CN110323784B - Photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current evaluation method considering low voltage ride through uncertainty - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current evaluation method considering low voltage ride through uncertainty, which relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and comprises the following steps: s1: the following parameters were obtained: t is tmax、UmaxAnd Umin(ii) a Wherein, tmaxRepresents the longest time that the terminal voltage can keep running without network disconnection when falling to 0pu, UmaxMaximum terminal voltage, U, indicating that the inverter can be kept in off-line operationminIndicating a non-grid-shedding running time greater than tmaxA minimum terminal voltage of; s2: establishing a low voltage ride through uncertainty region of photovoltaic power generation; s3: establishing a grid disconnection probability model of photovoltaic power generation; s4: calculating an expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current, and taking the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current as a real short-circuit current injected into a power grid by photovoltaic power generation:
the technical problem that the deviation between the estimation of the short-circuit current and the objective real condition is large in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current evaluation method considering low voltage ride through uncertainty.
Background
The photovoltaic power generation has the advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, utilization nearby, local conditions and the like, and the installed capacity of the photovoltaic power generation in a power distribution network is continuously enlarged in recent years. When the voltage of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic generator set drops, the grid-disconnected operation needs to be kept according to the low-voltage ride-through requirement, and the injected short-circuit current is determined by the voltage drop of the grid-connected point and the low-voltage ride-through control; and when grid-connected voltage drops seriously, the photovoltaic power generation (photovoltaic power generation is used for short as a photovoltaic generator set) is allowed to stop running, and at the moment, no short-circuit current is injected into a power grid. Modeling of low voltage ride through of photovoltaic power generation is a typical ash box problem, and low voltage ride through capabilities of inverters of different models are different; even if the inverter models are the same, due to the difference of manufacturing industries of various manufacturers, the low voltage ride through capability test has great difference, so that the low voltage ride through capability of the photovoltaic power generation has ambiguity. Therefore, the method has important significance in evaluating the random variation range and distribution condition of the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic power generation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current evaluation method considering low voltage ride through uncertainty, which solves the technical problem that the deviation from the objective real situation is larger because the low voltage ride through uncertainty is not considered in the prior art and the short-circuit current which can be provided when photovoltaic power generation is operated without being disconnected from a grid is mechanically used as the real short-circuit current injected into the grid; the technical problem that when the voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected point falls due to individual difference of inverters, a general model cannot be adopted to effectively estimate the injection short-circuit current of photovoltaic power generation is further solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current evaluation method considering low voltage ride through uncertainty comprises the following steps:
s1: the following parameters were obtained: t is tmax、UmaxAnd Umin(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,tmaxrepresents the longest time that the terminal voltage can keep running without network disconnection when falling to 0pu, UmaxMaximum terminal voltage, U, indicating that the inverter can be kept in off-line operationminIndicating a non-grid-shedding running time greater than tmaxA minimum terminal voltage of;
s2: according to tmax、UmaxAnd UminEstablishing a low voltage ride through uncertainty region, a low voltage ride through certainty region and a off-line operation region of photovoltaic power generation in a rectangular coordinate system with the terminal voltage falling duration time t as a horizontal axis and the terminal voltage as a vertical axis;
s3: establishing a grid disconnection probability model of photovoltaic power generation according to grid disconnection probabilities when fault conditions respectively fall into a low voltage ride through uncertainty region, a low voltage ride through certainty region and a grid disconnection operation region;
s4: calculating an expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current, and taking the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current as a real short-circuit current injected into a power grid by photovoltaic power generation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current when the terminal voltage U falls to U and the terminal voltage falling duration t is t'; i ispv(U) represents a short-circuit current which can be provided when the terminal voltage U falls to U and the photovoltaic power generation is not in grid disconnection operation; ppv(u, t ') represents the off-line probability of the photovoltaic power generation when the terminal voltage falls to u and the terminal voltage falling duration is t', and the off-line probability is calculated according to a photovoltaic power generation off-line probability model.
Further, the low voltage ride through uncertainty region includes A, B, C three sub-regions:
and (2) area A: u shapemin≤U＜UmaxAnd t is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to tmax；
And a B region: u is more than or equal to 0 and less than UminAnd t is more than or equal to 0 and less than tmax；
C region：Umin＜U＜UmaxAnd t > tmax；
The low voltage ride through deterministic region D is: u is greater than or equal to Umax；
The off-line operation area E is as follows: u is more than or equal to 0 and less than UminAnd t > tmax。
Further, the off-grid probability model of photovoltaic power generation is as follows:
wherein, Ppv(u, t ') represents the probability of a talk-around in the case of a fault in which the terminal voltage falls to u and the terminal voltage fall duration is t'; ps1(D) Representing the probability of a grid disconnect when the fault condition falls within the low voltage deterministic region D; ps2(E) Representing the offline probability when the fault condition falls into the offline operation area E; ps3(A) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into a low-voltage uncertainty region A; ps4(B) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into a low-voltage uncertainty region B; ps5(C) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into the low-voltage uncertainty region C; f. ofx(t) represents a probability density function with terminal voltage drop duration t as a random variable; f. ofy(U) represents a probability density function with terminal voltage U as a random variable; f. ofx,y(t, U) represents the joint probability density function of the random variables t and U.
Further, the randomness of the random variables t and u is characterized by a normal distribution function, then fx(t)、fy(U)、fx,y(t, U) are respectively expressed as:
in the formula, σ1Representing the distribution density, σ, of the random variable t1＝0.05；
In the formula, σ2Representing the distribution density, σ, of the random variable t2＝(0.2-Umin)/3；
Further, low voltage ride through capability test is carried out on various types of inverters, and a parameter t is obtained from a test resultmax、UmaxAnd Umin。
Further, the parameter t is obtained from the national standard curve of the low voltage ride through capabilitymax、UmaxAnd Umin：tmax＝0.2s，
Umax＝0.3pu，Umin＝0.1pu。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the prior art, uncertainty of low voltage ride through is not considered, namely, after a power grid fault occurs, photovoltaic power generation keeps running without being disconnected from the power grid, and short-circuit current which can be generated by a single photovoltaic power generation unit is only determined by the terminal voltage dropping degree of the single photovoltaic power generation unit. However, the influence of whether a short-circuit current receptor of an actual photovoltaic injection power grid is disconnected presents uncertainty, and whether the photovoltaic power generation is disconnected when the power grid is in fault is determined by the terminal voltage falling degree and the terminal voltage falling duration time. In order to objectively represent the real short-circuit current of the photovoltaic injection power grid, the invention provides the expected value of the photovoltaic short-circuit current
The true short circuit current is described.
2. The invention establishes the low voltage ride through uncertainty region, further subdivides the low voltage ride through uncertainty region into three sub-regions, and the off-line probability calculation modes corresponding to the sub-regions are different, so that the off-line probability calculation is more accurate.
3. The method can be suitable for estimating the real short-circuit current of a specific photovoltaic generator set, so that the parameter t is requiredmax、UmaxAnd UminThe photovoltaic generator set is obtained by testing the low voltage ride through capability of the specific photovoltaic generator set.
4. The more important value of the method is that the individual difference of the photovoltaic generator set can be overcome, a universal real short-circuit current estimation method is provided, and then the parameter t is requiredmax、UmaxAnd UminIs obtained by counting a large sample group, such as: 1) the low voltage ride through capability test is carried out on a plurality of types of inverters (a plurality of inverters can be provided for each type); 2) the low voltage ride through capability test is carried out on a plurality of inverters of the same model, the pertinence is stronger, and the estimation result is more accurate; 3) the method is economical and fast to obtain parameters from the national standard curve with low voltage ride through capability, but it is noted that the update frequency of the national standard curve often lags behind the development of the technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low voltage ride through uncertainty region;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional graph of photovoltaic power generation off-grid probability;
FIG. 3 is a graph of photovoltaic short circuit current expected value, terminal voltage and terminal voltage sag duration;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
A photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current evaluation method considering low voltage ride through uncertainty comprises the following steps:
s1: the following parameters were obtained: t is tmax、UmaxAnd Umin(ii) a Wherein, tmaxRepresents the longest time that the terminal voltage can keep running without network disconnection when falling to 0pu, UmaxMaximum terminal voltage, U, indicating that the inverter can be kept in off-line operationminIndicating a non-grid-shedding running time greater than tmaxThe minimum terminal voltage. Obtaining parameter t from national standard curve of low voltage ride through capabilitymax、UmaxAnd Umin：tmax＝0.2s，Umax＝0.3pu，Umin＝0.1pu。
S2: according to tmax、UmaxAnd UminEstablishing a low voltage ride through uncertainty region, a low voltage ride through certainty region and a off-line operation region of photovoltaic power generation in a rectangular coordinate system with the terminal voltage falling duration time t as a horizontal axis and the terminal voltage as a vertical axis;
referring to FIG. 1, the low voltage ride through uncertainty region includes A, B, C three sub-regions:
and (2) area A: u shapemin≤U＜UmaxAnd t is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to tmax；
And a B region: u is more than or equal to 0 and less than UminAnd t is more than or equal to 0 and less than tmax；
And a C region: u shapemin＜U＜UmaxAnd t > tmax；
The low voltage ride through deterministic region D is: u is greater than or equal to Umax；
The off-line operation area E is as follows: u is more than or equal to 0 and less than UminAnd t > tmax。
S3: establishing a grid disconnection probability model of photovoltaic power generation according to grid disconnection probabilities when fault conditions respectively fall into a low voltage ride through uncertainty region, a low voltage ride through certainty region and a grid disconnection operation region;
s4: calculating an expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current, and taking the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current as a real short-circuit current injected into a power grid by photovoltaic power generation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current when the terminal voltage U falls to U and the terminal voltage falling duration t is t'; i ispv(U) represents a short-circuit current which can be provided when the terminal voltage U falls to U and the photovoltaic power generation is not in grid disconnection operation; ppv(u, t ') represents the off-line probability of the photovoltaic power generation when the terminal voltage falls to u and the terminal voltage falling duration is t', and the off-line probability is calculated according to a photovoltaic power generation off-line probability model.
In this embodiment, the off-grid probability model of photovoltaic power generation is as follows:
wherein, Ppv(u, t ') represents the probability of a talk-around in the case of a fault in which the terminal voltage falls to u and the terminal voltage fall duration is t'; ps1(D) Representing the probability of a grid disconnect when the fault condition falls within the low voltage deterministic region D; ps2(E) Representing the offline probability when the fault condition falls into the offline operation area E; ps3(A) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into a low-voltage uncertainty region A; ps4(B) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into a low-voltage uncertainty region B; ps5(C) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into the low-voltage uncertainty region C; f. ofx(t) represents a probability density function with terminal voltage drop duration t as a random variable; f. ofy(U) represents a probability density function with terminal voltage U as a random variable; f. ofx,y(t, U) represents the joint probability density function of the random variables t and U.
In this embodiment, the randomness of the random variables t and u is represented by a normal distribution function, and f is thenx(t)、fy(U)、fx,y(t, U) are respectively expressed as:
in the formula, σ1Representing the distribution density, σ, of the random variable t10.05 to (0.15-0)/3; the existing research literature indicates that: when the voltage of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power generation system falls to 0pu, the grid-disconnected continuous operation is ensured to be kept for 0.15s, which is the value basis of '0.15' in the formula;
in the formula, σ2Representing the distribution density, σ, of the random variable t2＝(0.2-Umin) The voltage at a grid connection point of a photovoltaic power generation system falls to a critical state near 0.2pu, which is a value basis of '0.2' in the formula, and is shown by existing research;
and (3) obtaining a three-dimensional graph of the photovoltaic power generation off-grid probability model by combining the photovoltaic power generation off-grid probability model, and referring to fig. 2, wherein a vertical coordinate Ppv in the graph represents the photovoltaic power generation off-grid probability. As can be seen from the graph, the dark blue region and the yellow region correspond to the region D and the region E in fig. 1, respectively, and their off-net probabilities Ppv are 0 and 1, respectively, and the probabilities of the remaining regions change with the terminal voltage drop degree and the drop duration.
When the uncertainty of low voltage ride through is not considered, namely the photovoltaic power generation keeps not off the grid after the grid fails, the short-circuit current generated by a single photovoltaic generator set is only determined by the terminal voltage dropping degree. However, the short-circuit current injected into the power grid by the actual photovoltaic presents uncertainty due to the influence of whether the short-circuit current is disconnected, and whether the short-circuit current is disconnected when the power grid fails is a probability event jointly determined by terminal voltage drop and failure duration.
For objective representation of the actual short-circuit current of photovoltaic injection into the grid, it is proposed herein to describe the photovoltaic generation short-circuit current by its expected value, specifically expressed as
Wherein Ipv(u) represents the short-circuit current that can be provided when the photovoltaic is not in off-grid operation when a certain voltage drops, wherein the current is determined by the terminal voltage; (1-P)pv(u, t')) represents the probability of non-network-shedding in the case of the fault, and the probability is determined by the terminal voltage and the fault duration; therefore, the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current can be considered
As a function of terminal voltage and fault duration. Assuming photovoltaic power generationWhen the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current is operated under rated power, the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current is plotted on the basis of FIG. 2
The relationship with terminal voltage U and fault duration t is shown in fig. 3: the yellow area and the dark blue area in the diagram correspond to the area D and the area E in the diagram 3 respectively, the expected values of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current of the areas are 1.5pu and 1pu respectively, the expected values of the other areas have uncertainty along with the changes of terminal voltage drops and fault duration, and the uncertainty needs to be analyzed and calculated specifically according to the actual fault conditions.
Claims (7)
1. A photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current evaluation method considering low voltage ride through uncertainty is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the following parameters were obtained: t is tmax、UmaxAnd Umin(ii) a Wherein, tmaxRepresents the longest time that the terminal voltage can keep running without network disconnection when falling to 0pu, UmaxMaximum terminal voltage, U, indicating that the inverter can be kept in off-line operationminIndicating a non-grid-shedding running time greater than tmaxA minimum terminal voltage of;
s2: according to tmax、UmaxAnd UminEstablishing a low voltage ride through uncertainty region, a low voltage ride through certainty region and a off-line operation region of photovoltaic power generation in a rectangular coordinate system with the terminal voltage falling duration time t as a horizontal axis and the terminal voltage as a vertical axis;
s3: establishing a grid disconnection probability model of photovoltaic power generation according to grid disconnection probabilities when fault conditions respectively fall into a low voltage ride through uncertainty region, a low voltage ride through certainty region and a grid disconnection operation region;
s4: calculating an expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current, and taking the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current as a real short-circuit current injected into a power grid by photovoltaic power generation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the expected value of the photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current when the terminal voltage U falls to U and the terminal voltage falling duration t is t'; i ispv(U) represents a short-circuit current which can be provided when the terminal voltage U falls to U and the photovoltaic power generation is not in grid disconnection operation; ppv(u, t ') represents the off-line probability of the photovoltaic power generation when the terminal voltage falls to u and the terminal voltage falling duration is t', and the off-line probability is calculated according to a photovoltaic power generation off-line probability model.
2. The photovoltaic power generation short-circuit current evaluation method taking into account low voltage ride-through uncertainty as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low voltage ride-through uncertainty region comprises A, B, C three sub-regions:
and (2) area A: u shapemin≤U＜UmaxAnd t is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to tmax；
And a B region: u is more than or equal to 0 and less than UminAnd t is more than or equal to 0 and less than tmax；
And a C region: u shapemin＜U＜UmaxAnd t > tmax；
The low voltage ride through deterministic region D is: u is greater than or equal to Umax；
The off-line operation area E is as follows: u is more than or equal to 0 and less than UminAnd t > tmax。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the photovoltaic power generation short circuit current assessment method taking into account the uncertainty of low voltage ride through is characterized in that the off-grid probability model of photovoltaic power generation is as follows:
wherein, Ppv(u, t ') represents the probability of a talk-around in the case of a fault in which the terminal voltage falls to u and the terminal voltage fall duration is t'; ps1(D) Representing the probability of a grid disconnect when the fault condition falls within the low voltage deterministic region D; ps2(E) Indicate the reason forThe offline probability when the barrier condition falls into the offline operation area E; ps3(A) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into a low-voltage uncertainty region A; ps4(B) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into a low-voltage uncertainty region B; ps5(C) Representing the off-line probability when the fault condition falls into the low-voltage uncertainty region C; f. ofx(t) represents a probability density function with terminal voltage drop duration t as a random variable; f. ofy(U) represents a probability density function with terminal voltage U as a random variable; f. ofx,y(t, U) represents the joint probability density function of the random variables t and U.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein f is f if the randomness of the random variables t and u is characterized by a normal distribution functionx(t)、fy(U)、fx,y(t, U) are respectively expressed as:
in the formula, σ1Representing the distribution density, σ, of the random variable t1＝0.05；
In the formula, σ2Representing the distribution density, σ, of the random variable t2＝(0.2-Umin)/3；
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the low voltage ride through capability test is performed on multiple types of inverters, and the parameter t is obtained from the test resultmax、UmaxAnd Umin。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises testing the low voltage ride through capability of a plurality of inverters of the same type, and obtaining a parameter t from the test resultmax、UmaxAnd Umin。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameter t is obtained from a national standard curve of low voltage ride through capabilitymax、UmaxAnd Umin：tmax＝0.2s，Umax＝0.3pu，Umin＝0.1pu。
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