CN1103256C - Electromagnetic preparing method for autogenic surface composite material - Google Patents
Electromagnetic preparing method for autogenic surface composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1103256C CN1103256C CN 01105337 CN01105337A CN1103256C CN 1103256 C CN1103256 C CN 1103256C CN 01105337 CN01105337 CN 01105337 CN 01105337 A CN01105337 A CN 01105337A CN 1103256 C CN1103256 C CN 1103256C
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- electromagnetic force
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic preparing method for autogenic surface composite material. Electromagnetic force is applied for controlling a coagulation process of a nascent phase precipitating alloy under the condition of casting when the alloy is coagulated; the nascent phase is separated from a melting body under the action of the electromagnetic force according to the electrical conductivity difference of a nascent phase and a melting body; the nascent phase directionally moves to the surface of a casting; thereby, the autogenic surface composite material is prepared. The present invention has the advantage of simple and flexible processes; the present invention can apply magnetic fields in the different positions of the casting by changing the applying mode and the applying intensity of the electromagnetic force for partial compounding; the actual demands of different industrial and mining establishments can be satisfied.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of new method for preparing spontaneous composite surface material, relate in particular to a kind of new method that adopts electromagnetic method to prepare spontaneous composite surface material, belong to the Composite Preparation technical field.
Under many operating modes, require the performance of material surface to be different from its internal performance, traditional solution route has two: take into account the requirement inner and surface, select for use combination property to meet the requirements of high-grade material or carry out corresponding surface treatment.In fact the former cause the waste of material, and the latter then requires complicated technology or equipment, and will consume a large amount of energy, and two kinds of approach all unavoidably make the cost amplitude of material rise.From energy savings and resource, rationally utilize the material viewpoint to set out, most economical way is directly to form surface and inner different spontaneous composite surface materials under casting condition.
Document " the spontaneous composite surface material of the hypereutectic AL-Si alloy of centrifugal casting " (Wang Qudong etc., " composite journal " 98 year the 3rd phase) has been introduced the employing centre spinning method and has been prepared spontaneous composite surface material.This method has solved that the wild phase surface is easily contaminated, combine problems such as bad between wild phase and the matrix, but need the complicated vertical centrifugal casting machine that has heating and temperature controlling device, its use is confined to primary phase and the bigger alloy of the difference in specific gravity of melt own, when primary phase and melt difference in specific gravity were little, this method was difficult to use.Document " microstructure and property of the spontaneous composite surface material of electromagnetic agitation " (Jin Junze etc., " investigation of materials journal " 98 year the 4th phase) the electromagnetic agitation directional solidification of introducing is separated the eutectic method, can obtain separating the higher composite of bond strength between poly-partially layer and the matrix, but this method need add a magnetic stirrer on common device for directionally solidifying, the equipment complexity, and be subjected to the restriction of foundry goods shape.
The objective of the invention is to above-mentioned deficiency at prior art, a kind of electromagnetic system Preparation Method of spontaneous composite surface material newly is provided, not only technology is simple, be not subjected to alloy primary phase and the little limitation of melt difference in specific gravity, also adapt to difform foundry goods simultaneously, the inside that can realize the foundry goods different parts is different with surface property, satisfies the requirement of actual condition.
For realizing such purpose, adopt under casting condition in the technical scheme of the present invention, apply electromagnetic force control and have the solidification of Al that primary phase is separated out, after alloy melts in melting furnace, cast among casting mold placed electromagnetic field, foundry goods is solidified under electromagnetic field.According to the conductivity difference of primary phase and melt itself, under the effect of electromagnetic force, primary phase is subjected to force direction opposite with metal bath, and primary phase is separated from melt, and directed movement gathers cast(ing) surface, thereby prepares spontaneous composite surface material.
The principle that the present invention adopts electromagnetic method to prepare spontaneous composite surface material be since the conductance of metal bath greater than primary phase (generally non-conductive), under electromagnetic field effect, metal bath is subjected to the electromagnetic force effect, the motion of melt on the electromagnetic force direction is restricted, then in melt, produce a barometric gradient, because the primary phase in melt is not subjected to the electromagnetic force effect, make the field of force imbalance around primary phase and be subjected to the effect of metal bath on every side, primary phase realizes separating with melt under this power effect.
The alloy that the present invention selects for use is: have the alloy that primary phase is separated out in process of setting, and primary phase and melt itself have the difference of electric conductivity, for example: eutectic Al-Si-1.2wt%Fe-1.6wt%Mn alloy, hypereutectic Al-Si alloy etc.
The mode that applies of electromagnetic force of the present invention can have two kinds, steady magnetic field adds DC current or high frequency magnetic field (induced-current and the electromagnetic field interaction that are produced by high frequency magnetic field produce electromagnetic force) in melt, when operation, can adopt wherein a kind of mode to apply electromagnetic force according to the shape of foundry goods, also can apply magnetic field at the different parts of foundry goods, it is compound to carry out the part, prepare the different material of foundry goods different parts, inside and surface property, satisfy the requirement of actual condition.
Fig. 1 adds the schematic diagram that DC current prepares spontaneous composite surface material for the present invention adopts steady magnetic field.
Among the figure, casting mold 1 is installed in the middle of two magnetic poles of electromagnet 5, and the gap is 10-20mm, inserts electrode 2 and 4 at the casting mold two ends, links to each other with dc source 3 by lead.Open dc source and electromagnet earlier when casting, casting is solidified foundry goods under electromagnetic field then.Behind the casting solidification, close dc source and electromagnet.
Magnetic field intensity and size of current are determined according to formula: f=|j * B|, B-magnetic flux density in the formula, T; The j-current density, A/m
2The f-electromagnetic force, N/m
3
Fig. 2 prepares the schematic diagram of composite surface material for the present invention adopts high frequency magnetic field.
Among the figure, casting mold 6 is installed in the centre of solenoid coil 7,8, and the shape of coil is consistent with the shape of foundry goods, and coil and casting mold gap are 5-10mm, and coil links to each other with high frequency electric source.Open high frequency electric source earlier when casting, make the solenoid coil energising, casting is solidified foundry goods under electromagnetic field then.Behind the casting solidification, close high frequency electric source.The power of high frequency electric source and frequency are determined by the Maxwell equation according to the size of required electromagnetic force.
Specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
1, the selected alloy of fusing in melting furnace is overheated 100 ℃-200 ℃.
2, casting mold is placed among the electromagnetic field, can adopt steady magnetic field to add DC current or employing high frequency magnetic .
3, the electromagnetic force that applies is 1.0 * 104N/m
3-2.0×10
6N/m
3, according to the primary phase size, make The thickness of standby composite surface material superficial layer is determined.
4, open earlier power supply when casting, casting is solidified foundry goods under electromagnetic field then.
5, behind the casting solidification, powered-down.
Below further describe technical scheme of the present invention by specific embodiment.Embodiment 1: steady magnetic field prepares the Al-15wt%Si composite surface material
Melting in resistance furnace is adopted steady magnetic field to add DC current and is prepared spontaneous composite surface material, and electromagnetic force is 1.2 * 10
4N/m
3, cast φ 5mm foundry goods inserts graphite electrode at the casting mold two ends, links to each other with dc source by lead.Behind alloy melting, removal of impurities is degassed, 720 ℃ of casting, and apply electromagnetic force this moment, and (magnetic field intensity is 1T at once; Current density is 1.2 * 10
4A/m
2), the time that applies electromagnetic force is 4 minutes.Primary silicons (10 μ m-150 μ m) a large amount of behind the casting solidification are displaced to cast(ing) surface, become cast(ing) surface hardness up to 1320HV, and thickness is 500 μ m, and the center is the spontaneous composite surface material of 70HV.Embodiment 2: steady magnetic field prepares eutectic Al-Si-1.2wt%Fe-1.6wt%Mn alloy
In the resistance furnace melting, temperature is 750 ℃, adopts steady magnetic field to add DC current and prepares spontaneous composite surface material, and electromagnetic force is 1.2 * 10
4N/m
3(magnetic field intensity is 1T; Current density is 1.2 * 10
4A/m
2), insert graphite electrode at the casting mold two ends, link to each other with dc source by lead.Behind alloy melting, impurity removal is degassed, 750 ℃ of square foundry goods of casting 10mm * 20mm.Apply electromagnetic force this moment, and the time that applies electromagnetic force is 6 minutes at once.Form the complicated intermetallic compound of a large amount of AlSiFeMn at cast(ing) surface behind the casting solidification, its composition is (wt%): Al-54.26, Si-10.72, Mn-17.97, Fe-17.04, becoming case hardness is 824.87HV, and matrix hardness is the spontaneous composite surface material of 92.6HV.Embodiment 3: high frequency magnetic field prepares the Al-15wt%Si composite surface material
Melting in resistance furnace adopts high frequency magnetic field to prepare spontaneous composite surface material, and electromagnetic force is 1.0 * 10
4N/m
3, cast φ 5mm foundry goods.Behind alloy melting, removal of impurities is degassed, 720 ℃ of casting, and this moment is logical high frequency electric in high frequency coil at once, and (induced field intensity is 0.08T to apply electromagnetic force; Induced current density is 1.25 * 10
5A/m
2), the time that applies electromagnetic force is 4 minutes.Primary silicons (10 μ m-100 μ m) a large amount of behind the casting solidification are displaced to cast(ing) surface, become cast(ing) surface hardness up to 1320HV, and thickness is 200 μ m, and the center is the spontaneous composite surface material of 80HV.
The present invention has remarkable difference with the principle that adopts casting method to prepare spontaneous composite surface material at present, gram Taken because of primary phase and the little shortcoming that can not prepare spontaneous composite surface material of melt difference in specific gravity, technology is simple Flexibly, do not need complicated auxiliary equipment. The present invention utilizes the effect of electromagnetic field, direct shape under casting condition Become the surface spontaneous composite surface material different from internal performance, and can not be subjected to the restriction of foundry goods shape, Realize the interior table performance difference of each different parts of foundry goods, can satisfy the actual needs of different industrial and minerals.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of electromagnetic system Preparation Method of spontaneous composite surface material, it is characterized in that selecting for use in process of setting, having primary phase and separating out, and primary phase and melt itself have the alloy of conductivity difference, in melting furnace after the fusing, cast among casting mold placed electromagnetic field, apply 1.0 * 10
4N/m
3-2.0 * 10
6N/m
3Electromagnetic force 4-6 minute, foundry goods is solidified under electromagnetic field.
2, as the electromagnetic system Preparation Method of the said spontaneous composite surface material of claim 1, it is characterized in that said electromagnetic field is that steady magnetic field adds DC current, casting mold (1) is installed in the middle of two magnetic poles of electromagnet (5), the gap is 10-20mm, insert electrode (2,4) at the casting mold two ends, electrode links to each other with dc source (3) by lead.
3, as the electromagnetic system Preparation Method of the said spontaneous composite surface material of claim 1, it is characterized in that said electromagnetic field is a high frequency magnetic field, casting mold (6) is installed in the centre of solenoid coil (7,8), the shape of coil is consistent with the shape of foundry goods, coil and casting mold gap are 5-10mm, and coil links to each other with high frequency electric source.
4. as the electromagnetic system Preparation Method of the said spontaneous composite surface material of claim 1, it is characterized in that and to apply magnetic field at the different parts of foundry goods that it is compound to carry out the part.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01105337 CN1103256C (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-02-15 | Electromagnetic preparing method for autogenic surface composite material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01105337 CN1103256C (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-02-15 | Electromagnetic preparing method for autogenic surface composite material |
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| CN1311069A CN1311069A (en) | 2001-09-05 |
| CN1103256C true CN1103256C (en) | 2003-03-19 |
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| CN 01105337 Expired - Fee Related CN1103256C (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2001-02-15 | Electromagnetic preparing method for autogenic surface composite material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103418767A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2013-12-04 | 西南大学 | Method for centrifugally casting particle-reinforced composites |
| CN103624230B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏大学 | A kind of method combining outer Centrifugal Cast High Speed Steel Roll after the match |
| WO2017186252A1 (en) * | 2016-04-24 | 2017-11-02 | Debili Mohamed Yacine | Cu/al composite obtained by separation following high-frequency electromagnetic melting |
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2001
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