CN110322689A - A kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark - Google Patents
A kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于公路工程技术领域,具体涉及一种高速公路弯道标志可视域模型。The invention belongs to the technical field of highway engineering, and in particular relates to a visual domain model of an expressway curve sign.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国高速公路建设的不断发展,近年来公路里程数主要是西部的多山地区增加较多。山丘地区高速公路受复杂地形地貌影响,圆曲线对高速公路线形起着举足轻重的作用,从而形成众多弯道且大多视线受阻,而行驶的车辆由于弯道上中央分隔带、右侧行驶的车辆、路侧的植物、边坡、隔音墙等对标志形成遮挡,这些遮挡对交通标志的认读造成一定的影响,导致驾驶员读取时间不够、读取不够充分、甚至读取信息错误而导致操作失误或者判断失误,从而导致追尾、侧翻、碰撞等交通事故的发生。With the continuous development of expressway construction in our country, the mileage of highways has increased mainly in the mountainous areas in the west in recent years. Expressways in hilly areas are affected by complex terrain and landforms, and circular curves play a pivotal role in the alignment of expressways, thus forming many curves and most of them have blocked sightlines. Roadside plants, slopes, soundproof walls, etc. block signs, which have a certain impact on the recognition and reading of traffic signs, resulting in insufficient reading time for drivers, insufficient reading, and even wrong reading information, resulting in operating Mistakes or misjudgments can lead to traffic accidents such as rear-end collisions, rollovers, and collisions.
对国内外关于弯道处标志遮挡的研究进行了总结和分析,发现目前国内外对于弯道处标志被遮挡的研究存在以下局限性:现阶段关于高速公路交通标志的研究,大多都致力于标志的视认性、版面设计等方面,基于遮挡对标志的影响方面仍有欠缺;在同向车辆对标志遮挡概率方面的研究较多,建立了一些动态遮挡概率模型,但是这些遮挡模型仅仅解决了同向车辆遮挡标志的问题,而标志在实际遮挡过程中受多种因素影响,高速公路弯道标志的设置、植物种植、路侧边坡的坡率、隔音墙设置的位置等不合理导致标志被遮挡,进而成为事故隐患。After summarizing and analyzing the domestic and foreign research on sign occlusion at curves, it is found that the current research on sign occlusion at bends at home and abroad has the following limitations: At present, most of the research on expressway traffic signs is devoted to sign occlusion. In terms of visibility, layout design, etc., there are still deficiencies based on the influence of occlusion on signs; there are many studies on the occlusion probability of signs by vehicles in the same direction, and some dynamic occlusion probability models have been established, but these occlusion models only solve the problem. The problem of vehicles in the same direction blocking the sign, and the sign is affected by many factors in the actual blocking process, such as the setting of the highway curve sign, planting, slope ratio of the roadside slope, and the location of the sound insulation wall, etc. lead to signs be blocked, and become a potential accident hazard.
因此,有必要建立弯道标志可视域动态模型,准确表示实际遮挡过程,从而针对可视域内的遮挡要素提出相应的解决措施,减少弯道路段交通事故的发生。Therefore, it is necessary to establish a dynamic model of the visual domain of curve markings to accurately represent the actual occlusion process, so as to propose corresponding solutions to the occlusion elements in the visual domain to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents on curved road sections.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对以上问题,本发明提供一种高速公路弯道标志可视域模型。本发明针对高速路弯道标志的可视域被遮挡问题进行研究,首先对标志可视域进行了定义,提出了遮挡判断依据;其次对高速公路弯道标志的可视过程构建几何模型,并推导出可视域的计算方程;最后用所创建的可视域模型对京港澳高速公路湖南段进行了计算分析,其结果验证了模型的正确性和有效性。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a visual domain model of expressway curve sign. The present invention studies the problem that the visual domain of the curve sign on the expressway is blocked. First, the visual domain of the sign is defined, and the basis for judging the occlusion is proposed; secondly, a geometric model is constructed for the visual process of the curve mark on the expressway, and The calculation equation of the visual domain is deduced; finally, the calculation and analysis of the Hunan section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau Expressway is carried out with the created visual domain model, and the results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the model.
本发明通过以下技术方案实现:The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种高速公路弯道标志可视域模型,该模型的高速公路弯道标志可视域的体积计算方程为:A highway curve sign visual area model, the volume calculation equation of the expressway curve sign visual area is:
式中,In the formula,
a:标志的长度,单位m;a: the length of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间。t i : the time from the initial reading point B to the vanishing point E to read the sign.
本发明的高速公路弯道标志可视域模型的构建包括以下步骤:The construction of the highway curve sign visual domain model of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)对所发生的弯道事故地点的标志情况进行分析,从各方面分析弯道标志可视域被遮挡的因素。(1) Analyze the sign situation of the place where the bend accident occurred, and analyze the factors that the visual field of the bend sign is blocked from various aspects.
(2)对标志可视域进行定义:依据《公路交通标志和标线设置手册》(JTGD82-2009)中交通标志认读过程分析,弯道标志的认读过程如图1所示,其中A为视认点,B为始读点,C为读完点,D为行动点,E为消失点,S为标志,F为动作完成点。(2) Define the visual area of the sign: According to the analysis of the process of recognizing and reading the traffic sign in the "Handbook of Highway Traffic Signs and Markings" (JTGD82-2009), the process of recognizing and reading the curve sign is shown in Figure 1, where A B is the starting point of reading, C is the point of finishing reading, D is the point of action, E is the point of disappearance, S is the mark, and F is the point of completion of action.
通常,行驶车辆中的驾驶员在A点处已发现了标志S,在B点处开始读取标志内容,到C点可以把标志信息完全获取,称距离为读取距离;读完标志后,驾驶员会在C点到D点间的距离内采取行动判断,称距离为判断距离;最后驾驶员从D点开始行动,直到F点行动完成,称距离为行动距离;B点到标志S的距离称为视认距离驾驶员在行驶过程中邻近标志时由于角度和视野盲区而看不见标志的区域到标志S的距离称为消失距离读完点C到标志S的距离为 Usually, the driver in the driving vehicle has found the sign S at point A, starts to read the content of the sign at point B, and can fully obtain the sign information at point C, which is called distance To read the distance; after reading the sign, the driver will take actions to judge within the distance between point C and point D, which is called distance In order to judge the distance; finally, the driver starts to act from point D until the action of point F is completed, which is called the distance is the action distance; the distance from point B to the sign S is called the visual distance When the driver approaches the sign during driving, the distance from the area where the sign cannot be seen due to the angle and the blind spot of the field of vision to the sign S is called the vanishing distance The distance from point C to sign S after reading is
如果距离比距离短,消失点E在读完点C之前出现,这就会造成标志认读时间不够,驾驶员不能准确判读标志内容。如果则读完点C与消失点E重合,即标志认读的极限值。本发明的标志可视域被遮挡范围,为了提供具有宽容性的标志认读时间,假设同时,从始读点B开始到消失点E之间,在读取标志的视线通廊里不能出现遮挡物。故本发明将标志可视域过程定为认读距离根据图1,有: if distance ratio The distance is short, and the vanishing point E appears before point C is read, which will result in insufficient sign recognition time, and the driver cannot accurately interpret the sign content. if Then the point C after reading coincides with the vanishing point E, which is the limit value of sign recognition and reading. In order to provide a tolerant sign recognition and reading time, it is assumed that the visible area of the sign in the present invention is blocked At the same time, from the starting reading point B to the vanishing point E, no obstructions can appear in the sight corridor of reading signs. Therefore, the present invention defines the sign visual field process as the reading distance According to Figure 1, there are:
式中,为读取距离,即驾驶员在B点处开始读取标志内容,到C点可以把标志信息完全获取;In the formula, To read the distance, that is, the driver starts to read the content of the sign at point B, and can fully obtain the sign information at point C;
为读完点C到标志S的距离; is the distance from point C to sign S after reading;
为消失距离,即消失点E到标志S的距离; is the vanishing distance, that is, the distance from the vanishing point E to the sign S;
假设汽车匀速行驶,则 Assuming the car is traveling at a constant speed, then
式中:In the formula:
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
t:认读时间,即认读标志所需的时间,单位s;t: reading time, that is, the time required to read the sign, unit s;
式中:In the formula:
5.67为日本土木研究所的实验结果所得;5.67 is obtained from the experimental results of the Japanese Civil Engineering Research Institute;
h*:标志上有效字符高度,单位m;h * : effective character height on the logo, unit m;
式中:In the formula:
H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: The setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m;
θ:消失角,即消失点与标志的夹角;θ: Vanishing angle, that is, the angle between the vanishing point and the mark;
将式(1-2)、(1-3)和(1-4)代入式(1-1)中,有: Substituting formula (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4) into formula (1-1), we have:
式中:In the formula:
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
t:认读时间,即认读标志所需的时间,单位s;t: reading time, that is, the time required to read the sign, unit s;
h*:标志上有效字符高度,单位m;h * : effective character height on the logo, unit m;
H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: The setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m;
θ:消失角,即消失点与标志的夹角。θ: Vanishing angle, that is, the angle between the vanishing point and the mark.
(3)对高速公路弯道标志的可视过程构建几何模型:(3) Construct a geometric model for the visual process of expressway curve signs:
建立空间直角坐标系:以弯道圆曲线的圆心为原点,以圆心到始读点B的连线为X轴,正向建立X轴,Y轴垂直于X轴,且Y轴正向为始读点B到标志S的方向,Z轴垂直地面向上;Establish a space Cartesian coordinate system: take the center of the curved circular curve as the origin, take the line from the center of the circle to the starting reading point B as the X-axis, establish the X-axis in the positive direction, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis, and the positive direction of the Y-axis is the starting point Read the direction from point B to mark S, and the Z axis is vertically upward;
作高速公路弯道标志的可视域模型,如图2所示;Make the visual domain model of the highway curve sign, as shown in Figure 2;
作高速公路弯道标志可视域断面图,如图3所示;Make a cross-sectional view of the highway curve sign visual domain, as shown in Figure 3;
由图3可知,标志中心到地面的垂直高度h1=H+b/2……(1-6),It can be seen from Figure 3 that the vertical height h 1 from the center of the sign to the ground = H+b/2...(1-6),
标志中心到驾驶员视高的垂直高度h2=H+b/2-h……(1-7),The vertical height h 2 from the center of the sign to the driver's sight height = H+b/2-h...(1-7),
式中,In the formula,
H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: The setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m;
由图2和图3可知,标志的空间坐标为(Rcosβ,Rsinβ,H+b/2)……(1-8)It can be seen from Figure 2 and Figure 3 that the spatial coordinates of the logo are (Rcosβ, Rsinβ, H+b/2)...(1-8)
式中,In the formula,
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: The setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
根据图3,由勾股定理可知, According to Figure 3, it can be known from the Pythagorean theorem,
根据图2,由三角形的边角关系可知,d2=R2+r2-2Rrcosβ……(1-10)According to Figure 2, it can be seen from the relationship between the sides and angles of the triangle that d 2 =R 2 +r 2 -2Rrcosβ...(1-10)
所以 so
式中,In the formula,
d:驾驶员视高到标志的水平距离,单位m;d: the horizontal distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign, in m;
L:驾驶员的视高到标志中心点的距离,单位m;L: the distance from the driver's apparent height to the center of the sign, in m;
H:地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
在经过始读点B后,驾驶员并未采取行动,汽车的速度保持不变,则汽车在从始读点B到消失点E过程中行驶的弧线距离Z=v.ti……(1-12)After passing the starting reading point B, the driver does not take any action, and the speed of the car remains unchanged, then the arc distance Z=vt i traveled by the car during the process from the starting reading point B to the vanishing point E...(1- 12)
式中,In the formula,
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间;t i : the time from the start reading point B to the vanishing point E to recognize and read the sign;
根据圆弧的弧度计算公式可知,汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度 According to the calculation formula of the arc, it can be known that the angle that the car turns relative to the positive X axis when driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E
式中,In the formula,
Z:汽车在从始读点B到消失点E过程中行驶的弧线距离,单位m;Z: The arc distance traveled by the car from the starting point B to the vanishing point E, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
将式(1-12)代入式(1-13)中,有: Substituting formula (1-12) into formula (1-13), we have:
式中:In the formula:
α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;α: The angle that the car has turned relative to the positive X axis when it is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E;
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间;t i : the time from the start reading point B to the vanishing point E to recognize and read the sign;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
汽车在从始读点B到消失点E行驶过程中,驾驶员视高到标志的距离有:When the car is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E, the distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign is:
Ⅰ.在始读点B,驾驶员视高到标志的距离 Ⅰ. At the starting point B, the distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign
式中,In the formula,
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
t:认读时间,即认读标志所需的时间,单位s;t: reading time, that is, the time required to read the sign, unit s;
5.67为日本土木研究所的实验结果所得;5.67 is obtained from the experimental results of the Japanese Civil Engineering Research Institute;
h*:标志上有效字符高度,单位m;h * : effective character height on the logo, unit m;
Ⅱ.在始读点B到消失点E之间:根据图2和图3可知,驾驶员视高的空间坐标为(rcosα,rsinα,h)……(1-16)Ⅱ. Between the starting point B and the vanishing point E: According to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the spatial coordinates of the driver's apparent height are (rcosα, rsinα, h)...(1-16)
式中,In the formula,
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;α: The angle that the car has turned relative to the positive X axis when it is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m;
由式(1-8)和式(1-16)知,驾驶员视高到标志的距离According to formula (1-8) and formula (1-16), the distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign
将式(1-14)代入式(1-17)有:Substituting formula (1-14) into formula (1-17) has:
式中:In the formula:
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间;t i : the time from the start reading point B to the vanishing point E to recognize and read the sign;
H:地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m;
汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶过程中,驾驶员的视高到标志形成的四棱锥空间体积:Vi=1/3abd……(1-19)During the driving process of the car from the starting point B to the vanishing point E, the volume of the quadrangular pyramid space formed by the driver's apparent height to the sign: V i =1/3abd...(1-19)
式中,In the formula,
a:标志的长度,单位m;a: the length of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
d:驾驶员视高到标志的水平距离,单位m;d: the horizontal distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign, in m;
由式(1-8)和式(1-16)知, According to formula (1-8) and formula (1-16),
式中,In the formula,
d:驾驶员视高到标志的水平距离,单位m;d: the horizontal distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign, in m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;α: The angle that the car has turned relative to the positive X axis when it is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
将式(1-20)代入式(1-19)中,得到Substituting formula (1-20) into formula (1-19), we get
式中,In the formula,
a:标志的长度,单位m;a: the length of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;α: The angle that the car has turned relative to the positive X axis when it is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
将式(1-14)代入式(1-21),得到Substituting formula (1-14) into formula (1-21), we get
式中,In the formula,
a:标志的长度,单位m;a: the length of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间。t i : the time from the initial reading point B to the vanishing point E to read the sign.
作为技术方案的优选,所述标志为路侧标志牌或者悬空标志牌。As a preferred technical solution, the sign is a roadside sign or a suspended sign.
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点及有益效果为:Compared with prior art, advantage and beneficial effect of the present invention are:
(1)本发明的模型充分考虑了弯道、车、标志等因素的影响,建立的可视域模型为动态模型,可以更加准确地描述弯道处标志可视域,用其对京港澳高速公路湖南段进行了计算分析,其结果验证了模型的正确性和有效性。(1) The model of the present invention fully considers the influence of factors such as curves, cars, signs, etc., and the visual domain model established is a dynamic model, which can more accurately describe the visual domain of the signs at the curve, and use it for Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway The Hunan section of the highway was calculated and analyzed, and the results verified the correctness and effectiveness of the model.
(2)本发明的计算方法能计算出地各个高速公路弯道路段不同半径的可视域区域,行驶速度和可视域之间的关系,行驶速度越快可视域变化越快,基于此能够为高速公路弯道标志的设置、植物种植、公路征地范围等提供设计依据,也适用于高速公路设计规划和安全管理,为有效解决山丘地区高速公路弯道标志可视域被遮挡问题提供参考。(2) the calculation method of the present invention can calculate the visual field area of each freeway curve section different radius, the relation between driving speed and the visual field, the faster the visual field changes the faster the driving speed, based on this It can provide design basis for the setting of highway curve signs, plant planting, road land acquisition range, etc. It is also suitable for highway design planning and safety management, and provides a solution for effectively solving the problem that the visual field of highway curve signs in hilly areas is blocked. refer to.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明弯道标志的认读过程示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the recognition and reading process of the curve marking in the present invention.
图2为本发明弯道标志的可视域模型示意图,图中,a:标志的长度,单位m;b:标志的宽度,单位m;H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;L0:在始读点B,驾驶员视高到标志的距离,单位m;Vi:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶过程中,驾驶员的视高到标志形成的四棱锥空间体积,单位m3。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the visual domain model of the curve sign of the present invention, in the figure, a: the length of the sign, in m; b: the width of the sign, in m; H: the setting height of the sign, that is, the distance from the ground to the bottom of the sign Height, unit m; h: driver’s apparent height, unit m; R: radius distance from the center of the curve curve to the sign, unit m; r: radius distance from the center of the curve curve to the car, unit m; α: The angle that the car turns relative to the positive X-axis when driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E; β: the angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X-axis; L 0 : at the starting point B , the distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign, in m; V i : the space volume of the quadrangular pyramid formed by the driver's apparent height to the sign when the car is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E, in m 3 .
图3为本发明弯道标志可视域断面示意图;图中,a:标志的长度,单位m;b:标志的宽度,单位m;H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;h1:标志中心到地面的垂直高度,单位m;h2:标志中心到驾驶员视高的垂直高度,单位m;h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;θ:消失角,即消失点与标志的夹角;d:驾驶员视高到标志的水平距离,单位m;Li:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶过程中,驾驶员的视高到标志中心点的距离,单位m。Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the visible area of the curve sign of the present invention; in the figure, a: the length of the sign, in m; b: the width of the sign, in m; H: the setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign , unit m; h 1 : vertical height from the center of the sign to the ground, unit m; h 2 : vertical height from the center of the sign to the driver’s sight height, unit m; h: driver’s sight height, unit m; θ: vanishing angle , that is, the angle between the vanishing point and the sign; d: the horizontal distance from the driver’s sight height to the sign, in m; L i : the distance from the driver’s sight height to the center of the sign when the car is driving from the starting reading point B to the vanishing point E Point distance, unit m.
图4京港澳高速公路湖南段主要断面示意图。Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the main sections of the Hunan section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway.
图5为凹曲线可视域变化图。Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the variation of the visible area of the concave curve.
图6为凹曲线可视域模拟图。Fig. 6 is a simulation diagram of the visible domain of the concave curve.
图7为凸曲线可视域变化图。Fig. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the visible area of a convex curve.
图8为凸曲线可视域模拟图。Fig. 8 is a simulation diagram of the visual domain of the convex curve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合具体实施例及附图说明对本发明进一步详细说明,但不限于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
一种高速公路弯道标志可视域模型,该模型的高速公路弯道标志可视域的体积计算方程为:A highway curve sign visual area model, the volume calculation equation of the expressway curve sign visual area is:
式中,In the formula,
a:标志的长度,单位m;a: the length of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间,根据驾驶员的认读速度,本次研究的取值范围为2-3s。t i : the time to read the sign from the initial reading point B to the vanishing point E, according to the driver's reading speed, the value range of this research is 2-3s.
本发明的高速公路弯道标志可视域模型的构建包括以下步骤:The construction of the highway curve sign visual domain model of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)对所发生的弯道事故地点的标志情况进行分析,从各方面分析弯道标志可视域被遮挡的因素。(1) Analyze the sign situation of the place where the bend accident occurred, and analyze the factors that the visual field of the bend sign is blocked from various aspects.
(2)对标志可视域进行定义:依据《公路交通标志和标线设置手册》(JTGD82-2009)中交通标志认读过程分析,弯道标志的认读过程如图1所示,其中A为视认点,B为始读点,C为读完点,D为行动点,E为消失点,S为标志,F为动作完成点。(2) Define the visual area of the sign: According to the analysis of the process of recognizing and reading the traffic sign in the "Handbook of Highway Traffic Signs and Markings" (JTGD82-2009), the process of recognizing and reading the curve sign is shown in Figure 1, where A B is the starting point of reading, C is the point of finishing reading, D is the point of action, E is the point of disappearance, S is the mark, and F is the point of completion of action.
通常,行驶车辆中的驾驶员在A点处已发现了标志S,在B点处开始读取标志内容,到C点可以把标志信息完全获取,称距离为读取距离;读完标志后,驾驶员会在C点到D点间的距离内采取行动判断,称距离为判断距离;最后驾驶员从D点开始行动,直到F点行动完成,称距离为行动距离;B点到标志S的距离称为视认距离驾驶员在行驶过程中邻近标志时由于角度和视野盲区而看不见标志的区域到标志S的距离称为消失距离读完点C到标志S的距离为 Usually, the driver in the driving vehicle has found the sign S at point A, starts to read the content of the sign at point B, and can fully obtain the sign information at point C, which is called distance To read the distance; after reading the sign, the driver will take actions to judge within the distance between point C and point D, which is called distance In order to judge the distance; finally, the driver starts to act from point D until the action of point F is completed, which is called the distance is the action distance; the distance from point B to the sign S is called the visual distance When the driver approaches the sign during driving, the distance from the area where the sign cannot be seen due to the angle and the blind spot of the field of vision to the sign S is called the vanishing distance The distance from point C to sign S after reading is
如果距离比距离短,消失点E在读完点C之前出现,这就会造成标志认读时间不够,驾驶员不能准确判读标志内容。如果则读完点C与消失点E重合,即标志认读的极限值。本发明的标志可视域被遮挡范围,为了提供具有宽容性的标志认读时间,假设同时,从始读点B开始到消失点E之间,在读取标志的视线通廊里不能出现遮挡物。故本发明将标志可视域过程定为认读距离根据图1,有: if distance ratio The distance is short, and the vanishing point E appears before point C is read, which will result in insufficient sign recognition time, and the driver cannot accurately interpret the sign content. if Then the point C after reading coincides with the vanishing point E, which is the limit value of sign recognition and reading. In order to provide a tolerant sign recognition and reading time, it is assumed that the visible area of the sign in the present invention is blocked At the same time, from the starting reading point B to the vanishing point E, no obstructions can appear in the sight corridor of reading signs. Therefore, the present invention defines the sign visual field process as the reading distance According to Figure 1, there are:
式中,为读取距离,即驾驶员在B点处开始读取标志内容,到C点可以把标志信息完全获取;In the formula, To read the distance, that is, the driver starts to read the content of the sign at point B, and can fully obtain the sign information at point C;
为读完点C到标志S的距离; is the distance from point C to sign S after reading;
为消失距离,即消失点E到标志S的距离; is the vanishing distance, that is, the distance from the vanishing point E to the sign S;
假设汽车匀速行驶,则 Assuming the car is traveling at a constant speed, then
式中:In the formula:
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
t:认读时间,即认读标志所需的时间,单位s;根据驾驶员的认读速度,一般取值2-3s,本次研究取驾驶员的平均认读速度2.5s;t: recognition time, that is, the time required to recognize and read signs, in s; according to the driver’s recognition speed, the value is generally 2-3s, and the average recognition speed of the driver is 2.5s in this study;
式中:In the formula:
5.67为日本土木研究所的实验结果所得;5.67 is obtained from the experimental results of the Japanese Civil Engineering Research Institute;
h*:标志上有效字符高度,单位m;h * : effective character height on the logo, unit m;
式中:In the formula:
H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: The setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;一般研究取值1.2m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m; general research value is 1.2m;
θ:消失角,即消失点与标志的夹角;一般路侧标志的取15°,悬空标志从消失点与标志顶边的仰角为7°;θ: Vanishing angle, that is, the angle between the vanishing point and the sign; generally, the roadside sign takes 15°, and the elevation angle of the suspended sign from the vanishing point to the top edge of the sign is 7°;
将式(1-2)、(1-3)和(1-4)代入式(1-1)中,有: Substituting formula (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4) into formula (1-1), we have:
式中:In the formula:
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
t:认读时间,即认读标志所需的时间,单位s;根据驾驶员的认读速度,一般取值2-3s,本次研究取驾驶员的平均认读速度2.5s;t: recognition time, that is, the time required to recognize and read signs, in s; according to the driver’s recognition speed, the value is generally 2-3s, and the average recognition speed of the driver is 2.5s in this study;
h*:标志上有效字符高度,单位m;h * : effective character height on the logo, unit m;
H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: The setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;一般研究取值1.2m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m; general research value is 1.2m;
θ:消失角,即消失点与标志的夹角;一般路侧标志的取15°,悬空标志从消失点与标志顶边的仰角为7°。θ: Vanishing angle, that is, the angle between the vanishing point and the sign; generally, the roadside sign takes 15°, and the elevation angle of the suspended sign from the vanishing point to the top edge of the sign is 7°.
(3)对高速公路弯道标志的可视过程构建几何模型:(3) Construct a geometric model for the visual process of expressway curve signs:
建立空间直角坐标系:以弯道圆曲线的圆心为原点,以圆心到始读点B的连线为X轴,正向建立X轴,Y轴垂直于X轴,且Y轴正向为始读点B到标志S的方向,Z轴垂直地面向上;Establish a space Cartesian coordinate system: take the center of the curved circle curve as the origin, take the line from the center of the circle to the starting reading point B as the X-axis, establish the X-axis in the positive direction, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis, and the positive direction of the Y-axis is the starting point Read the direction from point B to mark S, and the Z axis is vertically upward;
作高速公路弯道标志的可视域模型,如图2所示;Make the visual domain model of the highway curve sign, as shown in Figure 2;
作高速公路弯道标志可视域断面图,如图3所示;Make a cross-sectional view of the highway curve sign visual domain, as shown in Figure 3;
由图3可知,标志中心到地面的垂直高度h1=H+b/2……(1-6),It can be seen from Figure 3 that the vertical height h 1 from the center of the sign to the ground = H+b/2...(1-6),
标志中心到驾驶员视高的垂直高度h2=H+b/2-h……(1-7),The vertical height h 2 from the center of the sign to the driver's sight height = H+b/2-h...(1-7),
式中,In the formula,
H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: The setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;一般研究取值1.2m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m; general research value is 1.2m;
由图2和图3可知,标志的空间坐标为(Rcosβ,Rsinβ,H+b/2)……(1-8)It can be seen from Figure 2 and Figure 3 that the spatial coordinates of the logo are (Rcosβ, Rsinβ, H+b/2)...(1-8)
式中,In the formula,
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
H:标志的设置高度,即地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: The setting height of the sign, that is, the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
根据图3,由勾股定理可知, According to Figure 3, it can be known from the Pythagorean theorem,
根据图2,由三角形的边角关系可知,d2=R2+r2-2Rrcosβ……(1-10)According to Figure 2, it can be seen from the relationship between the sides and angles of the triangle that d 2 =R 2 +r 2 -2Rrcosβ...(1-10)
所以 so
式中,In the formula,
d:驾驶员视高到标志的水平距离,单位m;d: the horizontal distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign, in m;
L:驾驶员的视高到标志中心点的距离,单位m;L: the distance from the driver's apparent height to the center of the sign, in m;
H:地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;一般研究取值1.2m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m; general research value is 1.2m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
在经过始读点B后,驾驶员并未采取行动,汽车的速度保持不变,则汽车在从始读点B到消失点E过程中行驶的弧线距离Z=v.ti……(1-12)After passing the starting reading point B, the driver does not take any action, and the speed of the car remains unchanged, then the arc distance Z=vt i traveled by the car during the process from the starting reading point B to the vanishing point E...(1- 12)
式中,In the formula,
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间,根据驾驶员的认读速度,本次研究的取值范围为2-3s;t i : the time to read the sign from the initial reading point B to the vanishing point E, according to the driver's reading speed, the value range of this research is 2-3s;
根据圆弧的弧度计算公式可知,汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度 According to the calculation formula of the arc, it can be known that the angle that the car turns relative to the positive X axis when driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E
式中,In the formula,
Z:汽车在从始读点B到消失点E过程中行驶的弧线距离,单位m;Z: The arc distance traveled by the car from the starting point B to the vanishing point E, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
将式(1-12)代入式(1-13)中,有: Substituting formula (1-12) into formula (1-13), we have:
式中:In the formula:
α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;α: The angle that the car has turned relative to the positive X axis when it is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E;
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间,根据驾驶员的认读速度,本次研究的取值范围为2-3s;t i : the time to read the sign from the initial reading point B to the vanishing point E, according to the driver's reading speed, the value range of this research is 2-3s;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
汽车在从始读点B到消失点E行驶过程中,驾驶员视高到标志的距离有:When the car is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E, the distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign is:
Ⅰ.在始读点B,驾驶员视高到标志的距离 Ⅰ. At the starting point B, the distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign
式中,In the formula,
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
t:认读时间,即认读标志所需的时间,单位s;根据驾驶员的认读速度,一般取值2-3s,本次研究取驾驶员的平均认读速度2.5s;t: recognition time, that is, the time required to recognize and read signs, in s; according to the driver’s recognition speed, the value is generally 2-3s, and the average recognition speed of the driver is 2.5s in this study;
5.67为日本土木研究所的实验结果所得;5.67 is obtained from the experimental results of the Japanese Civil Engineering Research Institute;
h*:标志上有效字符高度,单位m;h * : effective character height on the logo, unit m;
Ⅱ.在始读点B到消失点E之间:根据图2和图3可知,驾驶员视高的空间坐标为(rcosα,rsinα,h)……(1-16)Ⅱ. Between the starting point B and the vanishing point E: According to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the spatial coordinates of the driver's apparent height are (rcosα, rsinα, h)...(1-16)
式中,In the formula,
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;α: The angle that the car has turned relative to the positive X axis when it is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;一般研究取值1.2m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m; general research value is 1.2m;
由式(1-8)和式(1-16)知,驾驶员视高到标志的距离According to formula (1-8) and formula (1-16), the distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign
将式(1-14)代入式(1-17)有:Substituting formula (1-14) into formula (1-17) has:
式中:In the formula:
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间,根据驾驶员的认读速度,本次研究的取值范围为2-3s;t i : the time to read the sign from the initial reading point B to the vanishing point E, according to the driver's reading speed, the value range of this research is 2-3s;
H:地面到标志最下方的高度,单位m;H: the height from the ground to the bottom of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
h:驾驶员的视高,单位m;一般研究取值1.2m;h: driver's apparent height, unit m; general research value is 1.2m;
汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶过程中,驾驶员的视高到标志形成的四棱锥空间体积:When the car is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E, the space volume of the quadrangular pyramid formed by the driver's apparent height to the sign:
Vi=1/3abd……(1-19)V i =1/3abd...(1-19)
式中,In the formula,
a:标志的长度,单位m;a: the length of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
d:驾驶员视高到标志的水平距离,单位m;d: the horizontal distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign, in m;
由式(1-8)和式(1-16)知, According to formula (1-8) and formula (1-16),
式中,In the formula,
d:驾驶员视高到标志的水平距离,单位m;d: the horizontal distance from the driver's apparent height to the sign, in m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;α: The angle that the car has turned relative to the positive X axis when it is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
将式(1-20)代入式(1-19)中,得到Substituting formula (1-20) into formula (1-19), we get
式中,In the formula,
a:标志的长度,单位m;a: the length of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
α:汽车从始读点B到消失点E行驶时相对于正X轴所转过的角度;α: The angle that the car has turned relative to the positive X axis when it is driving from the starting point B to the vanishing point E;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
将式(1-14)代入式(1-21),得到Substituting formula (1-14) into formula (1-21), we get
式中,In the formula,
a:标志的长度,单位m;a: the length of the sign, in m;
b:标志的宽度,单位m;b: the width of the sign, in m;
R:弯道圆曲线圆心到标志的半径距离,单位m;R: the radius distance from the center of the curved curve to the sign, in m;
r:弯道圆曲线圆心到汽车的半径距离,单位m;r: the radius distance from the center of the curve circle to the car, in m;
β:标志到弯道圆曲线圆心的直线与正X轴的夹角;β: The angle between the straight line from the mark to the center of the curve circle and the positive X axis;
v:汽车行驶速度,单位km/h;v: vehicle speed, unit km/h;
ti:从始读点B到消失点E认读标志的时间,根据驾驶员的认读速度,本次研究的取值范围为2-3s。t i : the time to read the sign from the initial reading point B to the vanishing point E, according to the driver's reading speed, the value range of this research is 2-3s.
(4)验证模型的正确性和有效性,包括:(4) Verify the correctness and validity of the model, including:
①收集京港澳高速公路湖南段有关资料:① Collect relevant information on the Hunan section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway:
京港澳高速公路湖南段主要断面如图4所示,其宽为28m,两条3.75m的行驶车道,中央分隔带4.5m。The main section of the Hunan section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway is shown in Figure 4, with a width of 28m, two driving lanes of 3.75m, and a central divider of 4.5m.
②验算的弯道仅考虑到圆曲线的半径,采用《公路路线设计规范》(JTG D20-2006)中圆曲线最小半径的一般值进行验算,分为凹曲线和凸曲线两个类型。圆曲线最小半径的一般值如表1所示:② Only the radius of the circular curve is considered for the curve in the checking calculation, and the general value of the minimum radius of the circular curve in the "Code for Design of Highway Routes" (JTG D20-2006) is used for checking calculation, which is divided into two types: concave curve and convex curve. The general values of the minimum radius of the circular curve are shown in Table 1:
表1圆曲线最小半径的一般值Table 1 General values of the minimum radius of circular curves
③标志相关参数:③ Sign related parameters:
标志选取悬臂式标志牌,其长度a为4.8m,宽度b为3m,设置高度H为5.2m。The sign selects the cantilever signboard, the length a is 4.8m, the width b is 3m, and the setting height H is 5.2m.
④京港澳高速公路湖南段弯道路侧标志可视域验算:④Visible area check of roadside signs at the bend of Hunan Section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau Expressway:
通过matlab建模,将相关参数代入高速公路弯道标志可视域的体积计算方程:Through matlab modeling, the relevant parameters are substituted into the volume calculation equation of the visible area of the highway curve sign:
式中:a为4.8m,b为3m,R=r=圆曲线最小半径一般值。In the formula: a is 4.8m, b is 3m, R=r=the general value of the minimum radius of the circular curve.
针对不同速度下的标志遮挡体积进行模拟,凹曲线可视域变化图如图5所示,凹曲线可视域模拟图如图6所示。The occlusion volume of the sign at different speeds is simulated. The change diagram of the visible area of the concave curve is shown in Figure 5, and the simulation diagram of the visible area of the concave curve is shown in Figure 6.
从图5可以看出,凹曲线上标志可视域体积大小在600m3到1000m3之间,随着行驶时间的变化,标志的可视域体积成线形下降,越接近标志,能受遮挡影响的可视域越少。随着行驶速度不同及圆曲线半径不同,行驶速度越缓慢其受遮挡影响的可视域变化相对缓慢,而行驶速度越快其受遮挡影响的可视域变化较大。It can be seen from Figure 5 that the volume of the visible area of the sign on the concave curve is between 600m3 and 1000m3. With the change of driving time, the volume of the visible area of the sign decreases linearly. The closer to the sign, it can be affected by occlusion less visible area. With different driving speeds and different radiuses of circular curves, the slower the driving speed, the slower the change of the visual domain affected by occlusion, and the faster the driving speed, the greater the change of the visual domain affected by occlusion.
从图6可以看出,凹曲线上容易被路侧的植物、边坡、右侧同行行驶的车辆等要素遮挡。It can be seen from Figure 6 that the concave curve is easily blocked by elements such as roadside plants, slopes, and vehicles traveling on the right side.
针对不同速度下的标志可视域体积进行模拟,凸曲线受遮挡影响可视域变化图如图7所示,凸曲线受遮挡影响可视域模拟图如图8所示。The volume of the visible area of the sign at different speeds is simulated. The change diagram of the visible area affected by the occlusion of the convex curve is shown in Figure 7, and the simulation diagram of the visible area affected by the occlusion of the convex curve is shown in Figure 8.
从图7可以看出,凸曲线上标志可视域体积大小在600m3到1000m3之间,随着行驶时间的变化,标志的可视域体积成线形下降,越接近标志,能受遮挡影响的可视域越少。随着行驶速度不同及圆曲线半径不同,行驶速度越缓慢其受遮挡影响的可视域变化相对缓慢,而行驶速度越快其受遮挡影响的可视域变化较大。It can be seen from Figure 7 that the volume of the visible area of the sign on the convex curve is between 600m3 and 1000m3. With the change of driving time, the volume of the visible area of the sign decreases linearly. The closer to the sign, it can be affected by occlusion less visible area. With different driving speeds and different radiuses of circular curves, the slower the driving speed, the slower the change of the visual domain affected by occlusion, and the faster the driving speed, the greater the change of the visual domain affected by occlusion.
从图8可以看出,凸曲线上容易被中分带,跨线桥等要素遮挡。It can be seen from Figure 8 that the convex curve is easily blocked by elements such as the mid-section belt and overpass bridge.
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