导电缆综合监控保护装置向计算机监控系统传送的信号包括：来自模拟量输入板的模拟量信息、来自开关量输入板的开关量信号，以及其自身的动作信号及故障信号。Preferably, the signals transmitted by the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device to the computer monitoring system include: analog information from the analog input board, switching signal from the switching input board, and its own action signal and fault signal .
优选地，所述CPU板或管理板进一步根据采集的信息实时监视超导电缆及两端断路器的运行状态，在设备运行异常或事故时发出报警信号。Preferably, the CPU board or the management board further monitors the running status of the superconducting cable and the circuit breakers at both ends in real time according to the collected information, and sends out an alarm signal when the equipment runs abnormally or has an accident.
优选地，所述CPU板或管理板进一步用于通过对电缆本体及电气设备多种电气量与非电气量信号的检测，实现对包括超导电缆系统内部故障与外部故障在内的所有故障准确识别及快速动作，其中，以光纤电流差动保护为主保护，以方向电流保护、零序电流保护等为后备保护，保护算法均结合超导电缆运行状态及失超判据。Preferably, the CPU board or management board is further used to accurately detect all faults including internal faults and external faults of the superconducting cable system by detecting various electrical and non-electrical signals of the cable body and electrical equipment. Identification and quick action, among which, the optical fiber current differential protection is the main protection, and the directional current protection and zero-sequence current protection are the backup protections. The protection algorithms are combined with the operating status of the superconducting cable and the quench criterion.
优选地，所述CPU板或管理板向所述循环冷却控制系统发送的命令至少包括循环冷却系统控制命令或超导电缆自恢复控制命令，其中，循环冷却系统控制命令用以控制液氮温度、液氮压力、泵箱或过冷箱中的液位；超导电缆自恢复控制命令用于当超导电缆因外部电网故障引起电缆失去超导状态而退出运行后，在超导电缆本体恢复超导状态后自动投入运行；Preferably, the commands sent by the CPU board or the management board to the circulating cooling control system include at least circulating cooling system control commands or superconducting cable self-recovery control commands, wherein the circulating cooling system control commands are used to control the temperature of liquid nitrogen, Liquid nitrogen pressure, liquid level in the pump box or subcooling box; the superconducting cable self-recovery control command is used to recover the superconducting cable after the superconducting cable loses its superconducting state due to an external power grid failure. Automatically put into operation after booting state;
所述CPU板或管理板向所述配电装置发送的命令至少包括：断路器分、合、重合闸操作命令，用于在出现故障或故障恢复后，通过跳开或合上电缆两端的断路器将超导电缆与电网隔离或连接。The commands sent by the CPU board or the management board to the power distribution device at least include: circuit breaker opening, closing, and reclosing operation commands, which are used to open or close the circuit breaker at both ends of the cable after a fault occurs or the fault is restored. The device isolates or connects the superconducting cable with the grid.
实施本发明实施例，具有如下有益效果：Implementing the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的一种长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置，可以在一台装置中同时采集超导电缆本体及制冷系统、关联电气设备的电气量及非电气量，通过综合判断与决策，可对于超导输电系统的异常或内部、外部故障做出快速、可靠地响应，可以改变现有的超导项目中监控系统与保护系统各自独立设置、信息交互少的现状，使多种保护设置之间形成交互，从而对超导电缆提供及时且完善的监控及保护。The present invention provides a comprehensive monitoring and protection device for long-distance superconducting cables, which can simultaneously collect the electrical and non-electrical quantities of the superconducting cable body, refrigeration system, and associated electrical equipment in one device. Through comprehensive judgment and decision-making, it can To respond quickly and reliably to abnormalities or internal and external faults of the superconducting power transmission system can change the current situation that the monitoring system and protection system in the existing superconducting project are independently set up and have little information interaction, making multiple protection settings Interaction between the superconducting cables, thus providing timely and complete monitoring and protection for superconducting cables.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1是本发明提供的一种长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置的一个实施例的运行环境示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operating environment of an embodiment of a long-distance superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的一种长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置的一个实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a long-distance superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，是本发明提供的一种长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置的一个实施例的运行环境示意图；一并结合图2所示，本发明提供的长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置1可以连接两个变电站，用于作为两个变电站中的超导电缆的控制保护核心设备，其属于变电站电气二次设备，可在超导电缆线路两端的变电站中各安装一套或冗余双套。具体地，本发明提供的超导电缆综合监控保护装置1，用于对设置于两个变电站之间的超导电缆进行监控保护，其设置于超导电缆的端部，其与变电站中的超导电缆冷却控制系统2、配电装置3、变电站计算机监控系统5，以及对侧变电站中的超导电缆综合监控保护装置进行连接，其中，超导电缆冷却控制系统2与循环冷却系统4相连接；所述装置1包括：As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of the operating environment of an embodiment of a long-distance superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device provided by the present invention; combined with Figure 2, the long-distance superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring provided by the present invention The protection device 1 can be connected to two substations, and is used as the core equipment for the control and protection of superconducting cables in the two substations. I have two sets. Specifically, the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1 provided by the present invention is used for monitoring and protecting a superconducting cable arranged between two substations. The conductive cable cooling control system 2, the power distribution device 3, the substation computer monitoring system 5, and the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device in the opposite substation are connected, wherein the superconducting cable cooling control system 2 is connected with the circulating cooling system 4 ; The device 1 comprises:
壳体，所述壳体正面面板上设置人机交互面板10，所述人机交互面板上设置有操作按钮、液晶显示屏、告警指示灯及调试通信口；在一个具体的例子中，所述壳体可以采用标准4U机箱，可安装于标准屏柜中；A housing, a human-computer interaction panel 10 is arranged on the front panel of the housing, and an operation button, a liquid crystal display, an alarm indicator light, and a debugging communication port are arranged on the human-computer interaction panel; in a specific example, the The shell can adopt a standard 4U chassis, which can be installed in a standard screen cabinet;
在所述壳体内部设置有插件式板卡，包括有电源板11、CPU板12、管理板13、模拟量输入板14、开关量输入板15、开关量输出板16及通讯板17；A plug-in board is arranged inside the housing, including a power supply board 11, a CPU board 12, a management board 13, an analog input board 14, a digital input board 15, a digital output board 16 and a communication board 17;
其中，所述电源板11用于对直流电源进行转换，输出至其他板卡，具体地，可以将220V或110V直流变换成装置内部需要的电压(如24V/12V/5V等)；Wherein, the power board 11 is used to convert the DC power and output it to other boards. Specifically, it can convert 220V or 110V DC into the voltage required inside the device (such as 24V/12V/5V, etc.);
所述模拟量输入板14用于接收来自所述超导电缆冷却控制系统、配电装置的外部模拟量，所述外部模拟量包括电流、电压、温度、压力以及流量模拟量；The analog input board 14 is used to receive external analog quantities from the superconducting cable cooling control system and power distribution device, the external analog quantities include current, voltage, temperature, pressure and flow analog quantities;
所述CPU板12与所述管理板13互为冗余备份，所述CPU板12或管理板13前端均连接有所述模拟量输入板，所述CPU板12或管理板13后端均连接有开关量输入板15、开关量输出板16；The CPU board 12 and the management board 13 are mutually redundant backups, the front ends of the CPU board 12 or the management board 13 are connected to the analog input board, and the CPU board 12 or the management board 13 rear ends are connected to There is a switching value input board 15 and a switching value output board 16;
所述通信板17与所述CPU板12和管理板13相连接，并连接所述超导电缆冷却控制系统2、配电装置3、变电站计算机监控系统5，以及对侧变电站中的超导电缆综合监控保护装置，用于发送控制命令、跳合闸命令或信息。在一些具体的例子中，通信板17根据接口需要配置高速以太网电口或光口，及485串口等。The communication board 17 is connected with the CPU board 12 and the management board 13, and connects the superconducting cable cooling control system 2, the power distribution device 3, the substation computer monitoring system 5, and the superconducting cable in the opposite substation Integrated monitoring and protection device for sending control commands, tripping and closing commands or information. In some specific examples, the communication board 17 is configured with a high-speed Ethernet electrical port or an optical port, and a 485 serial port according to interface requirements.
更具体地，所述CPU板12或管理板13中包含有：More specifically, the CPU board 12 or management board 13 includes:
低通滤波单元，与所述模拟量输入板连接，用于接收外部的模拟量；A low-pass filter unit, connected to the analog input board, for receiving external analog quantities;
A/D转换单元，用于将所述外部的模拟量转换为小电压信号；A/D conversion unit, for converting the external analog quantity into a small voltage signal;
第一CPU单元，与所述A/D转换单元相连接；a first CPU unit connected to the A/D conversion unit;
第二CPU单元，与所述第一CPU单元相连接，并连接人机通信口和通信口；The second CPU unit is connected to the first CPU unit and connected to the man-machine communication port and the communication port;
复杂可编程逻辑器件单元(CPLD)，其分别与所述第一CPU单元、第二CPU单元、开关量输入板、开关量输出板连接，用于接收来自开关量输入板的外部开关量输入，进行数据格式转换后发送给第一CPU单元，以及将第二CPU单元的控制信号进行数据格式转换后发送开关量输出板，向外部发送。具体地，电流、电压、温度、压力、流量等通过模拟量输入板所转换成小电压信号的，分别进入CPU板12和管理板13，经过滤波、A/D转换后，进入第一CPU单元。第一CPU单元进行监控、保护数据的运算，结果传给第二CPU单元。第二CPU单元进行监控、保护的逻辑运算及出口控制，同时完成事件记录、后台通讯及与人机界面的通讯功能。A complex programmable logic device unit (CPLD), which is respectively connected with the first CPU unit, the second CPU unit, the switch input board, and the switch output board, is used to receive the external switch input from the switch input board, The data format is converted and sent to the first CPU unit, and the control signal of the second CPU unit is sent to the switch output board after the data format conversion, and sent to the outside. Specifically, current, voltage, temperature, pressure, flow, etc. are converted into small voltage signals by the analog input board, respectively enter the CPU board 12 and the management board 13, and after filtering and A/D conversion, enter the first CPU unit . The first CPU unit performs operations on monitoring and protecting data, and the result is transmitted to the second CPU unit. The second CPU unit performs monitoring and protection logic operations and export control, and simultaneously completes event recording, background communication and communication functions with the man-machine interface.
在一个实施例中，所述第二CPU连接有通信口和人机通信口，所述人机通信口与所述人机交互面板进行通信。In one embodiment, the second CPU is connected with a communication port and a man-machine communication port, and the man-machine communication port communicates with the man-machine interaction panel.
所述开关量输入板中设置有光耦隔离器件，例如可以进行220/110V光耦隔离，可以理解的是，开关量采用无源接点，具有通、断两种状态。The switch input board is provided with an optocoupler isolation device, for example, 220/110V optocoupler isolation can be performed. It can be understood that the switch value adopts passive contacts and has two states of on and off.
在所述模拟量输入板14所接收的外部模拟量中，包括从配电装置3的电流互感器、电压互感器获得的超导电缆支路电流、母线电压；从配电装置3的断路器操作机构获得的断路器位置、断路器异常信号；从循环冷却控制系统2获得的循环冷却介质温度、压力、流量；以及根据埋设在超导电缆中的测温光纤传感器获得的电缆本体温度。其中，电流模拟量是将电气主设备电流转换为0～1A的小电流，便于综合装置采集、处理；电压模拟量类似，将10kV电压转换为0～100V电压。非电量模拟量是通过各种传感器将温度、压力、流量等物理量转换为4～20mA的弱电信号。In the external analog quantity that described analog quantity input board 14 receives, comprise the superconducting cable branch current that obtains from the current transformer of power distribution device 3, potential transformer, busbar voltage; The position of the circuit breaker and the abnormal signal of the circuit breaker obtained by the operating mechanism; the temperature, pressure and flow of the circulating cooling medium obtained from the circulating cooling control system 2; and the temperature of the cable body obtained from the temperature measuring optical fiber sensor embedded in the superconducting cable. Among them, the current analog quantity is to convert the current of the electrical main equipment into a small current of 0-1A, which is convenient for the collection and processing of the comprehensive device; the voltage analog quantity is similar, and the 10kV voltage is converted into a 0-100V voltage. The non-electrical analog quantity is to convert physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and flow into weak electric signals of 4 to 20mA through various sensors.
所述超导电缆综合监控保护装置1向计算机监控系统传送的信号包括：来自模拟量输入板14的模拟量信息、来自开关量输入板的开关量信号，以及其自身的动作信号及故障信号。The signals transmitted from the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1 to the computer monitoring system include: analog information from the analog input board 14, switching signals from the switching input board, and its own action signals and fault signals.
更具体地，所述CPU板12或管理板13进一步根据采集的信息实时监视超导电缆及两端断路器的运行状态，在设备运行异常或事故时发出报警信号。More specifically, the CPU board 12 or the management board 13 further monitors the running status of the superconducting cable and the circuit breakers at both ends in real time according to the collected information, and sends out an alarm signal when the equipment runs abnormally or has an accident.
更具体地，所述CPU板12或管理板13进一步用于通过对电缆本体及电气设备多种电气量与非电气量信号的检测，实现对包括超导电缆系统内部故障与外部故障在内的所有故障准确识别及快速动作，其中，以光纤电流差动保护为主保护，以方向电流保护、零序电流保护等为后备保护，保护算法均结合超导电缆运行状态及失超判据。More specifically, the CPU board 12 or the management board 13 is further used to detect various electrical and non-electrical signals of the cable body and electrical equipment, to realize the detection of internal faults and external faults including the superconducting cable system. Accurate identification and quick action of all faults, among which, the optical fiber current differential protection is the main protection, and the directional current protection and zero-sequence current protection are the backup protections. The protection algorithms are combined with the operating status of the superconducting cable and the quench criterion.
更具体地，所述CPU板12或管理板13向所述循环冷却控制系统2发送的命令至少包括循环冷却系统控制命令或超导电缆自恢复控制命令，其中，循环冷却系统控制命令用以控制液氮温度、液氮压力、泵箱或过冷箱中的液位；超导电缆自恢复控制命令用于当超导电缆因外部电网故障引起电缆失去超导状态而退出运行后，在超导电缆本体恢复超导状态后自动投入运行；More specifically, the commands sent by the CPU board 12 or the management board 13 to the circulating cooling control system 2 include at least circulating cooling system control commands or superconducting cable self-restoring control commands, wherein the circulating cooling system control commands are used to control Liquid nitrogen temperature, liquid nitrogen pressure, liquid level in the pump box or subcooling box; the superconducting cable self-recovery control command is used when the superconducting cable loses its superconducting state due to an external power grid failure. After the cable body returns to the superconducting state, it will be put into operation automatically;
所述CPU板12或管理板13向所述配电装置3发送的命令至少包括：断路器分、合、重合闸操作命令，用于在出现故障或故障恢复后，通过跳开或合上电缆两端的断路器将超导电缆与电网隔离或连接。The commands sent by the CPU board 12 or the management board 13 to the power distribution device 3 at least include: circuit breaker opening, closing, and reclosing operation commands, which are used to jump or close the cable after a fault occurs or the fault is restored. Circuit breakers at both ends isolate or connect the superconducting cable to the grid.
综上，超导电缆综合监控保护装置1可以完成下述的功能：In summary, superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1 can complete the following functions:
(1)信号采集(1) Signal acquisition
从配电装置的电流互感器、电压互感器获得超导电缆支路电流、母线电压；Obtain the superconducting cable branch current and bus voltage from the current transformer and voltage transformer of the power distribution device;
从配电装置的断路器操作机构获得断路器位置、断路器异常信号；Obtain the circuit breaker position and circuit breaker abnormal signal from the circuit breaker operating mechanism of the power distribution device;
从循环冷却控制系统获得循环冷却介质温度、压力、流量；Obtain the temperature, pressure and flow of the circulating cooling medium from the circulating cooling control system;
根据超导电缆中所埋入测温光纤传感器获得电缆本体温度。The temperature of the cable body is obtained according to the temperature measuring optical fiber sensor embedded in the superconducting cable.
(2)信号上送(2) Send the signal
除将装置采集的模拟量、开关量信号上送至计算机监控系统外，还上送综合装置自身的动作信号及故障信号。In addition to sending the analog and switch signals collected by the device to the computer monitoring system, it also sends the action signal and fault signal of the integrated device itself.
(3)运行监视(3) Operation monitoring
根据采集的信息实时监视超导电缆及两端断路器的运行状态，在设备运行异常或事故时发出报警信号。例如：超导电缆液氮入口温度或出口温度超过报警值、液氮流量低于报警值等情况认为系统运行异常；液氮出口与入口温度差超过温差极限定值，则认为系统发生事故。According to the collected information, it monitors the running status of the superconducting cable and the circuit breakers at both ends in real time, and sends out an alarm signal when the equipment runs abnormally or has an accident. For example, if the liquid nitrogen inlet or outlet temperature of the superconducting cable exceeds the alarm value, and the liquid nitrogen flow rate is lower than the alarm value, it is considered that the system is operating abnormally; if the temperature difference between the liquid nitrogen outlet and the inlet exceeds the temperature difference limit value, it is considered that the system has an accident.
(4)继电保护(4) Relay protection
通过对电缆本体及电气设备多种电气量与非电气量信号的检测，实现对包括超导电缆系统内部故障与外部故障在内的所有故障准确识别及快速动作。装置以光纤电流差动保护为主保护，以方向电流保护、零序电流保护等为后备保护，保护算法均结合超导电缆运行状态及失超判据。Through the detection of various electrical and non-electrical signals of the cable body and electrical equipment, accurate identification and rapid action of all faults including internal faults and external faults of the superconducting cable system are realized. The device uses optical fiber current differential protection as the main protection, and directional current protection and zero-sequence current protection as backup protection. The protection algorithms are combined with the operating status of the superconducting cable and the quench criterion.
(5)控制与操作(5) Control and operation
循环冷却系统控制命令；根据具体厂商产品有所不同，典型控制控制命令如：①液氮温度控制命令：通过调节制冷机运行数量实现对总制冷量的调节，从而保证电缆出口处的液氮温度；②液氮压力控制命令：调节液氮泵的压头及调节阀门而使系统压力平衡；③液氮流量控制命令：调节阀门，调节液氮泵的转速；④泵箱、过冷箱中液位命令：通过控制阀门开启补充液氮。Circulating cooling system control commands; depending on the specific manufacturer’s products, typical control commands are as follows: ① Liquid nitrogen temperature control command: adjust the total cooling capacity by adjusting the number of refrigerators running, so as to ensure the liquid nitrogen temperature at the cable outlet ; ② Liquid nitrogen pressure control command: adjust the pressure head of the liquid nitrogen pump and adjust the valve to balance the system pressure; ③ Liquid nitrogen flow control command: adjust the valve, adjust the speed of the liquid nitrogen pump; Bit command: open and replenish liquid nitrogen through the control valve.
超导电缆自恢复控制命令；当超导电缆因外部电网故障引起电缆失去超导状态而退出运行时，由于超导电缆系统本身并没有发生故障，故可在超导电缆本体恢复超导状态后自动投入运行，实现外部电网故障下的超导电缆自恢复控制功能，以提高电网供电可靠性。Superconducting cable self-recovery control command; when the superconducting cable is out of operation due to the failure of the external power grid, the superconducting cable system itself has not failed, so the superconducting cable itself can be restored to the superconducting state. Automatically put into operation to realize the self-recovery control function of the superconducting cable under the fault of the external power grid, so as to improve the reliability of power supply of the power grid.
断路器分、合操作命令。对于超导输电系统内部或外部的短路故障，会导致超导电缆中流过较大电流，进而引起电缆失去超导状态。在此情况下通过跳开电缆两端的断路器将超导电缆与电网隔离，从而起到保护超导电缆的作用。Circuit breaker opening and closing operation command. For the internal or external short-circuit fault of the superconducting power transmission system, a large current will flow in the superconducting cable, which will cause the cable to lose its superconducting state. In this case, the superconducting cable is isolated from the power grid by jumping the circuit breakers at both ends of the cable, so as to protect the superconducting cable.
另外，超导电缆综合监控保护装置1可以和其他系统进行交互，具体地：In addition, superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1 can interact with other systems, specifically:
超导电缆冷却控制系统2向超导电缆综合监控保护装置1提供超导电缆的重要模拟量及开关量信号，使超导电缆综合监控保护装置1能够感知超导电缆冷却系统的工作状态，并可向超导电缆冷却控制系统2发出控制命令。The superconducting cable cooling control system 2 provides the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1 with important analog and switching signals of the superconducting cable, so that the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1 can perceive the working status of the superconducting cable cooling system, and A control command can be issued to the superconducting cable cooling control system 2 .
超导电缆综合监控保护装置1采集超导电缆电流/电压模拟量、断路器位置信息及状态信息，并可向配电装置3进行断路器分、合、重合闸等操作控制。Superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1 collects superconducting cable current/voltage analog quantities, circuit breaker position information and status information, and can perform operation control such as circuit breaker opening, closing and reclosing to power distribution device 3 .
超导电缆综合监控保护装置1作为变电站内设备，需要与站内的变电站计算机监控系统进行通信，上报必要信息，执行下发命令。The superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1, as the equipment in the substation, needs to communicate with the substation computer monitoring system in the substation, report necessary information, and execute issued commands.
超导电缆综合监控保护装置1与超导电缆另一端的超导电缆综合监控保护装置之间可以进行通信，交换运行信息，进行综合判断，协调执行控制动作。The superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device 1 can communicate with the superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device at the other end of the superconducting cable, exchange operation information, make comprehensive judgments, and coordinate and execute control actions.
实施本发明实施例，具有如下有益效果：Implementing the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的一种长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置，可以在一台装置中同时采集超导电缆本体及制冷系统、关联电气设备的电气量及非电气量，通过综合判断与决策，可对于超导输电系统的异常或内部、外部故障做出快速、可靠地响应，可以改变现有的超导项目中监控系统与保护系统各自独立设置、信息交互少的现状，使多种保护设置之间形成交互，从而对超导电缆提供及时且完善的监控及保护；The present invention provides a comprehensive monitoring and protection device for long-distance superconducting cables, which can simultaneously collect the electrical and non-electrical quantities of the superconducting cable body, refrigeration system, and associated electrical equipment in one device. Through comprehensive judgment and decision-making, it can To respond quickly and reliably to abnormalities or internal and external faults of the superconducting power transmission system can change the current situation that the monitoring system and protection system in the existing superconducting project are independently set up and have little information interaction, making multiple protection settings Form interaction among them, so as to provide timely and complete monitoring and protection for superconducting cables;
对于城市配电网改造中使用的长距离(几百米及数公里)超导电缆输电系统来说，其设备造价十分昂贵，并且运行工况复杂。现有技术中的监控、保护独立系统已难以满足系统可靠性要求，采用本发明提供的长距离超导电缆综合监控保护装置具有广泛的应用场景。For the long-distance (hundreds of meters and several kilometers) superconducting cable transmission system used in the transformation of urban distribution network, the equipment cost is very expensive and the operating conditions are complicated. The monitoring and protection independent systems in the prior art have been difficult to meet the system reliability requirements, and the long-distance superconducting cable comprehensive monitoring and protection device provided by the present invention has a wide range of application scenarios.
以上所述仅是本申请的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本申请的保护范围。The above description is only the specific implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of this application.
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