CN110323557B - Antenna and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Antenna and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110323557B CN110323557B CN201810271734.1A CN201810271734A CN110323557B CN 110323557 B CN110323557 B CN 110323557B CN 201810271734 A CN201810271734 A CN 201810271734A CN 110323557 B CN110323557 B CN 110323557B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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Abstract
The application discloses an antenna includes: the first electronic circuit is connected with the first radiator, the second radiator and the outer conductor at a first connection point, a second connection point and an outer conductor connection point respectively, and the second electronic circuit is connected with the third radiator and the fourth radiator at a third connection point and a fourth connection point respectively; since the line length from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to the sum of the distance from the reference point to the first aperture, the length of the via hole, and the distance from the second aperture to the third connection point, the current phase of the first connection point and the third connection point can be maintained at 180 °. Since the line length from the outer conductor connection point to the second connection point is equal to the second distance, the current phase of the second connection point and the fourth connection point can be maintained at 180 °. This ensures that the radiation intensity of the antenna signal in the horizontal plane is uniform.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an antenna.
Background
With the development of antenna technology, antenna devices such as dual-band antennas and triple-band antennas have appeared in addition to single-band antennas. The antennas are divided into an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna, and the signal intensity of the omnidirectional antenna is represented as 360-degree uniform radiation on a horizontal directional diagram. The signal strength of a directional antenna appears as a range of angular radiation in the horizontal pattern.
The prior art discloses an omnidirectional antenna. The omnidirectional antenna comprises a first layer plate, a second layer plate and a metalized through hole penetrating through the first layer plate and the second layer plate. Referring to fig. 1, on the first laminate, two radiators are connected to both ends of the electronic circuit, and each radiator includes a pair of low frequency antenna elements and a pair of high frequency antenna elements. The aperture K1 of the metallized via is located in a keep-out region, which is a region where no conductor is laid, for isolating the electronic circuit from the metallized via. Referring to fig. 2, on the second board, two radiators are connected to both ends of the electronic circuit, and each radiator includes a pair of low frequency antenna elements and a pair of high frequency antenna elements. The aperture K2 of the metallized via is connected to the electronic circuitry on the second layer board. The low-frequency antenna oscillators at the same end of the first layer plate and the second layer plate form a low-frequency dual-polarized antenna, and the high-frequency antenna oscillators at the same end form a high-frequency dual-polarized antenna.
Referring to fig. 3, the omni-directional antenna is connected to the transceiver by a coaxial feed line comprising an insulator, an inner conductor and an outer conductor, the outer conductor being connected to the electronic circuitry on the first layer board by a first bond pad, the inner conductor being connected to the metallized via by a second bond pad and to the electronic circuitry on the second layer board by the metallized via. Wherein the phase difference between the current phase of the inner conductor and the current phase of the outer conductor is 180 °.
In the omnidirectional antenna, the current of the outer conductor reaches the antenna element on the first layer plate from the first welding point through the linear electronic circuit, and the current of the inner conductor firstly passes through the second welding point and the metalized through hole and then reaches the antenna element on the second layer plate through the linear electronic circuit. The current of the inner conductor needs to pass through the metalized via compared to the current of the outer conductor, and therefore the current path of the inner conductor is longer than the current path of the outer conductor. Therefore, the phase difference between the current phase of the antenna element on the first layer plate and the current phase of the antenna element on the second layer plate is often not equal to 180 degrees, the radiation intensity of the antenna elements at two ends in the horizontal direction is not uniform, and the requirement of uniform coverage of the omnidirectional antenna in the horizontal direction is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an antenna, can guarantee to reach the equal current path of the antenna element of homophase from feeder circuit to make antenna signal more even in the radiation intensity of horizontal direction.
A first aspect provides an antenna. The antenna includes: the antenna substrate comprises a first layer plate, a second layer plate and a through hole penetrating through the first layer plate and the second layer plate; the surface of the first laminate is provided with a first radiator, a second radiator and a first electronic circuit, the surface of the second laminate is provided with a third radiator, a fourth radiator and a second electronic circuit, an outer conductor of a feed lead and the first electronic circuit are connected to an outer conductor connection point, an inner conductor of the feed lead is connected with a via hole, and the via hole is connected with the second electronic circuit; the length of the line from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to the first distance and the length of the line from the outer conductor connection point to the second connection point is equal to the second distance. The first electronic circuit and the first radiator are connected to the first connection point, and the first electronic circuit and the second radiator are connected to the second connection point; the second electronic circuit is used for connecting the third radiator and the fourth radiator, the second electronic circuit and the third radiator are connected to a third connection point, and the second electronic circuit and the fourth radiator are connected to a fourth connection point; the feed wire is used for connecting the antenna and the transceiver; the shape of the electronic circuit from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point in the first electronic circuit is a curve, and the shape of the electronic circuit from the outer conductor connection point to the second connection point in the first electronic circuit is a curve; the reference point is positioned on the inner conductor and on the same cross section with the connection point of the outer conductor; the first hole is a hole of the through hole on the first layer plate, and the second hole is a hole of the through hole on the second layer plate; the first distance is the sum of the distance from the reference point to the first aperture, the length of the via, and the length of the line from the second aperture to the third connection point; the second distance is the sum of the distance from the reference point to the first aperture, the length of the via, and the length of the line from the second aperture to the fourth connection point.
In the above antenna, the line length from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to the first distance, i.e., the current path length from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to the current path length from the reference point to the third connection point. Thus, the current phase of the first connection point and the third connection point can be maintained at 180 °. Since the line length from the outer conductor connection point to the second connection point is equal to the second distance, the current phase of the second connection point and the fourth connection point can be maintained at 180 °. Therefore, the radiation intensity of the antenna signal in all directions of the horizontal plane is basically consistent, and the antenna signal is uniformly distributed on the horizontal directional diagram, so that the radiation intensity of the antenna signal in the horizontal plane is uniform. In addition, because the shape of the first electronic circuit is a curve, under the condition that the length of the curve is basically consistent with that of a linear electronic circuit in the prior art, the distance from the center of the antenna to the connecting point of the radiator in the antenna is smaller than that of the linear electronic circuit in the prior art. The antenna size that this application provided is less than current antenna size like this, has satisfied the miniaturized demand of antenna.
In one possible implementation, the length of the line from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to the length of the line from the outer conductor connection point to the second connection point. In this way, the current paths from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point and the second connection point are equal, so that the radiation intensities at the two ends of the antenna are kept consistent.
In another possible implementation, the first electronic circuitry and the second electronic circuitry are microstrip lines. The microstrip line has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high reliability and low manufacturing cost.
In another possible implementation, each radiator includes two low frequency antenna elements and two high frequency antenna elements.
In another possible implementation, the second electrical line is shaped as a straight line passing through the third connection point and the fourth connection point. The first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit manufactured in the way can realize that the line length from the outer conductor connecting point to the first connecting point is equal to the first distance, and the line length from the outer conductor connecting point to the second connecting point is equal to the second distance, so that the radiation intensity of an antenna signal in a horizontal plane is uniform.
In another possible implementation, the shape of the electronic circuit from the second aperture to the third connection point in the second electronic circuit is curved, and the shape of the electronic circuit from the second aperture to the fourth connection point in the second electronic circuit is curved. The first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit manufactured in the way can realize that the line length from the outer conductor connecting point to the first connecting point is equal to the first distance, and the line length from the outer conductor connecting point to the second connecting point is equal to the second distance, so that the radiation intensity of an antenna signal in a horizontal plane is uniform. Thereby the antenna electronics shape is more flexible and the antenna size is further reduced.
In another possible implementation, the first electronic line is shaped in an axisymmetric pattern having a center axis of a straight line passing through the first connection point and the second connection point, and the second electronic line is shaped in a straight line passing through the third connection point and the fourth connection point. This provides a particularly feasible first and second electronic circuit, whereby the electronic shape of the antenna is more flexible.
In another possible implementation, the first electronic circuit is shaped in an axisymmetric pattern having a straight line passing through the first connection point and the second connection point as a central axis, and the second electronic circuit is shaped in an axisymmetric pattern having a straight line passing through the third connection point and the fourth connection point as a central axis. This provides another particularly feasible first and second electronic circuit, whereby the electronic shape of the antenna is more flexible.
In another possible implementation, the antenna substrate is an epoxy glass fiber substrate or a teflon substrate. The substrate has the advantage of small dielectric loss, and can reduce the loss of antenna signals.
A second aspect provides an electronic device comprising an antenna of the first aspect or possible implementations above. The electronic equipment provides antenna signals with more uniform radiation intensity.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the antenna of the present application is provided with the first electronic circuit and the second electronic circuit, the first electronic circuit and the first radiator are connected to the first connection point, and the second electronic circuit and the third radiator are connected to the third connection point. Wherein the length of the line from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to a first distance, the first distance being the sum of the distance from a reference point to the first aperture, the length of the via and the distance from the second aperture to the third connection point, the reference point being on the inner conductor and being located on the same cross-section as the outer conductor connection point, i.e. the length of the current path from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to the length of the current path from the reference point to the third connection point. In this way, the current phase of the first connection point and the third connection point can be kept at 180 °, thereby ensuring that the radiation intensity of the antenna signal in the horizontal plane is more uniform. The first electronic circuit and the second radiator are connected to the second connection point, the second electronic circuit and the fourth radiator are connected to the fourth connection point, and the current phases of the second connection point and the fourth connection point can be kept at 180 °.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a first plate of a prior art antenna;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a second plate of a prior art antenna;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a prior art antenna and feed lead connection;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first current path and a second current path in the prior art;
fig. 5 is a side view of an antenna substrate in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a first laminate in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is an exploded view of a first electronic circuit and a radiator on a first laminate in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a second ply in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is an exploded view of a second electronic circuit and radiator on a second laminate in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the antenna and feed conductor connection in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a top view of a first electronic circuit in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a top view of a second electronic circuit in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is another top view of a second electronic circuit in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 14 is an antenna radiation pattern for a prior art 2.4G antenna;
fig. 15 is an antenna radiation pattern of a 2.4G antenna in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 16 is another antenna radiation pattern of the 2.4G antenna in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 17 is an antenna radiation pattern for a prior art 5G antenna;
FIG. 18 is another antenna radiation pattern for a prior art 5G antenna;
fig. 19 is an antenna radiation pattern of a 5G antenna in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 20 is another antenna radiation pattern of the 5G antenna in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 21 is a graph illustrating the efficiency of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
First, the current paths from the inner and outer conductors to the antenna elements, respectively, are described:
referring to fig. 1, the outer conductor connection point P0 is the connection point of the outer conductor to a first electrical circuit on the first laminate. The aperture of the metallized via on the first layer board is denoted as K1, the connection point of the electronic circuitry to the left-hand antenna element is denoted as a first connection point P1, and the connection point of the electronic circuitry to the right-hand antenna element is denoted as a second connection point P2.
Referring to fig. 2, on the second layer board, the aperture of the metallized via is denoted as K2, the connection point of the electronic circuitry to the left-hand antenna element is denoted as a third connection point P3, and the connection point of the electronic circuitry to the right-hand antenna element is denoted as a fourth connection point P4.
Referring to fig. 3, a reference point P0' is located on the inner conductor and in the same cross section as the outer conductor connection point P0.
The current path from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 is taken as a first current path, and the current path from the reference point P0' to the third connection point P3 is taken as a second current path. The current path length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 is denoted d1 and the current path length from P0' to P3 is denoted d 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the distance from the reference point P0 'to K1 is denoted as Δ L, the distance from K2 to P3 is denoted as L', and the distance from K1 to K2 is denoted as t.
Since the shape of an electronic circuit is a straight line in a conventional antenna, d1 is Δ L + L'. From d1 ═ Δ L + L ', d3 ═ Δ L + t + L', it can be seen that the difference between d1 and d3 is t. Thus, the phase difference of the current phase at the first connection point P1 and the current phase at the third connection point P3 is: 180 ° +360 ° + t/λ.
The current path length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to P2 is denoted d2 and the current path length from P0' to P4 is denoted d 4. The difference between d2 and d4 is: 2 Δ L + t. Thus, the phase difference between the current phase at P2 and the current phase at P4 is: 180 ° +360 ° (2 × Δ L + t)/λ. The existing antenna design often ignores the phase difference, so that the omnidirectional radiation intensity of the antenna oscillators at two ends is not uniform.
In order to solve the problem, the application provides an antenna, which can ensure that current paths from a feed line to antenna elements at the same end are equal, so that antenna signal radiation is more uniform. The antenna of the present application can be applied to Wireless network devices such as a Wireless router and a Wireless gateway, for example, a Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) antenna. The antenna is connected to the transceiver by a feed conductor.
Referring to fig. 5, the present application provides an embodiment of an antenna comprising:
the antenna substrate includes a first layer plate 11, a second layer plate 12, and a via hole 13 penetrating the first layer plate 11 and the second layer plate 12. The antenna substrate may be a glass epoxy (e.g., FR4) substrate, a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate, a Cyanate Ester (CE) substrate, a Polystyrene (PS) substrate, or the like. Since the PTFE substrate, the CE substrate, and the PS substrate have low dielectric loss, the use of the above substrates can reduce the loss of the antenna signal. The via 13 may be a metalized via.
Referring to fig. 6, a first radiator 21, a first electronic circuit 22, and a second radiator 23 are provided on a surface of the first laminate 11. The first aperture 131 of the via 13 on the first board 11 is disposed in a keep-out region for isolating the first electronic circuit 22 and the first aperture 131. The first radiator 21 and the first electronic circuit 22 are connected to a first connection point P1, and the second radiator 23 and the first electronic circuit 22 are connected to a second connection point P2.
Referring to fig. 7, the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 23 include a pair of low frequency antenna elements and a pair of high frequency antenna elements, respectively. The shape of the first electronic circuit 22 may be a curved line or a combined shape including a straight line and a curved line.
Referring to fig. 8, a third radiator 24, a second electronic circuit 25, and a fourth radiator 26 are provided on the surface of the second laminate 12. A second aperture 132 of the via 13 in the second layer plate 12 is provided in the second electronic circuit 25. The third radiator 24 and the second electronic circuit 25 are connected to a third connection point P3, and the fourth radiator 26 and the second electronic circuit 25 are connected to a fourth connection point P4.
Referring to fig. 9, the third radiator 24 and the fourth radiator 26 include a pair of low frequency antenna elements and a pair of high frequency antenna elements, respectively. The second electronic circuit 25 may be shaped as a straight line. The shape of the second electronic circuit 25 may be a curved line or a combined shape including a straight line and a curved line.
Alternatively, the first electronic circuit 22 and the second electronic circuit 25 may be microstrip lines, which are microwave transmission lines made of conductors on the antenna substrate. Each radiator comprises two low frequency antenna elements and two high frequency antenna elements. Specifically, when the antenna is configured as a dual-band antenna of 2.4G and 5G, the low-frequency antenna element is used for transmitting or receiving a wireless signal of 2.4GHz, and the high-frequency antenna element is used for transmitting or receiving a wireless signal of 5 GHz.
Referring to fig. 10, the outer conductor 33 of the feed lead is connected to the first electronic circuit 22 on the first board 11 by a first connection 41, the inner conductor 31 of the feed lead is connected to the via 13 by a second connection 42, and the via 13 is connected to the second electronic circuit 25. In this way, the inner conductor 31 is connected to the second electronic circuit 25 through the via 13. The insulator 32 is used to separate the inner conductor 31 and the outer conductor 33, and the insulator 34 is an insulating layer covering the outer conductor. The first connection portion 41 and the second connection portion 42 may be solder points. It is understood that the first radiator 21, the first electronic circuit 22, the second radiator 23, the third radiator 24, the second electronic circuit 25, and the fourth radiator 26 are not shown in fig. 10.
The outer conductor connection point P0 may be located at the center of the first connection portion 41, and when the outer conductor 33 is connected to the first electronic circuit 22 by soldering, the outer conductor connection point P0 may be located at the center of the first connection portion 41. When the area of the first connection portion 41 is large, the outer conductor connection point P0 may be the center of the connection region of the first connection portion 41 and the first electronic circuit 22 or a point near the center of the region. The reference point P0' is a point on the inner conductor 31 and on the same cross section as the outer conductor connection point P0. It is understood that the means for electrically connecting the outer conductor 33 and the inner conductor 31 to the first electronic circuit 22 includes, but is not limited to, soldering, for example, using an adhesive to bring the first electronic circuit 22 into contact with the outer conductor 33.
The shape of the electrical trace in the first electrical trace 22 from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 is a curve, the trace length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 is equal to the first distance, which is the sum of the distance from the reference point P0' to the first aperture 131, the length of the via 13, and the trace length from the second aperture 132 to the third connection point P3.
The shape of the trace in first trace 22 from outer conductor connection point P0 to second connection point P2 is a curve, the trace length from outer conductor connection point P0 to second connection point P2 is equal to the second distance, which is the sum of the distance from reference point P0' to first aperture 131, the length of via 13, and the trace length from second aperture 132 to fourth connection point P4, the length of via 13 referring to the distance from first aperture 131 to second aperture 132. It should be noted that, when the height of the second connection portion 42 is less than the preset height, the inner conductor 31 may be considered to be directly connected to the first aperture 131, and the distance from the reference point P0 'to the first aperture 131 is the conductor length from the reference point P0' to the first aperture 131.
It will be appreciated that the line length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 is the current path length for current from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1, and the first distance is the current path length for current from the reference point P0' to the third connection point P3. In this way, the phase of the excitation current of the first radiator 21 and the phase of the excitation current of the third radiator 24 coincide.
The length of the electronic circuit from the reference point P0' to the third connection point P3 is the current path length of the current from the reference point P0' to the third connection point P3, and the second distance is the current path length of the current from the reference point P0' to the fourth connection point P4. Thus, the phase of the excitation current of the second radiator 23 coincides with the phase of the excitation current of the fourth radiator 26.
The current paths from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 and the second connection point P2 are equal. The current paths from the reference point P0' to the third connection point P3 and the fourth connection point P4, respectively, are equal.
In this embodiment, the phase of the excitation current of the first radiator 21 is identical to the phase of the excitation current of the second radiator 23, and the phase of the excitation current of the third radiator 24 is identical to the phase of the excitation current of the fourth radiator 26. The phase of the excitation current of the first radiator 21 and the phase of the excitation current of the third radiator 24 are different by 180 °, and the phase of the excitation current of the second radiator 23 and the phase of the excitation current of the fourth radiator 26 are different by 180 °. Thus, the radiation intensity of the antenna signal in all directions of the horizontal plane is basically consistent, and the antenna signal is uniformly distributed on the horizontal directional diagram. Compared with the prior art, the radiation intensity of the antenna signal is more uniform.
In another alternative embodiment, the shape of the electrical circuit from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 in the first electrical circuit 22 is curvilinear, and the shape of the electrical circuit from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the second connection point P2 in the first electrical circuit 22 is curvilinear; the second electronic circuit 25 has a straight line passing through the third connection point P3 and the fourth connection point P4.
Specifically, the first electronic circuit 22 may be the first electronic circuit 22 shown in fig. 7, or may be an upper half or a lower half of the first electronic circuit 22 shown in fig. 7. The second electronic circuit 25 is shaped as shown in fig. 9.
The present embodiment provides an electronic circuit structure capable of making the line length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 equal to the first distance and the line length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the second connection point P3 equal to the second distance. In this way, the radiation intensity of the antenna signal in all directions of the horizontal plane is substantially uniform, and the antenna signal is uniformly distributed in the horizontal directional pattern. Compared with the prior art, the radiation intensity of the antenna signal is more uniform.
Secondly, because the shape of the electronic circuit is a curve, under the condition that the length of the curve is basically consistent with that of a linear electronic circuit in the prior art, the linear distance from the center of the antenna to the connecting point of the radiator in the antenna is smaller than that of the linear electronic circuit in the prior art. The antenna size that this application provided is less than current antenna size like this, has satisfied the miniaturized demand of antenna.
In another alternative embodiment, the shape of the electrical circuit from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 in the first electrical circuit 22 is curvilinear, and the shape of the electrical circuit from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the second connection point P2 in the first electrical circuit 22 is curvilinear; the shape of the electronic circuit from the second aperture 132 to the third connection point P3 in the second electronic circuit 25 is curved, and the shape of the electronic circuit from the second aperture 132 to the fourth connection point P4 in the second electronic circuit 25 is curved.
It should be noted that the first electronic circuit 22 may also be in the shape of the upper half or the lower half of the first electronic circuit of the embodiment shown in fig. 7. The second electronic circuit 25 may also be shaped as the upper or lower half of the second electronic circuit in the embodiment shown in fig. 13.
The present embodiment provides another electronic circuit configuration capable of making the line length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 equal to the first distance and the line length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the third connection point P3 equal to the second distance. This enables the manufacture of antennas of more shapes and further reduces the size of the antenna.
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, in another alternative embodiment, the first electronic circuit 22 is shaped in an axisymmetric pattern centered on a straight line passing through the first connection point P1 and the second connection point P2, and the second electronic circuit 25 is shaped in a straight line passing through the third connection point P3 and the fourth connection point P4.
The line length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 is: 2 × L1+ L2+ L3.
The first distance is: Δ L + t + L6. Δ L is the distance from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first aperture 131, t is the distance from the first aperture 131 to the second aperture 132 (i.e., the length of the via 13), and L6 is the distance from the second aperture 132 to the third connection point P3.
In this embodiment, the shape of the middle portion of the first electronic circuit may be circular, rhombic, or other shapes besides rectangular. It should be noted that, when the via is a metalized via and the second electronic circuit 25 is a microstrip line, the phase of the current transmitted by the current through the metalized via and the phase of the current transmitted by the microstrip line may change, where the first distance is: Δ L + t' + L6. t' is the conversion of the length of the current path transmitted through the metalized via to the length of the current path transmitted through the microstrip line.
It will be appreciated that the length of the line from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 is equal to the first distance, i.e. 2 x L1+ L2+ L3-2 x L1+ L4+ L5. The line length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the second connection point P2 is equal to the second distance, i.e., 2 × L1+ L4+ L5 ═ Δ L + t + L7. L7 is the line length from the second aperture 132 to the fourth connection point P4. The first electronic circuit 22 may be arranged symmetrically.
Referring to fig. 11 and 13, in another alternative embodiment, the first electronic circuit 22 is shaped in an axisymmetric pattern centered on a straight line passing through the first connection point P1 and the second connection point P2, and the second electronic circuit 25 is shaped in an axisymmetric pattern centered on a straight line passing through the third connection point P3 and the fourth connection point P4.
The line length from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 is: 2 × L1+ L2+ L3.
The first distance is: Δ L + t +2 × L8+ L9+ L10.
Namely 2 × L1+ L2+ L3 ═ Δ L + t +2 × L8+ L9+ L10.
Similarly, 2 × L1+ L4+ L5 is Δ L + t +2 × L8+ L11+ L12.
In this embodiment, the electronic circuitry of the intermediate portion of the first electronic circuitry is longer than the electronic circuitry of the intermediate portion of the second electronic circuitry. This makes the length of the line from the outer conductor connection point P0 to the first connection point P1 equal to the first distance, thereby making the radiation intensity of the antenna signal uniformly distributed in the horizontal plane.
For ease of understanding, the field intensity distribution of the antenna of the prior art and the present application is described below in a specific application scenario:
based on the prior art antenna, when Theta is 90 °, the antenna pattern of the 2.4G antenna element is shown in fig. 14. Theta is the angle parameter of the vertical plane and Phi is the angle parameter of the horizontal plane. In the horizontal plane (also called XOY plane), the antenna field strength is as shown in table 1:
| 2400 | 2420 | 2440 | 2460 | 2480 | 2500 | |
| average gain in horizontal plane (dBi) | -1.61 | -1.82 | -1.93 | -2.11 | -2.45 | -2.64 |
| Out-of-roundness at horizontal plane (dB) | 5.94 | 6.06 | 6.27 | 7.09 | 7.76 | 7.95 |
| Minimum gain in horizontal plane (dB) | -6.08 | -6.33 | -6.52 | -7.32 | -8.21 | -8.46 |
| Four angle out-of-roundness (dBi) | 5.07 | 5.22 | 5.30 | 6.04 | 7.00 | 7.01 |
| Four angle minimum gain (dBi) | -6.08 | -6.33 | -6.52 | -7.32 | -8.21 | -8.46 |
TABLE 1
Based on the antenna of the present application, when Theta is 0 ° and Phi is 180 °, the antenna pattern of the 2.4G antenna element is shown in fig. 15. When Theta is 90 °, the antenna pattern of the 2.4G antenna element is shown in fig. 16. In the horizontal plane (also called XOY plane), the antenna field strength is as shown in table 2:
| 2400 | 2420 | 2440 | 2460 | 2480 | 2500 | |
| average gain in horizontal plane (dBi) | -0.36 | -0.56 | -0.30 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.52 |
| Out-of-roundness at horizontal plane (dB) | 2.37 | 2.96 | 3.02 | 2.52 | 2.48 | 2.14 |
| Minimum gain in horizontal plane (dB) | -2.48 | -3.06 | -3.20 | -2.54 | -2.20 | -1.58 |
| Four angle out-of-roundness (dBi) | 0.30 | 0.71 | 1.50 | 1.58 | 1.70 | 2.08 |
| Four angle minimum gain (dBi) | -1.31 | -1.72 | -1.87 | -1.71 | -1.87 | -1.58 |
TABLE 2
It can be seen from comparison between table 1 and table 2 that, in the frequency band of 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz, the average gain in the horizontal plane and the minimum gain in the horizontal plane of the antenna of the present application are respectively greater than those of the antenna in the prior art. Moreover, the out-of-roundness of the horizontal plane of the antenna is smaller than that of the antenna in the prior art, namely, the signal field intensity of the antenna is more uniformly distributed on the horizontal plane.
Based on the prior art antenna, when Theta is 0 ° and Phi is 180 °, the antenna pattern of the 5.5G antenna element is shown in fig. 17. When Theta is 90 °, the antenna pattern of the 5.5G antenna element is shown in fig. 18. In the horizontal plane (also called XOY plane), the antenna field strength is as shown in table 3:
| 5150 | 5250 | 5350 | 5450 | 5550 | 5650 | 5750 | 5850 | |
| average gain in horizontal plane (dBi) | 0.68 | -0.71 | -0.73 | 0.11 | 0.78 | 1.11 | 1.61 | 1.52 |
| Out-of-roundness at horizontal plane (dB) | 3.91 | 4.72 | 4.81 | 3.92 | 3.92 | 4.76 | 5.16 | 4.92 |
| Minimum gain in horizontal plane (dB) | -0.81 | -3.24 | -3.12 | -1.46 | -1.17 | -1.53 | -1.51 | -0.76 |
| Four angle out-of-roundness (dBi) | 2.18 | 3.50 | 3.74 | 2.50 | 2.03 | 3.15 | 5.01 | 3.99 |
| Four angle minimum gain (dBi) | -0.04 | -2.2 | -3.12 | -1.46 | -0.34 | -0.46 | -1.38 | -0.76 |
TABLE 3
Based on the antenna of the present application, when Theta is 0 ° and Phi is 180 °, the antenna pattern of the 5G antenna element is shown in fig. 19. When Theta is 90 °, the antenna pattern of the 5G antenna element is shown in fig. 20. In the horizontal plane (also called XOY plane), the antenna field strengths are as shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, in the frequency band of 5.15GHz to 5.85GHz, the average gain in the horizontal plane and the minimum gain in the horizontal plane of the antenna of the present application are respectively greater than those of the antenna in the prior art. Moreover, the out-of-roundness of the horizontal plane of the antenna is smaller than that of the antenna in the prior art, namely, the signal field intensity of the antenna is more uniformly distributed on the horizontal plane.
The antenna efficiency of the antenna of the present application is shown in fig. 21. The vertical axis is the antenna efficiency and the horizontal axis is the frequency band. The antenna efficiency is more than-1 dB at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz, and the antenna efficiency is about-2 dB at the frequency band of 5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz.
Referring to fig. 22, the present application provides an electronic device 2200, one embodiment of the electronic device 2200 comprising:
a receiver 2201, a transmitter 2202, a memory 2203, a processor 2204, and an antenna 2205.
The receiver 2201, the transmitter 2202, and the memory 2203 are all coupled to the processor 2204, for example, via a bus. The antenna 2205 is connected to the receiver 2201 and the transmitter 2202, respectively, by feed conductors. The number of receivers 2201, transmitters 2202, memory 2203, processors 2204, and antennas 2205 can be one or more.
The specific description of the antenna 2205 can be found in the description of the antenna in the above embodiments.
The receiver 2201 and the transmitter 2202 may be integrated together to form a transceiver.
The Memory 2203 may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) Memory, and may further include a non-volatile Memory (NVM), such as at least one disk Memory.
The antenna and the electronic device provided in the present application are described in detail above, and a person skilled in the art may change the concepts of the embodiments of the present application in the specific implementation and the application scope, therefore, the content of the present application should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna, comprising:
the antenna substrate comprises a first layer plate, a second layer plate and a through hole penetrating through the first layer plate and the second layer plate;
a first radiator, a second radiator and a first electronic circuit are arranged on the surface of the first laminate, the first electronic circuit is used for connecting the first radiator and the second radiator, the first electronic circuit and the first radiator are connected to a first connection point, and the first electronic circuit and the second radiator are connected to a second connection point;
a third radiator, a fourth radiator and a second electronic circuit are arranged on the surface of the second laminate, the second electronic circuit is used for connecting the third radiator and the fourth radiator, the second electronic circuit and the third radiator are connected to a third connection point, and the second electronic circuit and the fourth radiator are connected to a fourth connection point;
the outer conductor of the feed lead and the first electronic circuit are connected with an outer conductor connection point, the inner conductor of the feed lead is connected with the through hole, the through hole is connected with the second electronic circuit, and the feed lead is used for connecting the antenna and the transceiver;
the shape of the electrical trace in the first electrical trace from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is curved, the trace length from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to a first distance, the first distance is the sum of the distance from a reference point on the inner conductor and on the same cross-section as the outer conductor connection point, the length of the via and the trace length from the second aperture to the third connection point;
the shape of the electrical trace in the first electrical trace from the outer conductor connection point to the second connection point is curvilinear, the trace length from the outer conductor connection point to the second connection point is equal to a second distance, the second distance is the sum of the distance from the reference point to the first aperture, the length of the via, and the trace length from the second aperture to the fourth connection point, the first aperture is the aperture of the via on the first tier board, and the second aperture is the aperture of the via on the second tier board.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein a trace length from the outer conductor connection point to the first connection point is equal to a trace length from the outer conductor connection point to the second connection point.
3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first and second electronic circuits are microstrip lines.
4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein each radiator comprises two low frequency antenna elements and two high frequency antenna elements.
5. An antenna according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second electrical line is shaped as a straight line passing through the third and fourth connection points.
6. An antenna according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shape of the electronic circuitry from the second aperture to the third connection point in the second electronic circuitry is curved and the shape of the electronic circuitry from the second aperture to the fourth connection point in the second electronic circuitry is curved.
7. An antenna according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said first electronic line is shaped in an axisymmetric pattern having a center axis of a straight line passing through said first connection point and said second connection point, and said second electronic line is shaped in a straight line passing through said third connection point and said fourth connection point.
8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first electronic circuit has a shape of an axisymmetric pattern having a center axis of a straight line passing through the first connection point and the second connection point, and the second electronic circuit has a shape of an axisymmetric pattern having a center axis of a straight line passing through the third connection point and the fourth connection point.
9. The antenna according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antenna substrate is an epoxy glass fiber substrate or a Teflon substrate.
10. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises an antenna according to any of claims 1-9.
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