CN110313887B - Heterogeneous visual chart and visual inspection method - Google Patents

Heterogeneous visual chart and visual inspection method Download PDF

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CN110313887B
CN110313887B CN201910605759.5A CN201910605759A CN110313887B CN 110313887 B CN110313887 B CN 110313887B CN 201910605759 A CN201910605759 A CN 201910605759A CN 110313887 B CN110313887 B CN 110313887B
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visual
chart
target
vision
heterogeneous
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CN110313887A (en
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汪岚
苑一祥
苑志岷
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Qingdao University
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Qingdao University
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/097325 priority patent/WO2021004258A1/en
Priority to US17/614,562 priority patent/US11445905B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors

Abstract

The invention relates to a heterogeneous visual chart and a visual inspection method, wherein the heterogeneous visual chart is a large and small wrong-looking chart consisting of a heterogeneous reference area and at least 2 visual targets with different sizes, the heterogeneous reference area can cause the erroneous judgment of the sizes of the visual targets with different sizes, and a certain small visual target is not smaller than another large visual target in vision. The vision test method judges whether the vision of a tested person is real vision or not through the visual difference tested on the heterogeneous visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart. The invention takes the illusion picture formed by the visual targets and the perspective pictures with different sizes as the visual chart, judges the size of the object by causing the illusion interference of the visual depth without influencing the discrimination of the real vision, and further discriminates the camouflage vision.

Description

Heterogeneous visual chart and visual inspection method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vision test, and particularly relates to an isomeric visual chart for vision test and a vision test method.
Background
The eyesight is one of the commonly used indexes of human body function states, and China usually adopts the GB 11533 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart to test the eyesight, but in the process of testing the eyesight, the main problems are as follows:
(1) the visual inspection results depend on subjective cooperation and mastery, and unrealistic conditions exist. The visual acuity test method is characterized in that the test is carried out through a conventional visual acuity chart, the minimum visual acuity with the standard test distance of 5 meters can be correctly identified to be more than half of the visual acuity, and the best main visual acuity is the real visual acuity of a tested person by default. Because the test process highly depends on subjective cooperation and mastery, and the directions and the sequences of the visual targets of various visual acuity of the visual chart are fixed, when the mastery is not true, the test result can not reflect the true visual acuity. For example, to meet vision requirements of high school, soldier, work, etc., the directions of the visual targets with higher vision of 1 line to 2 lines are remembered to disguise high vision during examination. As another example, in criminal judgment, a victim lies to recognize only a visual target with low vision to disguise the low vision, resulting in false identification, leaving the victim to receive more compensation or aggravating the penalty of the victim. The inventor finds that the high vision can be effectively prevented from being disguised by the fact that the arrangement sequence of the visual marks is well marked by a person to be tested by changing the structure and the testing distance of the visual chart and changing the size and the direction of the visual marks in the research process. Since the perception system can disguise low vision by estimating the size of the optotype and the distance between the optotypes, it is difficult for the disguised low vision person to effectively judge. Disguised low vision still remains an important problem of vision inspection, even if vision reduction is found to be unexplained and disguised, clear judgment and conclusion cannot be made due to lack of basis, and false results are adopted.
(2) The vision determination method is inconsistent, and the low vision test error is larger. The number of the visual targets in each line of the 'GB 11533 standard logarithmic visual chart' is 2-8, the vision is determined according to the 'the number of the visual targets which are correctly recognized exceeds half of the total number of the visual targets', and the number of the visual targets which are adopted in the actual determination is not uniform. Especially, the low vision is one of the important states of the visual function, which usually relates to social problems of social security, personal injury insurance claim settlement and the like, however, in the GB 11533 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, the number of the low vision optotypes is 2-4, and the error of the low vision inspection is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the authenticity of a vision test result is difficult to judge, the low vision test error is large and the like in the existing vision test process, the invention provides a heterogeneous visual chart, a vision test device and a test method. The visual acuity test chart has the advantages that the large and small visual errors formed by the visual targets and the perspective views in different sizes are used as the visual acuity test chart, the structure of the visual acuity test chart is changed, the tested person is tested for multiple times to obtain the real visual acuity of the tested person, and the disguised visual acuity, particularly the disguised low visual acuity, can be effectively found.
Eyesight is the perception of people on the size of an external object, and is influenced by external sensory stimulation and internal cognitive processes. These cognitive processes are influenced by past experience, memory, and other factors. When the examinee uses the conventional visual chart to perform visual acuity test, the examinee mainly pretends the visual acuity according to the special perception capability of the object size. Illusion is the erroneous judgment and perception that a person forms based on an empirically defined or inappropriate reference when viewing an object. The visual acuity test chart is characterized in that the visual acuity test chart is an illusion chart formed by visual targets and perspective views of different sizes, the size of an object is judged through illusion interference causing visual depth, real vision discrimination is not affected, and accordingly disguised vision is distinguished.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, which is a large-small wrong-look chart composed of a heterogeneous reference area and at least 2 kinds of visual targets with different sizes, wherein the heterogeneous reference area can cause misjudgment on the sizes of the visual targets with different sizes, and visually, a certain smaller visual target is not smaller than another larger visual target.
Preferably, the heterogeneous reference area is a perspective view capable of generating visual depth influence on the visual targets with different sizes, the M larger visual targets are placed at the visually closer positions in the perspective view, the N smaller visual targets are placed at the visually farther positions in the perspective view, and M and N are positive integers which are not less than 1, so that the size misjudgment of the visual targets with different sizes is caused by the illusion of the visual depth.
Preferably, the perspective view that has visual depth influence on the optotypes with different sizes is a background part in a view with constant and wrong sizes, for example, the perspective view is a grid pattern formed by first lines, second lines and third lines, a plurality of first lines are concentrated to one point along the depth direction, a plurality of second lines parallel to each other are intersected with the first lines in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of third lines parallel to each other are intersected with the first lines in the vertical direction.
Preferably, the heterogeneous reference area further comprises an illusion graphic enabling the smaller optotype to be visually larger and the larger optotype to be visually smaller, the illusion graphic including but not limited to an alphanumeric graphic, a numeric graphic, a geometric graphic, a cone, etc. to perform the illusion function. Preferably, the letter figure is a visual target figure having the same structure as the visual target.
Preferably, a colored block is further arranged between two different groups of the visual targets in the heterogeneous reference area, and the two groups of the visual targets are connected through the colored block in a partition mode to form a partition visually.
When the quantity of sighting marks is two, 1 st sighting mark includes the sighting mark that a plurality of size is little, 2 nd sighting mark includes the sighting mark that a plurality of size is big, and the size of 1 st sighting mark is 0.64-0.99 times of 2 nd sighting mark size, the margin distance that every kind of sighting mark and its surrounding lines that constitute heterogeneous reference area or the wrong vision figure is more than half of this kind of sighting mark width, the margin distance between two kinds of adjacent sighting marks is more than half of great sighting mark width, every kind of sighting mark all contains four directions at least 5 sighting marks, and the direction of two adjacent sighting marks is different. Specifically, the heterogeneous reference area is the 1 st visual target graph and the 2 nd visual target graph which have the same structure with the visual target, the 1 st visual target graph and the 2 nd visual target graph are respectively arranged around the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target, the size of the 1 st visual target graph is not more than 0.5 times of that of the 1 st visual target, the size of the 2 nd visual target graph is not less than 1.5 times of that of the 2 nd visual target, through generating the Ahaobing illusion, the 1 st visual target is larger visually, the 2 nd visual target is smaller visually, and the normal judgment on the size of the affected visual target is further realized. The sighting target graph is specifically an E-word sighting target graph and a C-word sighting target graph which have the same principle. The conical body is arranged between the 2 kinds of visual marks, the tip of the conical body is arranged near the 1 st visual mark, and the bottom surface of the conical body is arranged near the 2 nd visual mark.
Preferably, the size of the 1 st optotype is 0.79 to 0.81 times the size of the 2 nd optotype.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vision testing method, comprising the steps of:
performing vision inspection through the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, enabling the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be inspected to move from far to near or from near to far relative to the inspected person, changing the inspection distance between the inspected person and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be inspected until any 1 group of visual targets are not more than half of the visual targets to be inspected correctly, respectively recording the number of two types of visual targets correctly identified in the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, and calculating and recording the inspected vision;
performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the detection distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, recording the tested vision,
in the process, for the same person to be tested, the number of times of testing by adopting the heterogeneous visual acuity charts is more than or equal to 1, and whether the vision of the person to be tested is real vision is judged according to the vision difference among the tested heterogeneous visual acuity charts and among the heterogeneous visual acuity charts and the standard logarithmic visual acuity charts. The specific judgment method of the eyesight comprises the following steps:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard vision row, namely: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight detected by the standard logarithmic visual chart is the real eyesight;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight, one reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight does not reach 2 standard eyesight, but the 1 st eyesight target can be correctly identified and the 2 nd eyesight target can not be correctly identified in the heterogeneous eyesight test, or the contradiction which can not be reasonably explained exists between each eyesight, the subjective mismatch is possible, and the eyesight of the standard logarithmic eyesight test is possible to be false eyesight.
Furthermore, the vision test method also comprises the steps of carrying out vision test through the single visual chart, enabling the single visual chart to be tested to move from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the test distance between the tested person and the single visual chart to be tested until the tested person can correctly identify the farthest distance of more than half of the visual targets, calculating and recording the tested vision,
the single visual chart is a plan view consisting of at least 5 visual targets with the same size, the directions of the visual targets in the visual chart are 4, the margin distance between any two adjacent visual targets is more than half of the width of the visual targets, the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the vertical direction are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the horizontal direction are different;
in the process, for the same person to be tested, the times of testing by adopting the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the single visual acuity chart are more than or equal to 1 time, and whether the vision of the person to be tested is real vision is judged according to the vision difference among the tested heterogeneous visual acuity charts, among the single visual acuity charts, between the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the single visual acuity chart, between the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard vision row, namely: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight detected by the standard logarithmic visual chart is the real eyesight;
if one of the above-mentioned poor eyesight reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight does not reach 2 standard eyesight, but the 1 st eyesight target can be correctly identified and the 2 nd eyesight target can not be correctly identified in the heterogeneous eyesight test, or the contradiction which can not be reasonably explained exists between each eyesight, the subjective mismatch is possible, and the eyesight of the standard logarithmic eyesight test is possible to be false eyesight.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the heterogeneous visual acuity chart consists of at least 2 visual targets with different sizes, and when the visual targets are 2, the size of the small visual target is 0.64-0.99 times that of the large visual target. When the checking distance between the heterogeneous visual chart and the person to be checked is the distance that the person to be checked can correctly recognize the small visual target, the person to be checked can correctly recognize the large visual target at the same time. If the subject can correctly identify the small sighting target and can not correctly identify the large sighting target, the abnormal identification prompts the subject to be detected to falsify the subject, and the early warning is used for preventing the subjective mismatch and disguising the eyesight.
(2) The invention discloses a heterogeneous visual chart, which is a large and small illusion chart consisting of a heterogeneous reference area and at least 2 visual targets with different sizes, wherein the heterogeneous visual chart comprises at least 2 visual targets with different sizes, when the inspection distance between the heterogeneous visual chart and an inspected person is the farthest distance at which the inspected person can identify the large visual target, and the visual target with the small size exceeds the vision of the inspected person and cannot be correctly identified, the design of the at least 2 visual targets with different sizes improves the accuracy of inspection.
(3) According to the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, at least 2 visual targets with different sizes are provided with the heterogeneous reference areas of the graphs formed by the lines, so that the visual size displayed by the visual target with the small size is not smaller than that displayed by the visual target with the large size, and the visual targets with the different sizes are easily confused by a person to be inspected during inspection, so that the size of the visual target of the person to be inspected can be judged incorrectly, the person to be inspected can not be disguised, and the inspection accuracy is improved. In addition, another recognition abnormality occurs in the test of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, namely, the visual acuity results of two test distances cannot be reasonably explained in the same test of the same heterogeneous visual acuity chart. For example, 2.48 meters can correctly recognize 0.8 and 0.888 optotypes, while 2.68 meters cannot recognize 0.8 and 0.888 optotypes, with 0.40 and 0.436 and <0.429 and <0.472 vision. If 0.436 can be clearly seen and 0.429 cannot be clearly seen, the subjective fit is not good enough.
(4) The vision test device adopts two different visual charts, namely the heterogeneous visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart, to carry out vision test, and at least 2 visual targets adopted by the heterogeneous visual chart are easily confused by a tested person, so that the size of the visual targets of the tested person can be judged wrongly, the tested person can not camouflage, and the test accuracy is improved, therefore, whether the vision tested by the standard logarithmic visual chart is real or not can be judged by the visual difference tested by the heterogeneous visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart, and the camouflage vision can be effectively found and the camouflage high vision can be overcome.
(5) The vision test device is also provided with a single vision chart, the single vision chart and the heterogeneous vision chart are used together with the standard logarithmic vision chart for vision test, and the test result is more accurate after repeated tests.
(6) The vision testing device is provided with the movable supporting device and the visual target size setting module, the distance between the visual chart and the tested person is changed through the movable supporting device, the size of the visual target is set through the visual target size setting module, the size of the visual target used in each test is different from the test distance when the vision is tested, and the test result is more accurate after repeated tests. For example, a person to be tested has a decimal vision of 0.25, and the test preferably indicates that the vision has: a distance of 4.4 meters identifies 0.3 optotypes, 5 meters identifies 0.27 optotypes, 6.3 meters identifies 0.2 optotypes, and so on.
(7) The invention relates to a visual inspection device and an inspection method, which are used for inspecting the real vision, namely the minimum visual angle of vision. The visual chart structure which can be recited is lacked due to diversified inspection, so that the person who pretends to be high-vision only can recognize the minimum visual target by the real vision, and the person who pretends to be high-vision cannot pretend to be high-vision.
(8) As the person who pretends to be low-vision selects a certain lower vision below the best vision as the best primary vision, the actual recognizable visual level is higher than the best primary vision, and the selected low vision is maintained according to the standard logarithmic visual chart structure in multiple tests. The vision test device and the test method of the invention have the advantages that because the structures of the visual charts are different, the sizes and the directions of the visual targets are changed, the test distance of the visual charts is also changed, the judgment basis of the vision test result of the person with low disguised vision is lost, the same false lower chief vision cannot be always kept in the changes of the visual charts, the visual targets and the distances, the phenomenon of good and bad chief vision appears, and the subjective noncoordination and the disguised vision of the tested person are confirmed. Particularly, when the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is used for inspection, the person who pretends to be low in visual acuity usually selects the visual target which looks bigger, and the visual target is often expressed as the contradiction that the visual target can be identified but the visual target can not be identified, which is difficult to be reasonably explained.
(9) Because the vision test is highly dependent on the subjective cooperation of the tested person, if the conditions of not actively watching or not identifying the sighting target and the like occur, the real vision of the person cannot be obtained through test. If the vision is different obviously through multiple tests, the repeated vision verification principle is violated, and the subjective mismatch judgment can be made according to the principle. The vision inspection device and the inspection method of the invention utilize the subjective mismatch judgment conclusion to carry out subjective mismatch judgment, accord with the vision inspection rule, are scientific and reliable, improve the variety of the vision inspection conclusion, can effectively prevent the person who pretends to be visual to obtain improper benefit, and have positive and important practical significance.
(10) When the vision test device and the test method are used for testing the vision, various preventive measures can be comprehensively used for preventing the tested person from disguising the vision, such as: checking interval eye closure and resting, and reducing the temporary memory of the sighting target and the distance; and randomly using the visual chart with different visual target directions to prevent the arrangement sequence of the visual targets from being mastered, and the like.
(11) The vision test device and the test method of the invention use visual targets with different visual charts and different sizes and change the test distance from near to far or from far to near or 5m standard test distance in each test when the vision test is carried out, the test result depends on the real and best vision, the subjective unmatched person does not give the vision test conclusion, and the vision conclusion is real and reliable.
Drawings
Fig. 1-21 are schematic diagrams of the structures of the heterogeneous eye charts according to embodiments 1-21 of the present invention, respectively.
Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a single vision table according to embodiment 22 of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a simplified diagram of a standard logarithmic visual chart according to example 23 of the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a schematic view of a visual acuity test apparatus according to embodiment 24 of the present invention.
Fig. 25 is a schematic view of a visual acuity testing apparatus according to embodiment 25 of the present invention.
Fig. 26 is a schematic view of a visual acuity testing apparatus according to embodiment 26 of the present invention.
Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a control unit in the vision testing apparatus according to embodiment 27 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of exemplary embodiments. It should be understood, however, that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The invention provides a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, which is a large and small wrong-looking chart consisting of a heterogeneous reference area and at least 2 visual targets with different sizes, wherein the heterogeneous reference area can cause the wrong judgment on the sizes of the visual targets with different sizes, and a certain small visual target is not smaller than another large visual target in vision.
Preferably, the heterogeneous reference area is a perspective view capable of generating visual depth influence on the visual targets with different sizes, the M larger visual targets are placed at the visually closer positions in the perspective view, the N smaller visual targets are placed at the visually farther positions in the perspective view, and M and N are positive integers which are not less than 1, so that the size misjudgment of the visual targets with different sizes is caused by the illusion of the visual depth.
Preferably, the perspective view that has visual depth influence on the optotypes with different sizes is a background part in a view with constant and wrong sizes, for example, the perspective view is a grid pattern formed by first lines, second lines and third lines, a plurality of first lines are concentrated to one point along the depth direction, a plurality of second lines parallel to each other are intersected with the first lines in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of third lines parallel to each other are intersected with the first lines in the vertical direction.
Preferably, the heterogeneous reference area further comprises an illusion graphic enabling the smaller optotype to be visually larger and the larger optotype to be visually smaller, the illusion graphic including but not limited to an alphanumeric graphic, a numeric graphic, a geometric graphic, a cone, etc. to perform the illusion function. Preferably, the letter figure is a visual target figure having the same structure as the visual target.
Preferably, a colored block is further arranged between two different groups of the visual targets in the heterogeneous reference area, and the two groups of the visual targets are connected through the colored block in a partition mode to form a partition visually.
When the quantity of sighting marks is two, 1 st sighting mark includes the sighting mark that a plurality of size is little, 2 nd sighting mark includes the sighting mark that a plurality of size is big, and the size of 1 st sighting mark is 0.64-0.99 times of 2 nd sighting mark size, the margin distance that every kind of sighting mark and its surrounding lines that constitute heterogeneous reference area or the wrong vision figure is more than half of this kind of sighting mark width, the margin distance between two kinds of adjacent sighting marks is more than half of great sighting mark width, every kind of sighting mark all contains four directions at least 5 sighting marks, and the direction of two adjacent sighting marks is different. Specifically, the heterogeneous reference area comprises a 1 st visual target graph and a 2 nd visual target graph which have the same structures as the visual targets, the 1 st visual target graph and the 2 nd visual target graph are respectively arranged around the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target, the size of the 1 st visual target graph is not more than 0.5 times of that of the 1 st visual target, the size of the 2 nd visual target graph is not less than 1.5 times of that of the 2 nd visual target, through generating an Eihao Bingsi illusion, the 1 st visual target is visually larger, the 2 nd visual target is visually smaller, and the normal judgment on the size of the affected visual target is further realized. The sighting target graph is specifically an E-word sighting target graph and a C-word sighting target graph which have the same principle. The conical body is arranged between the 2 kinds of visual marks, the tip of the conical body is arranged near the 1 st visual mark, and the bottom surface of the conical body is arranged near the 2 nd visual mark.
Preferably, the size of the 1 st optotype is 0.79 to 0.81 times the size of the 2 nd optotype.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes and perspective views giving visual depth effects to the optotypes having different sizes are included, a 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having a small size, a 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having a large size, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. The perspective view includes first lines A, second lines B and third lines C, and a plurality of first lines A are concentrated to a bit along the direction of depth, and a plurality of second lines B that are parallel to each other intersect the grid figure that constitutes with first lines A on the horizontal direction and form a horizontal plane, and a plurality of grid figure that is arranged in proper order that a plurality of third lines C that are parallel to each other intersect constitution with first lines A on the vertical direction forms the perpendicular by big little, and second lines B in the horizontal plane links to each other with third lines C lower extreme in the perpendicular, connects the horizontal plane with the perpendicular, constitutes a cubical space. Specifically speaking, the upper right side region of the heterogeneous visual chart is the 1 st visual target, among 5 visual targets, the 1 st, 2 visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st, in the 3 rd grid graph of the right lower side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located, the 4 th, 5 th visual target is in the 1 st, between the grid graph of the lower side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located and the grid graph on the left side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the margin distance between each visual target and the side line of the grid graph where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, in the same grid graph, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the visual target directions are 4, the 2 visual target directions in the same grid graph are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets are also different. In the left lower side area of the heterogeneous visual chart, 2 kinds of visual targets are arranged, among 5 visual targets, 1 st visual target and 2 nd visual target are in the same grid graph, 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper right side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are positioned, 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper left side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 th visual targets are positioned, 5 th visual target is between the 1 st grid graph at the upper right side of the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is positioned and the 1 st grid graph at the left side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is positioned, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph edge where the visual target is positioned is not less than half of the width of one 2 nd visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of one 2 nd visual target, the directions of the visual targets are 4, and the directions of 2 visual targets in the same grid graph are different, any two adjacent sighting mark directions are different.
Example 2: referring to fig. 2, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving visual depth influence to the optotypes having different sizes, and 2E-letter optotype patterns consisting of lines are included, a 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, a 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 1. In the 2E-character sighting target graphs, the size of one E-character sighting target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st sighting target, and the size of the other E-character sighting target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd sighting target. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is 1 st visual target, the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets in 5 visual targets are in the same grid pattern, the 3 rd visual target is in the 3 rd grid pattern at the lower right side of the grid pattern where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are, the 4 th, 5 sighting marks are at the 1 st, 2 sighting mark place grid figure downside grid figures and the 3 rd left grid figure between, the E word sighting mark figure that the size is little is at the 1 st, in the grid figure of 2 sighting mark place grid figure downside, the margin distance between every sighting mark and its place grid figure sideline is no less than the half of a 1 st kind of sighting mark width, in same grid figure, the margin distance between two adjacent sighting marks is no less than the half of a 1 st kind of sighting mark width, the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, 2 sighting mark directions in the same grid figure are different, arbitrary two adjacent sighting mark directions are also different. In the left lower area of the heterogeneous visual chart, 2 kinds of visual targets are arranged, among 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper right side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are positioned, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper left side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is positioned, the 5 th visual target is in the grid graph at the lower left side of the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is positioned, the E-shaped visual target graph with large size is arranged between the grid graph at the left side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is positioned and the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is positioned, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph where the visual target is positioned is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, in the same grid graph, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, and the visual target directions are 4 kinds, the directions of 2 visual targets in the same grid graph are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets are also different.
Example 3: referring to fig. 3, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving visual depth influence to the optotypes having different sizes, and 4E-character optotype patterns composed of lines are included, the 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, the 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, the 2 nd optotype is divided into 2 groups, the 1 st optotype includes 41 st optotype and 12 nd optotype, the 2 nd optotype includes 12 nd optotype and 41 st optotype, and the optotype in the 1 st group and the optotype in the 2 nd group are placed at different positions. Among the 4E word sighting target figures, including 2 small E word sighting target figures with the same size and 2 large E word sighting target figures with the same size, the size of the small E word sighting target figures is not more than 0.5 times of 1 st sighting target, and the size of the large E word sighting target figures is not less than 1.5 times of 2 nd sighting target. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 1. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is a 1 st group of sighting marks, 5 sighting marks are selected, the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 nd and 4 sighting marks are the 1 st sighting marks, the 5 th sighting mark is the 2 nd sighting mark, the 1 st and 2 nd sighting marks are in the same grid pattern, the 1 st E-character sighting mark pattern with small size is in the grid pattern at the lower side of the grid pattern where the 1 st and 2 th sighting marks are positioned, the 3 rd sighting mark is in the 1 st grid pattern at the left side of the grid pattern where the 1 st E-character sighting mark pattern with small size is positioned, the 2 nd E-character sighting mark pattern with small size is in the 2 nd grid pattern at the right lower side of the grid pattern where the 3 rd sighting mark is positioned, the 4 th and 5 th sighting marks are positioned between the grid pattern at the 1 st grid pattern at the upper right side and the 1 st grid pattern at the left side of the 2 nd E-character sighting mark pattern with small size, the blank distance between 1 st kind of sighting mark and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 1 st kind of sighting mark width, the blank distance between two adjacent 1 st kind of sighting marks is no less than half of a 1 st kind of sighting mark width, the blank distance between 2 nd kind of sighting mark and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the blank distance between adjacent 1 st kind of sighting mark and the 2 nd kind of sighting mark is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, 2 sighting mark directions in the same grid figure are different, arbitrary adjacent 2 sighting mark directions are also different. The area at the lower left side of the heterogeneous visual chart is a 2 nd group of visual targets, in 5 visual targets, 1 st, 2, 3, 4 visual targets are 2 nd visual targets, the 5 th visual target is a 1 st visual target, 1 st, 2 nd visual target is in the same grid graph, the 5 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper right side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper left side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the right side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the 1 st E-word visual target graph with large size is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the 2 nd E-word visual target graph with large size is between the 4 th visual target grid graph and the left grid graph where the 5 th visual target is located, the distance between each visual target and the grid graph where the 5 th visual target is not less than the 2 nd visual target Half, in same grid figure, the margin distance between two adjacent sighting marks is no less than the half of a 2 nd sighting mark width, and the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, and 2 sighting mark directions in same grid figure are different, and arbitrary two adjacent sighting mark directions are also different.
Example 4: referring to fig. 4, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of visual targets having different sizes, perspective views giving visual depth influences to the visual targets having different sizes, and a cone formed by lines are included, the cone being colored, the 1 st visual target including 5 visual targets having small sizes, the 2 nd visual target including 5 visual targets having large sizes, and the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target being disposed at different positions. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 1. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual chart is 1 visual target, 5 visual targets, the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper left side of the grid graph at the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper side of the grid graph at the 3 rd visual target, the 5 th visual target is between the grid graph at the 1 st and 2 nd visual target, the grid graph at the 3 rd visual target and the grid graph at the left side of the grid graph at the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph line at the 3 rd visual target is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target in the same grid graph, the directions of the visual targets are 4, and the directions of the 2 visual targets in the same grid graph are different, any two adjacent sighting mark directions are different. The left lower area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the 2 nd visual target, the 1 st and the 2 nd visual targets in the 5 th visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd and the 4 th visual targets are in the 1 st, in the 1 st grid figure of the upper left side of grid figure of 2 sighting marks place grid figure, the 5 th sighting mark is in the 3 rd, the 1 st grid figure on the 4 th sighting mark place grid figure right side and in the 1 st, between the 1 st grid figure on the 2 nd sighting mark place grid figure upper right side left side of grid figure, the margin distance between every sighting mark and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, in the same grid figure, the margin distance between two adjacent sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, 2 sighting mark directions in the same grid figure are different, arbitrary two adjacent sighting mark directions are also different. The conical body is arranged between the 2 kinds of visual marks, the tip of the conical body is arranged near the 1 st kind of visual mark, and the bottom surface of the conical body is arranged near the 2 nd kind of visual mark.
Example 5: referring to fig. 5, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, perspective views giving visual depth influence to the optotypes having different sizes, 2E-shaped optotype figures consisting of lines, and a cone consisting of lines are included, the cone being colored, the 1 st optotype including 5 optotypes having small sizes, the 2 nd optotype including 5 optotypes having large sizes, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype being placed at different positions. In the two E-shaped visual target graphs, the size of one E-shaped visual target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st visual target, and the size of the other E-shaped visual target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd visual target. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 1. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual chart is 1 visual target, 5 visual targets, the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd and 4 th visual targets are in the 1 st grid graph at the upper left side of the grid graph at the 1 st and 2 nd visual target positions, the 5 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper side of the grid graph at the 3 rd and 4 th visual targets, the E-shaped visual target graph with small size is between the grid graph at the 3 rd and 4 th visual targets and the grid graph at the left side of the grid graph at the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph edge where the visual target is positioned is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target in the same grid graph, the directions of the visual targets are 4, and the directions of the 2 visual targets in the same grid graph are different, any two adjacent sighting mark directions are different. The left lower side area of the heterogeneous visual chart is provided with 2 kinds of visual targets, 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd visual target and the 4 th visual target are in the 1 st grid graph at the left upper side of the grid graph at the 1 st and the 2 nd visual target, the 5 th visual target is in the 4 th grid graph at the right side of the grid graph at the 1 st and the 2 nd visual target, the E character visual target graph with large size is between the 1 st grid graph at the right upper side of the grid graph at the 3 rd and the 4 th visual target and the 1 st grid graph at the left upper side of the grid graph at the 1 st and the 2 nd visual target, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph edge where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target in the same grid graph, the visual target directions are 4 kinds, and the 2 visual target directions in the same grid graph are different, any two adjacent sighting mark directions are different. The conical body is arranged between the 2 kinds of visual marks, the tip of the conical body is arranged near the 1 st kind of visual mark, and the bottom surface of the conical body is arranged near the 2 nd kind of visual mark.
Example 6: referring to fig. 6, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes with different sizes, a perspective view showing the effect of visual depth on the optotypes with different sizes, 2E-shaped optotype patterns consisting of lines, and a cone consisting of lines are included, the cone is colored, the 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes with small sizes, the 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes with large sizes, the 2 nd optotype is divided into 2 groups, the 1 st optotype group includes 51 st optotype and 12 nd optotype, the 2 nd optotype group includes 42 nd optotype, and the optotype in the 1 st group and the optotype in the 2 nd group are placed at different positions. In the two E-shaped visual target graphs, the size of one E-shaped visual target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st visual target, and the size of the other E-shaped visual target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd visual target. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 1. Specifically, the upper right side area of the heterogeneous visual chart is a 1 st group of visual targets, 6 visual targets, the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th visual targets are 1 st visual targets, the 6 th visual target is a 2 nd visual target, the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 th visual targets are located, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph on the lower right side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 th visual targets are located, the 5 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is located, the 6 th visual target is in the blank area on the upper right side of all the smallest grid graphs, the E-character graph with small size is located between the grid graphs where the 1 st and 2 th visual targets are located and the grid graph on the left side of the 4 th visual target, and the blank distance between the 1 st visual target and the grid graph on the left side of the 1 st visual target is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the blank distance between two adjacent 1 st kind of sighting marks is no less than half of a 1 st kind of sighting mark width, and the blank distance between 2 nd kind of sighting mark and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, and the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, and 2 sighting mark directions in the same grid figure are different, and arbitrary two adjacent sighting mark directions are also different. In the lower right area of the heterogeneous visual chart, 2 groups of visual targets are arranged, 4 visual targets are arranged, the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper left side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are arranged, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph at the upper right side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is arranged, the E-shaped visual target graph with large size is arranged between the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is arranged and the 1 st grid graph at the upper left side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are arranged, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph where the visual target is arranged is half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, in the same grid graph, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, the visual target directions are 4, and the 2 visual target directions in the same grid graph are different, any two adjacent sighting mark directions are different. The conical body is arranged between the 2 groups of visual marks, the tip of the conical body is arranged near the 1 st group of visual marks, and the bottom surface of the conical body is arranged near the 2 nd group of visual marks.
Example 7: referring to fig. 7, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart comprising 2 optotypes having different sizes and perspective views having visual depth effects on the optotypes having different sizes, wherein the 1 st optotype comprises 5 optotypes having a small size, the 2 nd optotype comprises 5 optotypes having a large size, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. The perspective view includes first lines A, second lines B and third lines C, and a plurality of first lines A are concentrated to a point along the direction of depth, and a plurality of second lines B that are parallel to each other intersect the grid figure that constitutes with first lines A on the horizontal direction and form two horizontal planes from top to bottom, and a plurality of grid figure that is arranged in proper order that a plurality of third lines C that are parallel to each other intersect with first lines A on the vertical direction and constitute forms the perpendicular, and second lines B in two upper and lower horizontal planes intersects in a point with third lines C in the perpendicular respectively, is connected horizontal plane and perpendicular, constitutes a cubical space. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual chart is 1 visual target, among 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of a certain grid graph, the 2 nd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph, the 5 th visual target is between 4 adjacent grid graphs, one grid graph in the 4 adjacent grid graphs is respectively adjacent to the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located and the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is located, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph edge where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the directions of the visual targets are 4, and the directions of other two adjacent visual targets are different except that the direction of the 3 rd visual target is the same as the direction of the 4 th visual target. The left lower side area of the heterogeneous visual chart is 2 visual targets, in 5 visual targets, 1, 2, 3 visual targets are in the same grid graph, 4 visual targets are in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the visual targets are located, 5 visual targets are in the 1 st grid graph on the right lower side of the grid graph where the visual targets are located, the blank distance between each visual target and the edge line of the grid graph where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, in the same grid graph, the blank distance between every two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, the directions of the visual targets are 4, the directions of the 3 visual targets in the same grid graph are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets are also different.
Example 8: referring to fig. 8, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving visual depth influence to the optotypes having different sizes, and 2E-character optotype patterns composed of lines are included, the 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, the 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, the 2 nd optotype is divided into 2 groups, the 1 st optotype includes 41 st optotypes and 12 nd optotypes, the 2 nd optotype includes 42 nd optotypes and 1 st optotype, and the optotype in the 1 st group and the optotype in the 2 nd group are placed at different positions. In the two E-shaped visual target graphs, the size of one E-shaped visual target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st visual target, and the size of the other E-shaped visual target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd visual target. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 7. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual chart is a 1 st group of visual targets, among 5 visual targets, the 1 st, 2, 3, 4 visual targets are the 1 st visual targets, the 5 th visual target is the 2 nd visual target, the E character visual target graph with small size is in a certain grid graph, the 1 st visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph, the 2 nd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph, the 5 th visual target is between 4 adjacent grid graphs, one grid graph among the 4 adjacent grid graphs is respectively adjacent to the grid graph with the E character visual target graph with small size, the grid graph with the 2 nd visual target and the 4 th grid graph, the margin distance between the 1 st visual target and the grid graph edge where the 1 st visual target is not less than half of the width of the first visual target width The margin distance between the 2 nd visual target and the edge line of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, 4 visual target directions are provided, and except that the 3 rd visual target direction is the same as the 4 th visual target direction, other two adjacent visual target directions are different. In the left lower side area of the heterogeneous visual chart, 2 group of visual targets are arranged, 5 visual targets, 1 st, 2 nd, 3 nd and 4 th visual targets are 2 nd visual targets, 5 th visual target is 1 st visual target, 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are in the same grid graph, 3 rd visual target is in 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are located, 4 th visual target is in 1 st grid graph on the right lower side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are located, 5 th visual target is in 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is located, E character visual target graph with large size is in the grid graphs where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are located, the margin distance between the 1 st visual target and the grid graph edge where the 1 st visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, and the 2 nd visual target is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent 2 nd kinds of sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, and the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, and 2 sighting mark directions in the same grid figure are different, and two arbitrary adjacent sighting mark directions are also different.
Example 9: referring to fig. 9, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving visual depth influence to the optotypes having different sizes, and 3E-character optotype patterns composed of lines are included, the 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, the 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, the 2 nd optotype is divided into 2 groups, the 1 st optotype includes 41 st optotypes and 12 nd optotypes, the 2 nd optotype includes 42 nd optotypes and 1 st optotype, and the optotype in the 1 st group and the optotype in the 2 nd group are placed at different positions. Among 3E word sighting target figures, including 1 big E word sighting target figure and 2 little E word sighting target figures that the size is the same, the size of little E word sighting target figure is not more than 0.5 times of 1 st kind of sighting target, and the size of big E word sighting target figure is not less than 1.5 times of 2 nd kind of sighting target. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 7. Specifically, the upper right area of the heterogeneous visual chart is a 1 st group of visual targets, 5 visual targets, the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 nd and 4 visual targets are 1 st visual targets, the 5 th visual target is a 2 nd visual target, the 1 st E-character visual target graph with small size is in a certain grid graph, the 1 st visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph, the 2 nd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph, the 5 th visual target is between 4 adjacent grid graphs, one grid graph in the 4 adjacent grid graphs is respectively adjacent to the grid graph where the 1 st E-character visual target graph with small size is located, the 2 nd visual target grid graph and the 4 th visual target graph are located, the 2 nd E word sighting target figure that the size is little is in the 1 st grid figure of 2 nd sighting target place grid figure left side downside, the margin distance between 1 st kind of sighting target and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 1 st kind of sighting target width, the margin distance between 2 nd kind of sighting target and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting target width, the sighting target direction has 4 kinds, except that 3 rd sighting target direction is the same with 4 th sighting target direction, other arbitrary two adjacent sighting target directions are different. In the left lower side area of the heterogeneous visual chart, 2 group of visual targets are arranged, 5 visual targets, 1, 2, 3 and 4 visual targets are 2 type visual targets, 5 visual targets are 1 type visual targets, 1 and 2 visual targets are in the same grid graph, 3 type visual targets are in 1 grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 and 2 visual targets are located, 4 type visual targets are in 1 grid graph on the right lower side of the grid graph where the 1 and 2 visual targets are located, 5 type visual targets are in 1 grid graph on the right upper side of the grid graph where the 1 and 2 visual targets are located, E-character visual target graphs with large size are in the grid graphs where the 1 and 2 visual targets are located, the margin distance between the 1 type visual targets and the grid graph edges where the 1 type visual targets are located is not less than half of the width of the 1 type visual targets, the margin distance between the 2 type visual targets and the grid graph edges where the 2 type visual targets are located is not less than half of the width of the 2 type visual targets, the margin distance between two adjacent 2 nd kinds of sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, and the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, and 2 sighting mark directions in the same grid figure are different, and two arbitrary adjacent sighting mark directions are also different.
Example 10: referring to fig. 10, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart comprising 2 optotypes having different sizes and perspective views having visual depth effects on the optotypes having different sizes, wherein the 1 st optotype comprises 5 optotypes having a small size, the 2 nd optotype comprises 5 optotypes having a large size, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. The perspective view includes first lines A, second lines B and third lines C, and a plurality of first lines A are concentrated to a point along the depth direction, and a plurality of grid figures that arrange in proper order by big-to-little that a plurality of third lines C that are parallel to each other intersect with first lines A in the vertical direction and form the vertical, and the grid figure that second lines B and third lines C intersect and form preceding, back two-plane, and second lines B in the preceding and back two-plane intersects with first lines A in the vertical in a point respectively, is connected preceding, back two-plane and vertical, supplements the grid figure in the upper and lower both sides of vertical, preceding plane, back plane, finally forms two continuous spaces. Specifically, the area on the right side of the heterogeneous visual chart is 1 visual target, among 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target is in a certain grid graph, the 2 nd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located, the 4 th visual target is in the 2 nd grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the 5 th visual target is in the 2 nd grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is located, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph edge where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the visual target directions are 4, and any two adjacent visual targets are different in direction. The left side region of the heterogeneous visual chart is 2 kinds of visual targets, 5 visual targets are distributed in two adjacent grid graphs, 1 st, 2, 3, 4 visual targets are in the same grid graph, 5 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where 4 visual targets are located, the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where 5 th visual target is located is a colorful grid graph, the blank distance between each visual target and the edge line of the grid graph where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, in the same grid graph, the blank distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, the visual target directions are 4, 4 visual target directions in the same grid graph are different, and any two adjacent visual target directions are different.
Example 11: referring to fig. 11, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, perspective views giving visual depth effects to the optotypes having different sizes, and 2E-letter optotype patterns consisting of lines are included, a 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, a 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. In the 2E-character sighting target graphs, the size of one E-character sighting target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st sighting target, and the size of the other E-character sighting target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd sighting target. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 10. Specifically, the area on the right side of the heterogeneous visual chart is 1 visual target, among 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target is in a certain grid graph, the 2 nd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located, the 4 th visual target is in the 2 nd grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the 5 th visual target is in the 2 nd grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is located, the E-shaped visual target graph with small size is in the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph line where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the visual target directions are 4, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets are different. The left area of the heterogeneous visual chart is provided with 2 kinds of visual targets, 5 visual targets are distributed in two adjacent grid graphs, the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 nd and 4 visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 5 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 th and 4 th visual targets are located, the E-shaped visual target graph with large size is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 th and 4 th visual targets are located, the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 5 th visual target is located is a colored grid graph, the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the E-shaped visual target graph with large size is a colored grid graph, the margin distance between each visual target and the grid graph where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, and the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target in the same grid graph, there are 4 visual target directions, and 4 visual target directions in the same grid pattern are all different, and any two adjacent visual target directions are also different.
Example 12: referring to fig. 12, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving visual depth influence to the optotypes having different sizes, and 4E-character optotype patterns composed of lines are included, the 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, the 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, the 2 nd optotype is divided into 2 groups, the 1 st optotype includes 41 st optotypes and 12 nd optotypes, the 2 nd optotype includes 42 nd optotypes and 1 st optotype, and the optotype in the 1 st group and the optotype in the 2 nd group are placed at different positions. Among the 4E word sighting target figures, including 2 small E word sighting target figures with the same size and 2 large E word sighting target figures with the same size, the size of the small E word sighting target figures is not more than 0.5 times of 1 st sighting target, and the size of the large E word sighting target figures is not less than 1.5 times of 2 nd sighting target. The perspective structure is the same as that of embodiment 10. Specifically, the right side area of the heterogeneous visual chart is 1 group of visual targets, 5 visual targets, the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 nd and 4 th visual targets are 1 st visual target, the 5 th visual target is 2 nd visual target, the 1 st visual target is in a certain grid graph, the 2 nd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located, the 4 th visual target is in the 2 nd grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the 5 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located, the E-character visual target graph with small size is in the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the margin distance between the 1 st visual target and the edge of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between the 2 nd type sighting mark and the edge line of the grid graph where the sighting mark is located is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd type sighting mark, the sighting mark directions are 4, and any two adjacent sighting mark directions are different. In the left area of the heterogeneous visual chart, 2 nd group of visual targets are arranged, 5 visual targets, 1 st, 2 nd, 3 nd and 4 st visual targets are 2 nd visual targets, 5 th visual target is 1 st visual target, 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are in the same grid graph, 3 rd and 4 th visual targets are in 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 nd visual targets are located, 5 th visual target is in 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the 2 nd grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 3 rd and 4 th visual targets are located, 1 st and 2 nd E-word visual target graphs with large size are in the grid graphs where the 3 rd and 4 th visual targets are located, 2 nd E-word visual target graph with small size is in the grid graph where the 5 th visual target is located, the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 3 rd and 4 th visual targets are located and the 1 st grid graph on the right side are color grid graphs, the margin distance between the 1 st visual target and the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between 2 nd kind of sighting mark and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, and the margin distance between two adjacent 2 nd kind of sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, and the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, and 2 sighting mark directions in the same grid figure are different, and arbitrary two adjacent sighting mark directions are also different.
Example 13: referring to fig. 13, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart comprising 2 optotypes having different sizes and perspective views having visual depth effects on the optotypes having different sizes, wherein the 1 st optotype comprises 5 optotypes having a small size, the 2 nd optotype comprises 5 optotypes having a large size, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. The perspective view includes first lines A and third lines C, and a plurality of first lines A are concentrated to a bit along the direction of depth, and a plurality of grid figure that arranges in proper order by big to little that a plurality of third lines C that are parallel to each other intersect with first lines A in the vertical direction and constitute forms the perpendicular, and the angle that the perpendicular slope is suitable specifically is to inwards (relative paper) slope around the perpendicular downside, then both sides are inside and outside supplementary grid figure respectively about the perpendicular, finally form two continuous spaces. Specifically speaking, the area of leaving white on the right side of heterogeneous visual acuity chart is 1 st type of visual target, 5 visual targets are arranged from top to bottom in proper order, be 1 st in proper order, 2, 3, 4, 5 visual targets, and the perpendicular center line diverse of 5 visual targets, the left white distance between every visual target and its adjacent grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 1 st type of visual target width, the left white distance between two adjacent visual targets is no less than half of a 1 st type of visual target width, the visual target direction has 4 types, except that 1 st visual target and 5 th visual target direction are the same, other two adjacent visual target directions are different. The left side margin region at heterogeneous visual chart is 2 kind of sighting mark, 5 sighting marks from top to bottom arrange in proper order, be 1 in proper order, 2, 3, 4, 5 sighting marks, and 5 sighting marks' perpendicular center line diverse, the grid figure adjacent with the sighting mark is colored grid figure, the margin distance between every sighting mark and its adjacent grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the margin distance between two adjacent sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, except that 2 nd sighting mark and 4 th sighting mark direction are the same, other two arbitrary adjacent sighting mark directions are different.
Example 14: referring to fig. 14, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, perspective views giving visual depth effects to the optotypes having different sizes, and 2E-letter optotype patterns consisting of lines are included, a 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, a 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. In the two E-shaped visual target graphs, the size of one E-shaped visual target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st visual target, and the size of the other E-shaped visual target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd visual target. The perspective view structure is the same as that of embodiment 13. Specifically speaking, the left margin area on the right side of the heterogeneous visual chart is the 1 st visual target, 5 visual targets are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the 1 st visual target is sequentially arranged, 2, 3, 4 and 5 visual targets, the vertical center lines of the 5 visual targets are different, the E-shaped visual target graph with small size is positioned between the 2 nd visual target and the 3 rd visual target, the margin distance between each visual target and the adjacent grid graph side line of the visual target is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between the two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between the 2 nd visual target and the 3 rd visual target and the adjacent E-shaped visual target graph side line of the visual target is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the visual target directions are 4, except that the 1 st visual target and the 5 th visual target directions are the same, and the directions of other two adjacent visual targets are different. The left margin area of the heterogeneous visual chart is the 2 nd visual target, 5 visual targets are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, namely the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th visual targets, the vertical center lines of the 5 sighting marks are different, the E-shaped sighting mark graph with large size is positioned between the 1 st sighting mark and the 2 nd sighting mark, the grid figure adjacent with the sighting mark is colored grid figure, the margin distance between every sighting mark and its adjacent grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the margin distance between two adjacent sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the margin distance between every sighting mark and its adjacent E word sighting mark figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, except that 1 st sighting mark is the same with 3 rd sighting mark direction, other two arbitrary adjacent sighting mark directions are different.
Example 15: referring to fig. 15, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving visual depth influence to the optotypes having different sizes, and 2E-character optotype patterns composed of lines are included, the 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, the 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, the 2 nd optotype is divided into 2 groups, the 1 st optotype includes 31 st optotypes and 12 nd optotypes, the 2 nd optotype includes 42 nd optotypes and 21 st optotypes, and the optotype in the 1 st group and the optotype in the 2 nd group are placed at different positions. In the two E-shaped visual target graphs, the size of one E-shaped visual target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st visual target, and the size of the other E-shaped visual target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd visual target. The perspective view structure is the same as that of embodiment 13. Specifically, the left margin area on the right side of the heterogeneous visual chart is a 1 st group of visual targets, 4 visual targets are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are sequentially 1 st, 2 nd, 3 nd and 4 th visual targets, the vertical center lines of the 4 visual targets are different, the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 th visual targets are 1 st visual targets, the 4 th visual target is a 2 nd visual target, an E-character visual target graph with a small size is positioned between the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target, the margin distance between the 1 st visual target and the edge line of the adjacent grid graph is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target and the edge line of the adjacent E-character visual target graph is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, there are 4 kinds of visual target directions, and any two adjacent visual target directions are different. The left side area of the heterogeneous visual chart is provided with a 2 nd group of visual targets, 6 visual targets, the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 nd and 4 th visual targets are 2 nd visual targets, the 5 th and 6 th visual targets are 1 st visual target, the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 th and 4 th visual targets are arranged in a blank area on the left side of the heterogeneous visual chart from top to bottom in sequence, the vertical center lines of the 4 visual targets are different, the 5 th visual target is arranged in the 2 nd grid pattern on the upper side of the 1 st grid pattern on the right side of the 1 st visual target, the 6 th visual target is arranged in the 2 nd grid pattern on the right side of the 4 th visual target, the 1 st to 5 th grid patterns on the lower side of the 5 th visual target are color grid patterns, the blank distance between the 1 st visual target and the grid pattern edge where the first visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, and the blank distance between the 2 nd visual target and the adjacent grid pattern edge of the second visual target are not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent 2 nd kinds of sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, and the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, and except that 1 st sighting mark and 3 rd sighting mark direction the same, other arbitrary two adjacent sighting mark directions are different.
Example 16: referring to fig. 16, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart comprising 2 optotypes of different sizes and perspective views having visual depth effects on the optotypes of different sizes, wherein the 1 st optotype comprises 5 optotypes of small sizes, the 2 nd optotype comprises 5 optotypes of large sizes, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. The perspective view is first line A, second line B and third line C, a plurality of first lines A concentrate to a point along the direction of depth, a plurality of second line B that are parallel to each other intersect the grid figure that constitutes with first line A on the horizontal direction and form the horizontal plane, a plurality of grid figures that are arranged in proper order that a plurality of third line C that are parallel to each other intersect the first line A on the vertical direction and form the vertical plane from big to little, second line B in the horizontal plane intersects with third line C in the vertical plane and a point, be connected horizontal plane and vertical plane, the suitable angle of vertical plane slope specifically is to the inside (relative paper) slope around vertical plane and horizontal plane intersect, then supplement the grid figure on the vertical plane upside, form a cubical space. Specifically, the area on the right side of the heterogeneous visual chart is the 1 st visual target, among 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target, the 2 nd visual target are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 2 nd visual target is located, the 4 th visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the right side of the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is located is a margin area, the 5 th visual target is in a margin area on the upper side of the grid graph where the 4 th visual target is located, the margin distance between each visual target and the edge of the grid graph where the visual target is located or adjacent to the visual target is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the visual target directions are 4, the 2 visual target directions in the same grid graph are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets are different. The left area of the heterogeneous visual chart is provided with 2 kinds of visual targets, 5 visual targets, the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 4 th and 5 th visual targets are in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the 2 nd grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 th visual targets are located, the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 th visual targets are located, and the 1 st and 2 nd grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 4 th and 5 th visual targets are located are all color graphs, the margin distance between each visual target and the edge line of the grid graph where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of one 2 nd visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of one 2 nd visual target in the same grid graph, and the visual target directions are 4 kinds, all visual target directions in the same grid graph are different, and any two adjacent visual target directions are also different.
Example 17: referring to fig. 17, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, perspective views giving visual depth effects to the optotypes having different sizes, and 2E-letter optotype patterns consisting of lines are included, a 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, a 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. In the two E-shaped visual target graphs, the size of one E-shaped visual target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st visual target, and the size of the other E-shaped visual target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd visual target. The perspective view is the same as in example 16. Specifically, the right side area of the heterogeneous visual chart is 1 visual target, among 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target is in a certain grid graph, the 2 nd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the right side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located is a blank area, the 4 th visual target is in the blank area on the right side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the 5 th visual target is in the blank area on the upper side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the E-shaped visual target graph with small size is in the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the blank distance between each visual target and the edge line or the adjacent grid graph is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the directions of the visual targets are 4, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets are different. The left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is the 2 nd visual target, among the 5 visual targets, the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd visual targets are in the same grid graph, the 4 th and 5 th visual targets are in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the 2 nd grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 th visual targets are located, the E-shaped visual target graph with large size is between the grid graph where the 4 th and 5 th visual targets are located and the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 4 th and 5 th visual targets are located, the 1 st to 3 th grid graphs on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd visual targets are located, the 1 st and 2 nd grid graphs on the lower side of the grid graphs where the 4 th and 5 th visual targets are located are all color graphs, the margin distance between each visual target and the edge line of the grid graph where the visual target is located is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, in same grid figure, the margin distance between two adjacent sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd sighting mark width, and the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, and each sighting mark direction in same grid figure is all different, and arbitrary two adjacent sighting mark directions are also different.
Example 18: referring to fig. 18, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart, in which 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving visual depth influence to the optotypes having different sizes, and 2E-character optotype patterns composed of lines are included, the 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having small sizes, the 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having large sizes, the 2 nd optotype is divided into 2 groups, the 1 st optotype includes 31 st optotypes and 12 nd optotypes, the 2 nd optotype includes 42 nd optotypes and 21 st optotypes, and the optotype in the 1 st group and the optotype in the 2 nd group are placed at different positions. In the 2E-character sighting target graphs, the size of one E-character sighting target graph is not more than 0.5 times of the 1 st sighting target, and the size of the other E-character sighting target graph is not less than 1.5 times of the 2 nd sighting target. The perspective view is the same as in example 16. Specifically, the right side area of the heterogeneous visual chart is a 1 st group of visual targets, 4 visual targets, the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 st visual targets are 1 st visual targets, the 4 th visual target is a 2 nd visual target, the 1 st visual target is in a certain grid graph, the 2 nd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the 3 rd visual target is in the 1 st grid graph on the right side of the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the right side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located is a margin area, the 4 th visual target is in a margin area on the right side of the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 3 rd visual target is located, the E-character visual target graph with small size is in the grid graph where the 1 st visual target is located, the margin distance between the 1 st visual target and the edge of the adjacent grid graph is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between the 2 nd visual target and the edge of the adjacent grid graph is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd visual target, there are 4 kinds of visual target directions, and any two adjacent visual target directions are different. In the left area of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, 2 group of sighting marks are arranged, 6 sighting marks comprise 1, 2, 3 and 4 sighting marks which are 2 type sighting marks, 5 and 6 sighting marks which are 1 type sighting marks, the 1 st and 2 sighting marks are in the same grid graph, the 3 rd sighting mark is in the 2 nd grid graph on the lower side of the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 sighting marks are arranged, the 4 th sighting mark is in the 1 st grid graph on the left side of the grid graph where the 3 rd sighting mark is arranged, the 5 th sighting mark is in the 1 st grid graph on the upper side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 sighting marks are arranged, the 6 th sighting mark is in the 2 nd grid graph on the right side of the 1 st grid graph on the lower side of the grid graph where the 1 st and 2 sighting marks are arranged, and the E character sighting mark graph with large size is arranged between the 1 st and 2 th grid graphs on the right sides of the 1 st and 2 th grid graphs where the 1 st and 2 sighting marks are arranged, the 1 st to 3 rd grid figure of the 3 rd visual target place grid figure upside, the 1 st grid figure and the 1 st of the 3 rd visual target place grid figure downside, the 1 st of the 2 nd visual target place grid figure downside, 2 individual grid figure is the color graph, the margin distance between 1 st kind of visual target and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 1 st kind of visual target width, the margin distance between 2 nd kind of visual target and its place grid figure sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of visual target width, the margin distance between two adjacent 2 nd kinds of visual targets is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of visual target width, the visual target direction has 4 kinds, 2 visual target directions in the same grid figure are different, arbitrary two adjacent visual target directions are also different.
Example 19, referring to fig. 19, a heterogeneous eye chart comprising 2 different sized optotypes and perspective views having visual depth effects on the different sized optotypes, wherein the 1 st optotype comprises 5 small-sized optotypes, the 2 nd optotype comprises 5 large-sized optotypes, and the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions. The perspective view comprises a first rectangle, a second rectangle and a third rectangle, the three rectangles are sequentially arranged from front to back, and corresponding angle connecting lines (dotted lines in the figure) of the three rectangles are concentrated to one point along the depth direction to form a three-dimensional space. Specifically, grid lines are arranged on the second rectangle, colors are filled in partial grid lines, the 1 st visual target is placed on the third rectangle, from top to bottom, 5 visual targets are arranged, the 1 st visual target is placed at the upper left corner of the first rectangle, the lower right corner of the 1 st visual target is the 2 nd visual target, the lower right corner of the 2 nd visual target is the 3 rd visual target, the lower left corner of the 3 rd visual target is the 4 th visual target, the 5 th visual target is positioned at the lower right corner of the 4 th visual target and the lower left corner of the 3 rd visual target, the margin distance between each visual target and the first rectangle edge is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, 4 visual target directions are provided, and any two adjacent visual target directions are different; the 2 nd visual target is placed on first rectangle, from the top down, in the 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target is put in first rectangular upper right corner, the 1 st visual target below is 2 nd visual target to the left side, the 2 nd visual target below is 3 rd visual target to the right side, the 2 nd visual target left side is 4 th visual target to the lower side, the 5 th visual target is located the lower left corner of the 3 rd visual target, the margin distance between every visual target and the third rectangle sideline is no less than half of a 2 nd visual target width, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is no less than half of a 2 nd visual target width, the visual target direction has 4 kinds, two arbitrary adjacent visual target directions are inequality.
Example 20, referring to fig. 20, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart comprising 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving an effect of visual depth to the optotypes having different sizes, and 4E-type optotype patterns composed of lines, wherein the 1 st optotype comprises 5 optotypes having a small size, the 2 nd optotype comprises 5 optotypes having a large size, the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions, and the 4E-type optotype patterns comprise 2 small E-type optotype patterns having the same size and 2 large E-type optotype patterns having the same size, the size of the small E-type optotype pattern is not more than 0.5 times that of the 1 st optotype, and the size of the large E-type optotype pattern is not less than 1.5 times that of the 2 nd optotype. The perspective view is the same as in example 19. Specifically, grid lines are arranged on the second rectangle, and color is filled in partial grid lines, the 1 st visual target is placed on the third rectangle, from top to bottom, 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target is placed at the upper left corner of the first rectangle, the lower right corner of the 1 st visual target is the 2 nd visual target, the lower right corner of the 2 nd visual target is the 3 rd visual target, the lower left corner of the 3 rd visual target is the 4 th visual target, the 5 th visual target is positioned at the lower right corner of the 4 th visual target and the lower left corner of the 3 rd visual target, the 1 st E-character visual target graph with small size is positioned at the right side of the 1 st visual target and the upper right corner of the 2 nd visual target, the 2 nd E-character visual target graph with small size is placed in a blank grid of the second rectangle, the margin distance between each visual target and the graph (including the third and E-character visual target graphs) is not less than half of the width of the 1 st visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of one 1 st visual target, the visual target directions are 4, and any two adjacent visual targets are different in direction; the 2 nd type visual target is placed on the first rectangle, from top to bottom, 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target is placed on the middle upper part of the first rectangle, the 2 nd visual target is positioned below the 1 st visual target to the left, the 3 rd visual target is positioned below the 2 nd visual target to the right, the 4 th visual target is positioned below the 2 nd visual target to the left, the 5 th visual target is positioned at the lower left corner of the 3 rd visual target and the lower left corner of the 4 th visual target, the 1 st E character visual target graph with large size is positioned at the lower right corner of the 1 st visual target and the upper right corner of the 3 rd visual target, the 2 nd E character visual target graph with large size is positioned at the lower left corner of the 4 th visual target, the blank distance between each visual target and graph (including the third rectangle and the E character visual target graph) is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd type visual target, the blank distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of the 2 nd type visual target, and the visual target direction is not less than 4 types, any two adjacent sighting mark directions are different. Grid lines are arranged on the second rectangle, and colors are filled in partial grid lines.
Example 21, referring to fig. 21, a heterogeneous visual acuity chart includes 2 kinds of optotypes having different sizes, a perspective view giving an effect of visual depth to the optotypes having different sizes, and 10E-type optotype patterns composed of lines, wherein the 1 st optotype includes 5 optotypes having a small size, the 2 nd optotype includes 5 optotypes having a large size, the 1 st optotype and the 2 nd optotype are placed at different positions, and the 10E-type optotype patterns include 5 small E-type optotype patterns having the same size and 5 large E-type optotype patterns having the same size, the size of the small E-type optotype pattern is not more than 0.5 times that of the 1 st optotype, and the size of the large E-type optotype pattern is not less than 1.5 times that of the 2 nd optotype. The perspective view is the same as in example 19. Specifically, grid lines are arranged on the second rectangle, and color is filled in partial grid lines, the 1 st visual target is placed on the third rectangle, from top to bottom, 5 visual targets, the 1 st visual target is placed at the upper left corner of the first rectangle, the lower right corner of the 1 st visual target is the 2 nd visual target, the lower right corner of the 2 nd visual target is the 3 rd visual target, the lower left corner of the 3 rd visual target is the 4 th visual target, the 5 th visual target is positioned at the lower right corner of the 4 th visual target and the lower left corner of the 3 rd visual target, the 1 st E-character visual target graph with small size is positioned at the right side of the 1 st visual target and the upper right corner of the 2 nd visual target, the 2 nd and 3 rd E-character visual target graphs with small size are placed in a blank grid of the second rectangle, the 4 th E-character visual target graph with small size is positioned at the lower left corner of the 4 th visual target, the 5 th E-character visual target graph with small size is positioned at the lower side of the third rectangle, the margin distance between each visual target and the side line of the graph (comprising a third rectangle and an E-shaped visual target graph) is not less than half of the width of one 1 st visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is not less than half of the width of one 1 st visual target, 4 visual target directions are provided, and any two adjacent visual target directions are different; the 2 nd kind of sighting mark is placed on first rectangle, from the top down, in the 5 sighting marks, the 1 st sighting mark is put on first rectangular well upper portion, the 1 st sighting mark below is 2 nd sighting mark, the 2 nd sighting mark below is 3 rd sighting mark, the 2 nd sighting mark left side is 4 th sighting mark, the 5 th sighting mark is located the lower right corner of 3 rd sighting mark and the lower right corner of 4 th sighting mark, the 1 st E word sighting mark figure that the size is big is located the lower right corner of 1 st sighting mark and the upper right corner of 2 nd sighting mark, the 2 nd E word sighting mark figure that the size is big is located the lower left corner of 4 th sighting mark, the 3 rd E word sighting mark figure that the size is big is located the right side of first rectangle, the 4 th E word sighting mark figure that the size is big is located the upper right corner of first rectangle, the 5 th E word sighting mark figure that the size is big is located the upper left side of first rectangle, every sighting mark and the figure (including being no less than the third sighting mark) are apart from the margin figure Half of 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, the margin distance between two adjacent sighting marks is no less than half of a 2 nd kind of sighting mark width, and the sighting mark direction has 4 kinds, and two arbitrary adjacent sighting mark directions are inequality. Grid lines are arranged on the second rectangle, and colors are filled in partial grid lines.
Embodiment 22, see fig. 22, a single visual acuity chart, in which 5 visual targets having the same size are arranged in a square shape, wherein 4 visual targets are located at four corners of the square shape, 1 visual target is located at a center of the square shape, a margin distance between any two adjacent visual targets is more than half of a width of the visual target, directions of any two adjacent visual targets in a vertical direction are different, and directions of any two adjacent visual targets in a horizontal direction are different.
Further, the number of the optotypes in the single visual acuity chart can also be 7, 9 or more.
Further, all the optotypes in the single vision chart can be arranged in a row, or arranged in a column, or arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, or arranged in a disordered way.
Example 23, referring to fig. 23, a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which is set according to the national standard of the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart of GB 11533, is to adjust the visual acuity of each row in the standard logarithmic hyperopia chart (appendix a) to 5 visual acuity. Specifically, the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart comprises 14 rows of visual targets which are arranged from top to bottom according to the size, the visual acuity of the 14 visual targets is respectively 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3 according to 5 minutes of record, the row spacing is 24mm, the blank space between any two adjacent visual targets in each row is only required to be more than half of the width of the visual targets, the width of the visual targets in fig. 5 is half, and the number of the visual targets is the same for unifying the identification standards of each visual target in the identification process of the visual acuity. The number of optotypes in each row may be 7, 9 or more, in addition to 5 optotypes in each row.
Embodiment 24, referring to fig. 24, a vision testing apparatus includes an eye chart, a first supporting device 1 and a distance measuring device 2, the eye chart is detachably mounted on a supporting plate 11 of the first supporting device, the distance measuring device 2 is used for measuring a distance between a tested person and the eye chart to be tested, the eye chart includes the heterogeneous eye chart of any one of embodiments 1 to 21 and the standard logarithmic eye chart of embodiment 23, and the eye chart to be tested is the eye chart. When measuring, the tested person is far away from or close to the first supporting device, and the testing distance between the tested person and the visual chart is changed.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the eye chart further comprises the single eye chart of embodiment 22
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vision testing apparatus further comprises a moving device, the moving device is used for realizing the relative movement between the visual chart to be tested and the tested person, specifically, the first supporting device comprises a bottom first bracket 12 and a supporting plate 11 mounted on the first bracket 12, and the moving device is a wheel 13 fixed at the bottom of the first bracket 12.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance measuring device is a ruler disposed on the ground, and the ruler is disposed between the first supporting device and the person to be tested. When the testing distance between the tested person and the visual chart is changed, the first supporting device is made to move along the scale, and after the first supporting device stops moving, the testing distance corresponding to the testing visual target is obtained.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance measuring device is a slide rail with a scale, the slide rail is disposed between the first supporting device and the person to be tested, and the wheel is in sliding fit with the slide rail. When the testing distance between the tested person and the visual chart is changed, the first supporting device is made to move along the sliding rail, and when the first supporting device stops moving, the testing distance corresponding to the testing visual target is obtained.
Any other device capable of performing the above distance measurement may be used as the distance measuring device of the present embodiment.
In this embodiment, in the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, the size of the small-sized optotype is 0.8 times the size of the large-sized optotype.
In the vision testing apparatus of this embodiment, the number of each optotype in each visual chart may be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more, and may be specifically set according to actual situations.
In addition, in order to satisfy the illumination requirement of the visual chart, at least one illuminating lamp is arranged at four corners of the supporting plate 11, and any two adjacent illuminating lamps are symmetrically arranged.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the above vision testing apparatus further includes an eye chart installation and adjustment device, the eye chart installation and adjustment device includes a first magnet and a second magnet that are mutually attracted, the first magnet is fixedly installed on the heterogeneous eye chart, the standard logarithmic vision chart and the single eye chart, and the second magnet is installed on the support plate 11 of the first support device. Through the magnetic force effect between first magnet and the second magnet, make heterogeneous visual acuity chart, standard logarithm visual acuity chart and list visual acuity chart automatic installation in the backup pad of first strutting arrangement.
Because the more reference objects, the higher the possibility that the tested person uses the reference objects to find the visual target rules is, the more easily the tested person can disguise the eyesight, in order to reduce the possibility that the tested person uses the reference objects to disguise, the first magnet is fixedly arranged on the back of various visual charts, and at least one first magnet is arranged at each of four corners, the first magnet can be in the shape of a ring, a bar, a square, a triangle and the like, can be in a regular shape, can be in an irregular shape, and is determined according to the size of the visual charts. Similarly, the number of the second magnets is the same as that of the first magnets, the shapes thereof are the same as or similar to those of the first magnets, and the mounting positions thereof correspond to the first magnets one to one. The second magnet is embedded in the supporting plate of the first supporting device, so that the upper surface of the second magnet and the surface of the supporting plate are on the same horizontal plane.
Further, in order to prevent the examinee from visually disguising the support plate for mounting the eye chart as a reference, the color of the support plate is the same as the ground color of the eye chart.
The inspection steps are as follows:
s1, performing vision inspection through the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, enabling the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be inspected to move from near to far or from far to near relative to the inspected person, changing the inspection distance between the inspected person and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be inspected until any 1 visual target is correctly identified by the inspected person by more than half and the other 1 visual target is not correctly identified by the inspected person by more than half, respectively recording the number of the two visual targets in the heterogeneous visual acuity chart which are correctly identified, and calculating and recording the inspected vision;
s2, performing vision test through the single visual chart, enabling the single visual chart to be tested to move from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the test distance between the tested person and the single visual chart to be tested to the farthest distance that the tested person can correctly recognize more than half of the visual targets, and calculating and recording the tested vision;
s3, performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the test distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision;
s4, for the same tested person, the times of testing by using the heterogeneous visual chart and the single visual chart are more than or equal to 1, and whether the vision of the tested person is real vision is judged according to the visual difference between the tested heterogeneous visual charts, between the single visual charts, between the heterogeneous visual chart and the single visual chart, between the heterogeneous visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart, and between the single visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard vision row, namely: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight detected by the standard logarithmic visual chart is the real eyesight;
if one of the above-mentioned poor eyesight reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight can not reach 2 standard eyesight, but the heterogeneous visual chart test has the contradiction that the small visual target can be correctly identified but the large visual target can not be correctly identified, or the visual acuity of each time has the contradiction that can not be reasonably explained, it may be subjective mismatch, and the visual acuity of the standard logarithmic visual chart test may be false vision.
In the actual examination process, the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart can be replaced by the hyperopia chart (appendix A) in the national standard of the GB 11533 standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart can be preferably used for unifying the identification standard of each visual target in the visual acuity identification process. Meanwhile, in order to avoid system errors caused by different visual target numbers in the inspection process, the visual target numbers in the single visual target and the standard logarithmic visual target adopted by the same inspected person are the same.
This embodiment eyesight test device, when carrying out eyesight test, adopt different eyesight test table alternate transform inspection, when adopting heterogeneous eyesight test table and single eyesight test table to inspect, the test distance between transform examined person and the eyesight test table that awaits measuring, thereby obtain the best eyesight (the minimum sighting mark of sighting mark at farthest test distance or certain test distance of a certain size promptly, can correctly recognize more than half the sighting mark is best eyesight), according to different eyesight test tables, whether the eyesight of each time's eyesight test judgement standard logarithm eyesight test is true eyesight, can effectively discover eyesight and overcome camouflage high eyesight. Because the visual chart is detachably arranged on the first supporting device, the installation direction of the visual chart can be manually changed, and the direction of the visual target is changed. All the rotation directions of the heterogeneous visual acuity charts related to the drawings in the specification do not influence the illusion effect.
Example 25: referring to fig. 25, a vision testing apparatus includes a visual chart, a first supporting device 1, a distance measuring device 2, a second supporting device 7 and a mirror 8, the first supporting device 1 is placed opposite to the second supporting device 7, the visual charts are detachably mounted on the first supporting device 1, the mirror is mounted on the second supporting device 7, the mirror and the visual chart are oppositely arranged, the visual chart includes the heterogeneous visual chart described in any one of embodiments 1-21 and the standard logarithmic visual chart described in embodiment 23, the distance measuring device is used for measuring the distance between a tested person and the visual chart to be tested, and the visual chart to be tested is an image of the visual chart in the mirror. When the vision test is carried out, the second support body device is positioned in front of the tested person, the first support device is positioned behind the tested person, and when the vision test is carried out, the tested person moves between the first support device and the second support device, so that the test distance between the tested person and the visual chart to be tested is changed.
In a preferred implementation manner of this embodiment, the eye chart further includes the single eye chart of embodiment 19.
With continued reference to fig. 24, the first supporting device comprises a bottom first bracket 12 and a supporting plate 11 mounted on the first bracket 12, and the bottom of the first bracket 12 is provided with wheels 13; the second supporting device is a second support, and the mirror is located on the top of the second support.
The vision testing device of the embodiment further comprises a moving device, and the moving device is used for realizing the movement of the tested person relative to the visual chart to be tested. Specifically, the moving means is a wheel 13 fixed at the bottom of the first bracket 12; or wheels fixed to the bottom of the second bracket.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the above-mentioned vision testing apparatus further includes an eye chart installation and adjustment apparatus, and the structure of the eye chart installation and adjustment apparatus is the same as that in embodiment 21, and is not described herein again.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance measuring device is a ruler disposed on the ground, and the ruler is disposed between the first supporting device and the second supporting device. When the wheel is fixed at the bottom of the first supporting device, the first supporting device is made to move along the scale, the distance between the inspected person and the visual chart to be inspected is changed, and after the first supporting device stops moving, the testing distance corresponding to the inspection visual target is obtained; when the wheel is fixed in second strutting arrangement bottom, make second strutting arrangement remove along the scale, change by the inspection people and the distance between the visual chart that awaits measuring, wait that second strutting arrangement stops to remove the back, acquire the test distance that this inspection sighting mark corresponds.
The visual chart that awaits measuring in this embodiment is the formation of image of visual chart in the mirror, and the perception of being examined people to the distance can be disturbed in the joining of mirror, increases the degree of accuracy that detects. When the first supporting device or the second supporting device and the detected person move simultaneously, the judgment of the detected person on the distance can be interfered, and the accuracy of actual measurement is further improved.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance measuring device is a sliding rail with a scale, the scale is disposed between the first supporting device and the second supporting device, and the wheel is in sliding fit with the sliding rail. And changing the distance between the tested person and the visual chart to be tested, and obtaining the testing distance corresponding to the testing visual target.
The checking procedure is the same as in example 24 and is not repeated herein.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 24, and will not be described herein.
Example 26: referring to fig. 26 and 27, a vision testing apparatus includes a first supporting apparatus, a control unit 3, a visual chart display screen 4 and a visual result display screen 5 connected to the control unit 3, and a displacement sensor 6 connected to the control unit 3, where the visual chart display screen 4 and the displacement sensor 6 are both installed on the first supporting apparatus, the control unit 3 is provided with a data storage module 31, a visual chart selection module 32, a heterogeneous visual chart generation module 42 for generating the heterogeneous visual chart, a standard visual chart generation module 34 for generating a standard logarithmic visual chart, and a visual calculation module 35 for calculating the visual acuity, and the visual chart calculation module 35, the visual chart selection module 32, the heterogeneous visual chart generation module 42, and the standard visual chart generation module 34 are respectively connected to the data storage module 31.
Further, the vision testing apparatus further comprises a single visual chart generating module 33 for generating the single visual chart of embodiment 22, and the single visual chart generating module 33 is connected with the data storage module 31.
The single visual acuity chart generation module 33, the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generation module 42 and the standard visual acuity chart generation module 34 respectively convey the generated single visual acuity chart, the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart to the data storage module 31 for storage, the visual acuity chart selection module 32 selects the visual acuity chart from the data storage module 31 and sends the selected visual acuity chart to the visual acuity chart display screen 4 for display, the inspector performs visual acuity test on the inspected person according to the visual acuity chart displayed on the visual acuity chart display screen 4 and records the visual acuity test result into the data storage module 31, the data storage module 31 stores the visual acuity of the inspected person in real time, the displacement sensor 6 sends the distance between the inspected person and the first supporting device 12 during the visual acuity test to the data storage module 31 for storage, the visual acuity calculation module 35 calculates the visual acuity according to the distance and the visual acuity during the test and sends the calculated result to the visual acuity data storage module 31 for storage, the data storage module 31 sends the tested eyesight to the eyesight result display screen 5 for display.
As a preferred implementation manner of this embodiment, the eyesight test device further includes an intelligent moving device, a target indication module 39 and a target recognizer 9, the intelligent moving device includes a wheel 13 at the bottom of the first supporting device, a driving motor connected to the wheel 13 and a brake on the wheel, the driving motor and the brake are respectively connected to a driving module 40 in the control unit, the target indication module 39 is used for indicating a target to be recognized by the tested person, the target recognizer 9 is used for confirming that the target is recognized and inputting the target recognition result to be recognized, and the driving module 40, the target indication module 39 and the target recognizer 9 are all connected to the data storage module 31.
The driving module 40 drives the motor to work according to the visual chart selected by the visual chart selecting module 32, and drives the first supporting device 12 to move to a position to be detected. Specifically, for the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, the first supporting means 12 is moved to a set inspection distance (for the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart in example 23, the inspection distance between the eye node of the subject and the visual acuity chart is 5 m); for a single vision chart, the first support means 12 is moved from far to near to the subject; for heterogeneous eye charts, the first support means 12 is moved toward the subject from far to near or from far to near. When a person to be inspected prepares to identify the visual targets in the visual chart, the data storage 31 acquires and stores the distance from the person to be inspected to the single visual chart or the heterogeneous visual chart when the person to be inspected starts to identify, the visual target indicating module 39 sequentially indicates the visual targets in the visual chart to wait for the person to be inspected to identify, the person to be inspected inputs the identification results of visual target directions (up, down, left and right) or unclear in the visual target identifier, the identification results are sent to the data storage module 31 to be stored, the vision calculating module 35 firstly acquires the visual target vision indicated by the visual target indicating module 39 from the data storage module 31, then confirms whether the person to be inspected can identify more than half of the visual targets according to the identification results, if yes, calculates the vision of the person to be inspected according to the distance and the visual target vision to be inspected, and sends the vision of the person to be inspected to the data storage module 31 to be stored, the data storage module 31 transmits the checked eyesight (including the checked eyesight through the single eyesight test chart, the heterogeneous eyesight test chart and the eyesight through the standard logarithmic eyesight test chart) to the eyesight result display screen 5 for display.
As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the control unit further includes a pretend vision determination module 41, where the pretend vision determination module 41 is connected to the data storage module 31, and acquires the vision detected by the single vision chart, the heterogeneous vision chart, and the standard logarithmic vision chart from the data storage module 31, compares the multiple times of vision, determines whether the vision is false according to the determination method in embodiment 20 or 21, and sends the determination result to the data storage module 31 for storage, and sends the determination result of the examinee to the vision result display screen 5 for display.
When the visual acuity test is carried out, the visual acuity of the tested person is tested in a mode of alternately testing the single visual acuity chart and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, the test accuracy is higher, the possibility of disguising the visual acuity of the tested person is lower, and the disguised high visual acuity and the disguised low visual acuity can be effectively found.
With continued reference to fig. 27, the control unit 3 further includes a visual target size setting module 36 for setting the size of the visual target, and the visual target size setting module 36 is connected to the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module 42, the single visual acuity chart generating module 33, and the standard visual acuity chart generating module 34, respectively. The size of the visual target is set through the visual target size setting module, the size of the set visual target is respectively sent to the heterogeneous visual chart generating module 42, the single visual chart generating module 33 and the standard visual chart generating module 34, the heterogeneous visual chart generating module 42, the single visual chart generating module 33 and the standard visual chart generating module 34 generate the visual chart according to the obtained visual target size, the generated visual chart is sent to the data storage module 31 to be stored, and the size of the visual target in the generated visual chart is the same as the size of the set visual target.
With continued reference to fig. 27, the control unit 3 further includes a visual target direction setting module 37 for setting a visual target direction, and the visual target direction setting module 37 is connected to the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module 42, the single visual acuity chart generating module 33, and the standard visual acuity chart generating module 34, respectively. The direction of the visual target is set through the visual target direction setting module and is respectively sent to the heterogeneous visual chart generating module 42, the single visual chart generating module 33 and the standard visual chart generating module 34, the heterogeneous visual chart generating module 42, the single visual chart generating module 33 and the standard visual chart generating module 34 generate the visual chart according to the acquired visual target direction and send the generated visual chart to the data storage module 31 for storage, and the visual target direction in the generated visual chart is the same as the set visual target direction.
With continued reference to fig. 27, the control unit 3 further includes a sighting target arrangement setting module 38 for performing distribution arrangement on the sighting target positions, and the sighting target arrangement setting module 38 is respectively connected to the heterogeneous visual acuity chart generating module 42, the single visual acuity chart generating module 33, and the standard visual acuity chart generating module 34. The arrangement positions of the visual targets are set through the visual target arrangement setting module 38 and are respectively sent to the heterogeneous visual chart generating module 42, the single visual chart generating module 33 and the standard visual chart generating module 34, the heterogeneous visual chart generating module 42, the single visual chart generating module 33 and the standard visual chart generating module 34 generate a visual chart according to the obtained arrangement positions of the visual targets and send the generated visual chart to the data storage module 31 for storage, and the arrangement positions of the visual targets in the generated visual chart are the same as the arrangement positions of the set visual targets.
With continued reference to fig. 26, the first support means comprises a first frame 12 and wheels 13 provided at the bottom of the first frame 12. The wristwatch display 4 is mounted on top of the first bracket 12, and the displacement sensor 6 is mounted on the lower portion of the first bracket 12.
In the vision testing apparatus of this embodiment, the number of optotypes in each visual chart may be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or more, and may be specifically set according to actual conditions.
This embodiment eyesight test device adopts different visual charts alternate transformation inspection, when adopting heterogeneous visual chart and single visual chart to inspect, the testing distance between transform person being inspected and the visual chart to obtain the best eyesight of person being inspected (being the minimum visual target of a certain size at farthest testing distance or certain testing distance, can correctly discern more than half visual targets be best eyesight promptly), according to different visual charts, whether the eyesight that each time visual chart was examined is true eyesight to the poor judgement standard logarithm visual chart inspection between the visual chart result, can effectively discover disguised eyesight and overcome disguised high eyesight.
The checking procedure is the same as in example 24, and is not repeated here. Unlike embodiment 24, in this embodiment, the direction of the optotype is automatically changed, the size of the optotype is automatically changed, and the arrangement position of the optotype is automatically changed.
Example 27: a vision testing method using any one of the vision testing devices described in the above embodiments, comprising the steps of:
s1, performing vision inspection through the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, enabling the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be detected to move from far to near or from near to far relative to the detected person, changing the inspection distance between the detected person and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be detected until any 1 group of visual targets are not more than half of the visual targets correctly identified by the detected person, respectively recording the number of the two types of visual targets correctly identified in the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, and calculating and recording the detected vision;
s2, performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the test distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision;
s3, for the same tested person, the testing times by using the heterogeneous visual acuity chart is more than or equal to 1 time, and whether the vision of the tested person is real vision is judged according to the visual acuity differences among the tested heterogeneous visual acuity charts, the heterogeneous visual acuity charts and the standard logarithmic visual acuity charts, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard vision row, namely: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight detected by the standard logarithmic visual chart is the real eyesight;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight, one reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight does not reach 2 standard eyesight, but the 1 st eyesight target can be correctly identified and the 2 nd eyesight target can not be correctly identified in the heterogeneous eyesight test, or the contradiction which can not be reasonably explained exists between each eyesight, the subjective mismatch is possible, and the eyesight of the standard logarithmic eyesight test is possible to be false eyesight.
In the checking process, the more the checking times in the step S1 are, the higher the judgment accuracy is, and the distance between the heterogeneous visual chart to be tested and the person to be checked is changed from far to near and from near to far, so that the judgment accuracy can be improved.
Example 28: a vision testing method using any one of the vision testing devices described in the above embodiments, comprising the steps of:
s1, performing vision inspection through the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, enabling the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be detected to move from near to far or from far to near relative to the detected person, changing the inspection distance between the detected person and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be detected until any 1 group of visual targets are not more than half of the visual targets correctly identified by the detected person, respectively recording the number of the two types of visual targets correctly identified in the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, and calculating and recording the detected vision;
s2, performing vision test through the single visual chart, moving the single visual chart to be tested from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the test distance between the tested person and the single visual chart to be tested to the farthest distance that the tested person can correctly recognize more than half of the visual targets, and calculating and recording the tested vision;
s3, performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the test distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision;
s4, for the same tested person, the times of testing by using the heterogeneous visual chart and the single visual chart are more than or equal to 1, and whether the vision of the tested person is real vision is judged according to the visual difference between the tested heterogeneous visual charts, between the single visual charts, between the heterogeneous visual chart and the single visual chart, between the heterogeneous visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart, and between the single visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart, wherein the specific judgment method comprises the following steps:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard vision row, namely: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight detected by the standard logarithmic visual chart is the real eyesight;
if one of the above-mentioned poor eyesight reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight does not reach 2 standard eyesight, but the 1 st eyesight target can be correctly identified and the 2 nd eyesight target can not be correctly identified in the heterogeneous eyesight test, or the contradiction which can not be reasonably explained exists between each eyesight, the subjective mismatch is possible, and the eyesight of the standard logarithmic eyesight test is possible to be false eyesight.
In the above steps, steps S1, S2, and S3 may be interchanged with each other, and step S1 and step S2 may be interchanged, that is: s1, performing vision test through the single visual chart, moving the single visual chart to be tested from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the test distance between the tested person and the single visual chart to be tested to the farthest distance that the tested person can correctly recognize more than half of visual targets, and calculating and recording the tested vision; s2, performing vision test through the heterogeneous visual chart, enabling the heterogeneous visual chart to be tested to move from near to far or from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the test distance between the tested person and the heterogeneous visual chart to be tested until any 1 group of visual targets are not more than half of the visual targets correctly identified by the tested person, respectively recording the number of the two visual targets correctly identified in the heterogeneous visual chart, and calculating and recording the tested vision. Step S1 and step S3 may be interchanged, that is: s1, performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the test distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision; s3, performing vision test through the heterogeneous visual chart, enabling the heterogeneous visual chart to be tested to move from near to far or from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the test distance between the tested person and the heterogeneous visual chart to be tested until any 1 group of visual targets are not more than half of the visual targets correctly identified by the tested person, respectively recording the number of the two visual targets correctly identified in the heterogeneous visual chart, and calculating and recording the tested vision. It is also possible to interchange step S2 and step S3, namely: s2, performing standard vision test through the standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at the test distance from the tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision; s3, performing vision test through the single visual chart, moving the single visual chart to be tested from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the test distance between the tested person and the single visual chart to the farthest distance that the tested person can correctly recognize more than half of visual targets, and calculating and recording the tested vision. As long as the adjacent steps are not checked by the same visual acuity chart, the sequence of the different types of visual acuity charts can be exchanged, which is not described herein.
When the visual acuity test is carried out, the distance of the visual acuity test is 2-7 meters, the heterogeneous visual acuity chart moves from a position of 2 meters to a position of 7 meters or from a position of 7 meters to a position of 2 meters, and the single visual acuity chart moves from a position of 7 meters to a position of 2 meters. The heterogeneous visual chart moves from near to far or from far to near, the effect of mixing two different visual targets is better, the tested person can be judged by mistake, the tested person can not be disguised, and the testing accuracy is improved. The single visual chart moves from far to near, so that the arrangement of the marked visual marks of the inspected person can be effectively prevented from being disguised in sequence, and the inspection accuracy is improved.
During each visual acuity test, the direction of the visual targets in each visual acuity chart is manually or automatically changed, so that the directions of the visual targets in the visual acuity charts for testing the visual acuity at each time are different. By changing the direction of the visual targets, the tested person is prevented from perusally recording the arrangement sequence of the visual targets so as to disguise the vision, and the accuracy of the vision testing is further improved.
When the eyesight test is carried out, in order to further improve the accuracy of the test, the size difference of the visual targets tested in each test exceeds 1 standard eyesight row, and the visual charts adopted in the two adjacent eyesight tests are different. Different visual charts are adopted for inspection, the size difference of the inspected sighting marks is more than 1 standard visual line, the inspection accuracy can be improved by changing the size of the inspected sighting marks, and the disguised vision can be effectively found.
When the eyesight test is carried out, in order to further improve the test accuracy, the time interval of each test is at least 5 minutes, and the tested person takes a sound-proof and light-proof eye-closing rest in the time interval. The time interval is adopted to let the checked person have a rest close to the eyes, so that the short memory of the visual target and the checking distance is reduced, the influence of the checked person on the short memory of the visual target and the checking distance is prevented, and the accuracy of checking the eyesight is further improved.
When the eyesight test is carried out, in order to ensure the correctness of the tested eyesight, the single eyesight test chart, the heterogeneous eyesight test chart and the standard logarithmic eyesight test chart are tested at least once, the more the test times are, the higher the correctness of the tested eyesight is, and the test times and the times of using various eyesight test charts can be specifically selected according to the actual situation of a tested person.
For example: the single visual acuity chart, the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart are all tested for 1 time, and the visual acuity test is sequentially carried out according to the sequence of the heterogeneous visual acuity chart test, the single visual acuity chart test and the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart test. The various visual charts are checked once respectively, compared with the existing checking method, the checking accuracy is high, but compared with the method for checking for multiple times by using various visual charts, the checking accuracy is lowest by only adopting a mode of checking once respectively.
Another example is: the single visual chart and the standard logarithmic visual chart are respectively tested for 1 time and the heterogeneous visual chart for 2 times, and the visual test is sequentially carried out according to the sequence of the heterogeneous visual chart test, the single visual chart test, the heterogeneous visual chart test and the standard logarithmic visual chart test. The heterogeneous visual acuity chart is adopted for carrying out two times of detection, so that the person to be detected with disguised vision can be better found, and the detection accuracy is further improved.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the above-mentioned heterogeneous visual acuity chart, the visual acuity test apparatus and the test method of the present invention, the following further description is made on the above-mentioned heterogeneous visual acuity chart, the visual acuity test apparatus and the test method of the present invention by combining specific experiments.
Experiment:
the tested person: volunteers 81, age: 19-51 years old, male and female, and cultural degree: from high school to doctor researchers, the purpose and process of the experiment are clear, and the experiment is willing to be actively matched. The checking distance is as follows: 2 m-7 m, the relationship between the decimal vision and the visual target and the inspection distance is as follows:
vision is the visual standard vision multiplied by the testing distance/5
The single visual acuity chart is a single visual acuity chart consisting of 5 visual targets as shown in fig. 10. The heterogeneous visual acuity chart adopts 2 visual acuity charts with different sizes as shown in figures 1-9, wherein the size of the 1 st visual acuity chart is 0.8 times that of the 2 nd visual acuity chart, and each visual acuity chart consists of 5 visual acuity charts.
The relationship between the optotype and the vision of each eye chart is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
5 fen eyesight View angle α (') Design distance D (m) Side length of sighting mark (mm) Decimal vision V
5-lgα 10n 5α 5×5000αρ 1/α
In Table 1, ρ is a mathematical symbol, and 1' is an arc number of 2.90888 × 10-4rad。
Two examiners are selected to use the eyesight examination device to carry out examination according to the following procedures in sequence:
and S1, the first examiner examines the real vision of the examinee according to the standard logarithmic visual chart and records the vision 1.
And S2, the tested person independently selects the camouflage vision or the non-camouflage vision, when the vision is camouflaged, the tested person must reduce the real vision or improve the vision by more than 2 lines, and the camouflaging can be repeatedly tested to be successful. The first examiner examines the real vision or disguised vision of the examinee according to the standard logarithmic visual chart and records the vision 2; if the pretend vision is selected, the examinee is informed of replacing the examiner at the same time, and during the examination by the second examiner, the examinee should keep the pretend vision, and if the examinee is found not matched, the pretend vision is failed.
Disguising vision aids: and (4) a standard logarithmic visual chart used in the reduction printing experiment is posted and is close to the detected person.
S3, the visual chart is replaced by a heterogeneous visual chart, a second inspector performs visual inspection on the inspected person through the heterogeneous visual chart, the heterogeneous visual chart is moved from 2 meters to 7 meters, the inspected person can not correctly recognize any 1 visual target, the other 1 visual target can be correctly recognized by the inspected person and is more than 3, the correctly recognized numbers of the 2 visual targets are respectively recorded, and the vision is calculated and 3 is recorded.
S4, replacing the visual chart with a single visual chart, carrying out visual inspection on the inspected person by a second inspector through the single visual chart, moving the single visual chart from a position of 7 meters to the near position of the inspector to the farthest distance which can correctly identify more than 3 visual targets, calculating the vision and recording the vision 4.
S5, the visual chart is replaced by a heterogeneous visual chart, a second inspector performs visual inspection on the inspected person through the heterogeneous visual chart, the heterogeneous visual chart is moved to a position 7 meters from 2 meters, the inspected person can not correctly recognize any 1 visual target, the other 1 visual target can be correctly recognized, the number of the other 1 visual target can be more than 3, the correctly recognized numbers of the 2 visual targets are respectively recorded, and the vision is calculated and 5 is recorded.
And S6, replacing the visual chart with a standard logarithmic visual chart, and carrying out visual inspection on the inspected person by the second inspector through the standard logarithmic visual chart to record the vision 6.
S7, the second examiner independently makes a judgment conclusion on the authenticity of the eyesight 6, and the specific judgment method is as follows: if the maximum differences between the eyesight 3, 4, 5 and 6 obtained by 4 times of eyesight tests in the steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 are all within 1 standard eyesight row (namely less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight row), the eyesight 6 is the real eyesight; if the vision difference reaches more than 2 standard vision lines (namely more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines) or the test can not be completed due to the mismatch, the test is mismatched and the vision is false 6; if the visual acuity of 3, 4, 5 and 6 obtained by 4 times of visual acuity tests is not up to 2 standard visual acuity lines (namely <2 standard visual acuity lines), but the 1 st visual target can be correctly identified and the 2 nd visual target can not be correctly identified in the heterogeneous visual chart test, or the visual acuity results of two different test distances in one heterogeneous visual chart test cannot be reasonably explained, or the visual acuity results of each time of the test have contradiction which cannot be reasonably explained, the subjective mismatch is possible, and the visual acuity 6 is possibly false. Recording the judgment conclusion of the authenticity of the vision 6.
And S8, inspecting the real vision of the person to be inspected by the Ding order, inspecting the real vision of the person to be inspected by the first inspector according to the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and recording the vision 7.
And verifying the judgment conclusion of the vision 6 according to the vision 1, the vision 2 and the vision 7. The results of the test are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 test results of vision test
Figure BDA0002120732040000321
Figure BDA0002120732040000331
Figure BDA0002120732040000341
Figure BDA0002120732040000351
Referring to table 2, it can be seen from the experimental results that No. 16, No. 43 and No. 74 subjects did not inform real vision, and the 3 experiments were ineffective and 78 experiments were effective.
78 experiments, 2 cases of wrong conclusion, and the conclusion error rate is 2.56%. 5 real-vision experimenters, 4 correct judgments, and 1 suspicious judgment as the result of 'the small visual target can be identified but the large visual target can not be identified' in the test of the heterogeneous visual chart, which is detailed in No. 17. 4 cases of camouflage high vision were found, and 7 other volunteers gave up camouflage high vision after learning the test method. 70 cases of low vision are pretended, the judgment is correct, 68 cases of the low vision are judged, the correct rate is 97.1%, 2 cases of the low vision are judged to be true vision by mistake, and the results are detailed in No. 20 and No. 58.
In the heterogeneous visual acuity chart test, 29 times of 35.7% and 25 cases of disguised low-vision people show that the identification error of the size of the visual target of 'small visual target can be identified but large visual target can not be identified'; another 24.2%, 17 cases disguise the low-sighted 19 times, in one heterogeneous visual acuity chart test, the presence of visual acuity results at two different test distances, e.g., vision number 32, 5.2 meters, correctly recognizes more than 3 optotypes 0.4 and 0.445, and at 5.5 meters, correctly recognizes 0.4 and 0.445 optotypes, with visual performance of 0.416 and 0.463 and <0.439 and < 0.490. The total of 38 cases of abnormal findings were observed, and the incidence rates among the low-vision pretend persons were 38/70 and 54.3%.
The high-vision camouflage people have no abnormal recognition; the situation occurs when the examinee guesses the direction of the optotype randomly for 1 real-sight person and No. 17 true-sight person, and the situation is not good enough.
4 suspicious conclusion cases are judged by the person who pretends to have low vision, and the vision test results all have contradictions which cannot be reasonably explained. For example, in the case of the test subject No. 5, the total visual acuity is within 1 standard visual acuity row, and the visual acuity test results are contradictory: the visual acuity No. 3 disavowal recognizes 0.198, which is inconsistent with the visual acuity No. 5 and No. 6. In fact, the person No. 5 is female, a student of age four, 22 years old, university, 300-degree myopia glasses, and the degree of astigmatism is not corrected in detail. According to No. 5, the examinee clearly states that the 0.2 visual target is clear and the 0.25 visual target is slightly blurred, and the 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 are more blurred, so that the low vision is disguised according to the blurring degree. After No. 50, the experimental scheme is adjusted, and 1 time of heterogeneous visual chart or 1 time of single visual chart inspection is added for suspicious judgment of visual test which cannot be reasonably explained, so that no suspicious conclusion appears after No. 50.
The 2 judgment errors all come from disguised low vision, and the test result is expressed as "poor eyesight is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight". Among them, 20 was examined, female, 19 years old, university, second grade student. The right eye is astigmatic, the degree is not corrected in detail, and the glasses are not worn at ordinary times. Based on the degree of astigmatism, the examinee No. 20 can judge whether the eye mark is 0.2, thereby pretending low vision. No. 58 examinees, male, 24 years old, computer image processing professionals in the study students, can judge the size of the sighting target from the above, and the method is not detailed.
In addition, the second experiment was carried out by the No. 67, No. 71 and No. 77 volunteers, and the second experiment was carried out by the No. 79, No. 80 and No. 81 volunteers, who were examiners of the experiment, without influencing the results by the familiar examination method and procedure.
In the process of judging the camouflage vision by removing 2 invalid experiments and 5 real experiments, the effective experiments are 73, wherein in the comparison of the test results of the heterogeneous visual chart (visual acuity 3) and the standard logarithmic visual chart (visual acuity 6), the visual acuity difference reaches more than two standard lines and is 33, the discovery rate is 45.2%, in the comparison of the test results of the two heterogeneous visual charts (visual acuity 3 and visual acuity 5), the visual acuity difference reaches more than two standard lines and is 48, and the discovery rate is 65.8%.
The experiment shows that the visual inspection device provided by the invention can be used for inspecting the visual of the inspected person, the true visual accuracy obtained by inspection is more than 95%, subjective unmatching and eyesight disguising can be effectively found, evidence support is provided for social problems related to social security, personal injury insurance claim settlement and the like, and the disguiser is prevented from obtaining improper benefits, so that the visual inspection device has very important practical significance.
Experiment:
the tested person: volunteers 25, age: 19-25 years old, male and female, and cultural degree: above high school, the purpose and flow of the experiment are clear, and the experiment is willing to be actively matched. The checking distance is as follows: 2 m-7 m, the relationship between the decimal vision and the visual target and the inspection distance is as follows:
vision is the visual standard vision multiplied by the testing distance/5
The single visual acuity chart adopts a single visual acuity chart consisting of 5 visual targets shown in fig. 1.
The relationship between the optotype and the vision of each eye chart is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
5 fen eyesight View angle α (') Design distance D (m) Side length of sighting mark (mm) Decimal vision V
5-lgα 10n 5α 5×5000αρ 1/α
In Table 1, ρ is a mathematical symbol, and 1' is an arc number of 2.90888 × 10-4rad。
Two examiners are selected to use the eyesight examination device to carry out examination according to the following procedures in sequence:
and S1, the first examiner examines the real vision of the examinee according to the standard logarithmic visual chart and records the vision 1.
And S2, the tested person independently selects the camouflage vision or the non-camouflage vision, when the camouflage vision is selected, the tested person must reduce the real vision or improve the vision by more than 2 lines, and the test can be repeatedly carried out to ensure that the camouflage is successful. The first examiner examines the real vision or disguised vision of the examinee according to the standard logarithmic visual chart and records the vision 2; if the pretend vision is selected, the examinee is informed of replacing the examiner at the same time, and during the examination by the second examiner, the examinee should keep the pretend vision, and if the examinee is found not matched, the pretend vision is failed.
Disguising vision aids: and (4) a standard logarithmic visual chart used in the reduction printing experiment is posted and is close to the detected person.
And S3, replacing the visual chart with a single visual chart, carrying out visual inspection on the inspected person by a second inspector through the single visual chart, moving the single visual chart from a position of 7 meters to the near part of the inspected person to the farthest distance of correctly identifying more than 3 visual targets, calculating the vision and recording the vision 3.
And S4, replacing the visual chart with a standard logarithmic visual chart, and carrying out visual inspection on the inspected person by the second inspector through the standard logarithmic visual chart to record the vision 4.
S5, the second examiner independently makes a judgment conclusion on the eyesight 4, and the specific judgment method is as follows: if the vision difference between the vision 3 obtained by checking the vision in the step S3 and the vision 4 checked in the step S4 is more than 2 standard vision lines (namely the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines), the test is unmatched, and the vision 4 is false; the judgment conclusion on vision 4 is recorded.
And S6, inspecting the real vision of the person to be inspected by the Ding order, inspecting the real vision of the person to be inspected by the first inspector according to the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and recording the vision 5.
And evaluating the judgment conclusion of vision 4 according to vision 1, vision 2 and vision 5.
Table 2 test results of vision test
Figure BDA0002120732040000371
Referring to table 2, it can be seen from the experimental results that 25 experimental samples, 5 cases of real vision, 3 and 4 cases of vision, have the visual difference within 1 standard visual line. The 10 cases of false judgment are all from disguised vision, and the judgment accuracy is 100%.
Of the 20 cases of camouflaged vision, 10 cases were judged to be false, and the finding rate was 50%. 2 cases of high vision are disguised, and the discovery rate is 100%; 18 cases of low vision are disguised, 8 cases are found, the finding rate is 44.4%, and in addition, 10 cases of disguised low vision people have the eyesight difference between the 3 vision and the 4 vision within 1 standard eyesight row and are not found.
The experiment shows that the single visual acuity chart, the visual acuity test device and the visual acuity test method are used for carrying out visual acuity test on a tested person, the detection result shows that the disguised visual acuity discovery rate is about 50%, wherein the disguised high visual acuity discovery rate is 100%, and the disguised low visual acuity discovery rate is about 44%, so that subjective unmatched and disguised visual acuity can be effectively found, evidence support is provided for social problems related to social security, personal injury insurance claims and the like, and the disguise person is prevented from obtaining improper benefits, and the visual acuity chart, the visual acuity test device and the visual acuity test method have very important practical significance.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are possible within the spirit and scope of the claims.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are possible within the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims (15)

1. A heterogeneous visual acuity chart comprising a large-small false-view chart consisting of heterogeneous reference areas and at least 2 visual targets of different sizes, wherein the heterogeneous reference areas can cause false judgment of the sizes of the visual targets of different sizes, and a certain smaller visual target is not smaller than another larger visual target visually.
2. The heterogeneous eye chart of claim 1, wherein the heterogeneous reference area is a perspective view capable of affecting visual depth of different optotypes, wherein M larger optotypes are placed at visually closer positions in the perspective view, N smaller optotypes are placed at visually farther positions in the perspective view, and M and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1, thereby causing erroneous judgments of the sizes of the optotypes of different sizes by causing an illusion of the visual depth.
3. The heterogeneous eye chart of claim 2 wherein the heterogeneous reference zone further comprises an illusion graphic enabling the smaller visual targets to be visually larger and the larger visual targets to be visually smaller, the illusion graphic comprising one or more of an alphanumeric graphic, a numeric graphic, a geometric graphic, and a cone.
4. The heterogeneous visual acuity chart of claim 3, wherein the alphabetic icons are visual target icons having the same structure as the visual target icons.
5. The heterogeneous visual acuity chart of claim 4, wherein a colored block is further disposed between two different sets of visual acuity charts in the heterogeneous reference areas.
6. The heterogeneous visual acuity chart of claim 5, wherein when the number of the visual targets is two, the 1 st visual target comprises a plurality of small visual targets, the 2 nd visual target comprises a plurality of large visual targets, and the size of the 1 st visual target is 0.64-0.99 times that of the 2 nd visual target, the margin distance between each visual target and the surrounding lines or figures forming the heterogeneous reference area is more than half of the width of the visual target, the margin distance between two adjacent visual targets is more than half of the width of the larger visual target, each visual target comprises at least 5 visual targets in four directions, and the directions of the two adjacent visual targets are different.
7. The heterogeneous visual acuity chart of claim 6, wherein the heterogeneous reference area comprises a 1 st visual target pattern and a 2 nd visual target pattern which have the same structures as the visual targets, the 1 st visual target pattern and the 2 nd visual target pattern are respectively arranged around the 1 st visual target and the 2 nd visual target, the 1 st visual target pattern has a size not larger than 0.5 times of the 1 st visual target, the 2 nd visual target pattern has a size not smaller than 1.5 times of the 2 nd visual target, the 1 st visual target is visually larger and the 2 nd visual target is visually smaller by generating an Evoest illusion, and further, for normal judgment of the size of the visual targets, when the illusion pattern comprises conical bodies, the conical bodies are between the 2 visual targets, the tips of the conical bodies are near the 1 st visual target, and the bottom surfaces of the conical bodies are near the 2 nd visual target.
8. The heterogeneous eye chart of claim 7 wherein the size of the 1 st optotype is 0.79 to 0.81 times the size of the 2 nd optotype.
9. A vision test method for non-disease diagnostic purposes using the heterogeneous visual acuity chart of any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
performing vision inspection through the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, enabling the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be inspected to move from far to near or from near to far relative to the inspected person, changing the inspection distance between the inspected person and the heterogeneous visual acuity chart to be inspected until any 1 group of visual targets are not more than half of the visual targets to be inspected correctly, respectively recording the number of two types of visual targets correctly identified in the heterogeneous visual acuity chart, and calculating and recording the inspected vision;
performing standard vision test through a standard logarithmic visual chart, detecting at a test distance from a tested person to the standard logarithmic visual chart to be tested, and recording the tested vision;
in the process, for the same person to be tested, the number of times of testing by adopting the heterogeneous visual acuity charts is more than or equal to 1, and whether the vision of the person to be tested is real vision is judged according to the visual acuity difference tested between the heterogeneous visual acuity charts and the standard logarithmic visual acuity charts.
10. The vision testing method for non-disease diagnosis purposes of claim 9, further comprising performing vision testing through a single vision chart, moving the single vision chart to be tested from far to near relative to the tested person, changing the testing distance between the tested person and the single vision chart to be tested to the farthest distance at which the tested person can correctly recognize more than half of the optotypes, and calculating and recording the tested vision;
the single visual chart is a plan view consisting of at least 5 visual targets with the same size, the directions of the visual targets in the visual chart are 4, the margin distance between any two adjacent visual targets is more than half of the width of the visual targets, the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the vertical direction are different, and the directions of any two adjacent visual targets in the horizontal direction are different;
in the process, for the same person to be tested, the times of testing by adopting the heterogeneous visual acuity chart and the single visual acuity chart are more than or equal to 1, and whether the vision of the person to be tested is real vision is judged according to the visual acuity difference tested between the heterogeneous visual acuity charts, between the single visual acuity charts, between the heterogeneous visual acuity charts and the standard logarithmic visual acuity charts and between the single visual acuity charts and the standard logarithmic visual acuity charts.
11. The vision testing method for non-disease diagnosis purposes according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the specific determination method is:
defining 1 action 1 standard vision action specified by a standard logarithmic visual chart;
if the above-mentioned visual acuity is within 1 standard vision row, namely: if the eyesight difference is less than or equal to 1 standard eyesight line, the eyesight detected by the standard logarithmic visual chart is the real eyesight;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight, one reaches more than 2 standard eyesight, namely: the vision difference is more than or equal to 2 standard vision lines, or the vision can not be detected because the detected person is not matched, the vision is detected to be not matched, and the vision detected by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is false vision;
if the above-mentioned poor eyesight does not reach 2 standard eyesight, but the 1 st eyesight target can be correctly identified and the 2 nd eyesight target can not be correctly identified in the heterogeneous eyesight test, or the contradiction which can not be reasonably explained exists between each eyesight, the subjective mismatch is possible, and the eyesight of the standard logarithmic eyesight test is possible to be false eyesight.
12. The vision testing method for non-disease diagnostic purposes as set forth in claim 11, wherein the number of optotypes in each of the standard logarithmic, heterogeneous and single optotypes is the same for each vision test.
13. The vision testing method for non-disease diagnosis purposes of claim 11, wherein the visual targets in each visual acuity chart are oriented manually or automatically at each visual acuity test so that the visual targets in each visual acuity chart for each visual acuity test are oriented differently.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the size of the optotypes used in each test are different by more than 1 standard visual acuity row, and wherein the visual acuity charts used in two adjacent visual acuity tests are different.
15. A method of visual inspection for non-disease diagnostic purposes as claimed in claim 11 wherein the time interval for each inspection is at least 5 minutes during which the person being inspected has a sound-proof, light-blocking, eye-closing rest.
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