CN110333071A - A kind of mechanical oscillation signal processing method using narrowband Cepstrum Transform - Google Patents
A kind of mechanical oscillation signal processing method using narrowband Cepstrum Transform Download PDFInfo
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/021—Gearings
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
A kind of mechanical oscillation signal processing method using narrowband Cepstrum Transform includes the following steps: the mechanical oscillation signal x (t) of A, collection period movement；B, spectrum analysis is carried out to vibration signal x (t), obtains the frequency spectrum X (f) of signal；C, the logarithm for seeking frequency spectrum X (f), obtain the log spectrum of signal: D, the narrowband Cepstrum Transform carried out to the log spectrum Lx (f) of signal obtain the narrowband frequency-cepstrum of signal.The identical sideband components for being distributed in different frequency bands can be accurately distinguished using the method for the present invention, and then gear teeth failure and imbalance fault are distinguished and positioned.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically to pass through the invention belongs to the mechanical equipment monitoring, diagnosing technical field based on Vibration Monitoring, Analyzing
" frequency-reciprocal frequency transformation " of vibration monitoring signal realizes gear-driven combined failure localization method.
Background technique
Speed-changing gear box drive mechanism is widely applied in the rotating machinery in many fields, such as double-fed wind generator machine
Group, automobile gearbox, machining tool, hoisting machinery, marine engine, steel plate hot milling train etc..Speed-changing gear box is rotating machinery
The high-incidence component of failure in equipment, the rotating parts such as gear Meshing Pair, bearing especially in gearbox in operation by
Alternating load, impact loading, easily break down, and influence the security reliability operation of whole set equipment.Speed-changing gear box fortune
The main method of row health status is vibration monitoring method, when the components such as gear, bearing start to break down, failure is caused to connect
The load change of contact portion position generates additional incentive to structure, changes so as to cause structural vibration response, pass through monitoring of structures
Fault diagnosis may be implemented in vibration variation.
Gear, bearing component failure essential characteristic be generate periodically it is excited by impact, cause structure generate modulation
Vibration forms operating parameter and the relevant sideband components of structure feature, including axis speed side in the frequency spectrum of vibration signal
Band ingredient, bearing features frequency band ingredient etc..In currently used analysis of vibration signal method, cepstrum analysis is a kind of knowledge
The method of other sideband components does Fourier's change to the log spectrum of signal by carrying out down frequency-domain transform to signal spectrum again
It changes, the sideband components in signal spectrum is subjected to energy concentration in scramble domain, form single peak value, it can effective identification signal frequency
All side informations present in spectrum realize fault diagnosis.
But there are the following problems for cepstrum analysis: the sideband components in signal spectrum with identical frequency interval may divide
Cloth reflects different fault signatures in different frequency bands.Such as the sideband components that gear distress generates concentrate on gear pair engagement
Frequency two sides, shaft imbalance fault are distributed near transmission system rank intrinsic frequency.The corresponding sideband frequency of two class failures
It is identical with inverted frequency, but since cepstrum only has the information of inverted frequency (time), without frequency information, therefore cannot distinguish between
The same frequency sideband components of different frequency bands.
CN103471848A patent application provides a kind of axis of rolling based on independent component analysis and scramble spectral theory
Hold fault signature extracting method.Bearing vibration acceleration test signal is obtained using acceleration transducer；Using based on negative
The FastICA of entropy maximization carries out decoupling separation to vibration acceleration test signal；Therefrom choosing most can characterization failure feature letter
The separation signal of breath；Cepstrum analysis is carried out to separation signal is selected, and makes scramble spectrogram；Whether observation scramble spectrogram is deposited
There are apparent peak values at fault characteristic frequency or its frequency multiplication, and then judge whether rolling bearing breaks down.The invention energy
Enough characteristic informations by rolling bearing fault signal are effectively identified from complicated side frequency band signal, but the invention does not have
Establish two-dimensional frequency-frequency-domain function.
CN104006961A patent application provides the cycloid bevel gears failure based on empirical mode decomposition and cepstrum
Diagnostic method, this method comprises: 1, using acceleration transducer cycloid bevel gears pair is measured, acquisition acceleration vibration letter
Number be used as signal to be analyzed；2, the signal of acquisition is imported in Matlab, obtains original signal, utilizes empirical mode decomposition
(EMD) original signal is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) component by method；3, to former rank intrinsic mode functions point
Amount carries out cepstrum analysis, obtains its amplitude cepstrum；4, amplitude cepstrum is drawn out using the drawing tool of Matlab software
Figure extracts fault characteristic information according to the distribution of amplitude in scramble spectrogram.The invention can be by cycloid bevel gears fault-signal
Characteristic information effectively identifies from complicated side frequency band signal, but the invention is also without establishing two-dimensional frequency-
Frequency-domain function.
The present invention is based on the Time-Frequency Analysis Methods in Modern Signal Analysis method, using the frequency spectrum of signal as analyzed pair
As carrying out " time-frequency conversion " to the log spectrum of signal, obtaining two-dimensional frequency-frequency-domain function.It both can be in frequency domain
Various sideband components in frequency spectrum, and retain the information for reflecting that each sideband components are distributed in a frequency domain.Same scramble may be implemented
The Division identification of sideband components provides new information for combined failure positioning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of narrowband frequency-reciprocal frequency transformation method of analysis of vibration signal, and core content is, using the modern times
Time-frequency conversion method (such as Short Time Fourier Transform, Eugene Wigner-Willie distribution etc.) in signal analysis, to pair of vibration signal
Number spectrum carries out " time-frequency " transformation, is defined as that " (Narrow Band Cepstral Transform, writes a Chinese character in simplified form narrowband Cepstrum Transform
NBCT) ", two-dimensional frequency-frequency-domain function is obtained.For using Short Time Fourier Transform, " the narrowband Cepstrum Transform " of signal
Is defined as:
NBCTx(f, τ)=∫ Lx(λ)H(λ-f)e-j2πτλdλ (1)
The essence of the transformation is, to the logarithmic spectrum L of signalx(f) Mobile Narrow window H (λ, f) is added, then asks Fourier inverse
Transformation obtains a local cepstrum.By changing the centre frequency f of the mobile spectrum window in narrowband, the office of available different frequency bands
Portion's cepstrum finally obtains two-dimensional function NBCTx(f,τ).There are two independents variable for the function, and wherein independent variable f has frequency quantity
Guiding principle, unit Hz；Independent variable τ has time dimension, and unit is the second, is defined as inverted frequency (Quefrency).Therefore, two-dimentional letter
Number NBCTx(f, τ) is the two-dimensional function of one " frequency domain-scramble domain ", is defined as " frequency-cepstrum ".Method of the invention is by one
Dimensional signal is transformed into two-dimensional " frequency domain-scramble domain " function, can provide than cepstrum more abundant about in signal spectrum
Different line spectrum clusters (harmonic components, sideband components) information.
The present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Step 1: frequency spectrum point is carried out in the running structure vibration signals x (t) of speed-changing gear box equipment obtained to monitoring
Analysis, obtains the frequency spectrum X (f) of signal:
Step 2: seeking the logarithm of frequency spectrum X (f), obtains the log spectrum of signal:
Lx(f)=Log [X (f)] (1)
Step 3: using time-frequency conversion method (such as the Short Time Fourier Transform, Eugene Wigner-prestige in Modern Signal Analysis
Benefit distribution etc.), seeking the narrowband Cepstrum Transform of signal log spectrum, (Narrow Band Cepstral Transform, writes a Chinese character in simplified form
NBCT), " the narrowband frequency-cepstrum " of signal is obtained:
NBCTx(f, τ)=∫ Lx(λ)H(λ-f)e-j2πτλdλ (2)
In formula, H (f) is narrowband frequency domain window function.
Step 4: in " narrowband frequency-cepstrum " NBCTxOn the basis of (f, τ), the in-depth analysis and feature of signal characteristic are carried out
It extracts.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) the one-dimensional logarithmic spectrum of signal is transformed into two-dimensional " frequency-scramble domain ", can be provided more than one-dimensional cepstrum
Add information abundant.
2) information that cepstrum only has inverted frequency (time) is changed, without frequency information, therefore cannot distinguish between different frequencies
The problem of same frequency sideband components of band.
3) " time frequency analysis " method in Modern Signal Analysis is applied to the logarithmic spectrum of signal, it can be by " time frequency analysis "
Various properties and feature be transplanted to of the invention " narrowband Cepstrum Transform (Narrow Band Cepstral Transform, letter
Write NBCT) " in.The digitizing solution of " time frequency analysis " can be directly applied to realize " the narrowband Cepstrum Transform " of discrete signal；It is " narrow
There is also inverse transformations for band frequency-cepstrum ", and signal may be implemented in the filtering in " frequency-scramble domain " and noise reduction process etc..
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be narrowband Cepstrum Transform (Narrow Band Cepstral Transform, write a Chinese character in simplified form NBCT) " flow chart
Fig. 2 " narrowband Cepstrum Transform (Narrow Band Cepstral Transform, write a Chinese character in simplified form NBCT) " schematic illustration
Fig. 3 analysis of vibration signal example: gear-box vibration signal waveforms, logarithmic spectrum and cepstrum
Fig. 4 analysis of vibration signal example: " the narrowband frequency-cepstrum " of gear-box vibration signal.
Specific embodiment
Equipment is that Funded Projects are subsidized in state key research and development plan project (2017YFC0805905) in the embodiment of the present invention.
It is proposed a kind of narrowband frequency-reciprocal frequency transformation method of analysis of vibration signal, core content is, using modern signal point
Time-frequency conversion method (such as Short Time Fourier Transform, Eugene Wigner-Willie distribution etc.) in analysis, to the logarithmic spectrum of vibration signal into
Row " time-frequency " transformation, is defined as " narrowband Cepstrum Transform (Narrow Band Cepstral Transform, write a Chinese character in simplified form NBCT) ", obtains
To two-dimensional frequency-fall frequency-domain function, be defined as " frequency-cepstrum ".
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
The flow chart of the narrowband Fig. 1 Cepstrum Transform (Narrow Band Cepstral Transform, write a Chinese character in simplified form NBCT).The party
Method is divided into five steps:
(1) Fourier transformation is carried out to vibration signal x (t), obtains the frequency spectrum X (f) of signal.
(2) logarithm for seeking frequency spectrum X (f) obtains the logarithmic spectrum L of signalx(f)。
(3) logarithmic spectrum L is soughtx(f) (Narrow Band Cepstral Transform, writes a Chinese character in simplified form narrowband Cepstrum Transform
NBCT), frequency-cepstrum NBCT of signal is obtainedx(f,τ)。
(4) in " narrowband frequency-cepstrum " NBCTxOn the basis of (f, τ), the in-depth analysis and feature for carrying out signal characteristic are mentioned
It takes.
Fig. 2 provides the schematic illustration of narrowband Cepstrum Transform (NBCT), can be by one by narrowband Cepstrum Transform (NBCT)
Dimension frequency-domain function transforms to two-dimentional " frequency-scramble domain ", obtains frequency-cepstrum, compared with one-dimensional functions cepstrum, can reveal that anti-
Reflect the more information of signal frequency domain feature.
Fig. 3 to Fig. 4 provides analysis of vibration signal example under a gear-box combined failure, which is the event of the gear-box gear teeth
Barrier and the signal under the uneven two class failures of shafting.The waveform, right of vibration signal is shown respectively in top-down three figures in Fig. 3
Number spectrum and cepstrum.The vibration signal time domain waveform has periodic amplitude modulation feature, as shown in dotted line in Fig. 3 a)；Fig. 3 b)
Shown in have a large amount of sideband components in signal logarithmic spectrum, wherein two positions shown in dotted line are than more prominent；Fig. 3 c) shown in
Signal cepstrum in the inverted frequency of about 0.04s and its have prominent peak value at harmonic wave (arrow a), show signal logarithm in figure
The frequency interval of sideband components in spectrum is about 25Hz, and the speed of corresponding teeth roller box output shaft shows to judge the side
Frequency domain distribution situation with ingredient.
Fig. 4 shows the two-dimentional frequency-cepstrum of the vibration signal, wherein upper figure is the 2 d plane picture form of expression, the following figure is
The 3-D view form of expression.It is clear that the ingredient at inverted frequency 0.04s in the distribution situation of frequency domain, the scramble ingredient
There are two peak values outstanding in the frequency band near about 1100Hz and 1180Hz respectively, such as arrow f in figure1And f2It is shown, it is right respectively
The meshing frequency and certain rank intrinsic frequency for answering gear-box illustrate that the present invention can accurately distinguish the same edge for being distributed in different frequency bands
Band ingredient, and then gear teeth failure and imbalance fault are distinguished and positioned.
Can be seen that two-dimentional frequency-cepstrum and spectrum analysis and cepstrum analysis from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 content has substance
Difference；By two-dimentional frequency-cepstrum analysis, the identical sideband components for being distributed in different frequency bands can be accurately distinguished, and then right
Gear teeth failure and imbalance fault are distinguished and are positioned.This is that spectrum analysis and cepstrum analysis cannot achieve and substitute
's.
Some specific embodiments are described above.It should be appreciated that can be modified to these embodiments.Example
Such as, the element of different embodiments can be combined, supplements, modifies and delete, to obtain other embodiments.In addition,
Those skilled in the art, which should be recognized that, can be used other structures and process flow to replace and have been disclosed above
Structure and process flow, to obtain other embodiments.The other embodiments at least in substantially the same manner, realize essence
Upper identical function achievees the effect that embodiment disclosed by the invention provides substantially the same.Correspondingly, these and other
Embodiment should belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of mechanical oscillation signal processing method using narrowband Cepstrum Transform, includes the following steps:
A, the mechanical oscillation signal x (t) of collection period movement；
B, spectrum analysis is carried out to vibration signal x (t), obtains the frequency spectrum X (f) of signal；
C, the logarithm for seeking frequency spectrum X (f) obtains the log spectrum of signal:
Lx(f)=Log [X (f)] (1)
D, to the log spectrum L of signalx(f) the narrowband Cepstrum Transform carried out, obtains the narrowband frequency-cepstrum of signal:
NBCTx(f, τ)=∫ Lx(λ)H(λ-f)e-j2πτλdλ (2)
In formula (2), H (f) is narrowband frequency domain window function.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, to narrowband frequency-cepstrum NBCTx(f, τ) is analyzed, and mechanical oscillation are obtained
Fault characteristic information.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, to the log spectrum L of signalx(f) change that the narrowband Cepstrum Transform carried out uses
Changing mode is Short Time Fourier Transform, Eugene Wigner-Willie distribution.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111337250A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-26 | 广州大学 | Machine tool state fault diagnosis system and method based on virtual instrument |
| CN111780980A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-16 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Diesel engine rotating speed extraction method based on vibration signal envelope cepstrum analysis |
| CN112101245A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-18 | 丽水市特种设备检测院 | Short-time Fourier transform mechanical impact feature extraction method based on frequency domain window function |
| CN113418700A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-21 | 太原理工大学 | Intelligent sensor and health state monitoring method for mining belt conveyor transmission system |
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