CN110320466B - On-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method, system and storage medium - Google Patents

On-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method, system and storage medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110320466B
CN110320466B CN201910511663.2A CN201910511663A CN110320466B CN 110320466 B CN110320466 B CN 110320466B CN 201910511663 A CN201910511663 A CN 201910511663A CN 110320466 B CN110320466 B CN 110320466B
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changer
load tap
converter transformer
line monitoring
vibration
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CN110320466A (en
Inventor
王同磊
陆云才
蔚超
陶风波
吴益明
李建生
官为民
李栋
张知先
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Chongqing University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Chongqing University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H17/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a vibration signal of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer and a current signal of a driving motor of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer in the process of shifting the converter transformer on-load tap-changer; determining the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer according to the acquired current signal of the driving motor; filtering the collected vibration signals; extracting characteristic parameters of the vibration signal and establishing a characteristic vector describing the vibration signal; establishing a sample set according to the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal; and calculating the isolation degree of respective vibration signals of the converter transformer on-load tap-changers according to the established sample set, and if the isolation degree is higher than a threshold value, determining that the on-load tap-changer corresponding to the sample has a fault. The method can automatically judge the running state of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer and solve the problem that the current on-line monitoring equipment of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer is difficult to realize intelligent diagnosis.

Description

On-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method, system and storage medium
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of on-line monitoring of electrical equipment, and particularly relates to an on-line monitoring method for the operating state of a converter transformer on-load tap-changer based on unsupervised learning.
Background
As a core device of interfaces at two ends of rectification and inversion in a direct current transmission project, the running state of a converter transformer is directly related to the safety of the whole direct current transmission project.
The on-load tap changer of the converter transformer compensates voltage fluctuation by changing the turn ratio of a winding of the converter transformer, is the only frequently-operated mechanical and electrical integrated equipment in the converter transformer, and the probability of occurrence of poor operation and faults is increased along with the increase of the action times, so that the safety of the converter transformer can be endangered.
Compared with an on-load tap-changer of an alternating current transformer, the on-load tap-changer of the converter transformer has the advantages that the voltage regulation range is larger, the span is smaller, and the switching current gradient and the recovery voltage are larger than those of the alternating current transformer with the same current and level voltage parameters. Therefore, the technical difficulty and reliability requirements of the tap switch of the converter transformer are high, and the accurate monitoring of the running state of the tap switch of the converter transformer is significant for guaranteeing the safe running of a direct-current transmission system.
At present, the on-line monitoring of the on-load tap-changer of the converter transformer is mainly realized by collecting and analyzing vibration signals generated when the on-load tap-changer of the converter transformer acts. Monitoring equipment manufacturers at home and abroad, such as ZONSOL, Xiamen red and the like, develop a plurality of sets of on-load tap-changer operation state monitoring equipment based on vibration signals, but the ubiquitous problem is that the judgment of the operation state needs to be made by depending on professionals, and the intelligent diagnosis requirement of the on-line monitoring equipment is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method, a system and a storage medium for monitoring the running state of a converter transformer on-load tap-changer on line based on unsupervised learning, which can automatically judge the running state of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer, and adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a method for online monitoring of an operating state of an on-load tap changer includes the steps of:
collecting a vibration signal of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer and a current signal of a driving motor of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer in the process of shifting the converter transformer on-load tap-changer;
determining the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer according to the acquired current signal of the driving motor;
filtering the acquired vibration signal according to the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer;
extracting characteristic parameters of the filtered vibration signal and establishing a characteristic vector describing the vibration signal;
establishing a sample set according to the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal;
and calculating the isolation degree of respective vibration signals of the converter transformer on-load tap-changers according to the established sample set, and if the isolation degree is higher than a threshold value, judging that the on-load tap-changer corresponding to the sample has a fault.
In combination with the first aspect, further, a vibration signal of the top of the tap changer is collected by a vibration signal collecting device, and the vibration signal collecting device is an acceleration sensor.
With reference to the first aspect, further, a current sensor is used to collect a signal of a driving motor of the tap changer, and the current sensor is a current clamp.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the determining the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer according to the collected current signal of the driving motor specifically includes:
and extracting a current signal peak value of the driving motor, considering that the on-load tap-changer starts to carry out switching operation when the current signal reaches a threshold value for the first time, and considering that the switching action of the on-load tap-changer is finished after the current signal is zero.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the establishing a sample set according to the characteristic parameter of the vibration signal specifically includes:
establishing a sample set D of vibration signals according to characteristic parameters extracted from the collected vibration signals of the position actions of each contact of each on-load decomposition switchiL, where L is the number of operating positions of the converter transformer on-load tap changer.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the sensor for collecting the vibration signal of the on-load tap changer is installed on the top of the on-load tap changer.
With reference to the first aspect, further, an isolated forest algorithm is adopted for calculating the isolation degree of respective vibration signals of the on-load tap-changers of the converter transformers.
In a second aspect, an on-load tap-changer operation state online monitoring system is provided, which includes:
an acquisition module: the method is used for acquiring a vibration signal of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer and a current signal of a driving motor of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer in the process of shifting the converter transformer on-load tap-changer;
an action time determination module: the control circuit is used for determining the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer according to the collected current signal of the driving motor;
a filtering module: the system is used for filtering the acquired vibration signals according to the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer;
a signal extraction module: the characteristic parameters are used for extracting the filtered vibration signals and establishing a characteristic vector for describing the vibration signals; establishing a sample set according to the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal;
a fault judgment module: and the method is used for calculating the isolation degree of respective vibration signals of the on-load tap-changers according to the established sample set, and if the isolation degree is higher than a threshold value, judging that the on-load tap-changers corresponding to the samples have faults.
In a third aspect, an on-load tap-changer operation state online monitoring system is provided, which comprises a memory and a processor;
the memory is to store instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method of any of the first aspects.
In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of the first aspect.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the vibration signal acquisition device is directly arranged on the equipment, so that the vibration signals generated in the normal operation of the equipment are learned, a training sample set with mark information is not required to be established in advance, the universality is better, the method is suitable for large-scale application, and is helpful for maintenance workers to timely master the operation state of each on-load tap-changer and timely carry out maintenance work.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an online monitoring method for the operating state of a converter transformer on-load tap changer based on unsupervised learning according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a converter transformer on-load tap changer vibration signal and a driving motor current signal acquired by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph illustrating the isolation of vibration signals of a plurality of converter transformers on-load tap changers calculated by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an abnormal vibration waveform detected based on the method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In recent years, machine learning techniques have been rapidly developed and widely used in the fields of pattern recognition, abnormal states, and the like. Machine learning can be divided into supervised learning and unsupervised learning according to whether the training samples carry labeled information. In view of the diversity of the types and the fault types of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer, a complete training sample set with marking information is difficult to obtain, the training sample set with the marking information is not required to be established in advance in unsupervised learning, an on-line monitoring system based on unsupervised learning can be directly arranged on normally-operated equipment, and learning is carried out from a vibration signal generated under the normal state of the equipment, so that when a fault occurs, the vibration signal changes, the monitoring system can timely monitor the generation of the fault, and the severity of the fault can be roughly judged according to the change degree of the vibration signal.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, in the gear shifting process of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer, vibration signals of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer are collected through a vibration signal collecting device, and current signals of a driving motor of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer are collected through a current sensor; the vibration signal acquisition device adopts an acceleration sensor with the model number of KS64B, the line of a detection frequency band is larger than 20kHz, in order to obtain a good vibration signal acquisition effect, the vibration signal acquisition device is installed on a top cover of an on-load tap-changer, and a current sensor adopts a current clamp and is installed on a certain phase current line of a driving motor.
Secondly, determining the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer according to the collected current signal of the driving motor; in this step, the operation of the on-load tap-changer is divided into three stages, i.e., before, during and after the operation, as shown in fig. 2, the peak value of the current signal is extracted first, the threshold value of the end point is set to 20% of the peak value, and when the current signal reaches the threshold value for the first time, the on-load tap-changer is considered to start the switching operation. And when the current of the driving motor is recovered to be 0 value, the on-load tap-changer is considered to be finished acting.
Step three, filtering the acquired vibration signal according to the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer; the vibration signals before the on-load tap-changer acts are mainly vibration noises generated by the converter transformer body, the converter transformer oil filter and the on-load tap-changer oil filter, the distribution rule of the noises is relatively constant, and the main frequency spectrum component of the vibration signals before the on-load tap-changer acts is filtered.
Extracting characteristic parameters of the filtered vibration signal and establishing a characteristic vector describing the vibration signal;
for the filtered vibration signals, extracting characteristic parameters of the vibration signals by adopting wavelet transformation, and establishing a characteristic vector for describing the vibration signal samples.
Step five, establishing a sample set D according to the collected vibration signals of the position action of each contact of each on-load tap-changer and the characteristic parameters extracted in the step fouri1,2, L, wherein L is the number of operating positions of the converter transformer on-load tap changer.
Step six, calculating the isolation degree of respective vibration signals of the on-load tap-changers of the converter transformers according to the established sample set, and if the isolation degree is higher than a threshold value, judging that the on-load tap-changers corresponding to the samples have faults;
the isolated forest algorithm is adopted for calculating the isolation degree, and the principle of the isolated forest algorithm is as follows: the isolated forest is composed of t isolated trees, each isolated tree is a binary tree structure, and the implementation steps are as follows:
1. u point sample points (sample points need not be labeled) are randomly selected from the training data to be placed in the root node of the tree.
2. Randomly appointing a dimension, and randomly generating a cutting point p in the current node data, wherein the cutting point is generated between the maximum value and the minimum value of the appointed dimension in the current node data.
3. A hyperplane is generated by the cut point, and then the data space of the current node is divided into 2 subspaces: and placing the data smaller than p in the specified dimension at the left child node of the current node, and placing the data larger than or equal to p at the right child node of the current node.
4. Recursion steps 2 and 3 in the child node continue to construct new child nodes until only one datum in the child node (cutting can no longer be continued) or the child node has reached a defined height (the training is finished if one of the two training conditions is met).
And after t isolated trees are obtained, finishing the training of the isolated forest algorithm. For a sample x to be detected, we traverse it through each isolated tree, then compute x finally falls at the level of each tree (x is at the height of the tree). We can then find the average height of x per tree, i.e. the degree of isolation of x.
And setting the value of mu +2 sigma as a threshold value for the detection value of the isolation degree, wherein the value of mu and sigma is the overall mean value and the overall standard deviation of the isolation degree of the on-load tap-changers, and considering that the on-load tap-changer with the vibration signal isolation degree greater than the value of mu +2 sigma is possible to have a fault, and further analysis or manual inspection can be carried out.
Therefore, the on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method provided by the invention has good universality, is suitable for large-scale application, and is beneficial for maintenance workers to timely master the operation state of each on-load tap-changer and timely carry out maintenance work by directly arranging the sensor on the equipment to be tested and learning from vibration signals generated in the operation of the equipment.
The on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for carrying out the on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method, and comprises the following steps:
an acquisition module: the method is used for acquiring a vibration signal of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer and a current signal of a driving motor of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer in the process of shifting the converter transformer on-load tap-changer;
an action time determination module: the control circuit is used for determining the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer according to the collected current signal of the driving motor;
a filtering module: the system is used for filtering the acquired vibration signals according to the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer;
a signal extraction module: the characteristic parameters are used for extracting the filtered vibration signals and establishing a characteristic vector for describing the vibration signals; establishing a sample set according to the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal;
a fault judgment module: and the method is used for calculating the isolation degree of respective vibration signals of the on-load tap-changers according to the established sample set, and if the isolation degree is higher than a threshold value, judging that the on-load tap-changers corresponding to the samples have faults.
The on-load tap-changer running state on-line monitoring system provided by the invention can also be as follows: comprising a memory and a processor; the memory is to store instructions;
the processor is used for operating according to the instruction to execute the steps of the on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method.
The invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method for on-line monitoring of the operating state of an on-load tap-changer.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting a vibration signal of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer and a current signal of a driving motor of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer in the process of shifting the converter transformer on-load tap-changer;
determining the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer according to the acquired current signal of the driving motor;
filtering the acquired vibration signal according to the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer;
extracting characteristic parameters of the filtered vibration signal and establishing a characteristic vector describing the vibration signal;
establishing a sample set according to the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal, specifically: establishing a sample set D of vibration signals according to characteristic parameters extracted from the collected vibration signals of the position actions of each contact of each on-load decomposition switchiL, wherein L is the number of operating positions of the converter transformer on-load tap changer;
and calculating the isolation degree of respective vibration signals of the converter transformer on-load tap-changers according to the established sample set, and if the isolation degree is higher than a threshold value, judging that the on-load tap-changer corresponding to the sample has a fault.
2. The on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vibration signal collecting device is used for collecting vibration signals at the top of the tap switch and is an acceleration sensor.
3. The on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drive motor signal of the tap switch is acquired through a current sensor which is a current clamp.
4. The on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the action time of the converter transformer on-load tap-changer according to the collected current signal of the driving motor specifically comprises:
and extracting a current signal peak value of the driving motor, considering that the on-load tap-changer starts to carry out switching operation when the current signal reaches a threshold value for the first time, and considering that the switching action of the on-load tap-changer is finished after the current signal is zero.
5. The on-load tap-changer operating state on-line monitoring method of claim 1, characterized in that a sensor for collecting vibration signals of the on-load tap-changer is installed on the top of the on-load tap-changer.
6. The on-load tap-changer operation state on-line monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that an isolated forest algorithm is adopted for calculating the isolation degree of respective vibration signals of each converter transformer on-load tap-changer.
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