CN110336029A - A kind of negative electrode material, cathode and kalium ion battery - Google Patents
A kind of negative electrode material, cathode and kalium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110336029A CN110336029A CN201910516308.4A CN201910516308A CN110336029A CN 110336029 A CN110336029 A CN 110336029A CN 201910516308 A CN201910516308 A CN 201910516308A CN 110336029 A CN110336029 A CN 110336029A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of negative electrode material, cathode and kalium ion batteries.The negative electrode material includes active material, and active material is aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons based composites.Aromatic hydrocarbons organic material is with abundant microcellular structure, interlamellar spacing is larger, has rotating channel, is highly suitable to be applied in kalium ion battery.Cathode includes the negative electrode material of collector and coating on a current collector, and negative pole structure stability provided by the invention is good, high rate performance is excellent, and preparation method is also simple.Kalium ion battery, including above-mentioned cathode, anode and electrolyte, electrolyte include sylvite and solvent.The kalium ion battery provided by the invention assembled by aromatic hydrocarbons organic material and corresponding electrolyte system, has good structural stability and excellent high rate performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology fields, and in particular to a kind of negative electrode material, cathode and kalium ion battery.
Background technique
Energy and environmental problem is always a global hot issue, with the continuous development of modern society, tradition
The fossil energy drawbacks such as that there are reserves is limited, pollutes the environment so that the problems such as energy crisis and environmental pollution increasingly
Prominent, traditional fossil energy is far from satisfying the demand that the mankind construct green, clean energy society.Adjust energy knot
Structure, exploitation can be recycled, the new energy of no pollution to the environment has a very important significance.New energy includes wind energy, the sun
Energy, nuclear energy and biological energy source etc., and how these clean energy resourcies to be converted and be stored, it is the key that clean energy resource development and application.Electricity
A kind of extremely important storage means of the chemical energy storage as green energy resource, are always the focal point of scientific worker.
The energy density that lithium ion battery has by it is high, outstanding advantages of having extended cycle life and is pollution-free, in new energy
Field occupies an important position, but since the lithium reserves in the earth's crust are extremely limited and resource distribution is unbalance, while making in lithium battery
Inorganic material the problems such as there are toxic transition metal, this generates very big pollution to environment.
Kalium ion battery has huge development potentiality due to many advantages, and potassium resource is abundant (it is total to account for crustal elements
The 1.58% of amount), reserves of the potassium element in the earth's crust be thousands of times of lithium, low in cost and oxidation-reduction potential is low.In addition, potassium
The lewis acidity of ion is more much weaker than lithium ion, and the solvated ion formed in a solvent with solvent molecule is small, therefore solvent
Change the ionic conductivity of potassium ion and the height of mobility ratio solvation lithium ion.In addition, the heat of solution of potassium ion is smaller, it is being electrolysed
The kinetics of diffusion performance of matter electrode interface is more superior than lithium ion.Therefore, kalium ion battery technology is considered as having in future
The electrochemical energy storage technology of bright prospects.Further, developing the excellent kalium ion battery of cheap cycle performance has very
Big commercial value.
Currently, the progress of kalium ion battery is slow.Mainly since metallic potassium is extremely active, inorganic negative electrode material exists
The risk for generating metallic potassium can be faced in charge and discharge process, structural stability is poor, to bring serious safety problem;Separately
Outside, potassium ion radius is very big, causes potassium ion transporting in inorganic negative electrode material to be faced with biggish potential barrier obstacle, thus shadow
Ring its high rate performance.
Summary of the invention
For the inorganic material of current lithium ion battery applications, there are toxic transition metal, and applied in kalium ion battery
Inorganic material has that structural stability is poor, high rate performance is not high, that the present invention provides a kind of safe, stability is high,
The excellent negative electrode material of high rate performance, cathode with the negative electrode material and preparation method thereof and the potassium with the negative electrode material from
Sub- battery.
In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of negative electrode material, including active material, the active material
For aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons based composites.
Further, the aromatic hydrocarbons is phenanthrene.
Further, the negative electrode material includes the binder, conductive agent and active material being mixed with each other.
Further, the binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose or Kynoar;And/or the conductive agent is to lead
At least one of electric carbon black and acetylene black.
Further, based on mass fraction, the active material accounting is 60%~90%, and the binder accounting is
3%~15%, the conductive agent accounting is 7%~25%.
The present invention provides a kind of cathode, including collector and above-mentioned negative electrode material, and the negative electrode material is coated in the collection
On fluid.
The present invention also provides a kind of kalium ion battery, including above-mentioned cathode, anode and electrolyte, the electrolyte includes potassium
Salt and solvent.
Further, the sylvite is in Potassium Hexafluorophosphate, potassium hyperchlorate, potassium fluoborate and bis- (fluorine sulphonyl) imines potassium
It is at least one;The solvent is carbonate-based solvent or ether-based solvent.
Further, the carbonate-based solvent is vinyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and fluoro
At least one of carbonic ester;The ether-based solvent be tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and
At least one of glycol dimethyl ether.
Further, in the electrolyte, based on mass fraction, the sylvite accounting is 5%~50%, the solvent
Accounting is 50%~95%;With the meter of substance, the substance withdrawl syndrome of the sylvite is 0.1mol/L~5mol/L.
Aromatic hydrocarbons organic material is used in negative electrode material provided by the invention, and there is good high rate performance.Cathode is matched
It closes electrolyte system and is applied to kalium ion battery, so that kalium ion battery has good structural stability and excellent multiplying power
Performance.
Detailed description of the invention
What is carried out in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is described below, above and other aspect, features and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention
It will become clearer, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the luxuriant and rich with fragrance crystal structure figure under different observation angles used by the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is electronic band structure figure luxuriant and rich with fragrance used by embodiment;
Fig. 4 is density of electronic states distribution map luxuriant and rich with fragrance used by embodiment;
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is embedding K+Crystal structure figure of the negative electrode material under different observation angles;
Fig. 7 is the embedding K of embodiment 1+Negative electrode material electronic band structure figure;
Fig. 8 is the embedding K of embodiment 1+Negative electrode material density of electronic states distribution map;
Fig. 9 is negative electrode material continuously embedding K+Quantity and the variation relation figure for forming energy;
Figure 10 is negative electrode material continuously embedding K+The average open-circuit voltage relational graph of quantity and cathode half-cell;
Figure 11 is the migration path of potassium ion and the potential barrier schematic diagram of corresponding process;
Figure 12 is the embedding K of embodiment 2+Negative electrode material electronic band structure figure;
Figure 13 is the embedding K of embodiment 2+Negative electrode material density of electronic states distribution map.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings to detailed description of the present invention embodiment.However, it is possible to come in many different forms real
The present invention is applied, and the present invention should not be construed as limited to the specific embodiment illustrated here.On the contrary, providing these implementations
Example is in order to explain the principle of the present invention and its practical application, to make others skilled in the art it will be appreciated that the present invention
Various embodiments and be suitable for the various modifications of specific intended application.
The present inventor be based on inorganic material in the prior art there are toxicity, stability is poor, high rate performance is not high
The problem of, provide a kind of safety, high rate performance is excellent, can be relieved volume expansion negative electrode material, cathode, preparation method and
Kalium ion battery.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of negative electrode material, including active material, the active material is aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic hydrocarbons
Based composites.
Further, negative electrode material includes the binder, conductive agent and active material being mixed with each other.
Further, based on mass fraction, active material accounting is 60%~90%, and binder accounting is 3%~15%,
Conductive agent accounting is 7%~25%.
Aromatic hydrocarbons is preferably phenanthrene.
Binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose or Kynoar.
Conductive agent is at least one of conductive black and acetylene black.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of cathode, including collector and negative electrode material according to above-mentioned negative electrode material, described
Negative electrode material is coated on the collector.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned cathode, comprising: provides active material, conductive agent and bonding
Agent is coated on collector after mixing three kinds of materials, obtains cathode after vacuum dried, slice.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of kalium ion battery, including electrolyte, anode and above-mentioned cathode, electrolyte packet
Include sylvite and solvent.
Preferably, in the electrolytic solution, based on mass fraction, sylvite accounting be 5%~50%, solvent accounting be 50%~
95%;With the meter of substance, the substance withdrawl syndrome of sylvite is 0.1mol/L~5mol/L.
Sylvite is at least one of Potassium Hexafluorophosphate, potassium hyperchlorate, potassium fluoborate and bis- (fluorine sulphonyl) imines potassium.
Solvent is carbonate-based solvent or ether-based solvent.Carbonate-based solvent is vinyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, two
At least one of ethyl carbonate ester and fluoro carbonic ester;Ether-based solvent is tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, two
At least one of glyme and glycol dimethyl ether.
Specifically, organic molecule mainly generates stacking/congregational rate by the interaction of Van der Waals force, leads to organic crystal
Interplanar distance it is larger;In addition, organic cathode material has from a wealth of sources, cheap, environmentally protective, flexible foldable etc. excellent
Point, is all highly suitable to be applied in kalium ion battery.
Aromatic hydrocarbons in negative electrode material of the invention has microcellular structure abundant, biggish interlamellar spacing, this is advantageous for half
The insertion and abjection of the biggish potassium ion of diameter, can also effectively alleviate volume expansion;Meanwhile the rotating channel that aromatic hydrocarbons has
Be conducive to the insertion and abjection of potassium ion.Above-mentioned negative electrode material is applied in kalium ion battery, corresponding electrolyte is cooperated
System, the kalium ion battery of available stable structure, and kalium ion battery specific capacity with higher (452mAh/g).
Illustrate above-mentioned negative electrode material, cathode, preparation method and potassium of the invention below with reference to specific embodiment
Ion battery, it is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to be, following embodiments be only above-mentioned negative electrode material of the invention, cathode, its
The specific example of preparation method and kalium ion battery, rather than limit its whole.
Embodiment 1
By aromatic hydrocarbons material phenanthrene (C14H10), acetylene black and sodium carboxymethylcellulose mixed according to the mass ratio of 70:20:10
It closes, obtains negative electrode material.
On a current collector by negative electrode material coating, after vacuum dried, slice, negative electricity pole piece is obtained.
It configures electrolyte: in the glove box full of argon gas, vinyl carbonate being heated in magnetic heating stirrer
In liquid condition, as solvent;Anhydrous Potassium Hexafluorophosphate dissolution is taken to be made into the electrolyte of 1.5mol/L in a solvent again.
Assemble kalium ion battery: in anhydrous and oxygen-free, the glove box full of argon gas, according to electrode shell, gasket, negative electrode
Piece, electrolyte, assembles the sequence of electrode battery shell diaphragm, obtains kalium ion battery.
Characterization and test:
Luxuriant and rich with fragrance crystal structure is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, and as seen from the figure, phenanthrene is a kind of molecular crystal of conjugation, space group configuration
For P21, it is made of the phenyl ring that three centers are not arranged on the same straight line, the molecule in solid has biggish interlamellar spacing.
Luxuriant and rich with fragrance band structure and density of electronic states distribution are tested, it is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 to obtain result difference.By Fig. 3 and figure
4 it is found that phenanthrene at this time has semiconductor property.
The cathode of the kalium ion battery of start-up operation is detected, potassium ion (K is obtained+) when being partially submerged into negative electrode material
Crystal structure it is as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.By Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 it is found that luxuriant and rich with fragrance interplanar distance is larger, be conducive to K+Insertion and de-
Out.
Test potassium ion is partially submerged into band structure and density of electronic states distribution when negative electrode material, obtains result respectively such as
Shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 are it is found that embedding K+Negative electrode material metalline is changed by semiconductor property, further
It ensure that the luxuriant and rich with fragrance basis as negative electrode material.
Pass through embedding K+Process forms the calculating of energy, obtains continuous embedding K+Quantity and the result of variations for forming energy are as shown in Figure 9.
Form the calculation formula of energy are as follows: EF=Edoped-Epristine-x·μk(bulk)-x·[μk-μk(bulk)].As shown in Figure 9, one
In fixed chemical potential ranges, being formed to be negative value, and the result shows embedding K+Stability;Work as X=1, when 2,3,
KXC14H10There is the case where formation within the scope of some can be less than 0, when only X=4, regardless of in which range,
K4C14H10Formation can be both greater than 0, illustrate K4C14H10It cannot be formed under conditions of normal work.This is that is to say, bright, phenanthrene
The embedding potassium concn of maximum be K3C14H10, further according to the specific capacity calculation formula of cathode, can calculate negative electrode material is with higher
Specific capacity: 3mol × (6.02 × 1023)mol-1×1.602×10-193600 ÷ 178g/mol=452mAh/ of the ÷ of C × 1000
g。
Test embedding K+The relationship of process and average open-circuit voltage, obtains that the results are shown in Figure 10.Figure 10 shows there be luxuriant and rich with fragrance add
The negative electrode material entered has lower voltage, is conducive to the raising of full battery voltage window.
By calculating the diffusion path of potassium ion, the migration path of potassium ion and the potential barrier signal of corresponding process have been obtained
Figure 11.Figure 11 shows that potassium ion has lesser potential barrier in negative electrode material, the negative electrode material tool that this explanation has aromatic hydrocarbons phenanthrene to be added
There is good high rate performance.
Embodiment 2
By aromatic hydrocarbons material phenanthrene (C14H10), conductive black and Kynoar 80:10:10 in mass ratio mixed, obtain
Negative electrode material.According to the composition, negative electrode slurry is made, and slurry is evenly applied to negative electrode is made on clean Cu foil
Piece.
Using glass fibre as diaphragm, metallic potassium is to electrode, and electrolyte is that the diimine potassium of 1mol/L is dissolved in diethylene glycol (DEG)
In diformazan ether solvents.Using 2032 type button cells, according to electrode shell, gasket, cathode in the glove box full of high-purity argon gas
Electrode slice, electrolyte, assembles the sequence of electrode battery shell diaphragm, obtains kalium ion battery.
Characterization and test:
Test obtains band structure when potassium ion is partially submerged into negative electrode material and density of electronic states respectively such as Figure 12 and 13
Shown, comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 are it is found that embedding K+Negative electrode material by semiconductor transition at metalline, which guarantees
Phenanthrene may be used as kalium ion battery negative electrode material.
Meanwhile by calculating other parameters, discovery parameters are identical as the result in embodiment 1, therefore can
To illustrate that aromatic hydrocarbons phenanthrene has preferable properties as kalium ion battery cathode.
Although the present invention has shown and described referring to specific embodiment, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that:
In the case where not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention being defined by the claims and their equivalents, can carry out herein form and
Various change in details.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of negative electrode material, which is characterized in that including negative electrode active material, the negative electrode active material is aromatic hydrocarbons or aryl
Composite material.
2. negative electrode material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aromatic hydrocarbons is phenanthrene.
3. negative electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the negative electrode material include be mixed with each other it is viscous
Tie agent, conductive agent and the negative electrode active material.
4. negative electrode material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose or gathers inclined
Vinyl fluoride;And/or the conductive agent is at least one of conductive black and acetylene black.
5. negative electrode material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that based on mass fraction, the active material accounting is
60%~90%, the binder accounting is 3%~15%, and the conductive agent accounting is 7%~25%.
6. a kind of cathode, which is characterized in that including any negative electrode material of collector and Claims 1 to 5, the cathode
Material is coated on the collector.
7. a kind of kalium ion battery, which is characterized in that including cathode as claimed in claim 6, anode and electrolyte, the electrolysis
Liquid includes sylvite and solvent.
8. kalium ion battery according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the sylvite be Potassium Hexafluorophosphate, potassium hyperchlorate,
At least one of potassium fluoborate and bis- (fluorine sulphonyl) imines potassium;The solvent is carbonate-based solvent or ether-based solvent.
9. kalium ion battery according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the carbonate-based solvent be vinyl carbonate,
At least one of dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and fluoro carbonic ester;The ether-based solvent is tetraethylene glycol diformazan
At least one of ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and glycol dimethyl ether.
10. according to any kalium ion battery of claim 7~9, which is characterized in that in the electrolyte, with quality
Score meter, the sylvite accounting are 5%~50%, and the solvent accounting is 50%~95%;With the meter of substance, the sylvite
Substance withdrawl syndrome be 0.1mol/L~5mol/L.
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CN113517440A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-10-19 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Nitrogen-containing negative electrode material, negative electrode and potassium ion battery |
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