CN110327446A - 一种治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化中药组合物及应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化中药组合物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化的中药组合物,由下列原料药制成:熟地,五味子,巴戟天,丹参,莪术,姜黄,大黄,金钱草,黄连。本发明还提供了本发明中药组合物在治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化中的应用。本发明具有补肾化浊,活血散结的作用,针对病因(铜代谢障碍)‑肾虚、主要环节(肝星状细胞活化增殖)‑痰瘀,还针对结局(肝纤维化)‑积聚等多环节、多层次发挥中药复方作用,具有标本兼治的特点;首次运用中医“肝肾同源”,“髓失生肝”理论,从“肾”论治WD肝纤维化;从临床和实验两方面相互验证,本发明中药组合物对WD肝纤维化的治疗效果显著,可以达到标本兼治的目的,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,具体涉及一种治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化中药组合物及应用。
背景技术
Wilson病(Wilson disease,WD)又称肝豆状核变性(hepatolenticulardegeneration),是常染色体隐性遗传的铜代谢障碍疾病,Cheng N等研究发现,该病人群发病率约为1.96/10万,患病率约为5.87/10万。WD好发于青少年,临床上以慢性肝脏病变、肾脏功能损害以及神经系统障碍等症状为主,是累及多系统的疑难疾病。
肝豆状核变性患者中肝脏是铜代谢最先和最主要的器官。肝脏损害是WD患者在5~10岁发病最常见首发症状,铜在肝脏内进行性蓄积引起肝硬化,继而引起门静脉高压症,临床表现为脾大、脾功能亢进、上消化道出血等。大多数患者初诊时即已发生肝硬化,据相关报道,肝豆状核变性肝病症状较神经症状早出现0.5-4年,平均2.4年(徐嘉望,裴的善.肝豆状核变性的临床表现与诊治[J].新医学,2000,31(10):629-630.)
WD肝纤维化引起的肝功能衰竭通常是WD患者死亡的主要原因,严重影响着人类健康,其治疗仍是尚未完全攻破的难题,是WD治疗的难点。经过大量的研究证明,肝纤维化具有可逆性,因此重视对WD肝纤维化的早期干预对于改善肝功能及预后、提高WD患者生存率是本发明的主要目的。
祖国医学无肝纤维化病名,依据其肝硬化、腹水等表现,可属于“积聚”、“臌胀”、“癥瘕”等范畴。中医古籍对此描述可见,如《灵枢·五邪》言:“邪在肝,则两胁中痛”。《灵枢·论疾诊尺》曰:“面色微黄,齿垢黄,爪甲上黄,黄疸也……不嗜食”。基本病理因素有湿、热、毒、瘀、虚等。中医认为先天不足是引起本病的根本原因,后天失养,饮食不节,导致气血阴阳失和,脏腑功能失调,肾失气化,脾失健运,胆道失司,气血津液运化失常,铜毒不泌,蕴结聚积体内而化生为铜毒之邪,受累脏腑以肝、脾、肾等为主,尤以肝脏为甚,病位起于肾,具有“本虚标实”“虚实夹杂”的致病特点。铜毒内聚贯穿于本病的整个病变过程,决定着其发生、发展及其转归,是本病病情发展演变规律的决定性因素。研究认为铜毒内蕴、痰瘀阻络是WD肝纤维化的关键病机,以“痰浊、瘀血”为关键病理因素,而肾精亏虚、禀赋不足是铜毒内聚的基本成因。中医认为,肾为先天之本,先天禀赋不足导致肾的开合失司是引起铜毒外泄无路、铜毒内聚的重要原因,铜毒内聚也与肾主二便功能失常密切相关。依据中医“肝肾同源于精血”,“髓失生肝”理论,肝肾同源,精血相生,WD肝纤维化主要由于肾精亏虚致铜毒排泄不畅,肾精不足则肝血亦虚,肾病累及于肝,肝脏为铜浊毒邪所聚,肝脏失于疏泄,胆汁铜毒不能正常排泌,铜毒与湿热之邪相结,湿热蕴久化痰,阻碍气机,血行不畅,瘀血与痰浊相结,胶结血脉,停于肋下,则成“积聚”;外溢于肌肤、眼轮而表现身目发黄。毒邪日久不去,留着体内,久病入络,损伤络脉,癥积不愈,加之脉络壅塞,正气耗伤,水湿不化而成鼓胀。故“肾精亏虚、痰瘀阻络”是WD肝纤维化的主要病机。
目前在治疗方法上存在以下问题:
WD肝纤维化引起的肝功能衰竭通常是WD患者死亡的主要原因,经过大量的研究证明,肝纤维化是可以逆转的,因此重视对WD肝纤维化的早期干预对于改善肝功能及预后具有十分重要的意义,目前主要以西药治疗为主:
1、西医主要采取金属络合剂治疗铜中毒,虽然有一定效果。但络合剂在对金属毒物解毒的同时,又络合了体内必需的微鼍元素,干扰了体内必需微量元素的正常功能,引起微量元素的代谢紊乱,造成机体的免疫功能下降。不可避免的是金属络合剂不良反应较多,早期可发生消化道症状和过敏反应,少数可引起白细胞和血小板的减少、溶血性贫血、出血倾向等。缺乏从整体调节的有效方法:既能促进排铜,又能减少药物不良反应;
2、肝纤维化治疗以保肝为主,但每一种保肝药物的作用机制有限,缺乏多途径、多靶点作用的干预肝纤维化的药物。
因此,仍然需要开发针对始动因素(铜代谢障碍)、主要环节(肝星状细胞活化增殖)、结局(肝纤维化)等多环节、多层次的药物。
铜离子具有较强的产生自由基的能力,所以过量的铜又具有潜在的毒性。Aston等报道(Aston NS,WattN,Morton IE,TannerMS,Evans GS.Coppertoxicity affectsproliferation and viability of human hepatoma cells(HepG2line)[J].Hum ExpToxicol 2000,19(6):367-376.):用不同浓度的铜观察HepG2细胞株发现铜中毒可以影响肝细胞的增殖和复制,促进细胞的凋亡,通过激活各种致纤维化通路(TGF-β1、CTGF、MAPK等)活化了肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSC),导致肝损伤修复时细胞外基质(Extra cellu-Lar matrix,ECM)的合成与降解不平衡,特别是后期ECM降解减少是导致WD发生肝纤维化或肝硬化的主要机制目前认为HSC是肝纤维化的主要效应细胞(Friedman SL.Hepatic fibrosis-overview[J].Toxicology,2008,254(3):120-129.),在HSC信号通路研究中,丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)是近年研究的热点。p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated pro-tein kinases,MAPK)通路是MAPK介导信号通路的重要分支(Deng ZY,Li J,Jin Y,et al.Effect of oxymatrine on thep38mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling pathway in rats withCCl4induced hepatic fibrosis[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2009,122(12):1449-1454.),肝纤维化发生时p38MAPK被激活,活化的p38MAPK转移入核内,磷酸化下游转录因子,P38MAPK信号通路主要通过调节转化生长因子(TGFβ1)、血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)表达等途径调节目的基因的表达,实现对HSC的作用,从而参与大鼠肝纤维化的形成。因此探讨药物对以上细胞因子的影响是能更好体现其作用机制。
肝脏是机体物质代谢的中枢器官,许多物质合成、分解和转化等代谢过程是在肝脏中进行,肝脏的生化变化处于基础研究与临床研究的重要交叉地位,肝病涉及多种激素、糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂质代谢功能紊乱等。代谢组学由于可以从整体层面上了解生物体系各个模块的功能,因此在肝脏疾病的研究中起了不可忽视的作用。因此,要深入探讨肝纤维化患者生化指标的变化情况,就必须从代谢的的角度研究肝脏的生化指标变化的机制。由于WD为铜代谢障碍性疾病,氧化应激在铜引起细胞损伤中起重要作用,可引起细胞蛋白质、脂质和核酸的氧化损伤,发生小分子代谢物的变化。因此WD肝组织的代谢组学研究对于WD的病机、治疗及预后显得尤为重要。
目前用于该病研究的模型主要有LEC大鼠,TX小鼠以及ATP7B基因敲除小鼠,但各模型与WD的病理生理改变并不完全一致,而且因为其技术要求较高,操作复杂成本昂贵等使其广泛应用受到一定程度限制。有研究显示,在WD患者及其动物模型LEC大鼠中,肝炎的发生可能与肝内铜的过量蓄积有关(SugawaraN,LiD,SugawaraC,MiyakeH.Decrease inbiliary excretion of copper in long-evans cinnamon(LEC)rats causingspontaneous hepatitis due to a gross accumulation ofhepatic copper[J].ResCommun ChemiPatholo Pharmaco,l1993,81(1):45-52.)。虽然目前没有任何一种动物模型可以完全复制WD的全部临床特征,研究认为(李毓雯,万小华,宁琴,等.铜过量负荷导致肝细胞凋亡及其对Bax Bcl-2基因表达的影响[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2008,10(1):42-46.)WD铜过量负荷大鼠模型可以用于模拟肝铜沉积诱导肝脏损伤的过程,且具有重复性好,价格低廉,便于饲养等优点,在铜负荷6,8,12周后可观察到大量铜离子在肝细胞沉积,也发现铜负荷后大鼠血清转氨酶也升高,说明铜负荷大鼠模型肝细胞的功能受到破坏,而且存在明显的时间程度相关性。故该模型目前被广泛应用于WD肝脏损害病机探讨的实验研究。
基于以上的分析,本发明动物实验以Wistar大鼠为研究对象,铜过量负荷饮食建立WD大鼠模型,采用本发明中药组合物为施加因素,设定4组,分别为空白组、模型组、本发明制剂组(TCM组)、青霉胺组(PCA组),检测WD肝纤维化铜过量负荷大鼠肝脏病理改变,肝组织中TGF-β1、PDGF的表达水平,肝脏代谢轮廓变化及分析不同治法对其生物标志物的干预作用,以期为临床上治疗WD肝纤维化提供理论依据。
临床实验观察:本发明制剂对肝豆状核变性肝硬化的临床疗效。方法:将患者随机分为两组,一组予以谷胱甘肽治疗,另一组予以本发明中药组合物,治疗4个疗程后,分别评价肝功能、凝血功能、肝纤维化指标和Child-Pugh评分。
本发明中药组合物是针对WD肝纤维化的主要病机研制而成,根据WD肝纤维化“肾精亏虚、痰瘀阻络”的病机,本发明的中药组合物由熟地,五味子,巴戟天,丹参,莪术,姜黄,大黄,金钱草,黄连组成,具有补肾活血化浊的作用,针对以上病机:铜代谢障碍-肝星状细胞活化增殖-肝纤维化模式,采用多环节、多层次发挥中药复方作用。本发明的中药组合物治疗肝纤维化,可以达到标本兼治的目的。
关于本发明的组合物在治疗WD肝纤维化方面目前还未见报道,本发明的组合物中各中药成分物质清楚,可有效治疗肝纤维化,具有良好的应用前景。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本发明提供一种治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化的中药组合物及应用,本发明采用中药内服促进铜毒疏泄、活血散结治“积聚”、“癥瘕”,本发明的中药组合物具有补肾活血化浊,促进排铜毒的作用,临床效果明显,疗效可靠。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列原料药制成:熟地,五味子,巴戟天,丹参,莪术,姜黄,大黄,金钱草,黄连。
进一步的,所述的治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成:熟地18-22份,五味子5~8份,巴戟天14~16份,丹参18~22份,莪术3~6份,姜黄14~16份,大黄5~7份,金钱草14~16份,黄连14~16份。
进一步的,所述的治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成:熟地20份,五味子6份,巴戟天15份,丹参20份,莪术5份,姜黄15份,大黄6份,金钱草15份,黄连15份。
进一步的,所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的原料药水提后加入制备不同剂型时所需的辅料,按照药物制剂常规方法制成临床上适宜的口服制剂。
进一步的,所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的口服制剂包括散剂、水煎剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、片剂或口服液。
进一步的,所述的中药组合物在制备治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化药物中的应用。
无论是从西医还是从中医学角度,肝豆状核变性病都是铜代谢障碍蓄积体内脏腑组织产生的铜中毒症状,脏腑功能失调,铜蓄积体内变成致病的一种毒邪,蓄积沉积于某脏腑、器官,该脏腑、器官即产生相应的铜中毒症状。由于WD肝纤维化是铜代谢障碍引起,故其研究思路可能不同于其他肝纤维化研究。所以,针对WD肝纤维化的关键是排铜,是病因治疗的第一步,而保肝治疗是改善肝功能的重要措施,本发明的内服中药组合物针对WD肝纤维化的主要病机研制而成,由熟地,五味子,巴戟天,丹参,莪术,姜黄,大黄,金钱草,黄连组成,具有补肾活血化浊的作用,该方注重标本同治,一方面从病因角度以“补肾化浊”之法促进铜毒的排出,另一方面以“补肾活血”法治“积聚”、“癥瘕”改善肝功能。
本发明中药组合物有效成份明确,容易控制药物质量,符合中药复方干预WD肝纤维化的多途径、多靶点的整体研究需求。其中熟地,五味子,巴戟天为君药,熟地补血养阴、填精益髓,五味子滋肾生津、养肝木,巴戟天补肾助阳、强筋壮骨,共奏补肾滋水化浊之功,针对“先天”病因共奏补肾填精益髓功效,同时根据“肾主水及肾中精气”,以上补肾之剂能够通利二便,使铜毒外泄有路,减少铜毒蓄积。同时根据“肝肾同源”,“髓失生肝”理论,从肾论治WD肝纤维化,肾精充足肝血从而得到滋养,肝木得以调达疏泄;大黄、丹参、黄连为臣药,大黄泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经,丹参祛瘀止痛,凉血消痈,黄连清热燥湿,泻火解毒,共奏清热通俯、活血解毒之功,莪术、金钱草、姜黄为佐药,莪术破血行气止痛祛瘀,金钱草利水通淋,清热解毒,散瘀消肿,姜黄破血行气,通经止痛,可助君臣药行气消症瘕癖块,化浊解毒。现代药理研究发现:大黄、金钱草可增加胆汁中铜的排泄,促进使粪铜和尿铜的排出,同时大黄中的主要成分番泻甙甲在肠道中被细菌分解为大黄甙,刺激肠壁促进大肠的排空运动,可减少肠道对铜的吸收;黄连含锌量较高,既可竞争性抑制胃肠道内食物铜离子的吸收,又能促进体内游离铜排泄,以上清热解毒化浊之剂能减少“铜毒”在肝脏的沉积,从减轻“毒损肝络”的病因学角度治疗WD肝纤维化。
与现有技术相比,本发明的显著进步表现为:
1、本发明的中药组合物具有补肾化浊,活血散结的作用,既能减少肠道对铜的吸收,又能促进体内游离铜的排泄,即有针对病因(铜代谢障碍)-肾虚、主要环节(肝星状细胞活化增殖)-痰瘀,又有针对结局(肝纤维化)-积聚等多环节、多层次的药物,具有标本兼治的特点,体现中医复方多途经、多靶点整体调节的优势;
2、本发明的中药组合物首次运用中医“肝肾同源”,“髓失生肝”理论,从“肾”论治WD肝纤维化,注重标本同治;
3、从临床和动物模型实验两方面相互验证,本发明的中药组合物对WD肝纤维化具有干预作用,不仅可以改善临床指标,还可以从分子生物学角度改善铜负荷大鼠的肝纤维化程度,本发明的中药组合物经过药理学实验的验证,使用安全,对肝纤维化的治疗效果明显,无副作用。
附图说明
图1为动物实验1免疫组化法检测各组大鼠肝组织TGF-β1蛋白表达图(IHC×400)
其中,a:空白组;b:模型组;c:本发明中药组(TCM组);d:青霉胺组(PCA组);
图2动物实验1免疫组化法检测各组大鼠肝组织PDGF蛋白表达图(IHC×400)
其中,a:空白组;b:模型组;c:本发明中药组(TCM组);d:青霉胺组(PCA组);
图3为动物实验2中空白组、模型组及各治疗组大鼠肝组织形态学变化HE染色图(HE染色×200),其中,a:空白组;b:模型组;c:PCA组;d:TCM组;
图4为动物实验2中空白组、模型组及各治疗组大鼠肝组织形态学变化Masson染色图(Masson染色×200),
其中,a:空白组;b:模型组;c:PCA组;d:TCM组;
图5为动物实验2中给药大鼠实验组和模型组的肝脏典型500MHz 1H NMR谱图(δ0.5-5.5和δ5.5-9.5);
注:为了清楚起见,虚线框中的谱图区域(δ5.5-9.5)相比虚线框外的谱图区域(δ0.5-5.5)放大了10倍;
图6为动物实验2中本发明中药组合物对WD肝纤维化铜负荷大鼠模型主成分分析(PCA)及偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)图,
其中,图6a为大鼠肝脏不同实验组的PCA得分图,图6b为大鼠肝脏不同实验组的PLS-DA得分图,图中R2X=69.3%R2Y=0.164,
图中,▲空白组、●模型组、■PCA组、◆TCM组;
图7为本发明中药组合物对WD肝纤维化铜负荷大鼠PCA组VS模型组正交偏最小二乘判别分析图(OPLS-DA),R2X=0.481R2Y=0.836Q2=0.632,其中a:OPLS-DA得分图、b:排列检验图、c:火山图;
图8为本发明中药组合物对WD肝纤维化铜负荷大鼠对照组VS模型组OPLS-DA分析图,R2X=0.325R2Y=0.88Q2=0.764,其中a:OPLS-DA得分图、b:排列检验图、c:火山图;
图9为本发明中药组合物对WD肝纤维化铜负荷大鼠中药组VS模型组OPLS-DA分析图,R2X=0.379R2Y=0.916Q2=0.708,其中a:OPLS-DA得分图、b:排列检验图、c:火山图。
由图7、图8、图9的OPLS-DA图我们可以得知,实验组与模型组都具有较好的组间区分,且采用200次(n=200)的排列检验来验证上述模型的可信度。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例和相关实验对本发明做进一步的说明。该实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不对本发明的保护范围构成限定,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在没有做出创造劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化中药组合物粉剂的制备,由以下重量的各原料药制成:熟地20g,五味子6g,巴戟天15g,丹参20g,莪术5g,姜黄15g,大黄6g,金钱草15g,黄连15g,每剂药材原料药总质量117g,共称取10剂药,将称得的中药组合物加水煎煮2次,过滤,收集滤液,将滤液喷雾干燥,研磨粉碎后,得到本发明的中药组合物水提干粉,将制得的中药组合物干粉密封放置在-30℃冰箱内长期保存,制成散剂,用于以下研究。
动物实验1
1材料
1.1实验动物
清洁级Wistar大鼠60只,雌雄各半,月龄均为3个月,平均体质量为(200±20)g,购于南京医科大学实验动物中心,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(苏)2008-0004。动物房为普通级饲养室,实验前先适应性饲养1周。
1.2药物及试剂
本发明的中药组合物粉剂;青霉胺(国药准字H31022286,每片0.125g),上海信谊药厂有限公司生产;谷胱甘肽(国药准字H20050667,每片0.1g),重庆药友制药有限责任公司生产,辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗兔抗体和山羊抗鼠抗体(Chemicon公司);兔抗TGF-β1、PDGF-BB单克隆抗体(美国Abcam)。
1.3实验仪器
721分光光度计16C-14型(上海精密科学仪器有限公司);低温离心机KWS-MAE(上海安亭科学仪器厂);高速离心机LG10-24A(上海医用离心机厂);TANITAKD-160电子秤;切片机Leica RM2135(德国);显微镜Nikon 80i(日本);石蜡包埋机亚光YB-7B(湖北孝感);DYY-11型电泳仪(北京市六一仪器厂);X胶片(Kodak);ZD-9556水平摇床(太仓市科教器材厂);PVDF膜(美国Bio-Rad);图像采集及图像分析系统(美国Bio-Rad生物仪器设备公司)。2方法
2.1分组及给药
将60只大鼠采用随机分为4组,分别为空白组、模型组、本发明中药组合物组(TCM组)、青霉胺组(PCA组),每组15只。从实验第1天开始,空白组给予普通饲料喂养,其余3组均参照文献(李毓雯,万小华,宁琴等,铜过量负荷导致肝细胞凋亡及其对Bax Bcl-2基因表达的影响[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2008,10(1):42-46.)中的方法复制铜负荷肝纤维化大鼠模型,即予含硫酸铜的饲料和水饲养6周,6周后随机抽取1只大鼠,通过肝脏病检确定造模是否成功,如果造模已经成功,那么从第7周第1天开始给药,TCM组给予实施例1制得中药组合物散剂5.03g/(kg·d)灌胃;PCA组予青霉胺0.15g/(kg·d)灌胃;空白组和模型组分别给予等体积生理盐水灌胃;各组均每日给药1次,共干预6周。
2.2指标检测
给药结束后,各组大鼠禁食12h,用2%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉,取肝组织,采用免疫组化法检测肝组织中TGF-β1、PDGF的表达。
以细胞核或细胞质显棕黄色为(+),高倍镜下随机观察肝组织不重叠的6个视野,取其平均值为阳性细胞数。采用HPIAS-2000高清晰度彩色计算机图像分析系统分析免疫组化染色结果。
2.3统计方法
采用SPSS20.0统计软件进行统计分析,计量资料服从正态分布时以表示,采用单因素方差分析。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
3、免疫组化结果
TGF-β1阳性细胞表达位于胞质内,显色为棕黄色颗粒
结果:与空白组比较,模型组TGF-β1阳性信号表达都显著增强(P<0.01),模型组TGF-β1蛋白阳性细胞均主要位于血窦处、汇管区、纤维间隔中(见图1b);
PDGF的阳性细胞表达位于细胞质,以胞浆出现棕黄色颗粒为阳性细胞
结果:与空白组比较,模型组PDGF阳性信号表达显著增强(P<0.01),模型组在汇管区、肝窦间质细胞内及炎细胞浸润区均有PDGF阳性表达(见图2b);与模型组相比TCM组、PCA组的TGF-β1、PDGF阳性表达程度较模型组有所减轻,细胞胞浆、间质阳性表达明显减弱,核内的阳性表达亦有不同程度的减轻,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中TCM组TGF-β1、PDGF阳性表达下降最为明显(P<0.001)(见图1c、图1d、图2c、图2d)。
实验各组大鼠肝组织的免疫组化图见附图中的图1、图2,各组大鼠肝组织中TGF-β1、PDGF表达水平见表1。
表1各组大鼠肝组织中TGF-β1、PDGF表达阳性细胞计数比较(个)
注:与空白组比较**P<0.01;与模型组比较△P<0.05,△△P<0.01;
由表1我们可以看出,与模型组比较,各治疗组肝组织中TGF-β1、PDGF表达明显降低(P<0.05),其中TCM组PDGF阳性细胞表达下降最为明显(P<0.001)。
结论:由上面的动物实验可以看出本发明的中药组合物可明显抑制铜负荷肝纤维化大鼠肝细胞TGF-β1、PDGF蛋白的表达,这是本发明中药组合物通过诱导肝星状细胞凋亡防治WD肝纤维化的作用机制之一。
动物实验2
1材料
1.1动物
实验用清洁级Wistar大鼠60只,雌雄各半,月龄均为3个月,平均体重200±20g,购于安徽医学科学研究所实验动物中心,动物许可证号:SCXK(苏2008-0004)。
1.2药物
本实施例1制得的中药组合物散剂,由安徽中医药大学第一附属医院制剂室提供;青霉胺:0.125g/片,上海信谊药厂有限公司生产,国药准字H31022286;谷胱甘肽:0.1g/片,重庆药友制药生产,批号为国药准字H20050667。
1.3主要试剂及仪器
SB203580(美国Calbiochem公司);硫酸铜(天津巴斯夫化工公司);重水(D2O)(美国CIL公司);2,2,3,3-三甲基甲硅烷基丙酸(3-trime-thylsilyl-[2,2,3,3-D4]-Propion-ate,TSP)(美国Al-drich公司),图像采集及图像分析系统(美国Bio-Rad生物仪器设备公司);Varian NMR System500MHz超导NMR谱仪(美国瓦立安公司)。
1.4造模及给药方法
造模:从实验第一天开始,除空白对照组予以普通饲料,其余6组均参照文献复制铜负荷大鼠模型,即予含硫酸铜1g/kg的饲料和0.185%硫酸铜的水,喂养6周;各组大鼠每天每只进食相等,并自由饮水。
分组与给药:动物房为普通级饲养室,实验前先适应性饲养1周。按随机数字表法分为4组,每组15只,分别为①空白对照组(N组);②模型对照组(M组);③本发明的中药组合物组(TCM组);④青霉胺组(PCA组);
铜负荷大鼠用药剂量均按体表面积换算法,根据成人每日使用剂量换算。从第7周第1天开始各用药组动物均每日晨灌胃,灌药量:1ml溶液/10g体重,每日1次。TCM组:予以本发明中药组合物5.03g/(kg.d);青霉胺组给予青霉胺0.09g/(kg.d);除空白组和模型组给予等量生理盐水,其余各组给药每日1次,共6周。
2、取材与处理
2.1标本留取
各组动物在第13周实验结束后,禁食12h,处死动物。在2%的戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉下,分别留取血清、肝组织标本。肝组织液氮速冻后存于-80℃冰箱,用于代谢组学测定,另将部分置于10%的多聚甲醛溶液中固定24h后进行常规石蜡包埋,每个蜡块每隔20μm连续切片5张,每张厚5μm,用于病理学检测。
2.2肝组织病理检查
10%多聚甲醛固定标本,石蜡包埋,制成4μm厚的石蜡切片,行HE及Masson染色,光镜下观察肝组织形态结构变化。
2.3代谢组学检测
在NMR分析之前,使用改进的Bligh-Dyer方法萃取组织样品。其方法为:将100mg大鼠组织样品与400μL甲醇和125μL去离子水混合,用匀浆机在4℃下匀浆30秒后,将匀浆转移至2.5mL管中,再向每个管中加入400μL氯仿和400μL去离子水,并将混合物涡旋60秒,在冰上静置10分钟后,将样品在10000×g和4℃条件下离心5分钟,将上层上清液转移至1.5mL试管中,冻干24小时以除去甲醇、氯仿和水,最后取出冻干粉末于-80℃下储存备用。
将给药大鼠肝脏组织冻干粉末样品溶于450μL的重水(纯度为99.9%)和150μL的磷酸钠缓冲液(90mM,pH 7.4,含0.02%TSP)的混合液中,在室温下静置5分钟,然后在6000×g和4℃条件下离心10分钟,以除去悬浮物。最后再将550μL上清液转移至5mm核磁共振管中,并在4℃下储存以备进行NMR实验。
所有的1H NMR实验在Varian NMR System 500MHz谱仪(Agilent,Santa Clara,CA,USA)上进行,该谱仪配备有5mm主动屏蔽x,y,z轴梯度的反式检测探头,实验温度为298K。实验采用具有压水模块的一维脉冲序列NOESY(NOESYPR1D)(RD-90°-t1-90°-tm-90°-Acq)进行波谱采集,具体的实验参数如下:90°脉冲宽度10μs,累加次数64次,采样点数32K,谱宽10kHz,采样时间为1.8s,弛豫延迟为4.0s,固定间隔t1为4μs,混合时间tm为120ms。
2.4数据处理分析
实验所有的NMR波谱都用软件MestReNova(V7.1.0-9185,Mestrelab ResearchSL)预处理。在傅里叶变换之前,经核磁共振谱仪采样得到的自由感应衰减(FID)信号用零填充到64K数据点,并以0.3Hz指数线宽因子对信号进行指数加窗。傅里叶变换之后,对所有的波谱进行相位校正和基线校正,将内标TSP峰的化学位移定为0.0ppm。从波谱中去除残余水峰(5.0-4.7ppm),TSP峰(0.0ppm),残余甲醇峰(3.37-3.34ppm)和无峰基线的波谱区域。采用自适应峰积分的方式,将所有处理的数据采用全谱归一化用于多变量统计分析。
将预处理过的NMR数据导入SIMCA软件(版本14.0,Umetrics AB,Sweden)进行多变量统计分析。对归一化的波谱数据首先进行主成分分析(PCA),在帕累托(Pareto)换算模式下进行偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)得到各组之间的代谢轮廓。为了更好地了解各组间的具体代谢差异,对数据进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA),并用7折交叉验证、排列检验(排列次数n=200),来自交叉验证和置换测试的参数R2和Q2表示建模拟合程度和预测能力。
4、结果
1、肝组织病理学变化
HE染色结果显示,空白组肝细胞细胞核大而圆,居中,异染色质少而着色浅,能清晰看到核仁。肝细胞胞质丰富,多成嗜酸性。肝小叶形态完整(图3a),与空白组相比,汇管区有较多的炎性细胞浸润(图3b);各治疗组较少的炎性细胞浸润(图3c、d),Masson染色结果显示:空白组肝小叶结构正常,中央静脉或汇管区周围少有纤维化(图4a)与空白组相比模型组:汇管区蓝色纤维化扩大,纤维间隔形成并伴肝小叶结构紊乱(图4b),各治疗组,中央静脉间有较少于模型组的短纤维间隔形成(图4c、d)。
2、大鼠肝脏代谢变化分析
①不同模型肝脏组织的代谢轮廓
图5显示了用含几种不同模型组的肝脏典型500MHz 1H NMR谱。通过查阅文献和搜索公共代谢物数据库,总共归属出48种代谢物,并在1H NMR谱中进行标注。
然而,直接通过谱图的视觉比较并不能提供详细的生物学信息,从而客观系统评估模型之间的相似性和差异性,多变量统计分析可能有助于分析这些特定的生物代谢信息。
②给药大鼠实验组和模型组的PCA及PLS-DA分析
从PCA得分图(图6a)中我们可以看出,第一、第二主成分共解释了63.17%的方差,PCA得分图中,各组之间有明显的重叠,表明可能各模型的肝脏代谢物非常相似以致于难以被明显区分。PLS-DA得分图可突出了各组之间的分离,但由得分图的明显重叠仍然存在(见图6b),这意味着肝脏中模型组、本发明组和对照组之间的新陈代谢具有部分相似性。
③OPLS-DA分析
为了找出每个模型有显著意义的差异代谢物,需要构建正交偏最小二乘判别分析模型(OPLS-DA)并通过交叉验证判断模型的准确性。R2Y、Q2和模型的排列交叉检验结果在一定程度上反映了模型的质量和组间分离的差异性,接着我们用OPLS-DA模型对应的火山图显示每个变量(代谢物)对组间区别的贡献方式和幅度。在火山图中,具有显著变化的差异代谢物通过三个限制性条件来筛选:p<0.05,|r|>0.5,VIP值高于前30%。因此,代表具有显著变化的代谢物的点处于火山图的区域上方(即水平阈值虚线p=0.05上方),并且是尺寸较大和颜色较暖的点。由OPLS-DA图我们可以得知,各实验组与模型组都具有较好的组间区分,且采用200次(n=200)的排列检验来验证上述模型的可信度(从图7、图8、图9)。
结论:本研究通过大鼠肝组织病理结果发现:WD铜负荷大鼠模型发生明显纤维化改变,各治疗组干预后可不同程度减轻肝纤维化。WD铜负荷大鼠模型肝脏发现了以下小分子代谢物的变化:酮体代谢含量升高,肌酸含量下降。本发明制剂影响WD铜负荷大鼠肝脏组织谷胱甘肽、肌酸、甲胺、酮体、氨基酸、嘧啶、嘌呤代谢,并有调节以上小分子物质代谢紊乱的作用,从而对WD铜负荷大鼠肝损伤有一定的修复作用,这是本发明的中药组合物干预WD肝纤维化的机制之一。
试验例3:临床效果实验
一、一般资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选择2018年7月至2019年6月在我院住院肝豆状核变性合并肝硬化患者60例,按照随机区组原则,将上述60例患者分为治疗组与对照组。对照组30例,其中男性16例,女性14例,平均年龄(21.36±4.45)岁,平均病程(3.86±2.38)年;治疗组30例,其中男性14例,女性16例,平均年龄(20.96±4.36)岁,平均病程(3.90±2.12)年。该两组患者在性别、年龄以及病程比较上,均无统计学差异(P>0.05),可比性强。
1.2纳入标准:(1)符合贾建平主编的《神经病学》中肝豆状核变性的诊断标准;(2)符合钟南山等主编的第八版《内科学》中肝硬化的诊断标准;(3)自愿参加该研究,签署知情同意书。
1.3排除标准:(1)由慢性乙肝等其他明确疾病导致的肝硬化患者;(2)对中药以及谷胱甘肽注射液过敏者。
1.4服用方法及服用量:对照组在常规二球丙磺酸钠排铜治疗基础上加用还原型谷胱甘肽(上海复旦复华药物有限公司,药品批号:H20031265),采用二球丙磺酸钠1g溶于5%葡萄糖溶液250ml中缓慢静滴,同时予以谷胱甘肽注射液1.8g溶于5%葡萄糖溶液250ml中缓慢静滴静滴治疗,每日一次;治疗组:采用二球丙磺酸钠1g溶于5%葡萄糖溶液250ml中缓慢静滴,每日一次,同时予以本发明的中药组合物水煎剂,一天一剂,餐后半小时服用,每组患者均治疗4个疗程,每个疗程8天。
1.5观察指标:(1)肝脏功能指标:ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL;(2)肝纤维化指标:
Ⅲ型前胶原(PⅢNP)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ);(3)凝血指标:APTT、PT、TT、INR;(4)治疗前后Child-Pugh评分。
1.6统计学方法:对收集结果均采用SPSS19.0软件进行分析,定量数据以(x±s)表示,采用两独立样本t检验;定性资料采用χ2检验,设定P<0.05为具有统计学意义。
二、结果与结论
2.1两组患者肝功能治疗前后评价
见表2示:可以得出两组患者治疗前后,肝功能指标均较前好转(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后肝功能指标较对照组好转明显(P<0.05)。结果说明谷胱甘肽和本发明的中药组合物均对WD肝硬化患者的肝功能的生化指标均有所改善,本发明组治疗效果更佳。
表2:两组患者肝功能治疗前后对照
注:#:与治疗前相比P<0.05;△:与治疗组相比P<0.05
2.2两组患者肝纤维化治疗前后评价
见表3示:从可以得出两组患者治疗前后,肝纤维化指标均较前好转(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后肝纤维化指标较对照组好转明显(P<0.05)。结果说明本发明的中药组合物对WD肝硬化患者的肝纤维化指标有明显改善,本发明组治疗效果更佳。
表3:两组患者肝纤维化治疗前后对照
注:#:与治疗前相比P<0.05;△:与治疗组相比P<0.05
2.3两组患者凝血功能治疗前后评价
从表4可以得出两组患者治疗前后,凝血功能指标均较前好转(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后凝血功能指标较对照组好转明显(P<0.05)。结果说明无论是还原型谷胱甘肽还是本发明的中药组合物对肝豆状核变性肝纤维化凝血功能障碍均有改善作用。
表4:两组患者凝血功能治疗前后对照
注:#:与治疗前相比P<0.05;△:与治疗组相比P<0.05
2.4两组患者治疗前后Child-Pugh评分
见表5示:可以得出两组患者治疗前后,Child-Pugh评分均较前好转(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后Child-Pugh评分较对照组好转明显(P<0.05)。结果说明还原型谷胱甘肽和本发明的中药组合物均对WD肝硬化患者的Child-Pugh评分有所改善,本发明组治疗效果更佳。
表5:两组患者治疗前后Child-Pugh评分
注:#:与治疗前相比P<0.05;△:与治疗组相比P<0.05
研究结果显示:本发明的中药组合物对于WD肝硬化患者的转氨酶、胆红素、肝纤四项、凝血功能改善明显,最终患者Child-Pugh评分下降,肝硬化症状明显好转,故在临床上值得推广应用。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列原料药制成:熟地,五味子,巴戟天,丹参,莪术,姜黄,大黄,金钱草,黄连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成:熟地18-22份,五味子5~8份,巴戟天14~16份,丹参18~22份,莪术3~6份,姜黄14~16份,大黄5~7份,金钱草14~16份,黄连14~16份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化的中药组合物,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料药制成:熟地20份,五味子6份,巴戟天15份,丹参20份,莪术5份,姜黄15份,大黄6份,金钱草15份,黄连15份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的原料药水提后加入制备不同剂型时所需的辅料,按照药物制剂常规方法制成临床上适宜的口服制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的口服制剂包括散剂、水煎剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、片剂或口服液。
6.权利要求1所述的中药组合物在治疗肝豆状核变性肝纤维化中的应用。
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CN113456781A (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-01 | 安徽中医药大学第一附属医院(安徽省中医院) | 一种治疗肾型肝豆状核变性的中药组合物及其制备方法 |
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CN113384643A (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-09-14 | 安徽中医药大学第一附属医院(安徽省中医院) | 治疗痴呆型血管性认知障碍的中药组合物及其制备方法 |
CN113456781A (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-01 | 安徽中医药大学第一附属医院(安徽省中医院) | 一种治疗肾型肝豆状核变性的中药组合物及其制备方法 |
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