CN110333319A - The interior ppb grades of low concentration oder levels evaluation methods based on hand-hold electric nasus - Google Patents
The interior ppb grades of low concentration oder levels evaluation methods based on hand-hold electric nasus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The interior ppb grades of low concentration oder levels evaluation methods based on hand-hold electric nasus that the present invention relates to a kind of, include the following steps: to design the enrichment module based on adsorbent adsorption-desorption principle, enrichment module and electronic nose detection module integrate composition electronics nasal devices；Different types of interior gas is collected as under test gas；Make the oder levels label of under test gas；Under test gas is enriched with and is detected；The evaluation of low concentration in-car smell is carried out, noise reduction, filtering, normalization pretreatment operation first are carried out to electronic nose detection data, then every sensor response curve takes multiple characteristic values, and every group of data include multiple characteristic values and corresponding oder levels label；Low concentration in-car smell evaluation model is established by the method for machine learning.
Description
Technical field
The evaluation with enrichment function hand-hold electric nasus and interior low concentration mixing oder levels that the present invention relates to a kind of
Method.
Background technique
Have oneself with the fast development of auto industry, more and more families as people's living standard is increasingly improved
Automobile.But the rapid expanding of family car production capacity also brings some problems, and outside the problems such as removing burn oil, off-axis, vehicle
Interior peculiar smell also starts the concern by consumer and related quality testing department.The main component of in-car smell is volatile organic matter
(volatile organic compounds,VOCs).New in-car decorations, which emit bad smell, has potential danger to the health of people
Evil.Therefore, the in-car smell grade evaluation method based on the smell instrument such as electronic nose has important researching value and practical meaning
Justice.
Currently, the application range of electronic nose is concentrated mainly on agriculture and forestry, food, drinks, teas etc., almost few people will
It is applied in automotive field, and main cause is the inspection of the common metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) of electronic nose (MOS) type gas sensor
Surveying lower limit can only achieve ppm (parts per million) rank, and the concentration of in-car smell is usually ppb (parts per
Billion) magnitude, so will appear the case where MOS electronic nose does not respond to.Therefore need to first pass through enriching apparatus for ppb grades
The smell of concentration reuses electronic nose after being concentrated to ppm grades and is detected.Currently, the evaluation method for in-car smell is main
There are two types of: one, related personnel by professional training carry out subjective assessment, and every valuation officer provides master after having heard in-car smell
The shortcomings that sight oder levels, the method, is larger for each valuation officer's otherness, there is also olfactory fatigue etc., in addition smells for a long time
Hear the health for being also possible to endanger people；Two, it by the large-scale gas analysis instrument of profession, can more accurately analyze
The various composition of gas, but such equipment instrument is big, at high cost, and use process is cumbersome, is not suitable for the quick of in-car smell
Detection.So establishing a set of low concentration in-car smell grade evaluation side based on the hand-hold electric nasus system with enrichment function
Method, the problem of not only having can solve electronic nose Monitoring lower-cut, but also that mankind valuation officer and large-scale gas analysis instrument can be replaced to carry out is quick
Detection and evaluation.
(Rivai M, the TalakuaE L.The implementation of preconcentrator in such as Rivai
electronic nose system to identify low concentration of vapors using neural
Network method [C] .International Conference on Information.IEEE, 2015.) it is based on
TenaxGR adsorbent has developed preconcentrator, so that electric nasus system is had higher sensitivity, and electronic nose is succeeded
Distinguish the VOC gas such as ethyl alcohol, benzene and the acetone of low concentration in ground.The method realizes enriching apparatus cooperation electronic nose detection low concentration
VOCs gas, but the program only identifies different single VOC gas, without specific odor evaluations method.
(Xu Yaozong, Cui Chen, Tong Liping, etal. are used for the portable electronic of vehicle material VOC on-line analysis to Xu Yaozong etc.
Nose designs [J] automotive practical technology, 2017 (23): 14-16.) utilize the VOC of photoionization detector (PID) and autonomous Design
Acquisition device forms the VOC emission of electronic nose device analysis product to be measured, and provides the real-time concentration of VOC in sample to be tested.
This method is only able to detect total VOC concentration, response message and relevant odor evaluations method without mos sensor array,
And PID equipment price is more expensive.
Patent 201611176760.3 (a kind of detection method and detection system of automobile smell, Shenzhen north detection technique
Co., Ltd) grade smelt the personnel of distinguishing and detect interior sample gas by the method for subjective judgement of training is first passed around, so
Afterwards using the interior sample gas after the subjective assessment of electronic nose detection and analysis, and odor data model is established, is finally based on
The odor data model evaluates in-car smell, forms the detection method and evaluation system of a set of automobile smell.It should
The method that patent proposes can only detect ppm grades of in-car smell, can not comment ppb grades of low concentration car gas
Valence, and the patent and be not known and introduce evaluation method.
Patent 201620943180.1 (a kind of electronic nose wound pathogen device for fast detecting of combination gas concentration, petty official
Merit great waves) a kind of gas concentration unit for electric nasus system is had developed, and electric nasus system is improved to wound pathogen
Separating capacity.Carbopack TM B and Tenax GR mixed adsorbent are loaded inside its adsorption tube, and pass through six hole two-phase valves
Control the switching of gas circuit.The electronic nose of the gas concentration unit of the patent introduction and its laboratory independent development is for pathogen
It distinguishes, there is no the fields for being applied to in-car smell detection, also do not introduce relevant odor evaluations method.
In conclusion enriching apparatus is able to ascend the detection performance of electronic nose, solve that electronic nose Monitoring lower-cut is insufficient to ask
Topic, in-car smell evaluation method is the essential content in automobile interior decoration odor detection field, therefore the hand with enrichment function
Holding formula electronic nose low concentration in-car smell grade evaluation method has very important meaning to the detection work of low concentration in-car smell
Justice.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention is based on the hand-hold electric nasus with enrichment function to give a kind of effect
Stabilization, quickly and accurately in-car smell evaluation method.Technical solution is as follows:
This patent devises the enrichment module based on adsorbent adsorption-desorption principle, and the method for desorption is heating.Gas
Body enrichment with electronic nose sampling process include six stages: the cryogenic absorption stage, closed Restoration stage, the heating desorption stage,
Electronic nose detection-phase, adsorption tube wash phase, cooling Restoration stage.Enrichment module is integrated with electronic nose detection module
Electronics nasal devices are formed, and are encapsulated by tool housing, have many advantages, such as that small in size, light-weight, detection speed is fast, and can be real
The detection of existing ppb grades of low concentration car gas.
A kind of interior ppb grades of low concentration oder levels evaluation methods based on hand-hold electric nasus, including the following steps:
(1) enrichment module based on adsorbent adsorption-desorption principle is designed, the method for desorption is heating, gas enrichment
It include six stages: cryogenic absorption stage, closed Restoration stage, heating desorption stage, electronic nose with electronic nose sampling process
Detection-phase, adsorption tube wash phase, cooling Restoration stage, enrichment module and electronic nose detection module integrate composition electricity
Sub- nasal devices.
(2) different types of interior gas is collected as under test gas；It is more in the case where not knowing oder levels in advance
Name has received Odor Evaluations person's smelling under test gas of professional smell training and has provided oder levels respectively；Then by Odor Evaluations person
The oder levels of the every bag of gas provided are handled, and as the oder levels label of under test gas, under test gas at this time is
Low concentration under test gas with oder levels label；
(3) under test gas is enriched with and is detected；The odorous grade label of air pump extraction belt of enrichment module it is low dense
Under test gas is spent, gas passes through adsorption tube, and target substance is adsorbed by adsorbent；Cryogenic absorption stage and closed Restoration stage terminate
Afterwards, adsorption tube is quickly heated, the adsorbent in adsorption tube is heated desorption, and target substance volatilization is empty full of enrichment module gas circuit
Between；After the heating desorption stage running of enrichment module, electronic nose brings into operation, into electronic nose detection-phase, this
When electronics nasal inhalation gas be high concentrations of gas after enrichment, and obtain sensor array corresponding with oder levels label
Column response curve；Enrichment module whole system end of run after over cleaning and cooling link；
(4) evaluation of low concentration in-car smell is carried out, noise reduction, filtering, normalization first are carried out in advance to electronic nose detection data
Processing operation, then every sensor response curve takes multiple characteristic values, and every group of data include multiple characteristic values and corresponding gas
Taste grade label；Low concentration in-car smell evaluation model is established by the method for machine learning.
The present invention has the advantage that due to taking above technical scheme
[1] Monitoring lower-cut is low, high sensitivity.Enrichment module is able to ascend the concentration of under test gas, by ppb rank to be measured
The concentration of gas is promoted to ppm rank, to reach the Monitoring lower-cut of electronic nose, solve traditional electronic nose be difficult to detect it is low
The problem of concentration VOCs gas.
[2] quickly, this has, and the hand-hold electric nasus system of enrichment function is small in size, light-weight, can for good portability, detection
It carries to car and is used for quickly detecting.
[3] hand-hold electric nasus system with enrichment function cooperates above-mentioned low concentration in-car smell grade evaluation method
Artificial evaluation can be replaced, manpower and material resources is not only alleviated, but also ensured the health of Odor Evaluations person, avoids by more
The erosion of VOCs gas.
[4] the in-car smell grade evaluation method can make electronic nose instrument have Odor Evaluations ability identical with people,
Working performance is outstanding.
[5] the in-car smell grade evaluation method stability is good, and evaluation result is objective, reliable, avoids mankind's smell and comments
Phenomena such as olfactory fatigue that valence person occurs.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 has the hand-hold electric nasus schematic diagram of enrichment function
Fig. 2 under test gas enrichment front and back electronic nose response curve comparison diagram
Fig. 3 has the hand-hold electric nasus in-car smell grade evaluation method flow chart of enrichment function
The structure of Fig. 4 neural network model of performance appraisal
1 in-car smell grade evaluation criterion of table
Table 1
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.Embodiment is with technical side of the present invention
The specific implementation carried out premised on case gives detailed embodiment and process.But claims hereof protection scope
It is not only restricted to the description of following embodiments.
Technology path of the invention is illustrated first:
This patent devises the enrichment module based on adsorbent adsorption-desorption principle, and the method for desorption is heating.Gas
Body enrichment with electronic nose sampling process include six stages: the cryogenic absorption stage, closed Restoration stage, the heating desorption stage,
Electronic nose detection-phase, adsorption tube wash phase, cooling Restoration stage.Enrichment module is integrated with electronic nose detection module
Electronics nasal devices are formed, and are encapsulated by tool housing, have many advantages, such as that small in size, light-weight, detection speed is fast, and can be real
The detection of existing ppb grades of low concentration car gas.
Firstly, collecting different types of interior gas as under test gas by sampler bag.Smell etc. is not being known in advance
In the case where grade, the several Odor Evaluations person's smelling under test gas for having received professional smell training simultaneously provide oder levels respectively.So
The oder levels for every bag of gas that Odor Evaluations person provides are handled afterwards, the oder levels label as the under test gas.
Meanwhile in order to avoid olfactory fatigue occurs in professional Odor Evaluations person, the every smelling of Odor Evaluations person needs to rest one after gas several times
The section time.
Secondly, being enriched with and being detected under test gas.The odorous grade label of air pump extraction belt of enrichment module it is low
Concentration under test gas, gas pass through adsorption tube, and target substance is adsorbed by adsorbent.Cryogenic absorption stage and closed Restoration stage knot
Shu Hou quickly heats adsorption tube, and the adsorbent in adsorption tube is heated desorption, and target substance volatilization is empty full of enrichment module gas circuit
Between.After the heating desorption stage running of enrichment module, electronic nose brings into operation, into electronic nose detection-phase, this
When electronics nasal inhalation gas be high concentrations of gas after enrichment, and obtain sensor array corresponding with oder levels label
Column response curve.The problem of electronic nose Monitoring lower-cut deficiency must be to solve in this way, and enrichment module is through over cleaning and cooling link
Whole system end of run later.
Finally, the evaluation of low concentration in-car smell is carried out, after obtaining lot of experimental data, first to electronic nose detection data
Noise reduction, filtering, normalization pretreatment operation are carried out, then every sensor response curve takes multiple characteristic values, so every group of number
According to including multiple characteristic values and corresponding oder levels label.The evaluation of low concentration in-car smell is established by the method for machine learning
Model, the in-car smell that trained evaluation model can be such that the electric nasus system possesses as professional Odor Evaluations person are evaluated
Ability.
It is interior low dense when being detected using the hand-hold electric nasus system with enrichment function by the training of the above method
When spending smell, which can export oder levels identical with professional Odor Evaluations person.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of gas circuit of the hand-hold electric nasus with enrichment function.Enrichment module mainly includes air pump, absorption
Pipe, solenoid valve, heating module, cooling module, adsorption tube are the core components of enrichment module, what adsorbent was selected be active carbon and
The adsorption range of Tenax-TA mixed adsorbent, mixed adsorbent is wider, and absorption property is more preferable.The size of adsorption tube is diameter
6mm, length 100mm, material are stainless steel.Heating module is for enrichment module in the heating desorption stage by the temperature in adsorption tube
Degree is increased to specified value, so that target substance desorption is come out, meanwhile, heating module is also used for the cleaning rank of enrichment module
Section.Cooling of the cooling module for enrichment module restores link, and the room temperature that the adsorption tube under 250 DEG C of states drops to 20 DEG C is only needed
Want 2min.Driving circuit uses 7 relays for driving 4 solenoid valves, 1 air pump, 1 heating module and 1 cooling
Module.The display screen of instrument is capable of the temperature and system operation time of real-time display adsorption tube.The gas outlet of enrichment module with
The air intake of electronic nose detection module is connected, while connection communication line, realizes the cooperation of enrichment module and electronic nose detection module,
When being enriched with completion, the high concentrations of gas in enrichment module is extracted into gas chamber by the air pump of electronic nose, obtains sensor array
Then response signal carries out Odor Evaluations.
It is the electronic nose of independent development used in the invention, mainly includes gas chamber (including gas sensor array), electricity
Source, air pump, LCD screen, BBB control panel, driving expansion board etc..The core of electronics nasal devices is gas sensor array, altogether
Comprising 8 metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, be respectively as follows: MiCS5524, CCS801, TGS2600, TGS2603,
TGS8100,MP801,TGS2602,SP3S.Detection is completed automatically to save the response data of 8 gas sensors at csv text
Part, the response curve of real-time display sensor array, and being capable of online recognition.
The operational process of hand-hold electric nasus system with enrichment function are as follows: (1) cryogenic absorption opens air pump 1 and electricity
Magnet valve 1 and 2 closes solenoid valve 3 and 4, and under test gas passes through adsorption tube with certain flow velocity under room temperature state, the mesh in gas
Mark substance is retained in adsorption tube；(2) all solenoid valves are closed in closed recovery, the static 0.5min under room temperature state；(3)
Closed heating makes temperature in adsorption tube be quickly ramped up to 200 DEG C, the target substance in adsorbent is pyrolyzed suction using heating module；
(4) electronic nose detects, opens solenoid valve 3 and 4, closes solenoid valve 1 and 2, and air pump 2 will just be pyrolyzed the high concentration substance sucked out
It is drawn into electronic nose gas chamber, the gas after sensor array and enrichment in gas chamber comes into full contact with, and electronic nose detects enrichment
The data of gas afterwards；(5) temperature of adsorption tube is increased to 250 DEG C, is then turned on air pump 1 and solenoid valve 2 and 3 by HIGH TEMPERATURE PURGE,
Solenoid valve 1 and 4 is closed, adsorption tube is cleaned, while also opening air pump 2 and cooperating two-bit triplet solenoid valve to electronic nose gas chamber
It is cleaned；(6) cooling restores, and cooling module is controlled after cleaning and is cooled down to adsorption tube, when adsorption tube is reduced to room temperature
When enrichment process terminate.
The hand-hold electric nasus in-car smell grade evaluation method with enrichment function is described in detail below, Fig. 3 is shown
The flow chart of this method, mainly including the following steps: (1) collect under test gas, in order to obtain a large amount of experimental data
Electronic nose detection training is carried out, needs to take gas from the different types of new car of a large amount of different brands, uses the gentle pumping of sampler bag
The gas in new car is taken, and is sealed.(2) 5 Odor Evaluations person's smelling under test gas for having received professional training are needed
Subjective assessment is provided according to oder levels evaluation table shown in table 1 afterwards.The grade for not knowing under test gas in advance, so they smell
How smell is not known before hearing experimental gas, more ensure that the accuracy of evaluation in this way.5 professional Odor Evaluations person's smellings
It provides subjective oder levels after experimental gas, and the subjective oder levels of 5 people is averaged as every bag of gas
Grade label.Every rest 1min after having heard 5 bags of gases, the phenomenon that avoiding the occurrence of olfactory fatigue.(3) using has enrichment function
Hand-hold electric nasus system test experience under test gas.Firstly, the air pump of enrichment module, which extracts under test gas, passes through enrichment mode
The adsorption tube of block, the adsorbent in adsorption tube adsorb the target substance in gas.Then, by closed recovery and heating desorption
Follower ring section, the target substance in adsorbent, which is pyrolyzed, to be sucked out, full of entire absorption tube space.Finally, electronic nose detects richness
Gas after collection obtains the response data of sensor array.It is enriched with testing number of the electronic nose to low concentration under test gas of front and back
According to as shown in Fig. 2, enrichment module is very big to the promotion of electronic nose Monitoring lower-cut, electronic nose is before enrichment almost without response
In the case of, there is higher response in electronic nose after enrichment.The electronic nose response data of under test gas after enrichment is commented with subjectivity
The oder levels label of valence is corresponding.(4) lot of experimental data is acquired according to the method described above, and every group of experimental data includes that electronic nose passes
Sensor array response and corresponding grade label.For the ease of neural metwork training shown in Fig. 4, experimental data is carried out first
The data preprocessing operations such as noise reduction, filtering, normalization.Then feature extraction is carried out, 5 are extracted to sensor array response curve
Feature is difference, first differential maximum value, the corresponding value of first differential maximum value, first differential minimum value, second-order differential respectively
Maximum value.Neural network classifier is established, input layer there are 40 inputs, has respectively corresponded the data of electronic nose detection are extracted 40
A characteristic value, hidden layer include 10 nodes, and output layer includes 6 outputs, 6 of corresponding in-car smell setting it is different etc.
The excitation function of grade, hidden layer and output layer is Softmax function,
Wherein, SjIndicate currentElement index and all elements index and ratio, i.e. the output of Softmax function
Value, ViIt is the output of classifier prime output unit, i indicates that classification index, C are total classification number.Use a large amount of experiment
Data are trained neural network, and are optimized by gradient descent method to neural network,
Wherein, θjIndicate independent variable parameter, i.e. optimization coordinate position, α is Studying factors, and θ indicates to need to solve undetermined
Coefficient, x(i)Indicate all x of the i-th row, hθ(x(i)) indicate all x of the i-th row multiplied by the value after θ, y(i)Indicate the i-th row pair
The true y value answered, J (θ) expression enable the smallest function of variance.Trained neural network car low concentration Odor Evaluations model
The in-car smell that the hand-hold electric nasus system with enrichment function can be made to possess as professional Odor Evaluations person is evaluated
Ability.
When detecting the smell of new in-car decorations, the hand-hold electric nasus just as Odor Evaluations person, " news " once get off in
Smell, it will be able to which the grade by the way that the smell is calculated is evaluated, to judge whether the in-car smell is qualified.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of interior ppb grades of low concentration oder levels evaluation methods based on hand-hold electric nasus, including the following steps:
(1) enrichment module based on adsorbent adsorption-desorption principle is designed, the method for desorption is heating, gas enrichment and electricity
Sub- nose sampling process includes six stages: cryogenic absorption stage, closed Restoration stage, heating desorption stage, electronic nose detection
Stage, adsorption tube wash phase, cooling Restoration stage, enrichment module and electronic nose detection module integrate composition electronic nose
Device.
(2) different types of interior gas is collected as under test gas；In the case where not knowing oder levels in advance, it is several by
It crosses Odor Evaluations person's smelling under test gas of professional smell training and provides oder levels respectively；Then Odor Evaluations person is provided
The oder levels of every bag of gas handled, as the oder levels label of under test gas, under test gas at this time be with
The low concentration under test gas of oder levels label；
(3) under test gas is enriched with and is detected；The low concentration of the odorous grade label of air pump extraction belt of enrichment module waits for
Gas is surveyed, gas passes through adsorption tube, and target substance is adsorbed by adsorbent；After cryogenic absorption stage and closed Restoration stage,
Adsorption tube is quickly heated, the heated desorption of the adsorbent in adsorption tube, target substance volatilization is full of enrichment module gas circuit space；When
After the heating desorption stage running of enrichment module, electronic nose brings into operation, into electronic nose detection-phase, electronics at this time
The gas of nasal inhalation is the high concentrations of gas after enrichment, and obtains sensor array response corresponding with oder levels label
Curve；Enrichment module whole system end of run after over cleaning and cooling link；
(4) evaluation of low concentration in-car smell is carried out, noise reduction, filtering, normalization pretreatment first are carried out to electronic nose detection data
Operation, then every sensor response curve takes multiple characteristic values, and every group of data include multiple characteristic values and corresponding smell etc.
Grade label；Low concentration in-car smell evaluation model is established by the method for machine learning.
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| CN110794090A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-14 | 天津大学 | Emotion electronic nose implementation method |
| CN110940773A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-31 | 苏州慧闻纳米科技有限公司 | Processing method for response and recovery curve of odor in refrigerator |
| CN111007176A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 冲之智能科技(天津)有限公司 | In-vehicle odor grade evaluation method based on gas chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry |
| CN112285296A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-01-29 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile interior part smell evaluation method based on electronic nose |
| CN112881616A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江清华长三角研究院 | Electronic nose device for monitoring vehicle-mounted food quality |
| WO2021159255A1 (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-19 | 华测检测认证集团股份有限公司 | Vehicle interior component material odor assessment reference sample preparation and use methods |
| CN114199861A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-18 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Electronic nose and method for detecting low-concentration water-containing gas |
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| CN114487036A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-13 | 海宁微纳芯传感技术有限公司 | MEMS gas sensor with gas enrichment function and working method thereof |
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| CN110794090A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-14 | 天津大学 | Emotion electronic nose implementation method |
| CN110940773A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-31 | 苏州慧闻纳米科技有限公司 | Processing method for response and recovery curve of odor in refrigerator |
| CN111007176A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 冲之智能科技(天津)有限公司 | In-vehicle odor grade evaluation method based on gas chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry |
| WO2021159255A1 (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-19 | 华测检测认证集团股份有限公司 | Vehicle interior component material odor assessment reference sample preparation and use methods |
| CN112285296A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-01-29 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile interior part smell evaluation method based on electronic nose |
| EP4024399A1 (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-07-06 | Aryballe | Early odor detection |
| WO2022144385A1 (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-07-07 | Aryballe | Early odor detection |
| CN112881616A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江清华长三角研究院 | Electronic nose device for monitoring vehicle-mounted food quality |
| CN114199861A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-18 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Electronic nose and method for detecting low-concentration water-containing gas |
| CN114199861B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2024-04-26 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Electronic nose and method for detecting low-concentration water-containing gas |
| CN114487036A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-13 | 海宁微纳芯传感技术有限公司 | MEMS gas sensor with gas enrichment function and working method thereof |
| CN114324781A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-04-12 | 中汽研汽车零部件检验中心(宁波)有限公司 | Intelligent sniffing method and system |
| CN114324781B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-12-02 | 中汽研汽车零部件检验中心(宁波)有限公司 | Intelligent sniffing method and system |
| CN115047145A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-13 | 吉林大学 | Vehicle-mounted detector for electronic nose combination of enricher |
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