CN110335954B - Efficient and stable white light organic electroluminescent device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Efficient and stable white light organic electroluminescent device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-efficiency stable white light organic electroluminescent device and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of organic semiconductor luminescent devices. The organic electroluminescent device comprises a transparent substrate, an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an exciton blocking layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer and a cathode in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the light emitting layer is of a three-layer structure and comprises a yellow phosphorescent layer, a spacing layer and a non-doped blue fluorescent layer in sequence from bottom to top; the yellow phosphorescent layer is formed by doping a yellow phosphorescent guest material with a green thermal activation delayed fluorescence host material. The invention adopts the thermal activation delayed fluorescence material as a parent sensitized yellow phosphorescent guest, and the material has excellent carrier transmission capability and can be used as a bipolar transmission host; and the triplet state energy level is larger than that of the phosphorescent yellow guest material, so that the energy return from the guest to the host can be prevented. The yellow light and the blue light are emitted complementarily to form white light, so that the exciton utilization rate is improved, and the device performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic semiconductor light-emitting devices, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency stable white light organic electroluminescent device and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The white Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) is a planar light source, has the advantages of flexibility, wide viewing angle, energy conservation, high response speed and the like, can complement a short plate of an inorganic OLED lighting technology, and is a main force of the next generation lighting technology. In addition, in the display field, the WOLED can be used as a backlight source of liquid crystal display technology or used as a sub-pixel to prepare high-specification RGBW-TV, namely red/green/blue/white pixel TV.
OLEDs can be classified into all-fluorescent, all-phosphorescent, and fluorescent/phosphorescent hybrid WOLEDs according to the kind of light emitting material in a light emitting layer. For the all-fluorescent WOLED, the conventional fluorescent material is adopted, and although the all-fluorescent WOLED has long service life, the efficiency is generally low and is less than 20 lm/W. Fully phosphorescent WOLEDs can utilize both singlet and triplet excitons, and thus the efficiency of the device is higher. But the method is limited by the scarcity of heavy metal resources, and the stability of the blue light phosphorescent material is poor, so that the method is not beneficial to the development of business. Therefore, the hybrid WOLED produced by mixing the blue fluorescent material and the phosphorescent materials with complementary colors such as green, yellow and red can effectively combine the respective advantages of the full-fluorescence WOLED and the full-phosphorescence WOLED by means of a reasonable device structure and a reasonable material system, and is a high-efficiency stable white light device which is very expected to realize commercial products.
In hybrid WOLEDs, singlet excitons and triplet excitons can quench each other, greatly reducing the efficiency of the device. By means of designing proper device structure and proper material system, the singlet state excitons and the triplet state excitons are regulated, so that the singlet state excitons are utilized by a blue fluorescent material to generate blue light, the triplet state excitons are utilized by a phosphorescent material, each component can show respective luminescence, and the complementation of multicolor spectrum is carried out, thereby obtaining white light emission. At present, although many hybrid WOLEDs are reported in succession, the stability of the device is poor, and the efficiency is low. In addition, the structures of these devices are generally complex, the difficulty of the manufacturing process is high, the repeatability is poor, and the commercial application is not facilitated.
Therefore, the development of a white WOLED with simple process, low cost, high efficiency and stability is of great significance in promoting the commercialization progress of white OLEDs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient and stable white organic electroluminescent device and a method for fabricating the same, in which conventional aggregation-induced emission materials with excellent performance are used as a blue layer, and highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials are used as a host to sensitize phosphorescent guest materials, so that singlet excitons are used by the blue fluorescence materials to generate blue light, and triplet excitons are used by the phosphorescent materials, thereby improving exciton utilization and device performance. The white organic electroluminescent device with simple structure and manufacture process, low cost, high efficiency and stability is prepared, and is beneficial to commercial application.
The invention relates to a high-efficiency stable white light organic electroluminescent device, which sequentially comprises a transparent substrate, an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an exciton blocking layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer and a cathode from bottom to top, wherein the light emitting layer is of a three-layer structure and sequentially comprises a yellow phosphorescent layer, a spacing layer and a non-doped blue fluorescent layer from bottom to top; the yellow phosphorescent layer is formed by doping a yellow phosphorescent guest material with a green thermal activation delayed fluorescence host material.
In the white light organic electroluminescent device, the thermal activation delayed fluorescence main body material has very small singlet state and triplet state energy level difference, reverse system crossing from triplet state excitons to singlet state can be generated at room temperature, the concentration of triplet state excitons is reduced, the TTA process is slowed down, and the efficiency roll-off is reduced. In the white light device, singlet excitons are utilized by a blue fluorescent material to generate blue light, triplet excitons are utilized by a yellow phosphorescent material to generate yellow light, and the yellow light and the blue light are emitted complementarily to form white light, thereby realizing white light emission.
Furthermore, the thickness of the yellow phosphorescent layer is 0.1-30 nm, the thickness of the spacing layer is 1-10 nm, the thickness of the non-doped blue fluorescent material layer is 0.1-40 nm, and the thickness range of the rest layers is less than or equal to 40 nm.
Furthermore, the undoped blue fluorescent material is N, N-diphenyl-4- (10- (4- (1, 2-triphenylethylene) phenyl) anthracene-9-yl) aniline (TPAATPE, CN109608403A), is an excellent aggregation-induced luminescent material, and has high luminous efficiency and good stability.
Further, the spacer layer material is made of a cavity type 4,4' -cyclohexyl di [ N, N-di (4-methylphenyl) aniline](TAPC) and bis (2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -pyridine) beryllium (Bepp) in electronic form2) At least one of (1). The triplet state energy level of the spacer material is larger than that of the green thermal activation delayed fluorescence host material and the yellow phosphorescent guest material, so that the energy transfer between the fluorescence material and the phosphorescent material can be better prevented, and triplet state excitons and singlet state excitons generated by the device are effectively utilized, thereby ensuring the high efficiency of the device.
Further, the spacer layer material may be TAPC of hole type or Bepp of electron type2Or a combination of the two in any proportion; the invention fully tries the independent TAPC and Bepp2And TAPC: bepp2The mass and dosage ratio of (A) to (B) is 3: 7. 5: 5. 7: 3 the effect of spacers of different composition on the device effect.
Further, said green colorThe heat-activated delayed fluorescence host material is 10- (4- (diphenyl boron) phenyl) -10H-Phenothiazine (PTZMES)2B, front. chem.2019,7,373, compared to the traditional parent material, the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has very small singlet and triplet energy level difference, and can generate reverse system crossing from triplet exciton to singlet at room temperature, reduce the concentration of triplet exciton, slow down TTA process, and reduce efficiency roll-off. In addition, the material has excellent carrier transport capability, and can be used as a main body of bipolar transport to sensitize a phosphorescent material; and the triplet state energy level is larger than that of the red/yellow phosphorescent guest material, so that the energy return from the guest to the host can be prevented.
Further, the yellow phosphorescent guest material is (acetylacetone) bis [2- (thieno [3, 2-c ] pyridin-4-yl) phenyl ] iridium (III) (PO-01), has a low triplet level, and can better capture triplet excitons in the device, so that the efficiency of the device is improved; the light emitting layer is prepared by a host-guest doping technology, the light emitting layer preferably does not emit light by a host, excitons generated by recombination of electrons and holes in a thermally activated delayed fluorescent matrix material are utilized by a yellow phosphorescent material to generate yellow light, and the yellow light and blue light are emitted complementarily to form white light, so that bicolor white light emission is realized.
Furthermore, the doping amount of the phosphorescent yellow guest material is 0.1-30% of the mass sum of the host material and the guest material, and preferably 1-20%.
Further, the substrate is transparent conductive glass, the anode is Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), the hole injection layer is 2, 3, 6, 7,10, 11-hexacyano-1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12-Hexaazatriphenylene (HATCN), the hole transport layer is TAPC, and the exciton blocking layer is tris (4-carbazole-9-phenyl) amine (TCTA).
Furthermore, the cathode is an Al thin film, the electron injection layer is lithium fluoride (LiF), and the electron transport layer is 3, 3', 5,5 ' -4 (3-pyridyl) -1,1':3', 1' -terphenyl (BmPyPB).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the efficient and stable white light organic electroluminescent device, the aggregation-induced luminescent material with excellent performance is selected as the blue light layer, the high-efficiency thermal activation delayed fluorescent material is used as the main body, and the singlet excitons and the triplet excitons can be captured simultaneously to hybridize the phosphorescent guest material, so that the singlet excitons are utilized by the blue fluorescent material to generate blue light, and the triplet excitons are utilized by the phosphorescent material, so that the exciton utilization rate is improved, and the device performance is improved. The white organic electroluminescent device with simple structure and manufacture process, low cost, high efficiency and stability is prepared, and is beneficial to commercial application.
In addition, the structure and the material of the white organic electroluminescent device are optimized, and the white organic electroluminescent device with simple structure and manufacturing process, low cost, high efficiency and stability is prepared.
The raw materials mentioned in the invention are all commercially available or prepared according to known literature or patents, and the molecular structural formula is shown as follows:
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a white organic electroluminescent device according to embodiments 1 to 5;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the performance of the white organic electroluminescent device of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the performance of the white organic electroluminescent device of example 1 at different luminances;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the performance of the white organic electroluminescent device of example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the performance of the white organic electroluminescent device of example 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the performance of a yellow-white organic electroluminescent device of example 4;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the performance of a yellow organic electroluminescent device of example 5;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that the embodiments described are only a part of the experiments and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art should be able to make non-essential modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements of the present invention according to the above-mentioned disclosure within the protection scope of the present invention. The starting materials mentioned below are either commercially available or prepared according to known literature or patents, and the process steps and preparation methods not mentioned are those well known to the person skilled in the art.
Example 1
A white light organic electroluminescent device W1, the structure of the device W1 is: ITO/HATCN (5nm)/TAPC (35nm)/TCTA (5nm)/PTZMES2B:PO-01(12nm，10％)/TAPC:Bepp2(4nm，5：5)/TPAATPE(8nm)/BmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al。
First, the spacer layer TAPC was selected: bepp2The mass doping concentration ratio of (1) is 5: 5, TAPC of the hole type and Bepp of the electron type in the spacer layer2Each 50%. As shown in fig. 1, the structure of the device W1 is moved from bottom to top in the order of the following functional layers superimposed: a substrate, an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an exciton blocking layer, a yellow phosphorescent layer, a spacer layer, a blue fluorescent layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer and a cathode. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
preparing an ITO thin plate as an anode on the substrate conductive glass in a sputtering mode; and sequentially cleaning the ITO conductive glass with deionized water, isopropanol, acetone, toluene, acetone and isopropanol in an ultrasonic bath for 20 minutes respectively, and drying in an oven for later use. Treating the surface of the ITO glass in an ultraviolet ozone cleaning machine for 40 minutes, and then transferring the ITO glass into vacuum evaporation equipment; vacuum evaporating a hole injection layer HATCN on the anode ITO conductive glass, wherein the thickness of the hole injection layer HATCN is 5 nm; vacuum evaporating a hole transport layer TAPC (tantalum polycarbonate) on the HATCN, wherein the thickness of the hole transport layer TAPC is 35 nm; evaporating an exciton blocking layer TCTA on TAPC, wherein the thickness is 5 nm; on top of TCTA, a light emitting layer is evaporated: the luminescent layer is a yellow phosphor layer PTZMES2B：PO-01(12nm，PTZMes2B is a host fluorescent material, PO-01 is an object phosphorescent material, the mass doping concentration of the object material is 10%), and the spacing layer TAPC: bepp2(4nm, preliminary selection of TAPC: Bepp)2The mass doping concentration ratio of (1) is 5: 5) undoped blue light fluorescent layer TPAATPE (8 nm); an electron transport layer BmPyPB is evaporated on the luminescent layer, and the thickness is 40 nm; evaporating an electron injection layer LiF on the BmPyPB, wherein the thickness of the electron injection layer LiF is 1 nm; on LiF, a cathode Al is evaporated to a thickness of 100 nm.
The performance of the device W1 prepared as described above was tested, and fig. 2 is a performance diagram of the white organic electroluminescent device W1 of this example. As can be seen, when the spacer layer TAPC: bepp2The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 5: at 5, the efficiency of the device is very high, the maximum External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) is as high as 25.2%, and the CIE coordinates are (0.44 ), which is very efficient compared with the currently reported white light electroluminescent device. Moreover, the stability of the device is good, when the luminance is increased to 1000cd/m2The efficiency of the device only drops by 10%. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, when the luminance is from 384cd/m2Increased to 5211cd/m2When the CIE coordinates are changed from (0.44 ) to (0.43, 0.43), the device has high stability.
Example 2
The device structure and the preparation material of the white light device W1 were kept unchanged, and the spacer layer TAPC was changed: bepp2The white light device W2 was prepared, and the structure of the device was: ITO/HATCN (5nm)/TAPC (35nm)/TCTA (5nm)/PTZMES2B：PO-01(12nm，10％)/TAPC：Bepp2(4nm，7：3)/TPAATPE(8nm)/BmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al。
Fig. 4 is a performance diagram of the white organic electroluminescent device W2 according to the embodiment. Compared with the W1 device, the device ensures that PTZMES occupied by PO-012The mass doping concentration of B + PO-01 is 10 percent unchanged, and the Bepp of the electron transport layer is reduced2When TAPC: bepp2The mass ratio of (A) to (B) is 7: 3, the electron transfer capability of the spacing layer is reduced, so that the recombination region of excitons moves from the yellow layer to the blue layer, the triplet-state excitons are quenched, the efficiency of the device is reduced, the maximum EQE reaches 24.1%, and the CIE coordinates are (0.43 ).
Example 3
White light maintaining device W1, the device structure and the preparation material are unchanged, and the spacing layer TAPC is continuously changed: bepp2The white light device W3 is prepared according to the mass doping concentration ratio, and the structure of the device is as follows: ITO/HATCN (5nm)/TAPC (35nm)/TCTA (5nm)/PTZMES2B：PO-01(12nm，10％)/TAPC：Bepp2(4nm，1：0)/TPAATPE(8nm)/BmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al。
Fig. 5 is a performance diagram of the white organic electroluminescent device W3 according to the embodiment. Compared with the W1 device, the device ensures that PTZMES occupied by PO-012The mass doping concentration of B + PO-01 is 10 percent unchanged, and the Bepp of the electron transport layer is continuously reduced2When TAPC: bepp2The mass ratio of (1): 0, i.e., the spacer layer is composed of TAPC of the hole type. The electronic migration capability of the spacing layer is very weak, so that the recombination region of excitons moves from the yellow layer to the blue layer continuously, the triplet-state excitons are quenched seriously, the efficiency of the device is reduced, the maximum EQE is only 17.1%, and the CIE coordinates are (0.41 ). But at an illumination-related luminance of 1000cd m-2Next, the EQE of the device still remained at 16.8%, with little attenuation, indicating that the device still has high stability.
Example 4
The device structure and the preparation material of the white light device W1 were kept unchanged, and the spacer layer TAPC was continuously changed: bepp2The yellow-white light device W4 is prepared according to the mass doping concentration ratio, and the structure of the device is as follows: ITO/HATCN (5nm)/TAPC (35nm)/TCTA (5nm)/PTZMES2B：PO-01(12nm，10％)/TAPC：Bepp2(4nm，3：7)/TPAATPE(8nm)/BmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al。
As shown in fig. 6, when TAPC: bepp2The mass doping concentration ratio of (3): 7, due to the reduction of TAPC, the hole transport capability of the spacer layer is weakened, so that electrons can more easily reach the yellow layer, full utilization of excitons can be realized, the efficiency of the device is improved, the maximum EQE reaches 25.8%, but the CIE coordinates of the device are (0.48, 0.47), and are already in the yellow-white light region.
Example 5
The device structure and the preparation material of the white light device W1 were kept unchanged, and the spacer layer TAPC was continuously changed: bepp2The yellow light device W5 was prepared, and the structure of the device was: ITO/HATCN (5nm)/TAPC (35nm)/TCTA (5nm)/PTZMES2B：PO-01(12nm，10％)/TAPC：Bepp2(4nm，0：1)/TPAATPE(8nm)/BmPyPB(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al。
As shown in FIG. 7, since all of the spacers are Bepp2All triplet excitons are allowed to reach the yellow layer, resulting in almost no blue component, with CIE coordinates (0.49 ), which has deviated from the white region, but the efficiency of the device is at its highest, with an EQE of 27.1%.
The devices prepared in examples 4 and 5 almost only generated yellow light, and no blue light was generated, and thus the devices did not belong to white light devices. In conclusion, TAPC accounts for TAPC and Bepp2When the mass sum is 50-100%, the device provided by the invention can be prepared.
Detailed electroluminescent performance data for the devices of all examples of the invention are listed in table 1.
Table 1: electroluminescent property data of device 5W 1-W6
The above-described embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and non-essential modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A high-efficiency stable white organic electroluminescent device is characterized in that: the organic electroluminescent device comprises a transparent substrate, an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an exciton blocking layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer and a cathode in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the light emitting layer is of a three-layer structure and comprises a yellow phosphorescent layer, a spacing layer and a non-doped blue fluorescent layer in sequence from bottom to top; the yellow phosphorescent layer is formed by doping a yellow phosphorescent guest material by taking a green thermal activation delayed fluorescent material as a host, and the thickness of the yellow phosphorescent layer is 0.1-30 nm; the non-doped blue fluorescent material is N, N-diphenyl-4- (10- (4- (1, 2-triphenylethylene) phenyl) anthracene-9-yl) aniline, and the thickness of the non-doped blue fluorescent layer is 0.1-40 nm; the spacer layer material is composed of a cavity type 4,4' -cyclohexyl bis [ N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl) aniline ] and an electron type bis (2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -pyridine) beryllium, the 4,4' -cyclohexyl bis [ N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl) aniline ] accounts for 50-100% of the mass sum of the 4,4' -cyclohexyl bis [ N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl) aniline ] and the bis (2- (2-hydroxyphenyl) -pyridine) beryllium, and the thickness of the spacer layer is 1-10 nm; the green thermal activation delayed fluorescence host material is 10- (4- (diphenyl boron) phenyl) -10H-phenothiazine, the yellow phosphorescent guest material is (acetylacetone) bis [2- (thieno [3, 2-c ] pyridine-4-yl) phenyl ] iridium, and the doping amount of the yellow phosphorescent guest material is 0.1-30% of the mass sum of the green thermal activation delayed fluorescence host material and the yellow phosphorescent guest material.
2. A high efficiency stable white organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the doping amount of the yellow phosphorescent guest material is 1-20% of the sum of the mass of the green thermal activation delayed fluorescence host material and the mass of the yellow phosphorescent guest material.
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