CN110334726A - A kind of identification of the electric load abnormal data based on Density Clustering and LSTM and restorative procedure - Google Patents

A kind of identification of the electric load abnormal data based on Density Clustering and LSTM and restorative procedure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110334726A
CN110334726A CN201910331551.9A CN201910331551A CN110334726A CN 110334726 A CN110334726 A CN 110334726A CN 201910331551 A CN201910331551 A CN 201910331551A CN 110334726 A CN110334726 A CN 110334726A
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data
lstm
value
abnormal data
density clustering
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林珊
王红
齐林海
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North China Electric Power University
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North China Electric Power University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/23Clustering techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02Neural networks
    • G06N3/04Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
    • G06N3/045Combinations of networks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02Neural networks
    • G06N3/08Learning methods
    • G06N3/084Backpropagation, e.g. using gradient descent

Abstract

A method of the identification and reparation of the electric load abnormal data based on Density Clustering and LSTM belong to power quality analysis method and technology field.This method is identified and is repaired to abnormal data in such a way that density-based algorithms (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) and shot and long term Memory Neural Networks (Long Short-Term Memory) combine.First with DSCAN algorithm logarithm, day is that unit carries out Density Clustering to this method accordingly, obtains abnormal data;Followed by shot and long term Memory Neural Networks LSTM, it will be determined as that abnormal time series data as its input, predicts next sequence data using preceding n sequence data;Finally, the threshold value to float up and down is arranged using the predicted value of LSTM as exact value, if measured value exceeds threshold range, it is considered as exceptional value, and using the predicted value of LSTM as correction value.This method has fully considered the timing and regularity of electric energy quality monitoring system data in actual electric network, can precisely detect specific abnormal numerical value and repair, have good practical application value.

Description

A kind of identification and reparation of the electric load abnormal data based on Density Clustering and LSTM Method
Technical field
A method of the identification and reparation of the electric load abnormal data based on Density Clustering and LSTM belong to electric energy matter Analysis method technical field.
Background technique
With Chinese society rapid economic development, Living consumption is significantly improved, the load data amount in smart grid It is increasing.However, by the hardware devices such as transformer, smart grid test environment, parameter configuration and manual record fault etc. because Element influences, and always has some abnormal datas and occurs.These abnormal datas interfere data analysis, in some instances it may even be possible to bring the analysis of mistake As a result.For the accuracy for ensuring post analysis, before Develop Data analysis, need to carry out initial data disorder data recognition and It repairs.
The side that this method uses density-based algorithms and shot and long term Memory Neural Networks (LSTM) to combine for the first time Formula identifies abnormal data, this method fully considered in actual electric network the timing of electric energy quality monitoring system data and Regularity can precisely detect specific abnormal numerical value, while avoiding the extraction of conventional method manual features and being easy to happen information The problem of loss, has good recognition effect and practical application value.
Summary of the invention
The algorithm first automatically analyzes analysis and the area based process Hou Tai load data using DBSCAN algorithm, to one Annual data carries out Density Clustering as unit of day, obtains outlier therein, i.e. abnormal data;Then, it is cut using normal data It is disconnected that preceding 8 sequence datas is taken to predict next sequence data to train LSTM neural network;It will be determined as followed by LSTM different Normal time series data takes preceding 8 sequence datas to predict next sequence data as input, truncation;Finally, during processing Using the predicted value of LSTM as exact value, the threshold value to float up and down is set, and sentences to the corresponding measured value of its sequence data It is disconnected, if it exceeds threshold range, it is considered as exceptional value, and using the predicted value of LSTM as correction value, continuation is predicted backward, until Sequence data end of run.
Compared with prior art, the method for the present invention has the advantage that
1) present invention is using depth learning technology, it is possible to prevente effectively from traditional abnormal data identification is inefficient and accurate Rate is low;
2) anomalous identification density clustering algorithm can be according to cluster carrying out sample to load data using density clustering algorithm The Density Distribution difference automatic cluster of object in space is at different clusters, and as a result there is no bias and can be to arbitrary shape Dense data set clustered:
3) LSTM is suitble to study to have forward-backward correlation, successional time series data, can be responsible for by LSTM to load number It according to progress sample interior anomalous identification and is modified, accuracy rate greatly improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method model figure of the identification and reparation of Density Clustering and the electric load abnormal data of LSTM.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment:
DBSCAN clustering algorithm process
The design that density clustering algorithm of the present invention is realized is as follows:
(1) k-dist for calculating each point shows the variation tendency of k-dist with scatter plot in Excel, and determines half The value of diameter Eps;
(2) initialization data indicates that the point is not visited to the attribute of all data points setting unvisited;
(3) it is concentrated in all properties labeled as the point of unvisited, looks for a point p at random, and be marked as Visited checks whether the point is kernel object.If it is not, then marking p is noise spot, and from labeled as unvisited attribute Point concentration search out next point, until finding out core point;If so, the step of executing below.
(4) class (being denoted as C) is created, a Candidate Set Candidates is established.When initial, in Candidates only One element, that is, the kernel object that previous step is found;
(5) for each of Candidates object (being denoted as q), following operation is done:
1. if class C is added q is not gathered any one class also;
2. if q is kernel object, by its ∈-neighborhood, except when the point except the point of preceding class C is added Candidates;
3. if q is removed from noise set (because of certainly not noise) in noise set, by it;
4. if being labeled as visited the attribute of q is unvisited;
(6) circulation executes (5) step, until can not find kernel object in Candidates, this explanation it is current this Class is looked for completely.
(7) (3) step is returned, starts to look for next cluster.Until all points all become visited.
Above-mentioned density clustering algorithm is carried out to load data, inputs the data as unit of day, Density Clustering can export with Cluster is the data of unit, finds the data that only one in cluster is put, i.e. the noise spot of Density Clustering is exactly load abnormal data.
LSTM neural network
Neuron used in LSTM neural network model is more complex compared with for RNN, it contains 3 sigmoid Activation primitive and 2 tanh activation primitive modules, and tradition RNN only includes a tanh activation primitive module.LSTM model relates to And formula it is as follows:
ft=σ (ωf·[ht-1,xt]+bt) (1)
H in formula (1)t-1For the output at t-1 moment, xtFor the input of t moment, ωfT moment is reached with for the t-1 moment The weight and biasing that door is forgotten corresponding to neuron, obtain Forgetting coefficient f finally by sigmoid functiont
it=σ (ωi·[ht-1,xt]+bi) (2)
H in formula (2)t-1For the output at t-1 moment, xtFor the input of t moment, ωiAnd biT moment is reached for the t-1 moment Neuron corresponding to input gate weight and biasing, obtain input coefficient i finally by sigmoid functiont
H in formula (3)t-1For the output at t-1 moment, xtFor the input of t moment, ωcAnd bcT moment is reached for the t-1 moment Neuron corresponding to input data weight and biasing, obtain input data finally by tanh function
C in formula (4)tFor the updated cell state of t moment, value is equal to what previous moment was obtained by forgetting algorithm The data f retained in cell statet·Ct-1In addition the input data that t moment input gate determines
ot=σ (ωo·[ht-1,xt]+bo) (5)
It is the output at t-1 moment, x in formula (5)tFor the input of t moment, ωoAnd boThe mind of t moment is reached for the t-1 moment Weight and biasing through out gate corresponding to member obtain output factor o finally by sigmoid functiont
ht=ot·tanh(Ct) (6)
H in formula (6)tFor the output of t moment, CtFor the updated cell state of t moment, otGo out for what out gate calculated Output factor, pass through tanh (Ct), otValue can be obtained t moment output data ht
Before carrying out LSTM training, the training parameter of LSTM neural network is determined.The data chosen herein are DBSCAN The outlier that module identifies, i.e. abnormal data constantly choose preceding 8 data to 96 point datas that each abnormal data includes Input of the point as LSTM network, that is, the length of time series that input is arranged is 8, and input dimension is set as 1, output dimension setting It is 1, the unit number in hidden layer is set as 10.The training process of LSTM neural network is such as RNN and backpropagation Algorithm mainly has following three steps:
1) output valve of each neuron of forward calculation, for LSTM, i.e. ft、it、Ct、ot、htThe value of five vectors. Shown in calculation method such as above formula (1)-(6).
2) value of the error term of each neuron of retrospectively calculate.As RNN, the backpropagation of LSTM error term is also packet Include both direction: one is that backpropagation along the time calculates the error term at each moment that is, since current t moment;One It is to propagate error term upper layer.The backpropagation formula of model is by taking out gate weight, biasing as an example, the formula of other coefficients And so on:
3) according to corresponding error term, the gradient of each weight is calculated.δotIt is the correspondence error of propagated forward out gate , e is by element multiplication, and weight, the more new formula of biasing are as follows:
Wherein η is learning rate, and tanh is hyperbolic tangent function.L is loss function, when the loss function of network structure is received When holding back smaller range, just obtain with normal load data training LSTM neural network.Abnormal time series data is inputted LSTM Neural network predicts next sequence data using preceding 8 sequence datas, the data and actual measurement number that LSTM neural network prediction goes out According to being compared, a threshold value to float up and down is set, if predicted value and the difference of measured value exceed threshold range, depending on actual measurement Data are exceptional value, and using the predicted value of LSTM neural network as correction value, continuation is predicted forward, until sequence data is run Terminate.
The present invention solves abnormal number using in conjunction with the approach of density clustering algorithm and shot and long term Memory Neural Networks to find The moving law for meeting power grid according to problem is a kind of effectively detection method.The present invention is suitably applied in the inspection of abnormal data It surveys with reparation, there is good identification value and application effect.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of identification based on the electric load abnormal data based on Density Clustering and LSTM and the method repaired.Its feature exists In the specific steps of this method are as follows:
Step 1: input data is normalized;
Step 2: dividing the label of normal data and abnormal data using DSCAN algorithm automatically, i.e. the data progress to 1 year is close Degree cluster (as unit of day), obtains outlier, i.e., abnormal data point (includes one day all Temporal Sampling point);
Step 3: constructing shot and long term Memory Neural Networks LSTM, and the abnormal data exported in step 2 is defeated as the timing of LSTM Enter, it is 1 that optimal output neuron number, which is arranged, i.e., constantly inputs LSTM using preceding 8 sequence datas, predict next sequence number According to;
Step 4: using the predicted value of each time phase of LSTM as exact value, the threshold value to float up and down is set, to the sequence number The corresponding measured value in strong point judged, if it exceeds threshold range, is considered as exceptional value, and using the predicted value of LSTM as repairing Positive value, continuation are predicted forward, until one day all sequences data run terminates.
2. a kind of identification based on based on Density Clustering and the electric load abnormal data of LSTM according to claim 1 with The method of reparation, which is characterized in that data prediction described in step 1, the voltage dip original waveform data that will acquire, which is done, returns One change processing, method for normalizing used are that min-max standardizes (Min-max normalization)/0-1 standardization (0-1 Normalization it) also makes deviation standardize, is the linear transformation to initial data, result is made to fall on [0,1] section, convert Function is as follows:
Wherein max is the maximum value of sample data, and min is the minimum value of sample data.
3. a kind of identification based on based on Density Clustering and the electric load abnormal data of LSTM according to claim 1 with The method of reparation, which is characterized in that step 2 carries out Density Clustering (as unit of day) to 1 year data, obtains outlier i.e. Abnormal data.
4. a kind of identification based on based on Density Clustering and the electric load abnormal data of LSTM according to claim 1 with The method of reparation, which is characterized in that step 3, can be according to preceding 8 point predictions using normal data training LSTM network Next point out.
5. a kind of identification based on based on Density Clustering and the electric load abnormal data of LSTM according to claim 1 with The method of reparation, which is characterized in that step 4 goes out electric load abnormal data and repair using LSTM neural network recognization.
CN201910331551.9A 2019-04-24 2019-04-24 A kind of identification of the electric load abnormal data based on Density Clustering and LSTM and restorative procedure Pending CN110334726A (en)

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CN111061714A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-04-24 清华大学 Timestamp repairing method and device
CN111160603A (en) * 2019-11-21 2020-05-15 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Method and system for guaranteeing reliability of end-to-end power communication service
CN111260198A (en) * 2020-01-10 2020-06-09 广东电网有限责任公司 Method and system for judging degree of rationality of line loss in transformer area synchronization and terminal equipment
CN111461400A (en) * 2020-02-28 2020-07-28 国网浙江省电力有限公司 Load data completion method based on Kmeans and T-L STM
CN111582542A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-08-25 国网上海市电力公司 Power load prediction method and system based on abnormal restoration
CN111667135A (en) * 2020-03-25 2020-09-15 国网天津市电力公司 Load structure analysis method based on typical feature extraction
CN111738364A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-10-02 国网江西省电力有限公司供电服务管理中心 Electricity stealing detection method based on combination of user load and electricity consumption parameter
CN112235043A (en) * 2020-09-14 2021-01-15 上海大学 Distributed optical fiber abnormal data restoration model based on self-adaptive long-term and short-term memory
CN112506899A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-16 东华理工大学 PM2.5 data abnormal value detection method based on improved LSTM
CN112712189A (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-04-27 北京市热力集团有限责任公司 Heat supply demand load prediction method
CN112733417A (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-04-30 南京邮电大学 Abnormal load data detection and correction method and system based on model optimization
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CN113205134A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-03 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 Network security situation prediction method and system
CN113485986A (en) * 2021-06-25 2021-10-08 国网江苏省电力有限公司信息通信分公司 Electric power data restoration method
CN113554229A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-10-26 国网青海省电力公司信息通信公司 Three-phase voltage unbalance abnormality detection method and device
CN113554079A (en) * 2021-07-14 2021-10-26 中国地质大学(北京) Electric power load abnormal data detection method and system based on secondary detection method
CN113780691A (en) * 2020-06-09 2021-12-10 富泰华工业(深圳)有限公司 Data testing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium
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CN111160603A (en) * 2019-11-21 2020-05-15 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Method and system for guaranteeing reliability of end-to-end power communication service
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