CN110321642A - A kind of typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground for improving kinematics effect - Google Patents
A kind of typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground for improving kinematics effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes that a kind of typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground for improving kinematics effect, this method comprise the following steps, the first coordinate distribution of the mesoscale wind field air quantity is obtained based on subaerial mesoscale wind field；By first coordinate distribution conversion into terrain following coordinate system, it is iterated and calculates the wind field distribution for obtaining air quantity in terrain following coordinate system；The second coordinate distribution that the wind field distribution of air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted to air quantity carries out calculating acquisition Horizontal Winds distribution based on second coordinate distribution.The typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground of improvement kinematics effect through the invention, can be obviously improved the analog capability to the complicated landform wind field near the ground under the influence of landfall typhoon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to meteorologies to calculate technical field, and in particular to a kind of typhoon wind field near the ground for improving kinematics effect
Analogy method.
Background technique
Although typhoon is a kind of major natural disasters, it will usually economic loss and casualties are caused, with typhoon
The high wind and precipitation come has influence actively and positively to wind energy development, arid alleviation etc..The prediction of Typhoon Wind Field near the ground and
Research wind-resources assessment, atmosphere pollution diffusion and in terms of have important application value.Therefore, accurate meter
The wind field near the ground of landfall typhoon is calculated, the high-resolution wind field especially under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY prevents and reduces natural disasters to typhoon and work
Cheng Yingyong has important reference significance.
It is the important side for studying typhoon wind field near the ground under MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY using mesoscale numerical weather forecast mode
One of method.Famous Study of Meso Scale Weather Forecast Mode has: Regional atmospheric model system (RAMS), Eta mode (Eta), the 5th generation
Pennsylvania State University/American National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (MM5, weather research and Forecast Mode WRF
Deng.However, due to the uncertainty of simplification and original state, side border condition and surface characteristics on physical mechanism, this
A little mesoscale Forecast Modes have biggish limitation.In recent years, side mesoscale Forecast Mode combined with diagnostic mode
Method is increasingly used in the analog study of high-resolution wind field.In general, it is several public affairs that mesoscale model, which solves horizontal grid spacing,
In atmosphere original equation group, diagnostic mode considers the local influence of topography of higher resolution based on continuity equation.Wherein,
California Meteorological Models (California Meteorological Model, CALMET) be in presently relevant research compared with
For one of common diagnostic mode, it is mainly three-dimensional unstable state Lagrange dispersal pattern (California Puff
Model, CALPUFF) three-dimensional meteorological field is provided, Wind Field is diagnosed by mass conservation law.
WRF/CALMET pattern simulation Spain northwestward complicated landform and coastal region, discovery are utilized in the prior art
CALMET mode can provide more accurate planetary boundary layer (PBL) than WRF mode highly, but the problem is that, CALMET pairs
Effective simulation of boundary layer high-resolution meteorological field is based on stablizing atmospheric condition, if be useful under extreme weather conditions need into
One step research.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of typhoon simulation of wind sides near the ground for improving kinematics effect
Method is obviously improved the analog capability to the complicated landform wind field near the ground under the influence of landfall typhoon.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground for improving kinematics effect, this method comprises the following steps,
The first coordinate distribution of the mesoscale wind field air quantity is obtained based on subaerial mesoscale wind field；
By first coordinate distribution conversion into terrain following coordinate system, it is iterated calculating and obtains terrain following coordinate
The wind field distribution of air quantity in system；
The second coordinate distribution that the wind field distribution of air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted to air quantity, based on described
The distribution of second coordinate, which calculate, obtains Horizontal Winds distribution.
Optionally, the first coordinate of the mesoscale wind field air quantity is distributed as the air quantity three-dimensional velocity under cartesian coordinate system
Distribution.
Optionally, first coordinate point that the mesoscale wind field air quantity is obtained based on subaerial mesoscale wind field
Cloth, comprising:
Obtain the Horizontal Winds data of Study of Meso Scale Weather research with prediction WRF mode；
Using the Horizontal Winds data of the WRF mode as the initial level wind field of California Meteorological Models CALMET
Distribution；
Forced By Topography vertical velocity is calculated, is met:
Wherein,For horizontal wind vector, htFor Terrain Elevation, N is that frequency is drawn in Visa, and z is terrain clearance,
G is acceleration of gravity, and θ is position temperature；
Vertical velocity and the Forced By Topography vertical velocity based on WRF mode output calculate under cartesian coordinate system
Vertical velocity；
The distribution of the first coordinate is constructed with vertical velocity under the cartesian coordinate system respectively according to the initial level wind field.
It is optionally, described to convert first coordinate distribution into terrain following coordinate system, comprising:
By the vertical velocity w under cartesian coordinate systemtcIt converts to the vertical velocity W under terrain following coordinate systemtc, meet:
In formula, (u, v) is two horizontal velocity components under cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z).
Optionally, described be iterated calculates the wind field distribution for obtaining air quantity in terrain following coordinate system, comprising:
Based on the vertical velocity W under the terrain following coordinate systemtcIt is distributed with the initial level wind field and carries out divergence most
Smallization iteration, until the three-dimensional divergence of entire wind field is less than threshold epsilon to obtain the Horizontal Winds of air quantity in terrain following coordinate system
Distribution.
The divergence minimizes iteration and meets:
Wherein, Div is three-dimensional divergence, Utc、VtcFor the Horizontal Winds under terrain following coordinate system (X, Y, Z), ε is setting
Threshold value.
Optionally, the wind field distribution by air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted to the second coordinate point of air quantity
Cloth, comprising:
The Horizontal Winds distribution of air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted into the horizontal wind under cartesian coordinate system
Field distribution is distributed as the second coordinate of air quantity；
The residual error between the second coordinate distribution of air quantity and initial level wind field distribution is calculated, if the residual error is less than
Then the second coordinate distribution based on the air quantity carries out calculating acquisition Horizontal Winds distribution specified threshold.
Optionally, if the residual error is greater than specified threshold, the second coordinate distribution of air quantity is assigned to the initial water
Flat wind field distribution, repeats the translation operation of cartesian coordinate system Yu terrain following coordinate system, until residual error is less than specified threshold
Value.
Optionally, the wind field distribution by air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted to the second coordinate point of air quantity
After cloth, this method also includes:
Horizontal wind speed distribution in the second coordinate distribution based on the air quantity, the landform calculated under the distribution of the second coordinate are strong
Compel vertical velocity；
Based on the Forced By Topography vertical velocity under vertical velocity under the cartesian coordinate system and second coordinate distribution
Calculate wind field vertical velocity；
Wind field horizontal velocity under divergence minimum iteration cartesian coordinate system is carried out to the wind field vertical velocity.
It is optionally, described to carry out calculating acquisition Horizontal Winds distribution based on second coordinate distribution, comprising:
Blocking effect and overland flow calculation of effect based on CALMET obtain Horizontal Winds distribution.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the typhoon simulation of wind side near the ground of improvement kinematics effect through the invention
Method can be obviously improved the analog capability to the complicated landform wind field near the ground under the influence of landfall typhoon.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Illustrate:
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is calculating process of embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is WRF of embodiment of the present invention three-layer network lattice nesting schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is present example WRF analog result schematic diagram, wherein Fig. 4 a is typhoon track, and Fig. 4 b is that nearly center is maximum
Wind speed Vmax, Fig. 4 c is sea level center barometric minimum Pmin；
Fig. 5 is CAL1 and CAL2 test 10m height wind speed difference field before and after present example Landed Typhoon, wherein Fig. 5 a,
5b is CAL1 test, and Fig. 5 c, 5d are CAL2 test；
Fig. 6 is the mean square deviation of earth's surface 10m height in CAL1, CAL2 and WRF simulation in present example typhoon force 7 wind circle
Error changes over time figure, wherein Fig. 6 a is wind speed V10Mean square deviation error change over time figure, Fig. 6 b be wind direction WD10It is equal
Variance error changes over time figure；
Fig. 7 is in the region of present example stone Snake Hill, and the mean square deviation of earth's surface 10m height is missed in CAL2, CAL3 and WRF simulation
Difference changes over time figure, wherein Fig. 7 a is the mean square deviation error that the mean square deviation error of wind speed changes over time figure, Fig. 7 b is wind direction
Change over time figure；
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground for improving kinematics effect, as shown in Figure 1,
This method comprises the following steps,
S1: the first coordinate distribution of the mesoscale wind field air quantity is obtained based on subaerial mesoscale wind field；
S2: it by first coordinate distribution conversion into terrain following coordinate system, is iterated calculating and obtains terrain following
The wind field distribution of air quantity in coordinate system；
S3: the second coordinate that the wind field distribution of air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted to air quantity is distributed, is based on
The second coordinate distribution, which calculate, obtains Horizontal Winds distribution.
In the present embodiment, optionally, the first coordinate of the mesoscale wind field air quantity is distributed as under cartesian coordinate system
Air quantity three dimensional velocity distribution.
Optionally, in the present embodiment, setting (u, v, w) is the three-dimensional velocity component under cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z),
(U, V, W) is the three-dimensional velocity component under terrain following coordinate system (X, Y, Z), it is assumed that under identical horizontal resolution, WRF mode
Influence with the landform in CALEMT mode to wind field is consistent, described to obtain the middle ruler based on subaerial mesoscale wind field
Spend the first coordinate distribution of wind field air quantity, comprising:
S11: the Horizontal Winds data of Study of Meso Scale Weather research with prediction WRF mode are obtained；
S12: using the Horizontal Winds data of the WRF mode as the initial level of California Meteorological Models CALMET
Wind field distribution, specifically as shown in Fig. 2, with WRF Horizontal Winds data uWRF、vWRFAs CALMET mode initial level wind field
(just guessing field) is distributed utc0、vtc0；
Forced By Topography vertical velocity is calculated, is met:
Wherein,For horizontal wind vector, htFor Terrain Elevation, N is that frequency is drawn in Visa, and z is terrain clearance,G is acceleration of gravity, and θ is position temperature, and the vertical velocity for obtaining Forced By Topography and coming out is calculated based on formula (1)
wtopo,
S13: vertical velocity and the Forced By Topography vertical velocity based on WRF mode output calculate cartesian coordinate
It is lower vertical velocity, the vertical velocity w exported in the present embodiment according to WRF modeWRFSubtract wtopoIt obtains under cartesian coordinate system
The vertical speed w of circulation of typhoon itselftc。
S14: the first coordinate is constructed with vertical velocity under the cartesian coordinate system respectively according to the initial level wind field
Distribution, in the present embodiment, being distributed the three-dimensional data under (cartesian coordinate system) included according to the first coordinate can be (utc0、
vtc0、wtc), wherein utc0、vtc0It is obtained according to initial level wind field, wtcFor vertical velocity under cartesian coordinate system.
Optionally, by first coordinate distribution conversion into terrain following coordinate system, comprising:
S21: by the vertical velocity w under cartesian coordinate systemtcIt converts to the vertical velocity W under terrain following coordinate systemtc,
Meet:
In formula, (u, v) is two horizontal velocity components under cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z).
S22: described be iterated calculates the wind field distribution for obtaining air quantity in terrain following coordinate system, comprising:
Based on the vertical velocity W under the terrain following coordinate systemtcIt is distributed with the initial level wind field and carries out divergence most
Smallization iteration, until the three-dimensional divergence of entire wind field is less than threshold epsilon to obtain the Horizontal Winds of air quantity in terrain following coordinate system
Distribution.
The divergence minimizes iteration and meets:
Wherein, Div is three-dimensional divergence, and ε is given threshold, and it is 5.0 × 10 that ε, which defaults value, in the present embodiment-6s-1, it is based on
Formula (3) can obtain the Horizontal Winds U under terrain following coordinate systemtc、VtcDistribution.
Optionally, step S3: the wind field distribution of air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted to the second of air quantity and is sat
Mark distribution, comprising:
S31: the Horizontal Winds distribution of air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted into the water under cartesian coordinate system
Flat wind field distribution is distributed as the second coordinate of air quantity；
S32: the residual error between the second coordinate distribution of air quantity and initial level wind field distribution is calculated, if the residual error
Less than specified threshold Δ, then the second coordinate distribution based on the air quantity, which calculate, obtains Horizontal Winds distribution.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, by Utc、VtcBe converted to the horizontal velocity u of cartesian coordinate systemtc、vtc, and calculate
Itself and CALMET just guess a utc0、vtc0Residual error, if being less than specified threshold Δ, specified threshold Δ takes 0.1m s in the present embodiment-1,
It then calculates and is calculated in next step by entering.
Optionally, this method also includes S33: if the residual error is greater than specified threshold, the second coordinate of air quantity being distributed
It is assigned to the initial level wind field distribution, repeats the translation operation of cartesian coordinate system Yu terrain following coordinate system, i.e.,
Step S12-S32 is repeated, until residual error is less than specified threshold.
The program specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, if the residual error be greater than specified threshold, by utc、vtcAs new
CALMET just guesses that field iterates to calculate again, until being less than specified threshold Δ.
Optionally, the wind field distribution by air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted to the second coordinate point of air quantity
After cloth, as shown in Fig. 2, this method also includes:
S33: the horizontal wind speed distribution in the second coordinate distribution based on the air quantity calculates the ground under the distribution of the second coordinate
Shape forced perpendicular wind speed；
S34: vertical speed and second coordinate distribution based on the circulation of typhoon itself under first coordinate distribution
Under Forced By Topography vertical velocity calculate wind field vertical velocity；
S35: the wind field horizontal velocity under divergence minimum iteration cartesian coordinate system is carried out to the wind field vertical velocity.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, according to utc、vtc, the vertically-supplying air that Forced By Topography comes out is acquired again using formula (1)
Fast w 'topo, then by the vertical speed w of circulation of typhoon itselftcIt is added to w 'topoIt is middle to form new vertical speedThis hangs down
Straight speed considers CALMET Forced By Topography effect and circulation of typhoon itself simultaneously and moves vertically；
According toDivergence is carried out using formula (3) and minimizes iterative calculation, acquires the horizontal velocity of cartesian coordinateSubscript n represents horizontal resolution.
It is optionally, described to carry out calculating acquisition Horizontal Winds distribution based on second coordinate distribution, comprising:
Blocking effect and overland flow calculation of effect based on CALMET obtain Horizontal Winds distribution.
Specifically, the program is, to the horizontal velocity under cartesian coordinateCarry out the blocking effect of CALMET
With overland flow calculation of effect, final Horizontal Winds u is obtainednAnd vn。
Specific example is presented below, the beneficial effect of the present invention program is further elaborated:
1 layer of nested grid, horizontal resolution 500m is only arranged in CALMET in the present embodiment, and grid number is 745 × 745,
As shown in dashed rectangle in Fig. 3.Totally 17 layers of vertical direction, mode overhead height is 3500m, and bottom is closeer, top layer is relatively dredged, simulation
Time from September 13,21 2016 up to September 15 days 21 when, amount to 48 hours.
CALMET just guesses analog result of the field data from WRF innermost layer grid D3.Altitude data is navigated from American National
The Space Shuttle Radar of empty space agency (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA)
Shape surveys and draws task (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission, SRTM) SRTM90version4 data, horizontal resolution
Rate is 90m；Land use data covers database GL30 from the global seismic at Chinese Fundamental Geographic Information System center
(GlobeLand30), horizontal resolution 30m.
Based on CALEMT kinematics effect, three groups of comparative tests are arranged in the present embodiment altogether: battery of tests uses CALMET
Original motion effect scheme, is denoted as CAL1；Second group of test uses the improved kinematics effect scheme of the method for the present invention
KETT (Kenematic Effects of Terrain for Typhonns), is denoted as CAL2；The test of third group does not use movement
Effect is learned, is denoted as CAL3, as shown in table 1.In three groups of tests, it is all made of blocking effect and overland flow effect, it is objective not use
Analysis.
Tri- groups of comparative test designs of table 1CALMET
Observe data introduction
This example uses during typhoon " Mo Landi " influences, and the Wind observation at 981 automatic Observation stations of collection records.
Automatic Observation wind speed is that 1 minute average wind speed and direction record, temporal resolution are 5 minutes at 10m height, observation time from
When 16 days 00, cover CALMET whole simulated time on September 13,00 2016.
WRF analog result
From the point of view of path simulation (Fig. 4 a), when landing time of the WRF simulation in Xiamen City is September 14 days 23, than actually stepping on
The land time evening about 4 hours, illustrate that the Typhoon Tracks speed of simulation is relatively slow at September 14th.But in general, WRF mode is very well again
Existing " Mo Landi " northwest row on ocean surface, from Chinese the island of Taiwan southern side after after south Fujian logs in and logs in
North is folded over journey, and simulation effect is preferable.From the point of view of strength simulation (Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c), it is quick that WRF mode successfully simulates " Mo Landi "
Enhancing stage, simulation maximum wind velocity are 68m s-1, minimum sea level central pressure is 905hPa, is connect very much with result is analyzed again
Closely.
CALMET analog result
Fig. 5 gives before typhoon " Mo Landi " logs in (at September 14 days 17) and after logging in (at September 15 days 01), CAL1 examination
It tests and the wind speed difference field figure in CAL2 test at earth's surface 10m height.Wherein, difference wind field is horizontal resolution 500m's
CALMET lattice point wind field subtracts the CALMET lattice point wind field of horizontal resolution 3km.In CAL1 test, due to using CALMET
Original kinematics effect scheme, divergence minimize adjustment and consider the influence that moves vertically of typhoon itself, thus no matter
Before Landed Typhoon or after logging in, nearby there is an apparent systematic error in center of typhoon, and wind arrow difference is directed toward center of typhoon
(Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b).In CAL2 test, due to using improved kinematics effect scheme KETT, it is contemplated that center of typhoon is attached
Close vertical movement, the systematic error near center of typhoon are eliminated (Fig. 5 c, Fig. 5 d).
In order to which quantitative contrast CALMET kinematics effect improves the difference of front and back Surface wind, this example is also calculated separately
(10m height mean wind speed is greater than 17.1m s to typhoon force 7 wind circle-1, abbreviation R17) and earth's surface in interior CAL1, CAL2 and WRF simulation
Wind speed V at 10m height10With wind direction WD10Root-mean-square error (RMSE) change with time, as shown in Figure 6.It is counted from wind speed
As a result from the point of view of, when using the original kinematics effect of CALMET (CAL1 test), V10Root-mean-square error is in 6m s-1To 13m s-1It
Between, opposite WRF simulation has 20~30% improvement；After improved kinematics effect scheme KETT (CAL2 test), V10?
Square error is in 6m s-1To 11m s-1Between, reduce 10.8% in Landed Typhoon forward backward averaging relative to its air speed error of CAL1
(14 days 18 when 15 days 04).From the point of view of wind direction statistical result, CAL1 does not have clear improvement relative to WRF analog result；
And after using KETT (CAL2 test), WD10Root-mean-square error have more apparent improvement, averagely reduce than CAL1
5.4%.For synthesis, Surface wind of the improved kinematics effect scheme KETT of the method for the present invention to typhoon gale region
Analog capability has more significant promotion.
In order in the region of quantitative study stone Snake Hill CALMET kinematics effect to the shadow of landfall typhoon simulation of wind near the ground
It rings, this example has counted the wind speed V of earth's surface 10m height in CAL2, CAL3 and WRF simulation respectively10With wind direction WD10With the region
The root-mean-square error of interior 12 observation station data.It, can be according to " Mo Landi " strong wind area (wind speed >=17.1 m in the statistics
s-1) time for influencing stone Snake Hill region is divided into three periods: before (I) typhoon strong wind area influences；(II) typhoon strong wind area influences
When；(III) after typhoon strong wind area influences.
As shown in Fig. 7 a, 7b, from the point of view of wind speed statistical result, using improved kinematics effect scheme KETT (CAL2)
Than the V obtained without using kinematics effect (CAL3)10Error wants small, and three period average root-mean-square errors respectively reduce
12.1%, 17.9% and 15.1%.From the point of view of wind direction statistical result, using KETT scheme (CAL2) than not using kinematics effect
(CAL3) WD obtained10Error generally reduces, and three period average root-mean-square errors respectively reduce 15.5%, 20.3% and
14.6%.For synthesis, improved kinematics effect scheme KETT is to the complicated landform wind near the ground under the influence of landfall typhoon
Field analog capability has more significant promotion.
To sum up reach following technical effect by the method for the invention:
(1) using after improved kinematics effect scheme KETT, due to considering the vertical movement of typhoon itself, in typhoon
The systematic error of modeling wind field is eliminated near the heart.
(2) the 10m wind speed root-mean-square error ratio WRF analog result obtained using the original kinematics effect scheme of CALMET is subtracted
Small by 20~30%, wind direction analog result is close with WRF.After improving kinematics scheme KETT using CALMET, wind speed simulation is missed
Difference averagely reduces 10.8% compared to original scheme before and after Landed Typhoon, and wind direction simulation error averagely reduces 5.4%.It is improved
Kinematics effect scheme KETT has more significant promotion to the Surface wind analog capability in typhoon gale region.
(3) kinematics effect can preferably react influence of the local landform to wind field near the ground.Kinematics effect is sensitive
Property analysis and research show: compared using kinematics effect KETT with the analog result for not using kinematics effect to obtain, in typhoon
Before strong wind area influence, when influencing and after influencing, stone Snake Hill region 10m height air speed error respectively reduces 12.1%, 17.9% and
15.1%, wind direction error, which is differentiated, reduces 15.5%, 20.3% and 14.6%, illustrates KETT pairs of scheme of improved kinematics effect
Complicated landform simulation of wind ability near the ground under the influence of landfall typhoon has more significant promotion.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to non-row
His property includes, so that the process, method, article or the device that include a series of elements not only include those elements, and
And further include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or device institute it is intrinsic
Element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that including being somebody's turn to do
There is also other identical elements in the process, method of element, article or device.
The serial number of the above embodiments of the invention is only for description, does not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that above-described embodiment side
Method can be realized by means of software and necessary general hardware platform, naturally it is also possible to by hardware, but in many cases
The former is more preferably embodiment.Based on this understanding, technical solution of the present invention substantially in other words does the prior art
The part contributed out can be embodied in the form of software products, which is stored in a storage medium
In (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, CD), including some instructions are used so that a terminal (can be mobile phone, computer, service
Device, air conditioner or network equipment etc.) execute method described in each embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention is described with above attached drawing, but the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific
Embodiment, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, those skilled in the art
Under the inspiration of the present invention, without breaking away from the scope protected by the purposes and claims of the present invention, it can also make very much
Form, all of these belong to the protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground for improving kinematics effect, which is characterized in that this method includes following step
Suddenly,
The first coordinate distribution of the mesoscale wind field air quantity is obtained based on subaerial mesoscale wind field；
By first coordinate distribution conversion into terrain following coordinate system, it is iterated calculating and obtains in terrain following coordinate system
The wind field of air quantity is distributed；
The second coordinate distribution that the wind field distribution of air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted to air quantity, is based on described second
Coordinate distribution, which calculate, obtains Horizontal Winds distribution.
2. typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mesoscale wind field air quantity
The first coordinate be distributed as the air quantity three dimensional velocity distribution under cartesian coordinate system.
3. typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described to be based in subaerial
Scale wind field obtains the first coordinate distribution of the mesoscale wind field air quantity, comprising:
Obtain the Horizontal Winds data of Study of Meso Scale Weather research with prediction WRF mode；
Using the Horizontal Winds data of the WRF mode as the initial level wind field of California Meteorological Models CALMET point
Cloth；
Forced By Topography vertical velocity is calculated, is met:
Wherein,For horizontal wind vector, htFor Terrain Elevation, N is that frequency is drawn in Visa, and z is terrain clearance,g
For acceleration of gravity, θ is position temperature；
Vertical velocity based on WRF mode output calculates vertical under cartesian coordinate system with the Forced By Topography vertical velocity
Wind speed；
The distribution of the first coordinate is constructed with vertical velocity under the cartesian coordinate system respectively according to the initial level wind field.
4. typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described by first coordinate
Distribution conversion is into terrain following coordinate system, comprising:
By the vertical velocity w under cartesian coordinate systemtcIt converts to the vertical velocity W under terrain following coordinate systemtc, meet:
In formula, (u, v) is two horizontal velocity components under cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z).
5. typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described to be iterated calculating and obtain
Obtain the wind field distribution of air quantity in terrain following coordinate system, comprising:
Based on the vertical velocity W under the terrain following coordinate systemtcIt is distributed with the initial level wind field and carries out divergence minimum
Iteration, until the three-dimensional divergence of entire wind field is less than threshold epsilon to obtain the Horizontal Winds distribution of air quantity in terrain following coordinate system.
The divergence minimizes iteration and meets:
Wherein, Div is three-dimensional divergence, Utc、VtcFor the Horizontal Winds under terrain following coordinate system (X, Y, Z), ε is given threshold.
6. typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described by the terrain following
The wind field distribution of air quantity is converted to the second coordinate distribution of air quantity in coordinate system, comprising:
The Horizontal Winds distribution of air quantity in the terrain following coordinate system is converted into the Horizontal Winds under cartesian coordinate system point
Cloth is distributed as the second coordinate of air quantity；
The residual error between the second coordinate distribution of air quantity and initial level wind field distribution is calculated, is specified if the residual error is less than
Then the second coordinate distribution based on the air quantity carries out calculating acquisition Horizontal Winds distribution threshold value.
7. typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground according to claim 6, which is characterized in that specified if the residual error is greater than
The distribution of second coordinate of air quantity is then assigned to the initial level wind field and is distributed by threshold value, repeat cartesian coordinate system with
The translation operation of terrain following coordinate system, until residual error is less than specified threshold.
8. typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described by the terrain following
After the second coordinate that the wind field distribution of air quantity is converted to air quantity in coordinate system is distributed, this method also includes:
Horizontal wind speed distribution in the second coordinate distribution based on the air quantity, the Forced By Topography calculated under the distribution of the second coordinate hang down
Straight wind speed；
It is calculated based on the Forced By Topography vertical velocity under vertical velocity under the cartesian coordinate system and second coordinate distribution
Wind field vertical velocity；
Wind field horizontal velocity under divergence minimum iteration cartesian coordinate system is carried out to the wind field vertical velocity.
9. typhoon simulation of wind method near the ground according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described to be sat based on described second
Mark distribution, which calculate, obtains Horizontal Winds distribution, comprising:
Blocking effect and overland flow calculation of effect based on CALMET obtain Horizontal Winds distribution.
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| CN201910612957.4A CN110321642B (en) | 2019-07-09 | 2019-07-09 | Typhoon near-ground wind field simulation method for improving kinematic effect |
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