CN110322689A - A kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark - Google Patents
A kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of visual domain models of expressway bend mark, are defined first to mark visible range, propose visible range and be blocked judgment basis；Secondly geometrical model is constructed to the visual process of expressway bend mark, and derives the accounting equation of visible range；Finally Beijing-Hongkong Australia highway Hunan section has been carried out with the visual domain model created to calculate analysis, the result verification correctness and validity of model.The visual domain model of expressway bend mark of the invention provides design considerations for the setting of expressway bend mark, planting, highway expropriation of land range etc., for effectively solving the problems, such as that expressway bend mark visible range is blocked provides reference.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to highway engineering technical fields, and in particular to a kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark.
Background technique
With the continuous development of China's expressway construction, highway mileage number is mainly that western mountainous region increases in recent years
Add more.Mountainous Areas highway is influenced by complicated landform landforms, and circular curve plays highway route very important
Effect, thus formed numerous bends and mostly it is unsighted, and travel vehicle due to median strip, right travel on bend
Vehicle, trackside plant, side slope, soundproof wall etc. mark formed block, these, which are blocked, causes one to the reading of recognizing of traffic sign
Fixed influence, cause driver's read access time not enough, read be not enough, even read information errors and cause operation error or
Person's error in judgement, so as to cause the traffic accidents such as knock into the back, turn on one's side, collide.
Research both at home and abroad about corner signs blocking is summarized and analyzed, discovery is at present both at home and abroad for curved
The following limitations exist for the research that mark is blocked at road: the research about freeway traffic mark at this stage all causes mostly
Power in the visibility of mark, layout etc., based on the influence blocked to mark in terms of be still weak；In vehicle pair in the same direction
Research in terms of signs blocking probability is more, establishes some dynamic barriers probabilistic models, but these block model and only solve
Determined occlusion mark in the same direction the problem of, and indicate affected by many factors during actually blocking, expressway bend
The position that the setting of mark, planting, the ratio of slope of trackside side slope, soundproof wall are arranged etc. is unreasonable to cause mark to be blocked, into
And become accident potential.
Therefore, it is necessary to curve sign visible range dynamic model is established, and it is accurate to indicate actually to block process, thus for can
Element of blocking in the ken proposes corresponding solution, reduces the generation of bend road section traffic volume accident.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark.The present invention is for high speed
The visible range problem of being blocked of road curve mark is studied, and is defined first to mark visible range, is proposed to block and sentence
Disconnected foundation；Secondly geometrical model is constructed to the visual process of expressway bend mark, and derives the accounting equation of visible range；
Finally Beijing-Hongkong Australia highway Hunan section has been carried out with the visual domain model created to calculate analysis, result verification model
Correctness and validity.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark, the stereometer of the expressway bend mark visible range of the model
Calculate equation are as follows:
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E.
The building of the visual domain model of expressway bend mark of the invention the following steps are included:
(1) the mark situation of the bend accident spot occurred is analyzed, it is visual analyzes curve sign from every side
The factor that domain is blocked.
(2) mark visible range is defined: according to " handbook is arranged in highway traffic sign and graticule " (JTGD82-2009)
Middle traffic sign recognizes read procedure analysis, and curve sign recognizes read procedure as shown in Figure 1, wherein A is depending on recognizing a little, and B is beginning read point, C
To run through a little, D is action limit, and E is end point, and S is mark, and F is that point is completed in movement.
In general, the driver in driving vehicle has found mark S at A point, start to read logo content at B point,
Flag information can be obtained to C point completely, claim distanceTo read distance；After running through mark, driver can be in C point to D point
Between distance in take action judgement, claim distanceTo judge distance；Last driver goes into action from D point, until F point row
It is dynamic to complete, claim distanceFor distance of taking action；The distance of B point to mark S are known as distance of visual cognitionDriver is in the process of moving
Due to angle and blind area, the distance of region to the mark S of invisible mark are known as disappearance distance when proximity tagIt reads
Fixed point C to mark S distance be
IfDistance thanApart from short, end point E occurs before running through point C, this will result in mark and recognizes read time
Not enough, driver cannot accurate interpretation key content.IfIt then runs through point C to be overlapped with end point E, i.e., mark recognizes reading
Limiting value.Mark visible range of the invention is blocked range, recognizes read time to provide the mark with tolerance, it is assumed thatMeanwhile to end point E since beginning read point B, there can be no block in the View corridor for reading mark
Object.Therefore the present invention will indicate that visible range process is set to and recognizes reading distanceAccording to Fig. 1, have:
In formula,To read distance, i.e. driver starts to read logo content at B point, mark can be believed to C point
Breath obtains completely；
For the distance for running through point C to mark S；
For disappearance distance, i.e. distance of the end point E to mark S；
Assuming that automobile drives at a constant speed, then
In formula:
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；
In formula:
Obtained by 5.67 experimental result for Japanese building research institute；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
In formula:
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
θ: the angle at disappearance angle, i.e. end point and mark；
Formula (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4) is substituted into formula (1-1), is had:
In formula:
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
θ: the angle at disappearance angle, i.e. end point and mark.
(3) geometrical model is constructed to the visual process of expressway bend mark:
Establish rectangular coordinate system in space: using the center of circle of bend circular curve as origin, the line with the center of circle to beginning read point B is X
Axis, forward direction establish X-axis, and Y-axis is perpendicular to X-axis, and Y-axis forward direction is beginning read point B to the direction of mark S, and Z axis is upward perpendicular to the ground；
Make the visual domain model of expressway bend mark, as shown in Figure 2；
Make expressway bend mark visible range cross-section diagram, as shown in Figure 3；
From the figure 3, it may be seen that vertical height h of the mark center to ground1=H+b/2 ... (1-6),
Mark center regards high vertical height h to driver2=H+b/2-h ... (1-7),
In formula,
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
By Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 it is found that the space coordinate of mark is (Rcos β, Rsin β, H+b/2) ... (1-8)
In formula,
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
According to Fig. 3, by Pythagorean theorem it is found that
According to fig. 2, by the corner relationship of triangle it is found that d2=R2+r2-2Rrcosβ……(1-10)
So
In formula,
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
L: the high distance to mark central point of the view of driver, unit m；
H: height of the ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
After beginning read point B, driver does not take action, and the speed of automobile remains unchanged, then automobile is read from beginning
The camber line distance Z=v.t travelled during point B to end point Ei……(1-12)
In formula,
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E；
According to the radian calculation formula of circular arc it is found that automobile from beginning read point B to end point E when driving relative to positive X-axis institute
The angle turned over
In formula,
Z: the camber line distance that automobile travels during from beginning read point B to end point E, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
Formula (1-12) is substituted into formula (1-13), is had:
In formula:
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
Automobile is from beginning read point B, into end point E driving process, driver has depending on high to the distance indicated:
For I, in beginning read point B, driver regards the high distance to mark
In formula,
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；
Obtained by 5.67 experimental result for Japanese building research institute；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
II, is between beginning read point B to end point E: according to fig. 2 with Fig. 3 it is found that driver regard high space coordinate as
(rcosα,rsinα,h)……(1-16)
In formula,
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
Known by formula (1-8) and formula (1-16), driver regards the high distance to mark
Formula (1-14) substitution formula (1-17) is had:
In formula:
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E；
H: height of the ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
For automobile from beginning read point B into end point E driving process, the view of driver is high to the rectangular pyramid space body for indicating formation
Product: Vi=1/3abd ... (1-19)
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
Known by formula (1-8) and formula (1-16),
In formula,
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
Formula (1-20) is substituted into formula (1-19), is obtained
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
Formula (1-14) is substituted into formula (1-21), is obtained
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E.
As a preferred option of the technical scheme, the mark is roadside sign board or hanging sign board.
Compared with prior art, it advantages of the present invention and has the beneficial effect that
(1) model of the invention has fully considered the influence of the factors such as bend, vehicle, mark, and the visual domain model of foundation is
Dynamic model can more accurately describe corner mark visible range, be carried out with it to Beijing-Hongkong Australia highway Hunan section
Calculate analysis, the result verification correctness and validity of model.
(2) calculation method of the invention can calculate the visible range area of each expressway bend section different radii
Domain, the relationship between travel speed and visible range, it can be highway based on this that travel speed is faster, and visible range variation is faster
The setting of curve sign, planting, highway expropriation of land range etc. provide design considerations, be also applied for expressway design planning and
Safety management, for effectively solving the problems, such as that Mountainous Areas expressway bend mark visible range is blocked provides reference.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 recognizes read procedure schematic diagram for curve sign of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the visible range model schematic of curve sign of the present invention, in figure, a: the length of mark, unit m；B: mark
Width, unit m；H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；H: the view of driver is high,
Unit m；R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；R: half span in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile
From unit m；α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；β: mark to bend circle
The angle of the straight line in the curve center of circle and positive X-axis；L0: in beginning read point B, driver regards the high distance to mark, unit m；Vi: automobile
From beginning read point B into end point E driving process, the high rectangular pyramid spatial volume formed to mark of the view of driver, unit m3。
Fig. 3 is curve sign visible range sectional schematic diagram of the present invention；In figure, a: the length of mark, unit m；B: mark
Width, unit m；H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；h1: mark center to ground
Vertical height, unit m；h2: mark center to driver regards high vertical height, unit m；H: the view of driver is high, unit
m；θ: the angle at disappearance angle, i.e. end point and mark；D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；Li: automobile from
Beginning read point B is into end point E driving process, the high distance to mark central point of the view of driver, unit m.
Fig. 4 Beijing-Hongkong Australia's highway Hunan section main cross sections schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is concave curve visible range variation diagram.
Fig. 6 is concave curve visible range simulation drawing.
Fig. 7 is convex curve visible range variation diagram.
Fig. 8 is convex curve visible range simulation drawing.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings explanation, the present invention is described in more detail, but is not limited to of the invention
Protection scope.
Embodiment 1
A kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark, the stereometer of the expressway bend mark visible range of the model
Calculate equation are as follows:
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E, reading rate is recognized according to driver, this research takes
Value range is 2-3s.
The building of the visual domain model of expressway bend mark of the invention the following steps are included:
(1) the mark situation of the bend accident spot occurred is analyzed, it is visual analyzes curve sign from every side
The factor that domain is blocked.
(2) mark visible range is defined: according to " handbook is arranged in highway traffic sign and graticule " (JTGD82-2009)
Middle traffic sign recognizes read procedure analysis, and curve sign recognizes read procedure as shown in Figure 1, wherein A is depending on recognizing a little, and B is beginning read point, C
To run through a little, D is action limit, and E is end point, and S is mark, and F is that point is completed in movement.
In general, the driver in driving vehicle has found mark S at A point, start to read logo content at B point,
Flag information can be obtained to C point completely, claim distanceTo read distance；After running through mark, driver can be in C point to D point
Between distance in take action judgement, claim distanceTo judge distance；Last driver goes into action from D point, until F point row
It is dynamic to complete, claim distanceFor distance of taking action；The distance of B point to mark S are known as distance of visual cognitionDriver is in the process of moving
Due to angle and blind area, the distance of region to the mark S of invisible mark are known as disappearance distance when proximity tagIt reads
Fixed point C to mark S distance be
IfDistance thanApart from short, end point E occurs before running through point C, this will result in mark when recognizing reading
Between not enough, driver cannot accurate interpretation key content.IfIt then runs through point C to be overlapped with end point E, i.e., mark is recognized
The limiting value of reading.Mark visible range of the invention is blocked range, recognizes read time to provide the mark with tolerance, it is assumed thatMeanwhile to end point E since beginning read point B, there can be no block in the View corridor for reading mark
Object.Therefore the present invention will indicate that visible range process is set to and recognizes reading distanceAccording to Fig. 1, have:
In formula,To read distance, i.e. driver starts to read logo content at B point, mark can be believed to C point
Breath obtains completely；
For the distance for running through point C to mark S；
For disappearance distance, i.e. distance of the end point E to mark S；
Assuming that automobile drives at a constant speed, then
In formula:
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；According to the reading rate of recognizing of driver, general value 2-
3s, this research take being averaged for driver to recognize reading rate 2.5s；
In formula:
Obtained by 5.67 experimental result for Japanese building research institute；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
In formula:
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；General Study value 1.2m；
θ: the angle at disappearance angle, i.e. end point and mark；General roadside sign takes 15 °, hanging mark from end point with
The elevation angle for indicating top margin is 7 °；
Formula (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4) is substituted into formula (1-1), is had:
In formula:
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；According to the reading rate of recognizing of driver, general value 2-
3s, this research take being averaged for driver to recognize reading rate 2.5s；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；General Study value 1.2m；
θ: the angle at disappearance angle, i.e. end point and mark；General roadside sign takes 15 °, hanging mark from end point with
The elevation angle for indicating top margin is 7 °.
(3) geometrical model is constructed to the visual process of expressway bend mark:
Establish rectangular coordinate system in space: using the center of circle of bend circular curve as origin, the line with the center of circle to beginning read point B is X
Axis, forward direction establish X-axis, and Y-axis is perpendicular to X-axis, and Y-axis forward direction is beginning read point B to the direction of mark S, and Z axis is upward perpendicular to the ground；
Make the visual domain model of expressway bend mark, as shown in Figure 2；
Make expressway bend mark visible range cross-section diagram, as shown in Figure 3；
From the figure 3, it may be seen that vertical height h of the mark center to ground1=H+b/2 ... (1-6),
Mark center regards high vertical height h to driver2=H+b/2-h ... (1-7),
In formula,
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；General Study value 1.2m；
By Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 it is found that the space coordinate of mark is (Rcos β, Rsin β, H+b/2) ... (1-8)
In formula,
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
According to Fig. 3, by Pythagorean theorem it is found that
According to fig. 2, by the corner relationship of triangle it is found that d2=R2+r2-2Rrcosβ……(1-10)
So
In formula,
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
L: the high distance to mark central point of the view of driver, unit m；
H: height of the ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；General Study value 1.2m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
After beginning read point B, driver does not take action, and the speed of automobile remains unchanged, then automobile is read from beginning
The camber line distance Z=v.t travelled during point B to end point Ei……(1-12)
In formula,
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E, reading rate is recognized according to driver, this research takes
Value range is 2-3s；
According to the radian calculation formula of circular arc it is found that automobile from beginning read point B to end point E when driving relative to positive X-axis institute
The angle turned over
In formula,
Z: the camber line distance that automobile travels during from beginning read point B to end point E, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
Formula (1-12) is substituted into formula (1-13), is had:
In formula:
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E, reading rate is recognized according to driver, this research takes
Value range is 2-3s；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
Automobile is from beginning read point B, into end point E driving process, driver has depending on high to the distance indicated:
For I, in beginning read point B, driver regards the high distance to mark
In formula,
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；According to the reading rate of recognizing of driver, general value 2-
3s, this research take being averaged for driver to recognize reading rate 2.5s；
Obtained by 5.67 experimental result for Japanese building research institute；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
II, is between beginning read point B to end point E: according to fig. 2 with Fig. 3 it is found that driver regard high space coordinate as
(rcosα,rsinα,h)……(1-16)
In formula,
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；General Study value 1.2m；
Known by formula (1-8) and formula (1-16), driver regards the high distance to mark
Formula (1-14) substitution formula (1-17) is had:
In formula:
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E, reading rate is recognized according to driver, this research takes
Value range is 2-3s；
H: height of the ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；General Study value 1.2m；
For automobile from beginning read point B into end point E driving process, the view of driver is high to the rectangular pyramid space body for indicating formation
Product:
Vi=1/3abd ... (1-19)
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
Known by formula (1-8) and formula (1-16),
In formula,
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
Formula (1-20) is substituted into formula (1-19), is obtained
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
Formula (1-14) is substituted into formula (1-21), is obtained
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E, reading rate is recognized according to driver, this research takes
Value range is 2-3s.
(4) correctness and validity of model are verified, comprising:
1. collecting Beijing-Hongkong Australia highway Hunan section relevant information:
Beijing-Hongkong Australia highway Hunan section main cross sections as shown in figure 4, its width be 28m, the traveling lane of two 3.75m,
Median strip 4.5m.
2. the bend checked takes into consideration only the radius of circular curve, using " specification of the highway route design " (JTG D20-2006)
The general value of middle circular curve least radius is checked, and two types of concave curve and convex curve are divided into.Circular curve least radius
General value is as shown in table 1:
The general value of 1 circular curve least radius of table
| Desin speed (km/h) | 120 | 100 | 80 | 60 | 40 |
| Circular curve least radius is generally worth (m) | 1000 | 700 | 400 | 200 | 100 |
3. indicating relevant parameter:
Mark chooses cantilevered sign board, and length a is 4.8m, and width b is 3m, and setting height H is 5.2m.
4. the section bend roadside sign visible range checking computations of Beijing-Hongkong Australia highway Hunan:
It is modeled by matlab, relevant parameter is substituted into the volume accounting equation of expressway bend mark visible range:
In formula: a 4.8m, b 3m, R=r=circular curve least radius is generally worth.
It is simulated for the signs blocking volume under friction speed, concave curve visible range variation diagram is as shown in figure 5, concave curved
Line visible range simulation drawing is as shown in Figure 6.
From fig. 5, it can be seen that indicating visible range volume size in 600m on concave curve3To 1000m3Between, with when driving
Between variation, the visible range volume of mark is at linear decline, can be fewer by the visible range that influences is blocked closer to mark.With
Travel speed is different and circular curve radius is different, and travel speed is slower, and it is relatively slow by the visible range variation that influences is blocked,
And faster its of travel speed is changed greatly by the visible range influenced is blocked.
From fig. 6, it can be seen that being easy the elements such as the vehicle travelled by the plant of trackside, side slope, right side colleague on concave curve
It blocks.
It is simulated for the mark visible range volume under friction speed, convex curve, which is blocked, influences visible range variation diagram such as
Shown in Fig. 7, convex curve is blocked, and to influence visible range simulation drawing as shown in Figure 8.
From figure 7 it can be seen that indicating visible range volume size in 600m on convex curve3To 1000m3Between, with when driving
Between variation, the visible range volume of mark is at linear decline, can be fewer by the visible range that influences is blocked closer to mark.With
Travel speed is different and circular curve radius is different, and travel speed is slower, and it is relatively slow by the visible range variation that influences is blocked,
And faster its of travel speed is changed greatly by the visible range influenced is blocked.
From figure 8, it is seen that being easy to divide band by convex curve, the elements such as overbridge are blocked.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of visual domain model of expressway bend mark, which is characterized in that the expressway bend mark of the model is visual
The volume accounting equation in domain are as follows:
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E.
2. the visual domain model of expressway bend mark according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the building of the model
The following steps are included:
(1) the mark situation of the bend accident spot occurred is analyzed, analyzes curve sign visible range quilt from every side
The factor blocked；
(2) mark visible range is defined: according to friendship in " handbook is arranged in highway traffic sign and graticule " (JTGD82-2009)
Logical mark recognizes read procedure analysis, and curve sign recognizes read procedure as shown in Figure 1, wherein A is depending on recognizing a little, and B is beginning read point, and C is to read
Fixed point, D are action limit, and E is end point, and S is mark, and F is that point is completed in movement；
The present invention will indicate that visible range process is set to and recognize reading distanceAccording to Fig. 1, have:
In formula,To read distance, i.e. driver starts to read logo content at B point, can flag information is complete to C point
It is complete to obtain；
For the distance for running through point C to mark S；
For disappearance distance, i.e. distance of the end point E to mark S；
Assuming that automobile drives at a constant speed, then
In formula:
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；
In formula:
Obtained by 5.67 experimental result for Japanese building research institute；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
In formula:
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
θ: the angle at disappearance angle, i.e. end point and mark；
Formula (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4) is substituted into formula (1-1), is had:
In formula:
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
θ: the angle at disappearance angle, i.e. end point and mark；
(3) geometrical model is constructed to the visual process of expressway bend mark:
Establish rectangular coordinate system in space: using the center of circle of bend circular curve as origin, using the line in the center of circle to beginning read point B as X-axis, just
To X-axis is established, Y-axis is perpendicular to X-axis, and Y-axis forward direction is beginning read point B to the direction of mark S, and Z axis is upward perpendicular to the ground；
Make the visual domain model of expressway bend mark, as shown in Figure 2；
Make expressway bend mark visible range cross-section diagram, as shown in Figure 3；
From the figure 3, it may be seen that vertical height h of the mark center to ground1=H+b/2 ... (1-6),
Mark center regards high vertical height h to driver2=H+b/2-h ... (1-7),
In formula,
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
By Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 it is found that the space coordinate of mark is (Rcos β, Rsin β, H+b/2) ... (1-8)
In formula,
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
H: the height of the setting height of mark, i.e. ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
According to Fig. 3, by Pythagorean theorem it is found that
According to fig. 2, by the corner relationship of triangle it is found that d2=R2+r2-2Rrcosβ……(1-10)
So
In formula,
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
L: the high distance to mark central point of the view of driver, unit m；
H: height of the ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
After beginning read point B, driver does not take action, and the speed of automobile remains unchanged, then automobile from beginning read point B to
The camber line distance Z=v.t travelled during end point Ei……(1-12)
In formula,
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E；
According to the radian calculation formula of circular arc it is found that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis when driving from beginning read point B to end point E
Angle
In formula,
Z: the camber line distance that automobile travels during from beginning read point B to end point E, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
Formula (1-12) is substituted into formula (1-13), is had:
In formula:
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
Automobile is from beginning read point B, into end point E driving process, driver has depending on high to the distance indicated:
For I, in beginning read point B, driver regards the high distance to mark
In formula,
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
T: recognizing read time, that is, recognizes time needed for reading mark, unit s；
Obtained by 5.67 experimental result for Japanese building research institute；
h*: significant character height on mark, unit m；
II, is between beginning read point B to end point E: according to fig. 2 with Fig. 3 it is found that driver regard high space coordinate as (rcos α,
rsinα,h)……(1-16)
In formula,
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
Known by formula (1-8) and formula (1-16), driver regards the high distance to mark
Formula (1-14) substitution formula (1-17) is had:
In formula:
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E；
H: height of the ground to mark bottom, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
H: the view of driver is high, unit m；
For automobile from beginning read point B into end point E driving process, the view of driver is high to the rectangular pyramid spatial volume for indicating formation:
Vi=1/3abd ... (1-19)
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
Known by formula (1-8) and formula (1-16),
In formula,
D: driver regards the high horizontal distance to mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
Formula (1-20) is substituted into formula (1-19), is obtained
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
α: the angle that automobile is turned over relative to positive X-axis from beginning read point B to end point E when driving；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
Formula (1-14) is substituted into formula (1-21), is obtained
In formula,
A: the length of mark, unit m；
B: the width of mark, unit m；
R: radius distance of the bend circular curve center of circle to mark, unit m；
R: the radius distance in the bend circular curve center of circle to automobile, unit m；
β: the straight line of mark to the bend circular curve center of circle and the angle of positive X-axis；
V: automobile driving speed, unit km/h；
ti: the time for reading mark is recognized from beginning read point B to end point E.
3. the visual domain model of expressway bend mark according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the mark is
Roadside sign board or hanging sign board.
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