CN110311612B - Device and method for identifying initial position of permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor - Google Patents
Device and method for identifying initial position of permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110311612B CN110311612B CN201910575709.7A CN201910575709A CN110311612B CN 110311612 B CN110311612 B CN 110311612B CN 201910575709 A CN201910575709 A CN 201910575709A CN 110311612 B CN110311612 B CN 110311612B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0003—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P21/0014—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control using neural networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/24—Vector control not involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
- H02P21/32—Determining the initial rotor position
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for identifying the initial position of a permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor, wherein direct current voltage provides a stable power supply, a direct current and alternating current change module is used for controlling the conduction of any two phases of a permanent magnet synchronous motor three-phase winding, one phase is suspended, a size comparison module is used for outputting an integral polarity judgment characteristic value, a neural network module is used for finally integrating and predicting all characteristic values to obtain the initial position of the rotor, in practical application, only a switch needs to be controlled to be switched on and off once, the position information of the rotor can be obtained by taking the amplitude of the six-time induction voltage and the compared characteristic value as input, compared with the traditional current judgment fault-tolerant rate, the invention does not need a higher sampling detection device, has short sampling time, the method does not depend on a motor mathematical model, an inductance model and a filter circuit, and has higher detection precision on the initial position of the permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for identifying an initial position of a permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor, and belongs to the technical field of motor control.
Background
The permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of high power density, simple structure and the like, and is widely applied to industry, vehicle engineering and the like in recent years. Generally, a permanent magnet synchronous motor needs to be provided with a rotor position and speed signal detector for realizing magnetic field orientation control, but the use of the sensors increases the cost of the system, greatly reduces the reliability of the system, and is influenced by conditions such as temperature, so that many researchers develop sensorless research. The sensorless speed measurement of the permanent magnet motor is usually difficult to realize at low speed, the sensorless control is generally realized by utilizing the salient pole rate of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the salient pole rate of the surface-mounted motor is not obvious, so that the estimation of the position of a rotor is difficult to realize at low speed.
The method comprises the steps of firstly controlling an inverter to inject a series of pulse voltage vectors with equal amplitude and action time and different directions into a motor stator winding, and estimating the initial position of the rotor by comparing the amplitude difference value of positive and negative response currents of the same phase based on the nonlinear characteristic of a hysteresis loop of a stator core. The method is easy to realize, theoretically, the rotor position measuring method based on the pulse voltage vector has no error or extremely small error at a steady state, namely an initial position, but has large errors due to the fact that an inductance model of the motor is not accurate compared with an actual motor, the nonlinear error of an inverter is large, the difference of excitation current at each degree is small, and the error is extremely easy to cause.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the problems that the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor based on a pulse voltage vector method is low in rotor initial position judgment precision, high in current sampling precision and easy to cause magnetic pole misjudgment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an initial position identification device for a permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor comprises six diodes VD1-VD6Permanent magnet synchronous motor and six power driving devices VT1-VT6The system comprises a direct current power supply, three voltage sampling modules and a processor;
the direct current power supply and six diodes VD1-VD6Six power driving devices VT connected in series with stator winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor in sequence1-VT6The three-phase voltage sampling module is connected with a diode respectively, one end of each of the three voltage sampling modules is connected with a stator three-phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor respectively, the other end of each of the three voltage sampling modules is connected with a processor respectively, and a numerical value comparison module and a neural network module are arranged in the processor.
Diode VD1、VD3、VD5Is respectively connected with the positive voltage end of the DC power supply, VD1And VD4Is connected to the input terminal of VD3And VD6Is connected to the input terminal of VD5And VD2Is connected to the input terminal of a diode VD4、VD6、VD2The output ends of the permanent magnets are respectively connected with the negative voltage end of the direct current power supplyThe stator three-phase winding of the step motor comprises an A-phase winding, a B-phase winding and a C-phase winding, wherein the A-phase winding is connected to a diode VD1And VD4The B phase winding is connected to a diode VD3And VD6The C-phase winding is connected to a diode VD5And VD2In between, the six power driving devices VT1-VT6Respectively corresponding to six diodes VD1~VD6The control ports of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are connected, the three voltage sampling modules are three voltage sensors, one ends of the three voltage sensors are respectively connected with a three-phase winding of a stator of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the other ends of the three voltage sensors are respectively connected to a processor, a numerical value comparison module of the processor compares voltage data, and then a neural network module outputs the position of a rotor after processing the data.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide an identification method using an identification device for initial position of permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor, which comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, a rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is sequentially dragged to 0-360 degrees by adopting a magnetic field orientation method, six induced voltage amplitudes under each degree are measured, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) conducting diode VD1、VD6And by means of a power-driven device VT1、VT6Provided with a diode VD1、VD6The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AB phase winding, and the C phase is suspended, so that the AB generates an exciting current IABAnd C-phase induced voltage amplitudeThe C-phase induced voltage is AB exciting current IABThe induced voltage comprises the position of a rotor of the current permanent magnet synchronous motor;
(1.2) conducting diode VD3、VD4And by means of a power-driven device VT3、VT4Provided with a diode VD3、VD4The other diodes are cut off to enable the direct current power supplyThe voltage of the phase B is only through an AB phase winding, and a C phase is suspended, so that the AB generates an exciting current IBAAnd C-phase induced voltage amplitude
(1.3) conducting diode VD1、VD2And by means of a power-driven device VT1、VT2Provided with a diode VD1、VD2The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AC phase winding, and the B phase is suspended, so that the AC generates an excitation current IACAnd B-phase induced voltage amplitudeThe B-phase induced voltage is generated by AC exciting current IACThe induced voltage and the synthesized magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet are generated together, and the induced voltage contains the current rotor position information;
(1.4) conducting diode VD4、VD5And by means of a power-driven device VT4、VT5Provided with a diode VD4、VD5The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AC phase winding, and the B phase is suspended, so that the AC generates an excitation current ICAAnd B-phase induced voltage amplitude
(1.5) conducting diode VD2、VD3And by means of a power-driven device VT2、VT3Provided with a diode VD2、VD3The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the BC phase winding, the A phase is suspended, and the BC generates exciting current IBCAnd a phase induced voltage amplitudeThe A-phase induced voltage is excited by BC exciting current IBCThe induced voltage and the synthesized magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet are generated together, and the induced voltage contains the current rotor position information;
(1.6) conducting diode VD5、VD6And by means of a power-driven device VT5、VT6Provided with a diode VD5、VD6The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the BC phase winding, the A phase is suspended, and the BC generates exciting current ICBAnd a phase induced voltage amplitude
(2) Obtaining 361 groups of induction voltage amplitudes through the step (1), wherein each group comprises six induction voltage amplitudes, inputting the 361 groups of induction voltage amplitudes measured in the step (1) into a numerical value comparison module of a processor, comparing the two positive and negative voltage amplitudes of each phase under each degree by the numerical value comparison module, if the positive voltage amplitude is larger than the negative voltage amplitude, marking the comparison result as '1', if the positive voltage amplitude is smaller than the negative voltage amplitude, marking as '0', and taking 0 and 1 as characteristic values, obtaining 3 characteristic values after comparing the six positive and negative voltage amplitudes of each degree, combining the 3 characteristic values under each degree and the six voltage amplitudes under each degree into a group, wherein 361 groups of data are shared, and then inputting the 361 groups of data into a neural network module;
(3) the 361 group of data are divided into a training sample and a testing sample, a neural network module firstly trains the training sample to obtain a neural network fitting the rotor angle, then the testing sample is used for verifying the neural network fitting the rotor angle, and if the error is within an allowable range, the obtained neural network fitting the rotor angle is used for outputting the position information theta of the rotor;
(4) in practical application, after the measured six voltage amplitudes at any angle of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are compared, the characteristic value of the comparison result and the six voltage amplitudes are input into a neural network for fitting the angle of the rotor, and the position information theta of the rotor is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in practical application, the position information of the rotor can be obtained by controlling the switch to be switched on and off once and taking the amplitude of the six-time induction voltage and the compared characteristic value as input, and the fault-tolerant rate is higher compared with the traditional current judgment.
(2) The invention does not need a higher sampling detection device, has short sampling time, does not depend on a motor mathematical model, an inductance model and a filter circuit, and causes the system to be complicated and unreliable due to a large number of filter circuits.
(3) The method has higher detection precision for the initial position of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection for measuring the C-phase induced voltage amplitude of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for measuring the amplitude of the B-phase induced voltage according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection for measuring the A-phase induced voltage amplitude of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing predicted results and actual results for test samples.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the device for identifying the initial position of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises six diodes VD1-VD6Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), six power driving devices VT1-VT6The system comprises a direct current power supply, three voltage sampling modules and a processor;
the direct current power supply and six diodes VD1-VD6Six power driving devices VT connected in series with stator winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor in sequence1-VT6The three-phase voltage sampling module is connected with a diode respectively, one end of each of the three voltage sampling modules is connected with a stator three-phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor respectively, the other end of each of the three voltage sampling modules is connected with a processor respectively, and a numerical value comparison module and a neural network module are arranged in the processor.
Diode VD1、VD3、VD5Is respectively connected with the positive voltage end of the DC power supply, VD1And VD4Is connected to the input terminal of VD3And VD6Is connected to the input terminal of VD5And VD2Is connected to the input terminal of a diode VD4、VD6、VD2The output end of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is respectively connected with the negative voltage end of a direct current power supply, a stator three-phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises an A-phase winding, a B-phase winding and a C-phase winding, wherein the A-phase winding is connected to a diode VD1And VD4The B phase winding is connected to a diode VD3And VD6The C-phase winding is connected to a diode VD5And VD2In between, the six power driving devices VT1-VT6Respectively corresponding to six diodes VD1~VD6The three voltage sampling modules are three voltage sensors, one ends of the three voltage sensors are respectively connected with a three-phase winding of a permanent magnet synchronous motor stator, and the other ends of the three voltage sensors are respectively connected to a processor.
The identification method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor initial position identification device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, a rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is sequentially dragged to 0-360 degrees by adopting a magnetic field orientation method, six induced voltage amplitudes under each degree are measured, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) conducting diode VD1、VD6And by means of a power-driven device VT1、VT6Provided with a diode VD1、VD6The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AB phase winding, and the C phase is suspended, so that the AB generates an exciting current IABAnd C-phase induced voltage amplitudeThe C-phase induced voltage is AB exciting current IABThe induced voltage contains the rotor position of the current permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the circuit connection diagram is shown in figure 2;
(1.2) conducting diode VD3、VD4And by means of a power-driven device VT3、VT4Provided with a diode VD3、VD4The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AB phase winding, and the C phase is suspended, so that the AB generates an exciting current IBAAnd C-phase induced voltage amplitudeThe circuit connection diagram is shown in FIG. 2;
(1.3) conducting diode VD1、VD2And by means of a power-driven device VT1、VT2Provided with a diode VD1、VD2The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AC phase winding, and the B phase is suspended, so that the AC generates an excitation current IACAnd B-phase induced voltage amplitudeThe B-phase induced voltage is generated by AC exciting current IACThe induced voltage and the synthesized magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet are generated together, the induced voltage contains the current rotor position information, and the circuit connection diagram is shown in figure 3;
(1.4) conducting diode VD4、VD5And by means of a power-driven device VT4、VT5Provided with a diode VD4、VD5The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AC phase winding, and the B phase is suspended, so that the AC generates an excitation current ICAAnd B-phase induced voltage amplitudeThe circuit connection diagram is shown in FIG. 3;
(1.5) conducting diode VD2、VD3And by means of a power-driven device VT2、VT3Provided with a diode VD2、VD3The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the BC phase winding, the A phase is suspended, and the BC generates exciting current IBCAnd a phase induced voltage amplitudeThe A-phase induced voltage is excited by BC exciting current IBCThe induced voltage and the synthesized magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet are generated together, the induced voltage contains the current rotor position information, and the circuit connection diagram is shown in FIG. 4;
(1.6) conducting diode VD5、VD6And by means of a power-driven device VT5、VT6Provided with a diode VD5、VD6The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the BC phase winding, the A phase is suspended, and the BC generates exciting current ICBAnd a phase induced voltage amplitudeThe circuit connection diagram is shown in FIG. 4;
(2) obtaining 361 groups of induction voltage amplitudes through the step (1), wherein each group comprises six induction voltage amplitudes, inputting the 361 groups of induction voltage amplitudes measured in the step (1) into a numerical value magnitude comparison module of a processor, comparing the magnitude of two positive and negative voltage amplitudes of each phase under each degree by the numerical value magnitude comparison module, recording the comparison result as '1' if the positive voltage amplitude is greater than the negative voltage amplitude, recording the comparison result as '0' if the positive voltage amplitude is smaller than the negative voltage amplitude, and obtaining 3 characteristic values after comparing the six positive and negative voltage amplitudes of each degree, combining the 3 characteristic values under each degree and the six voltage amplitudes under each degree into one group to obtain 361 groups of data in total, and inputting the 361 groups of data into a neural network module which is a neural network limit learning machine;
(3) the 361 group of data are divided into a training sample and a testing sample, a neural network module firstly trains the training sample to obtain a neural network fitting the rotor angle, then the testing sample is used for verifying the neural network fitting the rotor angle, and if the error is within an allowable range, the obtained neural network fitting the rotor angle is used for outputting the position information theta of the rotor;
(4) in practical application, after the measured six voltage amplitudes at any angle of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are compared, the characteristic value of the comparison result and the six voltage amplitudes are input into a neural network for fitting the angle of the rotor, and the position information theta of the rotor is obtained.
Example 2: the structure and the method of the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the position of the rotor of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor is tested by the method, the motor parameters are as shown in the following table, the high-frequency signal used in the experiment is 1kHz, and the direct-current power supply is 500V.
TABLE 1 main parameters of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor
The motor is a two-antipode motor, the mechanical angle of a rotor of the motor is set to be two 0-180 degrees, six induction voltage amplitudes at each degree are measured, after the amplitudes are compared, 361 groups of compared characteristic values and induction voltage amplitudes are input into a neural network module, 310 groups of 361 groups of data are used as training samples, the rest 51 groups of data are used as test samples, the neural network of the fitted rotor angle is obtained after the training samples are trained, and then 51 groups of test samples are fitted by the neural network of the fitted rotor angle, the result is shown in figure 5, the actually measured true value is a circle, the predicted value is a point, and the predicted value and the true value are basically free of errors, so that the accuracy of identifying the rotor position by the method is high.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The device for identifying the initial position of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is characterized by comprising six diodes VD1-VD6Permanent magnet synchronous motor and six power driving devices VT1-VT6Straight and straightThe device comprises a current source, three voltage sampling modules and a processor;
the direct current power supply and six diodes VD1-VD6Six power driving devices VT connected in series with stator winding of permanent magnet synchronous motor in sequence1-VT6The three voltage sampling modules are respectively connected with a diode, one end of each voltage sampling module is respectively connected with a stator three-phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the other end of each voltage sampling module is respectively connected with a processor, and a numerical value comparison module and a neural network module are arranged in the processor; diode VD1、VD3、VD5Is respectively connected with the positive voltage end of the DC power supply, VD1And VD4Is connected to the input terminal of VD3And VD6Is connected to the input terminal of VD5And VD2Is connected to the input terminal of a diode VD4、VD6、VD2The output end of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is respectively connected with the negative voltage end of a direct current power supply, a stator three-phase winding of the permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises an A-phase winding, a B-phase winding and a C-phase winding, wherein the A-phase winding is connected to a diode VD1And VD4The B phase winding is connected to a diode VD3And VD6The C-phase winding is connected to a diode VD5And VD2In between, the six power driving devices VT1-VT6Respectively corresponding to six diodes VD1~VD6The three voltage sampling modules are three voltage sensors, one ends of the three voltage sensors are respectively connected with a three-phase winding of a permanent magnet synchronous motor stator, and the other ends of the three voltage sensors are respectively connected to a processor; the identification method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor initial position identification device comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, a rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is sequentially dragged to 0-360 degrees by adopting a magnetic field orientation method, six induced voltage amplitudes under each degree are measured, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) conducting diode VD1、VD6And by means of a power-driven device VT1、VT6Provided with a diode VD1、VD6The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AB phase winding, and the C phase is suspended, so that the AB generates an exciting current IABAnd C-phase induced voltage amplitudeThe C-phase induced voltage is AB exciting current IABThe induced voltage comprises the position of a rotor of the current permanent magnet synchronous motor;
(1.2) conducting diode VD3、VD4And by means of a power-driven device VT3、VT4Provided with a diode VD3、VD4The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AB phase winding, and the C phase is suspended, so that the AB generates an exciting current IBAAnd C-phase induced voltage amplitude
(1.3) conducting diode VD1、VD2And by means of a power-driven device VT1、VT2Provided with a diode VD1、VD2The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AC phase winding, and the B phase is suspended, so that the AC generates an excitation current IACAnd B-phase induced voltage amplitudeThe B-phase induced voltage is generated by AC exciting current IACThe induced voltage and the synthesized magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet are generated together, and the induced voltage contains the current rotor position information;
(1.4) conducting diode VD4、VD5And by means of a power-driven device VT4、VT5Provided with a diode VD4、VD5The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the AC phase winding, and the B phase is suspended, so that the AC generates an excitation current ICAAnd B-phase induced voltage amplitude
(1.5) conducting diode VD2、VD3And by means of a power-driven device VT2、VT3Provided with a diode VD2、VD3The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the BC phase winding, the A phase is suspended, and the BC generates exciting current IBCAnd a phase induced voltage amplitudeThe A-phase induced voltage is excited by BC exciting current IBCThe induced voltage and the synthesized magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet are generated together, and the induced voltage contains the current rotor position information;
(1.6) conducting diode VD5、VD6And by means of a power-driven device VT5、VT6Provided with a diode VD5、VD6The other diodes are disconnected, so that the voltage of the direct current power supply only passes through the BC phase winding, the A phase is suspended, and the BC generates exciting current ICBAnd a phase induced voltage amplitude
(2) Obtaining 361 groups of induction voltage amplitudes through the step (1), wherein each group comprises six induction voltage amplitudes, inputting the 361 groups of induction voltage amplitudes measured in the step (1) into a numerical value comparison module of a processor, comparing the two positive and negative voltage amplitudes of each phase under each degree by the numerical value comparison module, if the positive voltage amplitude is larger than the negative voltage amplitude, marking the comparison result as '1', if the positive voltage amplitude is smaller than the negative voltage amplitude, marking as '0', and taking 0 and 1 as characteristic values, obtaining 3 characteristic values after comparing the six positive and negative voltage amplitudes of each degree, combining the 3 characteristic values under each degree and the six voltage amplitudes under each degree into a group, wherein 361 groups of data are shared, and then inputting the 361 groups of data into a neural network module;
(3) the 361 group of data are divided into a training sample and a testing sample, a neural network module firstly trains the training sample to obtain a neural network fitting the rotor angle, then the testing sample is used for verifying the neural network fitting the rotor angle, and if the error is within an allowable range, the obtained neural network fitting the rotor angle is used for outputting the position information theta of the rotor;
(4) in practical application, after the measured six voltage amplitudes at any angle of the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are compared, the characteristic value of the comparison result and the six voltage amplitudes are input into a neural network for fitting the angle of the rotor, and the position information theta of the rotor is obtained.
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